Academic literature on the topic 'Consecutive packet loss'

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Journal articles on the topic "Consecutive packet loss"

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Farhad, Arshad, Dae-Ho Kim, and Jae-Young Pyun. "Resource Allocation to Massive Internet of Things in LoRaWANs." Sensors 20, no. 9 (2020): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092645.

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A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) adapts the ALOHA network concept for channel access, resulting in packet collisions caused by intra- and inter-spreading factor (SF) interference. This leads to a high packet loss ratio. In LoRaWAN, each end device (ED) increments the SF after every two consecutive failed retransmissions, thus forcing the EDs to use a high SF. When numerous EDs switch to the highest SF, the network loses its advantage of orthogonality. Thus, the collision probability of the ED packets increases drastically. In this study, we propose two SF allocation schemes to enhance the packet success ratio by lowering the impact of interference. The first scheme, called the channel-adaptive SF recovery algorithm, increments or decrements the SF based on the retransmission of the ED packets, indicating the channel status in the network. The second approach allocates SF to EDs based on ED sensitivity during the initial deployment. These schemes are validated through extensive simulations by considering the channel interference in both confirmed and unconfirmed modes of LoRaWAN. Through simulation results, we show that the SFs have been adaptively applied to each ED, and the proposed schemes enhance the packet success delivery ratio as compared to the typical SF allocation schemes.
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Zheng, Jiaqi, Yuan Li, Liangliang Chen, et al. "Effects of Packet Loss on Neural Decoding Effectiveness in Wireless Transmission." Brain Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030221.

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Background: In brain–computer interfaces, neural decoding plays a central role in translating neural signals into meaningful physical actions. These signals are transmitted to processors for decoding via wired or wireless channels; however, they are often subject to data loss, commonly referred to as “packet loss”. Despite their importance, the effects of different types and degrees of packet loss on neural decoding have not yet been comprehensively studied. Understanding these effects is critical for advancing neural signal processing. Methods: This study addresses this gap by constructing four distinct packet loss models that simulate the congestion, distribution, and burst loss scenarios. Using macaque superior arm movement decoding experiments, we analyzed the effects of the aforementioned packet loss types on decoding performance across six parameters (position, velocity, and acceleration in the x and y dimensions). The performance was assessed using the R2 metric and statistical comparisons across different loss scenarios. Results: Our results indicate that sudden, consecutive packet loss significantly degraded decoding performance. For the same packet loss probability, burst loss led to the largest decrease in the R2 value. Notably, when the packet loss rate reached 10%, the decoding performance for acceleration dropped to 73% of the original R2 value. On the other hand, when the packet loss rate was within 2%, the neural signal decoding results across all packet loss models remained largely unaffected. However, as the packet loss rate increased, the impact became more pronounced. These findings highlight the varying degrees to which different packet loss models affect decoding outcomes. Conclusions: This study quantitatively evaluated the relationship between packet loss and neural decoding outcomes, highlighting the differential effects of loss patterns on decoding parameters, and it proposed some methods and devices to solve the problem of packet loss. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of resilient neural signal acquisition and processing systems capable of mitigating the impact of packet loss.
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Kim, Sung-Chan, and Moon-Seog Jun. "A Study of efficient Wireless TCP Transmission Using Consecutive Packet Loss and Zero Window Control." KIPS Transactions:PartA 13A, no. 7 (2006): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipsta.2006.13a.7.573.

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Scheuvens, Lucas, Tom Hößler, Philipp Schulz, Norman Franchi, André Barreto, and Gerhard Fettweis. "State-Aware Resource Allocation for Wireless Closed-Loop Control Systems." IEEE Transactions on Communications 69, no. 10 (2021): 6604–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3095953.

