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Academic literature on the topic 'Consecutive optic atrophy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Consecutive optic atrophy"
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Kavita, Patil, Mahantgol Rajeshwari, Badad Shruti, Venkata Jahnavi Sana, and Haritha.V. "Optic Atrophy in Rural North Karnataka: A Retrospective Study of Etiological Patterns." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 10 (2024): 1004–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14063763.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Optic atrophy is an end stage result of various pathological conditions affecting the visual pathway anywhere from retina to lateral geniculate body. Ophthalmoscopically classified as primary, secondary, consecutive and glaucomatous. It is important to find the underlying etiology and treat at the earliest in order to prevent complete loss of visual function and improve quality of life. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A retrospective observation study included rural population of north Karnataka, who were diagnosed with optic atrophy during the period of 1 year, from July 2023 to June 2024 in Department of Ophthalmology at Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 40 patients were diagnosed with optic atrophy. Among them 16 (40%) were females and 24 (60%) were males. 3(7.50%) patients belong to the age group of <20 years, 7 (17.50%) patients to 20-40 years, 14 (35%) patients to 40-60years and 16 (40%) patients to >60years of age groups. Out of 40 optic atrophy cases 3(7.5%) had primary optic atrophy, 7(17.50%) had secondary optic atrophy, 11(27.50%) had consecutive optic atrophy and 19 (47.50%) had glaucomatous optic atrophy. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Glaucoma followed by retinitis pigmentosa are most common cause of optic atrophy with severe loss of visual function among rural population of north Karnataka. Screening and awareness programme for early diagnosis of glaucoma, genetic counselling for retinitis pigmentosa with improvement in primary health care facility is recommended in order to reduce vision loss due to optic atrophy.
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Bajracharya, Kabindra, Prachand Gautam, Sanjeeb Kumar Yadav, and Nirsara Shrestha. "EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CAUSES OF OPTIC ATROPHY IN GENERAL OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF LUMBINI EYE INSTITUTE." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2016): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v3i2.14287.
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INTRODUCTION: Optic atrophy is usually applied to the condition of the disc following degeneration of the optic nerve. The present study was done to explore the epidemiology and causes of optic atrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 100 cases of optic atrophy patients with convenience sampling was conducted from 1 July 2012 to 23 September 2012. Clinical history was taken including demography. Visual acuity was taken, pupillary reaction tested and posterior segment examined. Optic atrophy was diagnosed by optic disc examination with slit lamp bio-microscopy with aid of 90D lens. Disc pallor with diminution of vision was used as parameter to diagnose optic atrophy. RESULTS: Out of 100 patients, male were 54%. It was bilateral in 26%. The mean age was 53.6 years (+/-18.11 yrs SD). The highest occurrence was seen in 61-70 yrs age range. Glaucoma was the most common cause of optic atrophy involving 58%. Out of 42% non-glaucomatous optic atrophy, 55% manifested primary optic atrophy, 38% secondary optic atrophy and 7% consecutive optic atrophy. The non-glaucomatous causes were trauma, optic neuritis, central retinal vein occlusion, intracranial space occupying lesions, papilloedema and in nine cases cause was unknown. Socially blind patients comprised of 37%. CONCLUSION: Optic atrophy was nearly equal in occurrence in both male and female and common above 4th decade of life. Glaucoma was commonest cause. Non-glaucomatous optic atrophy was also not uncommon and several causal factors should be considered.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10 Page: 26-29
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Naveen, Sirohi, Kumar Jitendra, and Kumar Puneet. "Compressive and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy: A Comparative Study." PJSR 10, no. 2 (2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8242655.
