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1
Teba, Tarek. "The conservation of archaeological sites in Syria : Ugarit as a case study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25439.
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The conservation of cultural heritage responds to the necessities of understanding the site’s history, developments and key values. Archaeological heritage comprises tangible and intangible evidence so conservation operates equally on the two main domains, archaeology and architecture, which are inseparable and feed each other. Moreover, urban dimension is essentially included where the cultural heritage presents interesting urban settings linked to the architectural and cultural values. This thesis addresses all these important issues with the aim to identify, preserve and present the cultural values of archaeological sites in Syria, which are exceptionally rich in representing most of the Western ancient civilisations. The thesis focuses on the City of Ugarit, the capital of an important Bronze Age civilisation. The thesis aims to establish a poignant conservation concept on different scales, ranging from micro single architectural unit, the house, to the macro scale of the entire city. The study probes the ways of employing archaeology and architecture to produce conservation principles and architectural approaches for identifying, preserving and presenting the site’s cultural values. These procedures expose tangible and intangible values of the city, facilitate strong engagement of the visitors with the archaeological ruins, and simultaneously protect the original fabric from the visitation flux. The study is built upon understanding Ugarit’s archaeology, architecture and even social aspects, combining them in the analysis of each key area (Royal quarters, Domestic areas and Temples) to form well-founded interpretations and prioritise values. The proposal eventually combines all studied areas in a comprehensive narrative, which feeds the urban proposal for the whole city. In understanding the very rich and complex sites in Ugarit, a combination of in situ surveys, systematic recording, extensive analysis of literature and archaeological reports, and architectural reading of the fabric are carried out. This framework is a coherent base for the architectural intervention choices, which attempt to balance preservation implications and new materiality. Building virtual models of the proposed interventions enables the test of volumes, materiality, choices and the overall architectural experience. These models present the proposed interventions together with the original ruins. Therefore, the models are a great vehicle to transmit the reality of the conservation proposal and enhance its perception.
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Bakacak, Oya. "Critical Evaluation On Conservation Approaches In The Archaeological Site Of Perge." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608271/index.pdf.
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This thesis concentrates on evolving concepts on conservation of cultural heritage with an emphasis on archaeological sites and evaluates the realization of diverse concepts in a particular case. The study is handled in two main sections that cover theoretical study and case study. The initial conceptual section clarifies the circumstances in archaeological sites with a view to historical developments followed by current approaches at international and national level. The following section comprises the case study concerning the archaeological site of Perge studied through historical and urban evolution and investigation of excavations and interventions for evaluation of concerns for its conservation. The thesis is finalized by concluding remarks of the study as a guide for further studies for conservation issues of the ancient city of Perge.
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Aslan, Zaki M. "The design of protective structures for the conservation and presentation of archaeological sites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444449/.
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This study addresses the issue of designing protective structures at archaeological sites. Because the design of these structures often lacks an approach that collectively addresses issues of conservation, presentation, and values of an archaeological site, a better understanding of all design aspects is needed. Additionally, because designing a protective structure at an archaeological site has frequently been seen as a construction project with an immediate need, the ultimate result of a protection attempt is often an ineffective and controversial new intervention. The study catalogues and discusses various design aspects concerned, and focuses on the formulation of a "design methodology" for these structures. The aim is not to provide ready made solutions but to identify practical and effective planning guidelines for architects and site managers. The hub of this research is based on literature studies and field investigations. In the context of "protective sheltering", the research examines: 1) development and relevance of philosophies and processes in the field of heritage conservation and management, 2) previous practical examples of protective structures erected in various parts of the world, and 3) technical aspects in the fields of conservation, environmental control, and climatic architectural design. Design criteria, methods, and available means are accordingly identified to respond to site presentation and conservation requirements. Primarily, these include architectural responses to physical conditions and environmental stability at an archaeological site. Two case studies in England and Jordan were selected to further refine, test, and illustrate the design methodology. Being of different climatic, cultural, and administrative contexts, design options were accordingly devised. Assessment of climatic design options, aimed at reducing daily environmental fluctuations, helped develop the design of protective structures, which act as first lines of defence against weather conditions. To finalise design decisions, the effect of "passive" solutions, inasmuch as possible, was initially investigated. The study concludes by drawing up planning and design guidelines in this area. These are translations of the insights gained from this research into practical solutions. This is the first time that guidelines of this kind have been prepared for this interdisciplinary field of research.