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Wireless closed-loop control is of major significance for future industrial manufacturing. However, control applications pose stringent quality of service requirements for reliable operation. Contrary to traditional ultra-reliable low-latency communications design goals such as low packet loss rates and low latency, research results in the domain of networked control systems (NCS) state that depending on the sampling period, control applications inherently tolerate a few consecutive packet losses. This translates into a better-suited metric to capture control application requirements and therefore a more conclusive design goal for wireless networks: ensuring a maximum age of information (AoI). With a Markov modeling approach, we propose to exploit the tolerance through a novel dynamic multi-connectivity scheme that we term state-aware resource allocation (SARA), which temporally negatively correlates packet losses, thus avoiding long packet loss sequences. Through statistical multiplexing, SARA enables a mean time to failure (MTTF) in the order of years while keeping the per-agent average channel usage close to one, also in a multi-agent setting with competition for resources. Compared with static dual-connectivity, the MTTF can be increased 100-fold whereas the number of required channels reduces by 40%. Our approach also statistically guarantees system-wide AoI distributions, which aid to ensure control performance.
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Chughtai, Omer, Nasreen Badruddin, Maaz Rehan, and Abid Khan. "Congestion Detection and Alleviation in Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9243019.

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Multiple traffic flows in a dense environment of a mono-sink wireless sensor network (WSN) experience congestion that leads to excessive energy consumption and severe packet loss. To address this problem, a Congestion Detection and Alleviation (CDA) mechanism has been proposed. CDA exploits the features and the characteristics of the sensor nodes and the wireless links between them to detect and alleviate node- and link-level congestion. Node-level congestion is detected by examining the buffer utilisation and the interval between the consecutive data packets. However, link-level congestion is detected through a novel procedure by determining link utilisation using back-off stage of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). CDA alleviates congestion reactively by either rerouting the data traffic to a new less congested, more energy-efficient route or bypassing the affected node/link through ripple-based search. The simulation analysis performed in ns-2.35 evaluates CDA with Congestion Avoidance through Fairness (CAF) and with No Congestion Control (NOCC) protocols. The analysis shows that CDA improves packet delivery ratio by 33% as compared to CAF and 54% as compared to NOCC. CDA also shows an improvement in throughput by 16% as compared to CAF and 36% as compared to NOCC. Additionally, it reduces End-To-End delay by 17% as compared to CAF and 38% as compared to NOCC.
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Arya darma wijaya, Arya, Elvin Andrean Theranata, and Yustian Servanda, A.Md, S.Kom, M.Kom. "Analysis of Wi-Fi Network Usage with Cellular Data Packages on Video Call Service Quality." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA) 4, no. 3 (2025): 2044–47. https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v4i3.1088.

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Abstract Video calls have now become an important part of daily activities, from personal communication to work meetings and online learning. However, the quality of video calls is highly dependent on the internet network used. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the quality of video call services when using Wi-Fi networks and cellular data packet networks. Testing was carried out by utilizing several main parameters of network quality, such as data transfer speed (throughput), data packet loss, delay, and signal interference (jitter). In addition, signal quality was also analyzed using the SINPO (Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, Overall) parameters, and signal strength was measured using the GNetTrack application. Testing was carried out using the Telegram video call application at three different times—morning, afternoon, and evening—for three consecutive days. The results of the study showed that the quality of video call services with Wi-Fi networks tends to be more stable and consistent compared to cellular data packets, especially during times of heavy internet usage. However, in conditions of a strong cellular signal, the quality of video call services can match or even approach the quality of Wi-Fi. This study concludes that network type and usage time have a significant impact on video call quality, and it is important for users to choose a network that suits environmental conditions and communication needs. Keywords: Video call, Wi-Fi, Mobile data, Network quality, SINPO, QoS
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Bhar, Jamila. "A Mac Protocol Implementation for Wireless Sensor Network." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/697153.

