Journal articles: 'Consequences of aging population'

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Henripin, Jacques. "The Financial Consequences of Population Aging." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551837.

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Bo¨s, Dieter, and Robert K. von Weizsa¨cker. "Economic consequences of an aging population." European Economic Review 33, no. 2-3 (March 1989): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(89)90112-8.

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Morgan, Steve, and Jeremiah Hurley. "Health economic consequences of an aging population." Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 2, no. 2 (April 2002): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2.2.81.

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P., P., and Nations Unies. "Demographic Causes and Economic Consequences of Population Aging." Population (French Edition) 49, no. 2 (March 1994): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1534056.

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Lee, Ronald. "Population aging and its economic consequences for China." China Population and Development Studies 3, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42379-019-00040-7.

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Foot, D. K. "An Older, Wiser World: Some Economic Consequences of Population Aging." Public Policy & Aging Report 23, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ppar/23.2.31.

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Miranda, Gabriella Morais Duarte, Antonio da Cruz Gouveia Mendes, and Ana Lucia Andrade da Silva. "Population aging in Brazil: current and future social challenges and consequences." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19, no. 3 (June 2016): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150140.

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Abstract Objective: To analyze the current and future challenges related to the planning of public policies and population aging. Method: A case study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative data from secondary data information systems and interviews with actors of social policy and the country's health. Results: In 2010, there were 39 elderly persons for every 100 young people, while in 2040 there will be an estimated 153 elderly persons for every 100 young people. For those interviewed, Brazil is not prepared for the needs generated by such population aging, due to challenges such as the adequacy of the social security and health system. The growing number of elderly persons and increasing morbidity and mortality profiles worsen the heterogeneous epidemiological situation with disease, disability and sequelae that require the health system to be a continuous and multidisciplinary organization. The present study identified a reduction of beds and hospitalizations, which may reflect the improvement of primary care and quality of life, with a complexification of hospitalizations. Conclusion: With population aging and a lack of necessary support, society must be aware of the price that it must pay and the state must be prepared to provide specific policies to ensure comprehensive care, recognizing the characteristics of aging and preserving quality of life.

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Marois, Guillaume, Alain Bélanger, and Wolfgang Lutz. "Population aging, migration, and productivity in Europe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 14 (March 23, 2020): 7690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918988117.

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This paper provides a systematic, multidimensional demographic analysis of the degree to which negative economic consequences of population aging can be mitigated by changes in migration and labor-force participation. Using a microsimulation population projection model accounting for 13 individual characteristics including education and immigration-related variables, we built scenarios of future changes in labor-force participation, migration volumes, and their educational composition and speed of integration for the 28 European Union (EU) member states. We study the consequences in terms of the conventional age-dependency ratio, the labor-force dependency ratio, and the productivity-weighted labor-force dependency ratio using education as a proxy of productivity, which accounts for the fact that not all individuals are equality productive in society. The results show that in terms of the more sophisticated ratios, population aging looks less daunting than when only considering age structure. In terms of policy options, lifting labor-force participation among the general population as in Sweden, and education-selective migration if accompanied by high integration, could even improve economic dependency. On the other hand, high immigration volumes combined with both low education and integration leads to increasing economic dependency. This shows the high stakes involved with integration outcomes under high migration volumes.

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Landers-Ramos, Rian Q., and Lisa E. Custer. "Projected Metabolic Consequences of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis and the Aging Population." Current Geriatrics Reports 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13670-020-00350-6.

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Isaksson, Hanna, Peter L. Conlin, Ben Kerr, William C. Ratcliff, and Eric Libby. "The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity." Genes 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050661.

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Early multicellular organisms must gain adaptations to outcompete their unicellular ancestors, as well as other multicellular lineages. The tempo and mode of multicellular adaptation is influenced by many factors including the traits of individual cells. We consider how a fundamental aspect of cells, whether they reproduce via binary fission or budding, can affect the rate of adaptation in primitive multicellularity. We use mathematical models to study the spread of beneficial, growth rate mutations in unicellular populations and populations of multicellular filaments reproducing via binary fission or budding. Comparing populations once they reach carrying capacity, we find that the spread of mutations in multicellular budding populations is qualitatively distinct from the other populations and in general slower. Since budding and binary fission distribute age-accumulated damage differently, we consider the effects of cellular senescence. When growth rate decreases with cell age, we find that beneficial mutations can spread significantly faster in a multicellular budding population than its corresponding unicellular population or a population reproducing via binary fission. Our results demonstrate that basic aspects of the cell cycle can give rise to different rates of adaptation in multicellular organisms.

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SHUL’GIN, S. G., and Yu V. ZIN’KINA. "POPULATION AGING IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: SCENARIO PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION PRESSURE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 7 (2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.07.01.018.