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Basagac, Ozge. "Presentation Of Classical Archaeological Sites In Virtual Environment Case Studt: Sagalassos." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606471/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PRESENTATION OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
CASE STUDY: SAGALASSOS
BASAgAÇ<br>, Ö<br>zge
M.S, Department of Architecture in Restoration
Supervisor: Dr. Fuat GÖ<br>KÇ<br>E
July 2005, 123 pages
Parallel to the growing concern for the protection and presentation of archaeological sites, virtual environments (VE) are in use for visualization purposes since mid 1980&rsquo<br>s. This thesis investigates the potentials and problems of presenting a classical archaeological site in VE from the viewpoint of conservation science, to ensure the welfare of the remains. The study is handled in two sections as a conceptual part and a case study. The conceptual part, first dwells upon the history, aim and techniques of the VE presentations. This section ends with the development of criteria for the evaluation of VE presentations of classical archaeological sites. For the case study, the antique city of Sagalassos is investigated through its history, urban tissue, architecture, multidisciplinary studies and VE projects. The thesis concludes with general remarks on the presentation of classical archaeological sites in VE and proposes some solutions to improve the presentation of Sagalassos in particular.
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Cabello, Briones Cristina. "The effects of open shelters on the preservation of limestone remains at archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfefc6db-4b4f-4ef8-bff3-07795e2767fc.
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Shelters, as preventive conservation methods, have traditionally been considered a better option than leaving the site exposed. However, there has been limited research on their effect on the preservation of heritage materials and, as a result, there is no clear scientific evidence to support sheltering. This study aims to provide the first rigorous scientific assessment of the effect of lightweight, open shelters on limestone deterioration at archaeological sites. A method based on the use of low-cost environmental monitoring equipment and limestone blocks and tablets (as indicators of decay) has been developed to determine the degree of protection provided by the shelters at the Bishop' Palace (Witney, England) and Hagar Qim (Malta). Preliminary visual assessments of the field sites were followed by 12-18 month exposure trials. Temperature extremes and fluctuations, frost events, relative humidity extremes and fluctuations, NaCl crystallisation events, solar radiation, wetting events, salt content, atmospheric pollutants and dust deposition were monitored. In addition, stone decay was studied by analysing changes in weight, elasticity, surface hardness, ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface colour, moisture content and general appearance (microscopic and macroscopic pictures) in stone samples. An exhaustive assessment of the shelter at the Bishop's Palace was carried out using Chalk, Cotswold and Portland limestone blocks as well as Portland limestone tablets (specifically for studying dissolution, soiling and biological growth). Additionally, a comparative assessment of the effects of the two shelters in contrasting climatic environments, the Bishop's Palace (temperate maritime) and Hagar Qim (Mediterranean), was undertaken by monitoring Globigerina and Coralline limestone blocks simultaneously at both sites. The research has shown that lightweight, open shelters do not exclude decay completely but minimise it. However, there are some areas at higher risk of decay, i.e. top parts of the walls and the periphery. In addition, problems with the shelter design can enhance some decay mechanisms, such as biocolonisation on the periphery at the Bishop's Palace and dust deposition under the shelter at Hagar Qim. Therefore, the effectiveness of shelters should not be assumed.
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Sarikaya, Levent Yasemin. "Conservation Of Archaeological Sites In Urban Areas In Turkey: Soli-pompeiopolis As A Case Study." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610127/index.pdf.
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Urban development has long been the major threat to archaeological sites. Recent theoretical discussions advocate that archaeological sites in urban areas should be protected not only through technical solutions and archaeological studies, but also through spatial planning processes, which define basic mechanisms to direct and control the urban development.
Despite a specific type of spatial plan, the &<br>#8216<br>conservation plan&<br>#8217<br>in Turkish legislation, negative impacts of urban development on archeological sites could not be successfully eliminated. This is due to the reason that conservation and planning systems do not concern &<br>#8216<br>integration of the archaeological site with the urban built environment&<br>#8217<br>, which results in either isolation or destruction of the archaeological remains. Based on this assumption, the objective of this dissertation is to determine in which points Turkish conservation and planning systems fail to achieve integration and how this failure could be overcame.
Turkish conservation and planning systems are evaluated on selected case study area, Soli-Pompeiopolis Archaeological Site, by using three-step qualitative analysis methodology. First, conservation and planning decisions and the built environment shaped by these decisions are examined in details through process analysis. Then, based on qualities of spatial planning process redefined through theoretical discussions, &<br>#8216<br>process integration&<br>#8217<br>and &<br>#8216<br>outcome integration&<br>#8217<br>are evaluated through context analysis. Lastly, reasons of problematic issues on integration are discussed through causality analysis. Concluding the study, a discussion is carried on how to achieve &<br>#8216<br>integration of conservation of archaeological sites in urban areas into spatial planning processes&<br>#8217<br>by making modifications within the &<br>#8216<br>Turkish conservation and planning systems&<br>#8217<br>.
7
Ertosun, Isil Atiye. "Evaluation Of Protective Structures In Archaeological Sites For In Situ Conservation Of Architectural Remains And Artifacts." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614955/index.pdf.