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This research was aimed to study the etiology of optic atrophy and comparison of optic disc morphology between compressive and glaucomatous optic atrophy. It included 72 cases of optic atrophy admitted in Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi between January 2016 to May 2017. Assessment of present complaints, examination of the eyes, visual acuity, refraction, perimetry, Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT) and slit lamp examination was done. The quantitative parameters of Optic Nerve Head (ONH) structure were compared using the Spectralis OCT with an enhanced depth imaging method. Out of 72 cases, 42 were males(58.33%) and 30 were females(41.67%). The disease was bilateral in 55 patients(76.39%). The disease manifested as primary optic atrophy in 36 patients(50%), secondary optic atrophy due to papilloedema in 9 cases(12.5%) and due to papillitis in 9 cases(12.5%). Six cases(8.33.%) had consecutive optic atrophy and 12 cases(16.67%) had glaucomatous optic atrophy. The main causes were meningitis in 12 cases(16.67%), syphilis in 8 cases(11.1%) and intra-cranial space occupying lesions in 6 cases(8.33%). The mean and maximum cup depths of Compressive optic neuropathy(CON) were significantly smaller than those with Glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON). The distance between Bruch's membrane opening and anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa (BMO-anterior LC) of CON was also significantly smaller than that of glaucoma. 72 cases of optic atrophy involving 127 eyes have been studied. Measurements of the cup depths and the LC depth showed ability to differentiate between CON with a glaucoma-like disc and glaucoma.
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Sanchez-Dalmau, Bernardo, Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina, Ruben Torres-Torres, et al. "Early retinal atrophy predicts long-term visual impairment after acute optic neuritis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 24, no. 9 (2017): 1196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517718628.
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Background: Visual recovery after optic neuritis (ON) used to be defined as good, although patients frequently complain of poor vision. Methods: We carried out a prospective study on 38 consecutive patients with acute ON followed monthly for 6 months and evaluated high- and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA, respectively), quality of vision (National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25)), visual fields, and retinal thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: We found significant impaired LCVA and color vision in ON eyes 6 months after acute ON, which impact on quality of life. LCVA and color vision were correlated with the thicknesses of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL; 2.5% LCVA r = 0.65 and p = 0.0001; color vision r = 0.75 and p < 0.0001) and that of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL; LCVA r = 0.43 and p = 0.0098; color vision r = 0.62 and p < 0.0001). Linear regression models that included the change in the GCIPL and pRNFL thicknesses from baseline to month 1 after onset explained 47% of the change in 2.5% LCVA and 67% of the change of color vision acuity. When adjusting for the value of visual acuity at baseline, predictors of the change in vision from baseline to month 6 achieved similar performance for all three types of vision (HCVA, LCVA, and color vision). Conclusion: Monitoring retinal atrophy by OCT within the first month after ON onset allows individuals at a high risk of residual visual impairment to be identified.
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Mühlemann, Fabian, Hilary Grabe, Anthony Fok, et al. "Homonymous hemiatrophy of ganglion cell layer from retrochiasmal lesions in the visual pathway." Neurology 94, no. 3 (2019): e323-e329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008738.
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ObjectiveTo determine the temporal evolution, morphology, and frequency of macular ganglion cell atrophy in patients with retrochiasmal lesions of the visual pathway.MethodsIn a consecutive retrospective case series, we identified 47 patients with homonymous hemianopia and accessible macular optical coherence tomography scans. We estimated the time of lesion onset and the location of the lesion within the afferent visual pathway. Using semiautomatic layer segmentation, we determined ganglion cell layer thickness in areas projecting to the side of the retrochiasmal lesion and compared it with ganglion cell layer thickness on the healthy side.ResultsWe found that retrochiasmal lesions at any level may be associated with an atrophy of ganglion cells. This atrophy respects the vertical midline through the fovea and thus the anatomic separation of the nasal and temporal visual field. The vertical line separating the affected from the unaffected side has significantly less tilt as compared with the disc–fovea angle. Lesions of the optic tract are associated with earlier macular ganglion cell atrophy than retrogeniculate lesions. Macular ganglion cell atrophy may be present in cases with normal peripapillary nerve fiber layer analysis and vice versa.ConclusionsMacular ganglion cell layer thickness shows a topographic hemiatrophy in retrochiasmal lesions, which manifests earlier for tract lesions than for retrogeniculate lesions. This additional examination of ganglion cell homonymous hemiatrophy has a higher sensitivity in detecting retrograde transsynaptic degeneration than the analysis of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer alone.
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Chandrasekharan, R., M. Thomas, and V. Rupa. "Comparative study of orbital involvement in invasive and non-invasive fungal sinusitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 2 (2011): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111003185.