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The problem of “population aging” in the countries of the first world and its expected consequences are the subject of active discussion in the scientific community. However, estimates of such effects are generally calculated at the national level for a particular country. Estimates for all countries are calculated by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, but the most commonly used “average” scenario is calculated based on a fixed and fairly small set of hypotheses and patterns. In this work, forecast scenarios of the dynamics of the demographic burden of the elderly in developed countries are calculated and analyzed in connection with the dynamics of the birth rate of these countries, as well as the dynamics of migration flows. The main goal of the work is to identify for each country the scale of the forthcoming increase in the demographic burden by the elderly and to assess how much the increase in the birth rate and the growth of migration can reduce or slow down the growth of this burden.

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Lee, Ronald D. "Macroeconomic Consequences of Population Aging in the United States: Overview of a National Academy Report." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.234.

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The US population will age rapidly for several decades and then more slowly, with less aging than most rich nations. Health of the elderly has greatly improved, but disability stagnated after 2000. Retirement age reversed its decline in the mid-1990s and health status leaves ample room for increased elder labor supply. Many older people have inadequate retirement savings and face additional risks including uncertainty about both public and private pensions and health insurance. Population aging may cause a small decline in rates of return. The main problem is the impact of population aging on public programs for the elderly.

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Pissarides, Christopher A. "Unemployment consequences of an aging population: An application of insider-outsider theory." European Economic Review 33, no. 2-3 (March 1989): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(89)90113-x.

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Arsenovic, Daniela, Branislav Djurdjev, and Andjelija Ivkov-Dzigurski. "The ageing of population in Kanjiza municipality." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 3 (2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0903103a.

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The aging of population in Vojvodina Province is one of the main political, national and economical issues. This paper presents the demographic situation in municipality of Kanjiza, researching the age structure. The aging is one of the most important demographic characteristics, which analyses the stage of development of a certain population. The consequence of low birthrate and emigrations in municipality of Kanjiza during the last 30- 40 years, is that the population in 1971. was in fourth stage of demographic development. The age structure in this paper is presented through the ageing of population, ageing index, age ratio, age group up to 20 year (young population) and age groups over 60 (old population), part of fertile and active population. .

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Jakovljevic, Mihajlo. "Population ageing alongside health care spending growth." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 9-10 (2017): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160906113j.

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The Silver Tsunami or population ageing has become a globally widespread phenomenon. The purpose of this review is to observe its dynamics and consequences from a local Balkan perspective. The main drivers of this unique demographic evolution are extended longevity, improved early childhood survival, absorption of women into the labor markets, and consequences of sexual revolution leading to falling female fertility. This process lasting well over a century is taking its toll on contemporary societies. Major side effects are shrinking young labor force and growing pool of elderly and retired citizens in many countries. This equation tends to worsen further in the future threatening long-term financial sustainability of public social and health insurance funds. Notable health expenditure growth, accelerating worldwide since the 1960s, is to a large degree attributable to ageing itself. Growing share of senior citizens increases demand for medical services and costs of health care provision. Home-based care provided by the family caregivers presents another important reality putting a huge burden on modern communities. Serbs are no exception in this landscape. Historical demographic evolution of this nation gives a clear evidence of advanced and accelerated ageing, which is well documented in post-World War II era. This synthesis of rich published evidence shows clear upward parallel trend between the pace of population aging and the growth of health expenditure. National authorities shall be forced to consider reform of the current health care financing pattern inherited from the demographic growth era. This might be the only way to smooth out the impact of population ageing on the financial sustainability of the health system and long-term medical care in Serbia.

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Cylus, Jonathan, Gemma Williams, Charles Normand, and Josep Figueras. "Economic, fiscal, and societal consequences of population aging – looming catastrophe or fake news?" Croatian Medical Journal 61, no. 2 (April 2020): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2020.61.189.

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Landers-Ramos, Rian Q., and Lisa E. Custer. "Correction to: Projected Metabolic Consequences of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis and the Aging Population." Current Geriatrics Reports 10, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13670-021-00353-x.

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Psick, Zachary, Jonathan Simon, Rebecca Brown, and Cyrus Ahalt. "Older and incarcerated: policy implications of aging prison populations." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-09-2016-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy Implications of aging prison populations. Design/methodology/approach An examination of the worldwide aging trend in prison and its implications for correctional policy, including an examination of population aging in California prisons as a case example of needed reform. Findings Prison populations worldwide are aging at an unprecedented rate, and age-related medical costs have had serious consequences for jurisdictions struggling to respond to the changes. These trends are accompanied by a growing body of evidence that old age is strongly correlated with desistance from criminal behavior, suggesting an opportunity to at least partially address the challenges of an aging prison population through early release from prison for appropriate persons. Originality/value Some policies do exist that aim to reduce the number of older, chronically ill or disabled and dying people in prison, but they have not achieved that goal on a sufficient scale. An examination of the situation in California shows that recognizing how the healthcare needs of incarcerated people change as they age – and how aging and aging-related health changes often decrease an older person’s likelihood of repeat offense – is critical to achieving effective and efficient policies and practices aimed at adequately caring for this population and reducing their numbers in prisons when appropriate.