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Artifacts are moved to museums after the excavations in order to provide an
indoor protection, while the immovable findings remain exposed to
environmental conditions and human activity. In order to conserve these
architectural remains made of vulnerable material, mosaics and wall paintings in
situ, covering structures are designed offering temporary or long-term
sheltering, preserving and exhibiting facilities. The aim of the study is to
evaluate these protective structures. In this study, national and international
approaches in the conservation of archaeological sites are studied in order to
form the theoretical framework. Following the theoretical research, problems
facing excavation sites, in situ conservation, interventions and the presentation
of the archaeological sites are studied. New building in an archaeological site is
discussed in architectural and conservation perspectives and evaluation criteria
are defined. Selected cases are studied according to their material selection,
functional and physical efficiency, compatibility with the remaining and its urban
context in terms of the determined principles. The study is concluded with the
general remarks for a new protective structure for the preservation and
presentation of the architectural remains in an archaeological site.
8
Keane, Eugene. "Protected area system planning and the conservation of archaeological sites : a critique and case study of Ireland." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8398/.
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Gann, Rick. "Blue River archaeological district management plan." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722792.
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This paper is an archaeological. resources management plan for a proposed archaeological district in Henry County which encompasses four sites known to be significant: New Castle (12Hn-1), Commissary (12-Hn-2), Van Nuys (12-Hn-25), and Hesher (12Hn-298). Information is provided about previous e::cavations at each of the sites as well as details regarding the location, natural setting, and cultural history of each site. Research questions are outlined. The core of the plan relates to niiariagernent of the resources including suggestions regarding future uses and protection. Finally, completed National Register of Historic Places Registration Forms for the incorporation of the four archaeological sites into a single archaeological district are attached.<br>Department of Anthropology
10
Leech, Steven. "Echoes from the recent past : an archaeological ethnography of historic Cold War radar sites in the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/echoes-from-the-recent-past-an-archaeological-ethnography-of-historic-cold-war-radar-sites-in-the-uk(39f78976-c8ec-40c8-835f-242b76d59792).html.
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This thesis is an archaeological and ethnographic exploration of historic military sites associated with the Cold War. It takes a multi-sited approach to former radar installations in the UK and examines the range of meanings and values that surround them, as well as their mediation, management and curation in the contemporary landscape. This thesis provides a detailed study of a range of related (although not necessarily overlapping) practices, which have accumulated around these places since the 1990s. Much has been written about the ruined-aesthetic of abandoned military sites. Moreover, conservation professionals have undertaken extensive research and granted heritage status to a number of key sites. However, little academic research has been carried out concerning the contemporary social life of former military installations. Furthermore, despite valuable archaeological research concerning the character and form of Cold War historic sites, little attention has been given to the ways in which they are involved in the production of ideas surrounding the Cold War and Cold War heritage in the present; this thesis aims to cover both of these issues. Each of the main chapters in this thesis focuses on a particular set of practices or relationships surrounding historic radar sites, which have been treated in a relatively sporadic and uneven fashion â some have been demolished, others left in ruination and limbo, whereas as a few have been designated as nationally important heritage sites. Therefore, a number of heritage and memory practices are covered, including conservation management, militarisation and nostalgia, as well as the museumification of Cold War sites and objects and the (often) disparate memory practices of former radar veterans. Principally, the analysis in this thesis focuses on extensive ethnographic research undertaken by the author at a number of sites in the UK. This includes semi-structured interviews, participant observation and archival research undertaken in England and Scotland. The key case-studies are the listed and scheduled monuments at RAF Neatishead in Norfolk; the Air Defence Radar Museum, which is located on the same site; and a former early warning site at Saxa Vord in Unst, Shetland. Research conducted at a number of other Cold War sites and museums is also discussed. The principal aim of this thesis is to contribute a set of nuanced and detailed accounts surrounding the archaeology and heritage of the recent past. The Cold War was a varied and complex phenomenon â one which is much debated. Manifold legacies of the Cold War also continue to shape and influence the contemporary world. In a similar manner, concepts and practices surrounding heritage and memory are widely studied, but remain slippery and resist straightforward interpretation. Therefore, the complexities surrounding these phenomena are magnified when they are combined in the present through the notion of Cold War heritage. In order to add some specificity to these related issues, this thesis focuses on two main questions (which are really two-sides of the same coin): what kind of heritage emerges in relation to historic Cold War radar sites? And, what kind of Cold War is produced in the context of heritage and memory practices? Throughout the thesis, it is argued that the Cold War is an uneven, complex and occasionally difficult heritage to deal with in the UK. Mostly, this relates to practical problems such as the complexities surrounding the ownership of former military sites, as well as a number of other conceptual and philosophical issues. For example, in the context of designation and management, this emerges as a tension between the idea of the Cold War as avant-garde heritage and modern conservation principles that underpin contemporary heritage management practices. Furthermore, the emphasis placed on materiality, place and continuity in heritage and memory practices are also brought into relief. At times, these are shown to be complicated by the (at times) elusive, unpredictable and uncertain character of the Cold War in the present. Using radar sites as a microcosm, it is argued that former Cold War sites are seldom the product of coherent or unified approaches to heritage and memory. Instead, they are often at the centre of a variety of converging, conflicting and confounding agendas. Practices surrounding radar sites also present a number of ethical and political challenges. Moreover, it is also argued that radar sites, despite their billing as Cold War heritage, cannot simply be reduced or collapsed into the concept of the Cold War. Nonetheless, the author argues that this kind of fragmentation and complexity might form the basis of a more comprehensive approach to the Cold War and the recent past in the present. Therefore, in the conclusions to this thesis, the author presents a number of avenues for future research and examines the implications of his findings.