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IEEE 802.15.4 is an important standard for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LRWPAN). The IEEE 802.15.4 presents a flexible MAC protocol that provides good efficiency for data transmission by adapting its parameters according to characteristics of different applications. In this research work, some restrictions of this standard are explained and an improvement of traffic efficiency by optimizing MAC layer is proposed. Implementation details for several blocks of communication system are carefully modeled. The protocol implementation is done using VHDL language. The analysis gives a full understanding of the behavior of the MAC protocol with regard to backoff delay, data loss probability, congestion probability, slot effectiveness, and traffic distribution for terminals. Two ideas are proposed and tested to improve efficiency of CSMA/CA mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer. Primarily, we dynamically adjust the backoff exponent (BE) according to queue level of each node. Secondly, we vary the number of consecutive clear channel assessment (CCA) for packet transmission. We demonstrate also that slot compensation provided by the enhanced MAC protocol can greatly avoid unused slots. The results show the significant improvements expected by our approach among the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC standards. Synthesis results show also hardware performances of our proposed architecture.
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Zeng, Zhixiong, Fanguo Zeng, Xiaoteng Han, Hamza Elkhouchlaa, Qiaodong Yu, and Enli Lü. "Real-Time Monitoring of Environmental Parameters in a Commercial Gestating Sow House Using a ZigBee-Based Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11030972.

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Significant intensification in livestock farming has become prevalent to meet the increasing meat production demand, resulting in a higher density of pigs in relatively small areas in a commercial swine building. The subsequent challenges of maintaining the quality of both routine management and environmental comfort of pigs to minimize the loss of both pigs’ health and welfare can be attained by implementing autonomous monitoring and intelligent management decisions based on precision livestock farming (PLF). A three-layer wireless sensor network (WSN) based on ZigBee technology has been devised to monitor four environmental parameters in real-time, namely: temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide and ammonia in a commercial gestating sow house. The overall packet loss rate of the WSN system which reported 16,371 records from its 41 indoor slave nodes in a 10-min interval for three consecutive days was 4%. The carbon dioxide sensors had an average outlier rate of 6.5% after a series of preprocessing procedures. The spatial and temporal characteristics showed that the carbon dioxide level exceeded the limit of 2700 mg/m3 twice during both 07:00–08:00 and 14:00–15:00. Besides, the overall NH3 concentration in the swine building was maintained in a relatively low-level range with a maximum of less than 8 mg/m3. In sum, the real-time monitoring and timely intervention of microclimate in this commercial gestating sow house can be achieved by deploying this WSN system, thereby making it possible to provide an intelligent decision on precise management of livestock automatically.
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Bagchi, Debasis, Bernard Downs, Samudra Banik, et al. "Effective body recomposition vs. misconceptions of the traditional weight loss strategies: TRCAP21 - a novel technological breakthrough in body recomposition." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 12, no. 4 (2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i4.905.