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Ungvari, Zoltan, Stefano Tarantini, Angelia C. Kirkpatrick, Anna Csiszar, and Calin I. Prodan. "Cerebral microhemorrhages: mechanisms, consequences, and prevention." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 312, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): H1128—H1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00780.2016.

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The increasing prevalence of multifocal cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs, also known as “cerebral microbleeds”) is a significant, newly recognized problem in the aging population of the Western world. CMHs are associated with rupture of small intracerebral vessels and are thought to progressively impair neuronal function, potentially contributing to cognitive decline, geriatric psychiatric syndromes, and gait disorders. Clinical studies show that aging and hypertension significantly increase prevalence of CMHs. CMHs are also now recognized by the National Institutes of Health as a major factor in Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Moreover, the presence of CMHs is an independent risk factor for subsequent larger intracerebral hemorrhages. In this article, we review the epidemiology, detection, risk factors, clinical significance, and pathogenesis of CMHs. The potential age-related cellular mechanisms underlying the development of CMHs are discussed, with a focus on the structural determinants of microvascular fragility, age-related alterations in cerebrovascular adaptation to hypertension, the role of oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase activation, and the deleterious effects of arterial stiffening, increased pulse pressure, and impaired myogenic autoregulatory protection on the brain microvasculature. Finally, we examine potential treatments for the prevention of CMHs based on the proposed model of aging- and hypertension-dependent activation of the reactive oxygen species-matrix metalloproteinases axis, and we discuss critical questions to be addressed by future studies.

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Maslov, Alexey. "Dynamics of internal migration in China and the problem of development of the northeastern regions in 2010-2020." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.11.

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Internal migration in China is a severe problem for ensuring a balanced regional development. Although the authorities are taking active measures to rebalance the situation and creating urban megaclasters with developed infrastructure, the eastern and southeastern regions are noticeably ahead of all other China regions in terms of migration inflow. Simultaneously, the trend of outflow from the northeastern and partly northwestern and central areas remains. Regions that are "donors" of population experience a shortage of professional staff of working age. Three obvious periods of change in migration flows in the 1990-2000s show that the waves of population displacement follow the waves of economic development of the regions. And the northeastern provinces have entered the stage of long-term population outflow both in terms of absolute population size and in terms of talented professional personnel. This is superimposed on the problem of population aging, increasing budgetary expenditures for support of elderly people. Considering that it is the three northeastern provinces that are the most important region of cross-border trade with Russia, primarily with the Russian Far East, in the future, within the framework of development of the Russian-Chinese border relations, it is expedient to take into account the situation and the consequences of the outflow of both population and a number of projects to other regions of China.

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Raeside, Robert, and Hafiz T. A. Khan. "The Ageing Scottish Population: Trends, Consequences, Responses." Canadian Studies in Population 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6nc93.

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The population of Scotland is projected to decrease despite recent increases in fertility and an excess of immigrants over emigrants. The reason for the projected decline is the result of prolonged low fertility. The most immediate effect is ageing of the population. The causes and consequences of this demographic profile are discussed. To counter potential negative impacts it is recommend that the pension system be reformed, pension ages raised, healthy living and inclusion in society promoted and migration policies formed to encourage immigration of skilled people and encourage and the return of emigrants.

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Leskova, Irina V., Natalya V. Mazurina, Ekaterina A. Troshina, Dmitry N. Ermakov, Elena A. Didenko, and Lubov V. Adamskaya. "Social and medical aspects of elderly age: obesity and professional longevity." Obesity and metabolism 14, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet2017410-15.

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The article raises the problem of the population aging and the expected significant increase in the proportion of the elderly population in Russian in the next 1015 years. Population aging will cause the need to attract additional financial resources for pensions to 1214% of GDP, which is approximately 1.5 1.6 times more than is provided for by the program of the Government of Russia aimed at improving the pension System in the period until 2025. The existing pension system and social security system only partially takes into account the aging process. Mechanisms for adapting the elderly to work have not yet been created, a well-thought-out state policy in this area has yet to be developed. In addition, the aging of the population leads to an increase in the older age groups of the risks of diseases with severe and catastrophic consequences, to prevent and reduce which is the number one task before the social policy of the state for this population group. The costs of medical care and care help are exorbitant in scope for the vast majority of retirees, so the elderly remain virtually defenseless against the risks of old age. It is emphasized that before medicine the task is not simply to increase life expectancy, but to prolong the labor activity of a citizen. The article suggests measures to improve the policy of interaction between state institutions and civil society in overcoming the negative consequences of aging and social adaptation of older persons.

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Ghorbani, Alireza, Pouran Raeissi, and Mahnoosh Abdollah Milani. "Modeling the Cost of Population Aging in Iran." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 11 (March 23, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p140.