11
Sandes, Caroline A. "The conservation and preservation of 'fragmentary' archaeological sites in modern urban contexts : post-war redevelopment in London, Berlin and Beirut." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445345/.
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This research is concerned with the conservation of fragmentary archaeological features in the modem city particularly within the context of the social and architectural trauma associated with post-war redevelopment. This site type is generally represented by building foundations and architectural ruins, stretches of town wall and other such masonry remains that have been conserved in isolation, as opposed to being integrated into later buildings. The research issues that are examined in this thesis are, what were the initial reasons for conserving individual sites, and what function do these sites actually serve once they have been conserved The broader issue of the political, socio-cultural and academic values of conserved fragmentary archaeological remains in the modem city will also be examined. The historic cities of London, Berlin and Beirut offer three very different scenarios of post war redevelopment: London after World War II was victorious Berlin was not, and was subsequently divided between two very different political regimes before being reunited after the Cold War Beirut was also physically and socio-politically divided but as a consequence of fifteen years of civil war. Taken together, the post-war redevelopment in these three cities, and the differing treatment of archaeological remains within that context, provide a broad and contrasting range of the social, political, cultural and academic concerns of conservation since 1945. By examining such archaeological sites during such times of heightened need and greater awareness - this research aims to identify the specific reasoning behind the conservation of such sites in cities generally, and how their values may be best promoted in their conservation and in their display.
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Helton, Erin King. "Archaeological Site Vulnerability Modeling for Cultural Resources Management Based on Historic Aerial Photogrammetry and LiDAR." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804925/.
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GIS has been utilized in cultural resources management for decades, yet its application has been largely isolated to predicting the occurrence of archaeological sites. Federal and State agencies are required to protect archaeological sites that are discovered on their lands, but their resources and personnel are very limited. A new methodology is evaluated that uses modern light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and historic aerial photogrammetry to create digital terrain models (DTMs) capable of identifying sites that are most at risk of damage from changes in terrain. Results revealed that photogrammetric modeling of historic aerial imagery, with limitations, can be a useful decision making tool for cultural resources managers to prioritize conservation and monitoring efforts. An attempt to identify key environmental factors that would be indicative of future topographic changes did not reveal conclusive results. However, the methodology proposed has the potential to add an affordable temporal dimension to future digital terrain modeling and land management. Furthermore, the methods have global applicability because they can be utilized in any region with an arid environment.
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Bailey, Charlene Anne Beaty. "Public interpretation of historic archaeology at historic sites in eastern United States." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865967.
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Fourteen historic sites in the Eastern United States were evaluated for ways archaeological evidence was used in the development of living history, public education, and other interpretive programs. A wide range of sites, such as outdoor living history museum villages, active urban public archaeology programs, sites associated with well-known archaeologists, and sites where the author had personal experience, were studied.Techniques used to interpret archaeological resources to the public were identified to ascertain which were found to be the most effective in spreading the word about preservation and conservation. Technological advances have expanded interpretive possibilities and allowed innovations not thought possible ten years ago. These advances will continue, and archaeologists will need to stay abreast of innovative techniques in public interpretation in spite of excitement or trepidation. This study may serve as guidelines for museums wishing to establish innovative, but low-budget, interpretive programs.<br>Department of Anthropology
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Vasconcelos, Mara Lúcia Carrett de. "Artefatos em ferro de origem terrestre : um estudo de caso sobre a interface entre pesquisa arqueológica e conservação no sítio Charqueada Santa Bárbara, Pelotas, RS, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3212.