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AbstractObjective:To investigate differences in orbital involvement in patients with invasive versus non-invasive fungal sinusitis.Method:One hundred consecutive cases of fungal sinusitis were assessed clinically and by computed tomography scan to evaluate orbital involvement.Results:Clinical orbital involvement was more common in invasive (73.5 per cent) than non-invasive (12.1 per cent) fungal sinusitis (p = 0.000). Computed tomography scanning showed similar orbital involvement in both groups, except for erosion of the floor of the orbit, which was more common in patients with invasive fungal sinusitis (p = 0.01). Extra-ocular muscle enlargement (44.4 vs 4 per cent, p = 0.01) and optic atrophy (44.4 vs 0 per cent, p = 0.003) were more common in chronic than acute invasive fungal sinusitis. Four patients (16 per cent) with acute invasive fungal sinusitis had no evidence of orbital involvement on scanning, despite clinical evidence of optic atrophy.Conclusion:Orbital involvement is more common in invasive than non-invasive fungal sinusitis. The difference is more evident clinically than on computed tomography scanning. Patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis may have limited evidence of orbital involvement on scanning, despite extensive clinical disease.
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Wick, Bruce, and Ronald Gall. "Refining decisions on which primary care patients to screen for glaucoma." Canadian Journal of Optometry 71, no. 5 (2009): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.71.645.
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Introduction: Glaucoma, which is often accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), causes progressive optic nerve atrophy and blindness. Among ocular structure parameters abnormalities in central corneal thickness (CCT), cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, inter-eye C/D ratio asymmetry, optic disc area, and neuro-retinal rim area (N-RRA) appear to be highly correlated with glaucoma. We compare these specific ocular structures in a group of young normal pre-presbyopic patients and in a group of patients being treated for glaucoma.
 Methods: After written informed consent, 1433 consecutive normal, and 56 consecutive patients being treated for glaucoma were assessed by including age, race, sex, IOP (NCT), C/D ratio, optic disc area, N-RRA (Optos), central center thickness (CCT), and anterior chamber depth.
 Results: Combinations of findings in CCT, C/D ratio, C/D ratio asymmetry, disc area, and N-RRA (assessed by Z-score) were present in 65.52% of patients being treated for glaucoma and 22.96% of young normal patients. For young normal patients, overall average CCT was 550.37+/-39.47µm. Overall average C/D ratio was 0.39+/-0.11. Inter-eye C/D asymmetry was 0.02+/-0.06. Overall average disc area was 2.46+/-0.49mm2 (7863.54+/1630.42 pixels). Overall average N-RRA was 1.44+/-0.35mm2 (4785.88+/1161.14 pixels). C/D ratio increased modestly with disc area increase, an increase not associated with thinning N-RRA. Thin N-RRA was associated with small optic discs that had large C/D (t=-8.21, p=0.000, DF=93). There was a significant difference between young normal patients and patients being treated for glaucoma in CCT, C/D ratio, C/D ratio asymmetry, disc area, and N-RRA.
 Conclusion: More than one in five (22.96%) young normal patients has ocular structure findings similar to those found in patients being treated for glaucoma. These results will help refine decisions on which primary eye care patient to screen for glaucoma.
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Matsuo, Toshihiko, Masato Yashiro, Osamu Yamasaki, Takehiro Tanaka, and Akira Manki. "Bilateral Optic Disc Swelling as a Plausible Common Ocular Sign of Autoinflammatory Diseases: Report of Three Patients with Blau Syndrome or Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome." Life 11, no. 12 (2021): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11121433.
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The aim of this study is to describe bilateral optic disc swelling in three consecutive patients with Blau syndrome or cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome at a single institution. Case 1 was a 30-year-old woman receiving 25 mg etanercept twice weekly who had been diagnosed as early-onset sarcoidosis by biopsy of skin rashes at 5 months old and genetically diagnosed with Blau syndrome with CARD15/NOD2 mutation (N670K) at 13 years old. At 10 years old, she began to have uveitis with optic disc swelling in both eyes, resulting in macular degeneration and optic disc atrophy at 17 years old only when etanercept was introduced. Case 2 was a 21-year-old man receiving adalimumab every 2 weeks who had been diagnosed as early-onset sarcoidosis by biopsy of skin rashes at 1.5 years old and genetically diagnosed as Blau syndrome with CARD15/NOD2 mutation (C495Y) at 5 years old. At 8 years old, around the time of adalimumab introduction, he began to show bilateral optic disc swelling which continued until the age of 16 years when the dose of adalimumab was increased. Case 3 was a 20-year-old woman receiving canakinumab every 8 weeks for systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain and later for sensorineural hearing disturbance on both sides. She had been diagnosed genetically with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome with NLRP3 mutation (Y859C) at 7 years old. At 5 years old, she was found to have bilateral optic disc swelling, which continued until the age of 10 years when she began receiving canakinumab (IL-1β inhibitor). Bilateral optic disc swelling might be tentatively designated as a plausible common ocular feature, if it occurred, in autoinflammatory diseases to pay more attention to ophthalmic complications in rare diseases.