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Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased an astounding 30.5% to 42.2% over the last two decades despite numerous weight loss products and programs, thus qualifying it as an epidemic. Fat is the lightest of macromolecules, the highest energy reserve of the body, and the last reservoir of survival insurance to be expended. Water, muscle, and electrolytes are diminished prior to the expenditure of fat resources, the primary cause of rapid weight loss. Contrary to popular belief that only “weight gain” is the sole and correct parameter for evaluating healthy body recomposition, there are no less than 10 additional factors that contribute to a reduction in metabolic rate and an increase in fat storage. These are mostly ignored from considerations regarding the etiology of obesity. Our laboratory developed a novel formulation of D-ribose nicotinamide, alpha glycerol phosphorylcholine and four other evidence-based botanical constituents encapsulated in a Prodosomed stimulant- and sugar-free TRCAP21 (TrimRoxTM) formulation that effectively addresses those contributing factors. To investigate the feasibility of doing a 90-day randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled investigation, we conducted a 21-day concept validation pilot study on TRCAP21 in 9 subjects to assess changes in various body parts, including chest, upper arms, waist/belly, hips, and thighs, as well as body weight. Objective: This physician-supervised 21-day concept validation pilot study on TRCAP21 was conducted on 9 subjects to determine changes in anthropometric parameters including chest, upper arms, waist/belly, hips, and thighs, as well as body weight, and determine the effect of TRCAP21 on energy, mood, satiety, and sugar cravings.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on nine male and female subjects (age: 47-70 years) to assess the efficacy of TrimRoxTM over a period of 21 consecutive days. Body weights and anthropometric measurements were conducted at the initiation and termination of the study. The effect of TRCAP21 was evaluated on energy level, mood elevation, satiety level, sugar cravings, overall health, and adverse events in the subjects.Results: The results demonstrated that all subjects experienced a reduction in size of one or more these body parts. In addition, it also led to significant improvements in mood elevation, satiety, reduced sugar cravings, elevated energy levels and overall mental and physical health. Intake of 1 packet twice a day (BID) before meals resulted in a significantly greater reduction of body measurements than consuming it once a day (OID). Surprisingly, body weight was reduced in all nine subjects from 2 lbs. to 11 lbs. The randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study is underway to confirm and further substantiate these findings. Conclusion: The TRCAP21 Prodosomed nutraceutical formulation combines the evidence-based efficacy of 6 key constituents, mostly of botanical origin, that act synergistically to restore aerobic cellular metabolism, boost energy level, mood elevation, improve satiety, reduce sugar cravings, reduce body fat in various body compartments as well as weight and improve overall health. Owing to the encapsulation of the components in unique concentric layers of liposome, their release takes place in a sustained and sequential manner. It will be worthwhile to explore its effect on the Gut-Brain Axis, especially the associated microbiome in order to obtain further insights to more accurately define the multiple mechanisms of action.Keywords: obesity, weight management, body recomposition, Aerobic body homeostasis, prodosome®, herbal nutraceuticals
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Ounjaijean, Sakaewan, Manas Kotepui, and Voravuth Somsak. "Antimalarial Activity of Tinospora baenzigeri against Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019 (September 5, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5464519.

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Plant species of the genus Tinospora (Menispermaceae) possess several pharmacological properties, and T. crispa has been reported to have antimalarial activity. T. baenzigeri (Chingcha Chalee) is a rich source of terpenes and quinoline alkaloids; however, it still has not yet been investigated the antimalarial activity of this plant extract. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of T. baenzigeri stem extract against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The aqueous crude extract of T. baenzigeri stem was prepared using a microwave-assisted method and tested for acute toxicity in mice. For evaluating the antimalarial activity in vivo, the standard 4-day test was carried out using groups of ICR mice infected with P. berghei ANKA administered orally by gavage with the extract (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days. Parasitemia, body weight, packed cell volume, and mean survival time were then measured. It was found that the aqueous crude extract of T. baenzigeri stem did not exhibit any sign of toxicity up to the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (P<0.01) inhibited parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner, with 22.02%, 50.81%, and 74.95% inhibition. Moreover, the marked prevention of body weight loss and packed cell volume reduction was observed at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg of extract-treated mice. Additionally, the extract prolonged the mean survival time of P. berghei-infected mice, compared to the untreated group. In conclusion, the aqueous crude extract of T. baenzigeri stem has demonstrated potent antimalarial activity against P. berghei-infected mice with prolonged mean survival time and prevention of body weight loss and packed cell volume reduction.
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Book chapters on the topic "Consecutive packet loss"

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Ferrandiz, Josep M., and Aurel A. Lazar. "Consecutive Loss in Real-Time Packet Traffic." In Data Communication Systems and their Performance. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88756-6.50029-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Consecutive packet loss"

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Saber, Rayan, Faisal Qahtani, Ahmed Baghdai, Souvik Sen, and Prajit Chakrabarti. "Geomechanics-Aided Successful Execution of a Challenging Build-Up Section Through Mixed Lithologies." In GOTECH. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219248-ms.