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The current state of degradation of most archaeological collections has compromised the
research and protection of this heritage. To respond to these problems, some initiatives that
seek to modify the current practices of preservation of archaeological collections are
emerging, as the fieldwork in the Charqueada Santa Barbara archaeological site ( Pelotas, RS,
Brazil ), linked to the research project Pampa Negro: Arqueologia da Escravidão na Região
Sul do Rio Grande do Sul (1780-1888), which has brought together a multidisciplinary team
to talk about the praxis of each area and to think of appropriate solutions for the better
management and protection of archaeological collections. In the context of the conservation,
protocols for preventive and curative intervention of different types of materials were
developed and tested in field and laboratory. Among the types of material recovered in the
excavation, metal objects, especially iron, are those most susceptible to deterioration due to
the process of recovery and to the speed at which the corrosive processes occur as well as the
complexity of the products resulting from these. In this context, the aim of this study was to
analyze, from a study of the interface between conservation and archeology, how the
conservation procedures performed in the field and laboratory in the ferrous artifacts
contributed to the preservation of archaeological collections. It was expected to verify which
interventions enable a better conservation of archaeological origin and of the associated
information material culture, and disseminate the need for greater integration between the
experts related to the safeguard of the archaeological heritage areas. It was concluded that
conservation practices directly assist in the preservation of archaeological collections in its
material, documentary and symbolic aspects. Therefore, the conservator has become more of a manager of these collections, in a performance that, increasingly, is turning into an agent
crucial to the management of the archaeological heritage.<br>O estado atual de degradação de grande parte dos acervos arqueológicos tem comprometido
as pesquisas e a salvaguarda destes bens. Destas problemáticas vêm surgindo iniciativas que
buscam a modificação das práticas atuais de preservação dos acervos arqueológicos, como o
trabalho de campo do sítio Charqueada Santa Bárbara (Pelotas, RS, Brasil), vinculado ao
projeto O Pampa Negro: Arqueologia da Escravidão na Região Meridional do Rio Grande
do Sul (1780-1888), que reuniu uma equipe multidisciplinar a fim de dialogar a respeito da
práxis de cada área e pensar de forma conjunta soluções adequadas para um melhor
gerenciamento e salvaguarda dos acervos arqueológicos. No âmbito da conservação, foram
elaborados e testados em campo e em laboratório protocolos de intervenção preventiva e
curativa para distintos materiais. Dentre os materiais recuperados na escavação, os objetos
metálicos, em especial os de ferro, estão entre aqueles mais suscetíveis à deterioração
decorrente deste processo, em função da velocidade em que ocorrem os processos corrosivos
e da complexidade destes. Neste contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar, a partir
de um estudo da interface entre Conservação e Arqueologia, de que forma os procedimentos
de conservação realizados em campo e em laboratório nos artefatos em ferro contribuíram
para a preservação dos acervos arqueológicos. Almejou-se verificar as intervenções que
possibilitam a melhor conservação da cultura material de origem arqueológica e da
informação associada, e difundir a necessidade de uma maior integração entre os especialistas
das áreas relacionadas à salvaguarda do patrimônio arqueológico. Concluiu-se que as práticas
de conservação auxiliam diretamente na preservação dos acervos arqueológicos, em suas
instâncias material, documental e simbólica. O conservador vem se configurando, portanto,
como mais um gestor destes bens, em uma atuação que, cada vez mais, se torna indispensável
ao gerenciamento do patrimônio arqueológico.
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Urtane, Mara. "Landscape of archaeological sites in Latvia /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5828-5.pdf.
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Lancaster, Stephen. "Invertebrate faunalturbation of archaeological sites : assessing the impact on archaeological stratigraphy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25423.
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The stratigraphy of an archaeological site is fundamental to the understanding of that site's history of occupation, use and abandonment. Archaeological stratigraphy is subject to a variety of post-depositional processes that may damage or destroy this stratigraphy. This work focuses on one such process, faunalturbation, i.e. the process of mixing by animals. The effects of the invertebrate soil mesofauna, in particular earthworms, were studied in this work. Three archaeological sites were investigated using faunal surveys, thin section micromorphology, 137CS profiling, field recording and determinations of pH, loss on ignition, bulk density and particle size distribution. This study views faunalturbation as a system and attempts to delineate and confirm the relationships within that study. The results demonstrate that soil properties such as loss on ignition and pH have some effect on the populations of soil invertebrates and on the intensity and distribution of faunalturbation, but that there are likely to be other factors which also have a significant influence. Two models of the possible impact that invertebrate faunalturbation has on archaeological stratigraphy are advanced and tested, with one being found to be more accurate. This model posits that the most rapid and complete impact on archaeological stratigraphy is found to occur in the uppermost region of an archaeological site, with significant but lesser impact occurring more slowly in the deeper part of an archaeological site. Where a site has accumulated in an episodic fashion, there may be zones at depth within an archaeological site which have had all stratigraphic units completely reworked by invertebrate faunalturbation.
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Deckers, Katleen. "Cypriot archaeological sites in the landscape : an alluvial geo-archaeological approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23324.