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Melzi, L., Ma Rocca, S. Bianchi Marzoli, et al. "A longitudinal conventional and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging study of optic neuritis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 2 (2007): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506071212.
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Eleven consecutive patients with a first episode of acute optic neuritis were evaluated, using conventional and magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to assess the temporal evolution of optic nerve (ON) damage and to investigate the correlation of ON damage with visual outcome and electrophysiological parameters. Patients underwent neuro-ophthalmological, neurological, electrophysiological, and MRI assessments at baseline and after three and 12 months. ON volumes were measured on coronal T1–weighted images using a local thresholding segmentation technique. MT ratio (MTR) from the ON was derived from gradient echo images. No significant volume difference was detected between affected and healthy ON, both at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, mean MTR values were significantly higher in affected ON than in healthy ON (P = 0.001), whereas at months 3 and 12, the mean MTR values were significantly reduced in the affected ON (P = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). Mean MTR of the affected ON, corrected for healthy ON values, progressively decreased over time (P = 0.04 at month 3 and P = 0.0012 at month 12). On the contrary, MTR values of healthy ON remained stable. No correlations were found between MTR measures and clinical or electrophysiological data. This study shows the presence of subtle pathological changes, possibly due to residual demyelination and subsequent additional demyelination and impaired remyelination, in the ON of patients with a first episode of optic neuritis. In the early phase of optic neuritis, MT MRI is more sensitive than atrophy measurements in detecting disease-related changes. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 265–268. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Iqbal, Asif, Muhammad Idrees, Bilal Bashir, Mubashir Rehman, and Omer Khan Orakzai. "BILATERAL IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 06 (2014): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.06.2280.
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Objective: To find out the causes of bilateral irreversible blindness in patients of different age groups in District Swabi. Design: It is a prospective observational study of one hundred and eighty nine consecutive blind cases. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from July 2010 to June, 2012 at the Ophthalmology Department of District Headquarter Hospital, Swabi. Subjects and Methods: Informed consent was taken from the patient or guardian of the patient. Patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. A standard proforma was designed and entries were made regarding present, past and family history, thorough ocular examination of every patient was performed on slit-lamp with relevant biomicroscopic aids and posterior segment examination was conducted with direct as well as indirect ophthalmoscope. Biomicroscopy was performed as and when required. lntraocular pressure using schiotz tonometer, corneal diameters, retinoscopy and ocular mobility were noted and relevant investigations were performed when needed. Children and mentally retarded patients were examined using short general anaesthesia. Results: Of 189 patients 61.4% were males and 38.6% were females. Congenital Causes were present in 49.7% and acquired causes in 50.3%. Diseases accounted for 88.9%, trauma in 10.1% and unknown causes in 1.1% cases. Congenital diseases included congenital glaucoma in 35.1%, retinitis pigmentosa in 29.7% and albinism in 19.1% cases. Acquired diseases included primary glaucoma in 33.8%, diabetic retinopathy 23 %, secondary glaucoma in 17.5% and childhood infection in 10.8% cases. Corneal findings included corneal opacity in 31.2%, corneal edema in 4.8% and absent cornea in 7.4%. Optic nerve findings included optic atrophy in 16.4%, glaucomatous optic atrophy in 16.9%, new vessels in 9.5%. Retina findings included retinal dystrophy in 14.3%, maculopathy in 5.3%, chorioretinopathy in 0.5%, vascular retinopathy and hypopigmentation in 9.5% each respectively. Conclusions: Irreversible blindness is more common in children and young adults and mostly males are affected. Glaucoma is the commonest cause followed by retinitis pigmentosa and albinism in this study.