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Abstract This study presents an example of geomechanics-aided successful delivery of a challenging 4100 ft long build-up section through mixed lithologies, towards minimum horizontal stress direction. The primary challenge in the build-up sections of the studied offshore exploration field in the Middle East was the mechanical instabilities of the weak shales which contributed to extensive tighthole, pack-off, backreaming, and therefore significant non-productive times. Other associated challenges were the differential sticking tendencies in the porous sandstone layers, and partial to total loss risks within the carbonates. The optimization roadmap comprised adequate mud weight design by geomechanical modeling in the planning phase, and real-time geomechanics advisory in the execution phase. The in-depth analyses of offset wells provided critical insights regarding the commonly occurring and potential drilling hazards across various formations. The post-drill geomechanical modeling and wellbore stability analysis of offset wells, calibrated with drilling events-based observations provided a clear understanding of the collapse pressure behavior of various formations. Based on the geomechanical modeling, a safe mud weight window as well as the minimum required mud weight were recommended to tackle mechanical instabilities. Real-time monitoring of the LWD data, aided by right-time geomechanical advisory support ensured successful well delivery. The drilling and the final BHA pull-out were completed without any mechanical instability issues which annulled the requirement of consecutive reaming trips, saving additional rig days. Successful completion of the challenging build-up section parallel to the Shmin azimuth registered zero NPT with notably improved drilling performance.
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Arackakudiyil, Z. S., A. Alsadeh, A. Al-Arfaj, and S. Gray. "Pioneering Hydraulic Wet-Mate Connection in Intelligent Completions with ESP: A Case Study of 70 Successful Deployments." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4043/35860-ms.

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Abstract The operator sought a cost-effective solution to integrate intelligent completions into wells equipped with Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP), aiming to enhance reservoir management and optimize production in mature fields. The utilization of hydraulic downhole wet-mate connector technology in these wells facilitated the advantages of Intelligent Completions to manage multizone production while concurrently reducing intervention costs and operational challenges of ESP replacements. Recognizing the challenges of managing multizone production in wells with an ESP, and the complexities inherent in ESP replacements, the Intelligent Completions were equipped with a hydraulic downhole wet-mate connector. This integration allowed retrieval of the upper completion, including underperforming ESPs or safety valves, without killing the well and or necessitating the removal of Intelligent Completion system components including the zonal isolation packers and Interval control valves (ICVs). The downhole wet-mate connector enabled seamless disconnection and subsequent upper completion replacement followed by the re-establishment of connectivity to the intelligent completion hydraulic control system. This effectively restored the functionality of the ESP and safety valves, without the need for a complex workover operation. Over 70 successful and consecutive intelligent completion installations have been completed for an operator in the Middle East utilizing the hydraulic wet-mate connector. This enabled optimized production and enhanced reservoir management for these mature reservoirs requiring ESPs for artificial lift. Moreover, more than 7 ESP replacement workovers were executed flawlessly, with zero Non-Productive Time (NPT) incurred. Post-workover assessments confirm that the Intelligent completion systems maintained their full functionality. Furthermore, the wet-mate connector granted the operator flexibility in initially installing completions without an ESP. Subsequently, during a later stage of the well's life, the ESP could be installed without necessitating a comprehensive workover of the entire completion string. With the existing lower completion components remaining intact and functional, the existing ICVs were left in closed position, preventing fluid loss and providing full reservoir isolation during workover operations thus reducing health, safety and environment (HSE) exposure, saving time, and optimizing operational costs. The soft-release technology of the Hydraulic wet-mate connect provides up to eight field configurable methods of activation. This feature prevents uncontrolled movement / shocks to the upper and lower completion string during the decoupling of the wet-mate and during workover operations helping to preserve the downhole system integrity. The wet-mate connection system, run in conjunction with control line set hydraulic packers, also enables a single-trip solution that has demonstrated a reduction in installation time by 39 hours by combining the installation of upper and lower completion.
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Bozovic, Drazen, and Stevko Stefanoski. "BENEFITS OF THE EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION FOR THE BALKAN COUNTRIES - COMPARATIVE EXPERIENCES OF MONTENEGRO AND NORTH MACEDONIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.11.01.20.p03.