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Only little geo-archaeological work has been undertaken on Cyprus since Vita-Finzi (1969) developed the two-tiered model for landscape evolution in the Mediterranean. However, a new more differentiated, better dated model is necessarily for Cyprus. Understanding the limitations geologic processes impose on the archaeological record is imperative for gaining insight in settlement patterns. Moreover, the alluvial archive on Cyprus also indirectly contains a hitherto unexplored variety of information on human impact on the landscape, climatic evolution, earthquakes and sea level changes. In a first part of the thesis, a hypothesis for landscape evolution is built, based on a study of literature on several variables that shaped the landscape on Cyprus: climate, sea-level, tectonic history and humans (subsistence economy, metallurgical activities and settlement history). It is concluded that the following periods are marked by a combination of factors favouring alluviation: the landnam of the Neolithic period, the Chalcolithic period, the Late Bronze Age, the Late Hellenistic and Roman period, the Frankish period and the Venetian period. In a second part, this hypothesis is tested through geo-archaeological fieldwork and laboratory sediment investigations. The fieldwork was carried out in Western Cyprus (Paphos Area) on river terraces of the Stavros-tis-Psokas, Dhiarizzos, Ezousas and Xeropotamos. The laboratory investigations consist of loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility, pH, lithological identification, clast shape analysis and particle size analysis. The crux of this thesis is establishing an alluvial chronology. Besides typology and stratigraphy, a relatively new method of optically stimulated luminescence dating on 8 sediments and a thermoluminescence dating application on about 80 sherds is applied. Evidence was found of Early Prehistoric alluviation. Furthermore, alluviam from or post-dating the Iron Age, the Hellenistic and Roman period, the Byzantine period, the Frankish period, the Venetian period and Ottoman period was found. Subsequently, the landscape model is compared with the landscape development hypothesis based on the literature study and with the alluvial record from surrounding countries. As a consequence of this research, the causality of erosion and alluvation in Cyprus is better understood. Subsequently, the implications for the archaeological record are broadly discussed. Topics as archaeological settlements in the Cypriot landscape, impact of the environment on Cypriot humans and impact of humans on the environment are thoroughly explored. The Western Cypriot alluvial data indicate that site visibility at the modern surface is neither a reliable, nor a complete indication of what might still be present in the archaeological record.
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Carey, Christopher James. "Geochemical survey and metalworking on archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439864.
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Coleman, Dwight F. "Archaeological oceanography of inundated coastal prehistoric sites /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3115624.
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Archer, John. "Conservation of archaeological artefacts by thermal methods." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294071.
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DEL, BONO ELISA M. "ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION RECORDS: DRAWING UPON MUSEUM AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION RECORDING MODELS." The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555241.
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Meats, Christopher Edward. "Use of ground probing radar on archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296924.
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Timoney, Steven M. "Presenting archaeological sites to the public in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/801/.
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This thesis is an exploration of the nature of archaeological sites presented to the public in Scotland through an analysis of five case studies. The project utilises qualitative in-depth interviews, an approach that, although well recognised in other social sciences, has been little-used in archaeology. For this project, semi-structured recorded interviews were undertaken with participants at the sites, which were subsequently transcribed and analysed using QSR NVivo software. This approach, the rationales behind using it, and benefits for research in public archaeology, will be discussed in detail. This will be followed by an in-depth analysis of the roles and significances of archaeology, the ways it influences and is influenced by perceptions of the past, and the values placed upon it. The essence of the thesis will then focus on the in-depth analysis of the case studies. Backgrounds will be given to each of the sites, providing a framework from which extracts of interviews will be used to elucidate on themes and ideas of participant discussions. This approach allows for the real, lived experiences of respondents to be relayed, and direct quotations will be used to provide a greater context for discussions. This will reflect a number of recurring themes, which developed during interviews, both within sites and across sites. The interviews will also reflect the individual roles and functions of archaeological sites for the public, and the often idiosyncratic nature of participant engagements with archaeology. The information and insights gained from this research will then be considered with regard to potential impacts on the presentation of archaeological sites to the public in general. Themes and ideas which are developed in the case study chapters will be discussed in more detail, before suggestions for changes to the ways archaeological sites are presented are made. Finally, specific suggestions for changing approaches to the case study sites will be considered.
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Wells, Kathleen. "Correlation of archaeological sites and soil phase criteria." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/562768.
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Archaeologists have often speculated about the role of soil in the selection of prehistoricarchaeological site locations. These locations may be temporary or permanent settlements as well as isolated finds resulting from transient activities such as hunting. As an ecological factor, it would seem evident that soil played some part in the decision-making process. A review of recent literature reveals limited studies in this area. Several different approaches to the problem have been attempted. Recent research in the Central Indiana Wabash and Maumee drainages has been used develop a predictive model for this selection process based on the location of 890 sites on specific soils. The model has been tested with additional sites from various counties throughout Southern Indiana.The predictive model is based on the percentage of the original 890 sites which were located on each soil and on the resulting probability of finding additional sites on similar soils. The percentage of sites on each soil drainage class from the very poor to the excessively drained classes creates a curve similar to a normal curve. The test sites from the southern part of Indiana create a similar curve.<br>Department of Anthropology
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February, Edmund Carl. "Climatic reconstruction using wood charcoal from archaeological sites." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19516.