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The decline in fertility rates and the increase in life expectancy have changed the demographic structure of many countries substantially and entail long-term economic implications too. Population aging has adverse effects on countries’ economies, especially with respect to the social security system and the welfare structure.METHODS: Given the importance of the phenomenon of population aging and the increased longevity in recent decades, the present study was conducted to address the welfare implications of population aging in Iran during a span of 150 years using the Overlapping Generations (OLG) model.RESULTS: Examining the effect of reduced population growth or population aging on economic welfare, labor supply, capital assets and government expenditure during the span of 150 years suggested a decline in economic welfare in the early years; however, the rate of decline slowed down toward the end of the period; the same finding also applies to labor supply. Overall, population aging had the greatest impact on capital assets.CONCLUSION: Population aging can cause a drastic transition in consumption and saving behaviors. Labor markets can also undergo similar transitions in their labor supply and have implications for labor productivity. The combination of these changes affects economic growth and welfare. The results of the study suggest that supporting the workforce and employing the immigrant population in the labor market can help reduce the adverse consequences of the phenomenon of population aging.

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van de Straat, Vera, Veerle Buffel, and Piet Bracke. "Medicalization of Sleep Problems in an Aging Population: A Longitudinal Cross-National Study of Medication Use for Sleep Problems in Older European Adults." Journal of Aging and Health 30, no. 5 (March 15, 2017): 816–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317696775.

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Objective: The association between age and sleep problems is considered to be positive, and medication use is a common health care intervention among older individuals. Because daytime consequences are often stated as a reason to seek care, we study to what extent the medicalization of sleep problems is found in an aging European population, with a focus on daily activities. Method: Data from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used in three-level, generalized linear mixed models. Medicalization is operationalized as the use of medication for sleep problems at least once per week. Results: Men are more likely than women to use medication for sleep problems, and the process of aging is associated with a decrease in medicalization. Discussion: Sleep problems seem to be medicalized particularly when they prevent aging individuals from engaging in work-related responsibilities, as medication is especially used by employed individuals with sleep problems.

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Kotsalou, Eirini. "Polypharmacy in elderly people: epidemiology, consequences and prevention strategies." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 17, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.1.2021.226432.

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Aging is a status often associated with multiple comorbidities which require pharmacologic intervention and complex medication regimens. Aging population results to the increase of chronic diseases and subsequent comorbidities that require concomitant multiple medications. It is reported that about 80 % of elderly have at least one chronic condition, and about half of them have at least two (such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and cancer). According the literature the worldwide polypharmacy prevalence has a wide range (between 5 to 78 %) due to different definitions on the number of medications taken (ranging between 2 and 9) and the different samples studied. In most studies polypharmacy was more common between women and in more elderly people. Many multicenter studies have been performed to define the term of polypharmacy and its prevalence in the elderly population. Polypharmacy is of growing concern for the older adults, because it can be very dangerous for this population due to altered absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drugs within their body reflecting unexpected pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various medications. This fact can lead to adverse drug reactions (ADR), drug interactions, noncompliance and reduced adherence, reduced functional status, geriatric syndromes, high risk of hospitalization and possible death. Over the last decade, there are several evaluation tools which can help the General Practitioner prevent the polypharmacy in the elderly. As prescribing for this group of individuals is a very challenging procedure, the General Practitioner should balance between under-treatment, over-treatment and risks and benefits. This review concluded that we need more cross-sectional clinical studies on practical preventive interventions to be applied not only on the population which is already exposed to polypharmacy, but also to the general population.

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Szopa, Bogumiła. "The Consequences of an Ageing Population. Selected Issues." Problemy Zarzadzania 59, no. 2/1 (March 15, 2016): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.59.2.

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Gualtieri, Marie. "Title I: Modernizing Definitions and Programs Under the Administration on Aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 714–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2518.

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Abstract The recent reauthorization of the Older Americans Act adds language and definitions to current issues facing the aging population. Specifically, Title I includes definitions related to program adaptation and coordination, workforce and long-term care issues, nutrition and social isolation, as well as family caregivers. Different from the last authorization, these definitions span beyond the individual experience to include other entities impacted by an aging society, such as the workforce and families. Overall, the Title I reauthorization seeks to modernize policy to reflect the current influx of the older adult population and its consequences.

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Park, Junha. "Concept Analysis of Aging With Disability in Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1361.

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Abstract People with long-standing physical disabilities are living longer than at any time in history, owing to advancements in medical science, rehabilitation, and social systems. Approximately 12–15 million people in the U.S. are aging with long-standing disabilities that were acquired before age 40 years. This population is forecast to grow, resulting in a subset within the aging community. More research is needed to increase understanding of successful aging with disabilities, the pathways of aging with disability, and unique characteristics of the aging process. The purpose was to define and clarify the conceptual meaning of aging with disability, identify its attributes, antecedents, and consequences, and explore the significance and implications of the concept in nursing. Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis was used. Three databases, CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO were used to retrieve literature. Inclusion criteria were publication year from 2001 to 2019, peer-reviewed academic journals, and English-language. Exclusion criteria included other than physical disability such as developmental, learning, or intellectual disability, focus on the aging process of people without disability, the main topic on the perspectives of caregivers or health care providers. Thirty-five articles met inclusion criteria. The analysis identified three antecedents (e.g., contributing barriers), three attributes (e.g., premature aging), and three consequences (e.g., accommodation needs). An understanding of the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of aging with disabilities will enhance quality of care including effective prevention and communication. Findings will guide researchers in developing a framework or theory to increase understanding of aging in individuals who acquired disability early in life.