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Following the end of the confrontation between the former Military Blocs and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact in 1991, after four decades of existence, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) lost its ideological, political and military opponent. Initial expectations were that in such a global constellation of relations NATO would lose its sense of existence. However, as previously when Alliance faced with numerous challenges maintaining internal cohesion, from this situation came up with even stronger strategic concept, focusing on its own transformation, redefinition of its role and expanding the tasks, primarily on development of new partnerships and preventive actions in unstable and crisis areas. NATO established a new policy, relations, and an open dialogue with the former opponents. The Partnership for Peace (PfP) was created as a program aimed at cooperation and confidence building between the NATO members and other South Eastern European and former USSR countries, while countries that came after the collapse of the former Yugoslavia began their Euro-Atlantic integration processes after the end of the military conflicts in the late 1990s. Both countries that will be comparatively covered by this research are successors of the former Yugoslavia. They have had different paths and processes of independence and transition, and also their Euro-Atlantic integration processes have begun different and faced different challenges. The Republic of North Macedonia brought the decision for NATO membership in 1993, and in 1995 it joined the Partnership for Peace Program. On the other hand, Montenegro began its processes much later, after it became independent in 2006, and became a full-fledged NATO member on June 5th 2017. The Republic of North Macedonia faced a veto by a permanent NATO member over the widely known name issue and unfortunately did 46 not join NATO together with Albania and Croatia in 2009. After that, the long path to the full membership is seen to be accomplished at the beginning of 2020. Through the topic of this research by comparative method will broadly analyze all circumstances of the integration processes for both countries, while research questions will be directed to the already visible and expected benefits of euro-atlantic integrations. The particular research attention of this paper will be paid on the military and defense benefits as well as to other consecutive benefits, such as improvement of the overall security of the both countries and the region, strengthening the rule of law, economy, businesses, investments, tourism etc. Keywords: Euro-Atlantic integration, security, partnership, cooperation, benefits, stability
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Mokhlis, Mohamad Mustaqim, Mohd Ashraf Basarudin, Muhammad Firdaus Hassan, Roberto Fuenmayor, and Rajesh Trivedi. "Implementation Challenges in Automation of Gas Lift Optimization Workflow: A Case Study for Digital Fields Journey." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211151-ms.

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Abstract The oil and gas industry has evolved and embarked into the new era, it includes digitalization and cognitive computing, cyber-physical systems, and cloud computing or so-called industry revolution 4.0 or IR 4.0. This industry has been experimenting with artificial intelligence on any task that is time-consuming, requires precise results, and minimizes human error. Most of the giant operators have difficulty managing huge amounts of data that stream from the field every second. Thus, having a good workflow or system that automates the process, reliable data set, and the right people mindset is a huge game changer. These three main components are the main ingredient for digital transformation. Nevertheless, transforming the right people mindset is key for this objective to be obtained and sustained for long run. Main operator in Malaysia has urge for going digital as part of their transformation journey. By means of collaboration and pace, any operation process or standard operating procedure (SOP) should be reviewed and align with their transformation objective. Nonetheless, managing gigantic data with diverse types and sources from 43 fields is bizarre. This requires a careful plan that consumes lots of resources and effort. Bringing additional barrels with minimal cost and less effort is the key component of digital field objective. Gas lift optimization workflow is introduced as a workflow that automates the process of optimum gas lift injection rate for maximizing the production using real time data. Gas lifts are being re-distributed across all active producers based on the availability of gas lift supply to identify opportunities to improve production behavior at field level. Consecutively to accomplish this objective, a special project team is established for initiation, planning, assessment, evaluation, development, deployment, implement and lastly suitability of the digital ecosystem. Through this journey, few challenges were encountered especially when most of the fields are matured fields with lack of real time technologies and some still in analog mode. For marginal field to invest on such technologies will cost them enormous budget and not feasible for the long run. The objective of this paper will detail out the challenges raised during the project implementation. Some methodologies and strategies of how to overcome the respected challenges will be described further. This paper should be beneficial to all engineers and technologists, especially main operators that plan to take the challenges for digital transformation.
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