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Bibliography: pages 87-98.<br>This thesis assesses the feasibility of using wood charcoal from archaeological sites as a palaeoclimatic indicator. Three techniques are described: (i) charcoal identification from Xylem Anatomy. (ii) Ecologically Diagnostic Xylem Analysis and (iii) stable carbon isotope analysis on wood charcoal. The first is a well established method of environmental reconstruction. This is the first systematic application of Ecologically Diagnostic Analysis and the first application of stable carbon isotope analysis on wood charcoal. Charcoal identification shows that the most common woody species at Elands Bay today are also evident in the archaeological record over the last 4000 years, indicating a relatively stable plant community composition. Previous studies of wood anatomy have shown that there are links between vessel size, vessel number and climate. This study demonstrates that the wood anatomy of Rhus is not simply related to climatic factors, necessitating the employment of a wide range of statistical analytical techniques to identify climatic signals. In contrast, the anatomy of Diospyros shows strong correlations with temperature. Factor analysis of anatomical parameters of charcoal from Elands Bay archaeological sites indicates that there have been temperature changes over the last 4000 years. Stable carbon isotope ratios (¹³C/¹²C) of plants have been found to be a useful indicator of water use efficiency; plants in drier habitats exhibit more positive values than their more mesic relatives. The results of an isotopic analysis on modern wood charcoal show that ¹³C/¹²C ratios can be related to temperature and rainfall. The climatic component of the range in variation of ¹³C/¹²C in the archaeological record is not as easy to identify due to increased use of fossil fuels since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Indications are that wood charcoal does carry a climatic signal. A larger sample from more areas may give more dependable results.
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Pastorelli, Gianluca <1975>. "Archaeological Baltic amber: degradation mechanisms and conservation measures." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2259/.
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The aim of this project was to achieve a deep understanding of the mechanisms by
which Baltic amber degrades, in order to develop techniques for preventive
conservation of archaeological amber objects belonging to the National Museum of
Denmark’s collections.
To examine deterioration of Baltic amber, a starting point was to identify and monitor
surface and bulk properties which are affected during degradation.
The way to operate consisted of the use of accelerated ageing to initiate degradation
of raw Baltic amber samples in different conditions of relative humidity, oxygen
exposure or pH and, successively, of the use of non/micro-destructive techniques to
identify and quantify changes in visual, chemical and structural properties.
A large piece of raw Baltic amber was used to prepare several test samples for two
different kinds of accelerated ageing: thermal-ageing and photo-ageing.
During the ageing, amber samples were regularly examined through several analytical
techniques related to different information: appearance/colour change by visual
examination, photography and colorimetry; chemical change by infrared
spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis; rate of oxidation by
oxygen measurement; qualitative analysis of released volatiles by gas
chromatography – mass spectrometry.
The obtained results were analysed through both critical evaluation and statistical
study.
After the interpretation of the achieved data, the main relations between amber and
environmental factors during the degradation process became clearer and it was
possible to identify the major pathways by which amber degrades, such as hydrolysis
of esters into alcohols and carboxylic acids, thermal-oxidation and photo-oxidation of
terpenoid components, depolymerisation and decomposition of the chemical structure.
At the end it was possible to suggest a preventive conservation strategy based on the
control of climatic, atmospheric and lighting parameters in the environment where
Baltic amber objects are stored and displayed.
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Pace, Anthony. "Sustainability in the management of archaeological monuments and sites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610003.
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Lee, Hwa Jong. "Archaeological resource management in South Korea : developing a holistic management planning model for buried archaeological sites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046267/.
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As the standard of living rose in South Korea a wider range of people became interested in archaeological heritage and its management. Specifically, since the 1990s, rescue archaeology became an issue of wider social concern: there was a paradigm shift from simply the protection of archaeological sites, under pressure from development, to the use of sites as a social resource. This transformation presented a number of challenges regarding unexcavated archaeological sites in the planning process, decision-making on preservation in-situ (as opposed to ‘preservation by record’), and the nature of display or reburial. This research aimed to develop a management planning model to face these challenges. The research focused on archaeological sites, partly because of their ability to engage social issues in contemporary South Korea, and partly because of the complexity of managing the resource, due to the ‘invisibility’ of unexcavated archaeology and the often fragile nature of the remains. In order to build this model, the research explored international theories and approaches, and set these within the context of South Korean Archaeological Resource Management, to produce an intellectual framework. The research explores four broad topics – who, why, what, and how – through complex issues such as identity, ownership, participation, assessment, conservation/protection, interpretation and presentation. The model involves principles for management (including participatory planning, transparent assessment of values, and defined management strategies). This leads to a road map for planning: Stage 1 (Identifying) explores activities such as team building, documentation and vision, under the principle of participatory planning; Stage 2 (Assessment) approaches the assessment of values and significance, and the role of decision-making and governance, using principles of transparency; Stage 3 (Responding) develops approaches to creating management strategies, specific to time and spatial scales; and Stage 4 (Reviewing and Revision) investigates the processes of monitoring and review, within a flexible framework.