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Dobrokhleb, Valentina, and Vitaly Barsukov. "Population Aging in Russia and China: Features and Socioeconomic Risks." Level of Life of the Population of the Regions of Russia 16, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.4.3.

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The article is devoted to one of the main demographic challenges for Russia and China - population aging. In the first part of the work, the main trends in the transformation of the age structure are considered, and the conclusion is drawn about the heterogeneity of the demographic aging process in the studied countries. It was revealed that Russia, which entered the phase of population aging earlier than China, practically does not progress in terms of growth in survival rates and healthy life expectancy of the population, which is reflected in a noticeably lower rate of deepening of old age in the age structure. The aging process of the Chinese population is noticeably more balanced due to the absence of serious gender differences in mortality rates, as well as due to the significantly lower internal differentiation of regions. The second part of the article analyzes the existing and probable socio-economic risks caused by the aging of the age structure of the population of Russia and China. It has been determined that for both countries, the problem of intensive aging of the population is becoming one of the key ones. Even now, the BRICS countries (all of which, with the exception of Russia, have seen a significant increase in the share and size of the older generation) are showing a decline in economic growth. After the completion of the stage of implementation of the demographic dividend, these indicators may fall to extremely low values, which, under a certain scenario, may become a catalyst for the emergence of a new planetary economic crisis, given the contribution of the BRICS countries to the world economy (especially China). Overcoming the negative consequences of the phenomenon of population aging is possible only with the development of a systematic policy for maintaining sustainable socio-economic development in new demographic conditions

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Hecker, Louise. "Mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress in lung disease: therapeutic implications for an aging populace." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 314, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): L642—L653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00275.2017.

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The rapid expansion of the elderly population has led to the recent epidemic of age-related diseases, including increased incidence and mortality of chronic and acute lung diseases. Numerous studies have implicated aging and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases; however, despite recent advances in these fields, the specific contributions of aging and oxidative stress remain elusive. This review will discuss the consequences of aging on lung morphology and physiology, and how redox imbalance with aging contributes to lung disease susceptibility. Here, we focus on three lung diseases for which aging is a significant risk factor: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Preclinical and clinical development for redox- and senescence-altering therapeutic strategies are discussed, as well as scientific advancements that may direct current and future therapeutic development. A deeper understanding of how aging impacts normal lung function, redox balance, and injury-repair processes will inspire the development of new therapies to prevent and/or reverse age-associated pulmonary diseases, and ultimately increase health span and longevity. This review is intended to encourage basic, clinical, and translational research that will bridge knowledge gaps at the intersection of aging, oxidative stress, and lung disease to fuel the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for lung diseases that disproportionately afflict the elderly.

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Mirrlees, James A. "The economic consequences of ageing populations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1363 (December 29, 1997): 1881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0174.

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The effect of low birth rates and lengthening lives on the economy is discussed. Two extreme cases are examined: where pensions are entirely on a pay–as–you–go basis, and where they are entirely funded. It is argued that the economy would grow faster in the latter case. The impact on the levels of consumption of each age cohort during its lifetime is assessed. The possible magnitude of changes in consumption as a result of an increase in the retired part of the population is illustrated. It is shown that, comparing later cohorts to earlier cohorts, the former are better off under a funded system. An argument is then sketched showing that a pay–as–you–go system favours earlier cohorts too much; while most probably, but not certainly, a fully funded system favours the later cohorts excessively. It is claimed that a gradual introduction of partial funding, and some increase in the length of working lives, can deal with the effects of an ageing population without an excessive burden on any cohort or age–group.

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Jahangir, Arshad, Sandeep Sagar, and Andre Terzic. "Aging and cardioprotection." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 6 (December 2007): 2120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00647.2007.

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Advanced age is a strong independent predictor for death, disability, and morbidity in patients with structural heart disease. With the projected increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of age-related cardiovascular disabilities worldwide, the need to understand the biology of the aging heart, the mechanisms for age-mediated cardiac vulnerability, and the development of strategies to limit myocardial dysfunction in the elderly have never been more urgent. Experimental evidence in animal models indicate attenuation in cardioprotective pathways with aging, yet limited information is available regarding age-related changes in the human heart. Human cardiac aging generates a complex phenotype, only partially replicated in animal models. Here, we summarize current understanding of the aging heart stemming from clinical and experimental studies, and we highlight targets for protection of the vulnerable senescent myocardium. Further progress mandates assessment of human tissue to dissect specific aging-associated genomic and proteomic dynamics, and their functional consequences leading to increased susceptibility of the heart to injury, a critical step toward designing novel therapeutic interventions to limit age-related myocardial dysfunction and promote healthy aging.

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Paskulin, Lisiane Manganelli Girardi, Marinês Aires, Ana Valéria Goncalves, Carla Cristiane Becker Kottwitz, Eliane Pinheiro de Morais, and Mario Augusto Brondani. "Aging, diversity, and health: the Brazilian and the Canadian context." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 24, no. 6 (2011): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002011000600021.

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Aging is a universal and yet diverse phenomenon. This paper presents a review on the topic of diversity in the context of the aging populations in Brazil and Canada. The diversity of the aging population in both countries is discussed in terms of gender, ethnicity, age groups and living conditions while considering the impact on the health care systems. Understanding and reflecting on the Brazilian and Canadian realities reinforces the need for respecting these diversities when developing and implementing local health policies and interventions. There are some similarities regarding gender, but marked differences in immigration patterns, education and living arrangements. The heterogeneity in the aging process within each country and between them carries different expectations and generates social consequences that manifest themselves in differences in health situations, resulting in new challenges to health services and the formulation of public policies for this age group in both countries.

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Lux, André. "Roderic Beaujot. Population Change in Canada. The Challenges of Policy Adaptation. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1991, pp. 379." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 13, no. 2 (1994): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800006085.

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ABSTRACTConsidering that gerontology must study elderly persons within the wider context of society's dynamic processes, as well as with a view of policy responses, this book by Beaujot is to be recommended. Demographic processes underlying the growth of the Third Age in Canada are presented in a clear, non-technical way and their policy consequences are analysed thoroughly. All the chapters are of interest to gerontologists, but particularly chapter 2 on health and mortality, chapter 7 on aging, parts of chapter 6 dealing with an aging workforce, and of chapter 8 which is devoted to the aging of households, not to mention chapter 4 on migration, which is often considered a solution to fertility decline and aging. On most subjects differing points of view are given their fair share, and the author presents his own views and policy options.

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Дудко, K. Dudko, Щербаков, and A. Shcherbakov. "Population Ageing in Russia: Main Factors, Characteristics and Consequences." Economics 4, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18765.

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The article considers the main identifying features of the global demographic trend — population ageing. The mortality and fertility rates, the correlation between young and elderly people, migration and wars are the key factors which influence demographic ageing process. The Great Patriotic War and the socioeconomic reforms of 90th years have had the most significant impact on the demographic situation in Russia. Today, Russian pension system cannot overcome the consequences of rapid population ageing. The pension system continues to improve for increasing the financial efficiency and reducing of the tax burden on the economically active population. For above mentioned reasons the next step of innovative pension reform relates with the increase of the women’s retirement age.

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Korol, Agnieszka, and Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak. "A standard diagnostic and education procedure for nurses in recognizing the symptoms of aging man." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2017-0006.

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AbstractIntroduction. In the aging process a weakening of the multiple organ systems and endocrine system occur, which in turn, leads to male hormones deficiency – androgens release, including testosterone. It is believed that the year-to-year, women awareness of the menopausal problems increases, however, their knowledge of the consequences of menopause is still insufficient. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of the population is aware that the same problem can also affect men. Male menopause symptoms are still largely an area of social taboo subject, which is not discussed at all or very little. As a consequence, men are not informed, enlightened, and therefore also ready for the changes that are to take place in themselves and their lives.Aim. To develop a standard nurses preparation for diagnostic and education procedure concerning the aging man.Methods. The standard was created with recommendations of The European Quality Assurance Network.Results. The development of diagnostic and education procedure for nurses in the realm of identifying symptoms of male aging.

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PAŞNICU, Mihai Robert. "The link between active aging and retirement age." Annals of "Spiru Haret". Economic Series 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1442.

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The paper aims to shed light on the policies and consequences of the current retirement age in Romania. The retirement age has been repeatedly incremented in Romania in the last couple of years in order to try to compensate for the fact that the country has a low general employment rate, only 30% of the population, while having 20% of the total population aged 65+. By using an econometric model we will first prove the existence of an optimal retirement age that might vary for each and every one of us, after which we will explore different possibilities of exploiting this information in order to improve the current retirement programs. Mainly, we will look at the possible solution of eliminating the mandatory retirement age in certain work sectors through a comparison analysis.

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Sharma, Anushree, and Holly B. Hindman. "Aging: A Predisposition to Dry Eyes." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/781683.

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Dry eye syndrome is a disease of the ocular surface and tear film that is prevalent in older adults. Even though the degree of visual acuity loss in dry eye patients is commonly mild-to-moderate, in the aging population, this minimal change in visual status can lead to a significant decrease in visual function and quality of life. A healthy ocular surface is maintained by appropriate tear production and tear drainage, and deficiencies in this delicate balance can lead to dryness. In the aging eye, risk factors such as polypharmacy, androgen deficiency, decreased blink rates, and oxidative stress can predispose the patient to developing dry eye that is frequently more severe, has higher economic costs, and leads to worse consequences to the well-being of the patient. Understanding why elderly patients are at higher risk for developing dry eyes can provide insights into the diagnosis and management of the growing number of older adults struggling with dry eye and minimize the burden of disease on our aging population.

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Fonseca Travassos, Guilherme, Alexandre Bragança Coelho, and Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning. "The elderly in Brazil: demographic transition, profile, and socioeconomic condition." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 37 (October 28, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0129.

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This paper presents a revision about the elderly population in Brazil, addressing aspects of the demographic transition as it relates to socio-economic conditions and some consequences and trends associated with policies affecting Brazil’s elderly. Since a demographic transition has been occurring as a result of the aging of the Brazilian population, we identify a majority profile of Brazilian elderly as White women who live in urban areas in couple-without-children households, and possessing on average an education of 6.1 years and a smaller than minimum wage. We show that the vast majority of the elderly in Brazil receive some form of government income transfer that have a positive effect on poverty reduction in the segment. Finally, we show that there will be some future natural consequences and trends affecting the profile of the aging population, and that adjustments will need to be made by the government in terms of health and social security spending in order to mitigate the increased demands in these areas as the country's demographic change.

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Mercenier, Jean, and Marcel Mérette. "The Inter-Regional Consequences of Population Ageing in Canada." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34, no. 20 (September 2001): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)33060-4.

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Sahoo, Harihar. "Population Decline and Ageing in Japan — The Social Consequences." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 2 (2011): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x565931.

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Szente, M., and C. Susanne. "Ageing population in the developed countries: some ethical consequences." Global Bioethics 12, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11287462.1999.10800749.

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Motl, Robert W., Emerson Sebastião, Rachel E. Klaren, Edward McAuley, Elizabeth AL Stine-Morrow, and Brent Roberts. "Physical Activity and Healthy Aging with Multiple Sclerosis—Literature Review and Research Directions." US Neurology 12, no. 01 (2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2016.12.01.29.

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There is a “greying” of the population of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) that coincides with both increased life expectancy and the shifting demographic landscape worldwide. This growing cohort of older adults with MS undergoes normal age-related declines in physical and psychologic functioning that may be compounded by the disease and its progression. Little is known about predicting and managing the progression and consequences of MS in older adults. We believe that a focus on physical activity behavior represents a novel opportunity for transformative research on healthy aging with MS. The current paper reviews existing evidence on physical activity rates, correlates, consequences, and interventions among older adults with MS, and highlights important areas for future research on physical activity and health aging with MS.

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Ince Yenilmez, Meltem. "Economic and Social Consequences of Population Aging the Dilemmas and Opportunities in the Twenty-First Century." Applied Research in Quality of Life 10, no. 4 (June 14, 2014): 735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-014-9334-2.

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Radivojevic, Biljana, and Biljana Jovanovic-Gavrilovic. "Causes and consequences of low economic activity of older people in Serbia - causes and consequences." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 167 (2018): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1867573r.

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Demographic aging, as well as the situation on the Serbian labour market, have affected the changes in the age structure of the workforce. The share of active persons older than 50 years in the total labour force has increased, and the share of young people has fallen. In 2017, 27.2% of total active people are in the age group 50-64. Despite the positive trends in the period 2012-2017, the indicators of economic activity and employment of the population in these age groups in Serbia are lower, compared to the rates for the EU countries. Low activity and employment of the older people is the result of leaving the workforce before the retirement age. The poor employment opportunities for older workers meant an early exit from the workforce and their transition to inactivity. The reasons for early exit from the workforce are illness or disability too. Out of the total number of pensioners in Serbia in 2017, 17.1% were disability pensioners. Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of illness, disability and premature death (tumors and diseases of the bloodstream). In addition to the economic consequences, the low activity of the older population has numerous social consequences. Abandoning work causes marginalization and often leads to complete exclusion from social life. Therefore, stimulating the economic activity of the elderly is one of the more important goals of national policies. It implies the postponement of the retirement decision and the extension of work. Higher employment among the elderly contributes to a better balance between the active and inactive elderly population. Lifelong learning and professional development is a way to improve the position of the elderly in the labour market and increase their employment.

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Fischer, Tatjana. "Aging population in change – a crucial challenge for structurally weak rural areas in Austria." European Countryside 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2014-0002.

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AbstractBesides population decline, structurally weak rural areas in Austria face a new challenge related to demographic change: the increasing heterogeneity of their aging population. From the example of the so-called ‘best agers’ - comprising people aged 55 to 65 years - this contribution makes visible patterns and consequences of growing individualized spatial behaviour and spatial perception. Furthermore, contradictions between claims, wishes and expectations and actual engagement and commitment to their residential rural municipalities are being pointed out. These empirically-based facts are rounded off by considerations on the best agers’ future migration-behaviour and the challenges for spatial planning at the municipal level.

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Nesterova, Tatyana, Dmitry Shmarko, Konstantin Ushenin, and Olga Solovyova. "In-silico analysis of aging mechanisms of action potential remodeling in human atrial cardiomyocites." BIO Web of Conferences 22 (2020): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202201025.

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Electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes changes with aging. Agerelated ionic remodeling in cardiomyocytes may increase the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the elderly and affect the efficiency of antiarrhythmic drugs. There is the deep lack of experimental data on an action potential and transmembrane currents recorded in the healthy human cardiomyocytes of different age. Experimental data in mammals is also incomplete and often contradicting depending on the experimental conditions. In this in-silico study, we used a population of ionic models of human atrial cardiomyocytes to transfer data on the age- related ionic remodeling in atrial cardiomyocytes from canines and mice to predict possible consequences for human cardiomyocyte activity. Based on experimental data, we analyzes two hypotheses on the aging effect on the ionic currents using two age-related sets of varied model parameters and evaluated corresponding changes in action potential morphology with aging. Using the two populations of aging models, we analyzed the agedependent sensitivity of atrial cardiomyocytes to Dofetilide which is one of the antiarrhythmic drugs widely used in patients with atrial fibrillation.

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Pashina, Lyudmila. "The complexities of formation of coherent gerontological knowledge." KANT 37, no. 4 (December 2020): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-37.60.

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The article deals with one of the most pressing problems of our time - the problem of mass aging of the population, analyzes its causes and consequences. It is stated that there is an urgent need to build a universal gerontological theory that can serve as a basis for building a comprehensive state policy aimed at managing the aging process. In this connection, the author turns to the discussion of the causes of the main difficulties that arise in the construction of a unified gerontological knowledge.

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Hekmatnia, Hasan, Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri, and Ali Shamsoddini. "Comparative Study of Population Aging Trend in Iran and Poland." SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no. 1 (2021): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(1).102-116.2021.

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Population aging and its consequences are an extremely controversial issue in the global context. An increase in the number of older people along with a decrease in the birth rate leads to an excessive burden on the economically active part of the population. Such imbalances threaten to reduce the workforce, slow economic growth, increase social spending, increase the fiscal burden. Therefore, using the country’s own experience to solve the problem of rapid aging of the nation and take measures to improve the quality of life of older people and their social integration into society is insufficient, as changes in the age structure of the population may occur for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adapt the experience of other countries to address this social issue. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the aging population in Iran and Poland, as well as to assess the impact of the nation’s aging on life expectancy, fertility and gross domestic product (GDP) in these two countries. The object of the study is Poland as a representative of European countries, which is facing an increase in the number of elderly people, and Iran as a country where the age structure of the population is just beginning to change. The study period is 1950-2020. The results of the study show that there has been an increase in the elderly population, but the share of this population compared to other countries is lower. The authors of the study proved the existence of significant differences in the aging population in Poland and Iran. A feature of the demographic situation in Iran is the declining birth rate, which leads to a decrease in the total population and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. These socio-demographic transformations in the long run can have a destructive effect on Iran’s GDP. In contrast to Iran, Poland is experiencing an increase in population aging, leading to rising spending on social security and protection, as well as falling GDP. The rapid growth of the elderly population compared to the growth of the total population of the country and the increase in the share of elderly people in the coming years emphasizes the need for further planning of control over the problems associated with this population group.

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Yavorska, Victoria, Vitaliy Sych, Ihor Hevko, Inna Shorobura, and Olexandra Dolynska. "Modern Demographic Processes in Ukraine, Factors of Influence." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110005001.

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The presented article gives the analysis of the modern demographic indicators such as life expectancy, age structure and fertility rate of the population in Ukraine and their geographical differences. The aim of the research is a spatial analysis of the demographic situation to determine the development trends of the population of the regions of Ukraine. In the conditions of depopulation and gradual aging of labor force in Ukraine requirements to its qualitative characteristics, first of all a state of health and average life expectancy grow. Ukraine belongs to the countries with high intensity of depopulation processes that is caused by a number of various factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. Large-scale and protracted depopulation is now a component and one of the most pronounced manifestations of the general crisis demographic situation in Ukraine. The tendencies of influence of average life expectancy on indicators of population aging are investigated in the work. The regional analysis is carried out and territorial differences in indicators of average life expectancy and indicators of population aging are defined. The reasons for such a tense situation have been identified. The paper emphasizes that the development of really effective measures aimed at bringing the oblasts out of the deep demographic crisis and slowing down the progressive depopulation should focus not only on reducing mortality, but mainly on improving the health of the population, which can correct high mortality. These demographic trends increase global demographic asymmetry, give a special sharpness and new "sound" to the demographic problem in the global context, and, in addition, have long-term socio-economic consequences for countries with depopulation and deepening aging. In view of this, there is now a need for a comprehensive scientific understanding of the phenomenon of depopulation and assessment of its possible prospects, the development of a strategy to influence depopulation processes by means of sociodemographic policy. In our country, the study of depopulation factors, its nature and origins, analysis of the peculiarities of the deployment of depopulation and assessment of its consequences have become particularly relevant.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Consequences of aging population'

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