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Nguyen, Duc Thanh. "Study on conservation of archaeological waterlogged wood in Vietnam." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232490.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第21277号<br>農博第2293号<br>新制||農||1062(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H30||N5141(農学部図書室)<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 杉山 淳司, 教授 吉村 剛, 教授 渡邊 隆司, 教授 高妻 洋成<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Zak, Jacqueline Irene. "Boundaries and trading zones between conservation and archaeological practice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445966/.
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Although archaeologists and conservators share an interest in preserving the past, the exchange of knowledge between them, particularly in terrestrial, pre-colonial archaeology in the US, is still relatively uncommon. The research presented in this thesis specifically addresses how this divide was created, as well as how it is perpetuated. Perhaps more importantly, the research identifies points of intersection between these disciplines that provide opportunities for "trading zones" of knowledge. The research is based on the premise that a profession defines itself through a shared understanding of the history, values, knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function within it. Although this understanding may vary locally and individually, professional identities are shaped through the performance of practice, and differences in professional practice may become most visible during informal interaction in everyday activities and in more formal settings such as conferences and meetings. Another premise of the research is that disciplinary values can be viewed through elements of a profession's material culture, such as its literature. To identify the boundaries and potential trading zones between the disciplines of conservation and archaeology, the research strategy mixed qualitative and quantitative ethnographic methods. Activities of conservators and archaeologists were observed at three archaeological sites from 2003 to 2005 - one site in Southwest Asia, another in the Mediterranean region, and one in the US. These data were supplemented with observations of activities at professional conferences of archaeologists and conservators during the same time period, as well as a review of articles from two peer-reviewed journals from each discipline published in 2004. Quantitative data were gathered from the journal texts and transcripts of audio and video recordings of activities on site and at conferences. Since a theme of risk emerged early in the research, this theme was used as a lens through which to identify issues of importance to both disciplines. Transcripts and journal texts were analysed against a list of "risk concepts", and frequencies and contexts of these concepts were compared within and between disciplines. Results of the quantitative analysis pointed toward issues of importance in the qualitative data, and revealed that a primary boundary and potential trading zone between the disciplines involved interpretation. Furthermore, the results indicated that, as for archaeology, interpretation for archaeological conservation begins during excavation, making work together on site essential for sharing knowledge and enabling collaboration.
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Brown, Kevin M. "Pluralistic contextual approach for the interpretation of Egyptian archaeological sites." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54532/.
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In the early part of the 20th Century Egyptologists were often on the cutting edge of archaeological practice, but in the latter part of the century, Egyptology had seemingly fallen behind other areas of the world in regard to methodology and archaeological theory. A historical survey covering not just the development of Egyptology, but also of archaeological theory is provided to support this contention. This dissertation then reviews this situation and seeks to remedy it by providing a theoretical methodology for interpreting Egyptian sites. Instead of selecting either processualism or post-processualism or holistic explanations as a sole theoretical model, the question is ask and answered as to what kind of theoretical methodology should be developed for use in Egypt. The Pluralistic Contextual Approach is introduced, which builds on the interpretive works scholars such as Lynn Meskell and Stuart Tyson Smith. It features the use and interplay of textual, artistic/representational, archaeological data sets which are then examined through an integrated, mutually supporting theoretical structure drawn from both processualism and post-processualism to provide interpretive insights into Egyptian culture. Two Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BC) sites, Kahun and Buhen, were chosen as case studies. These case studies were not intended to be full reinterpretations of the sites, but rather to demonstrate the interpretive value of the Pluralistic Contextual Approach. The case studies focus on interpretations of social class at these sites using this methodology, thus providing indications of class relations and hierarchies in Middle Kingdom Egypt.
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Jones, Hafwen M. "Contemporary soil erosion and the potential destruction of archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288022.
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Keepax, Carole A. "Charcoal analysis, with particular reference to archaeological sites in Britain." Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398865.
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In this thesis, data from 232 archaeological sites in England, Scotland and Wales are used to build the foundations of a standard methodology for charcoal identification and interpretation. Sampling methods are examined, including sample selection, recovery, sample size, fragment size, and their effects on results. A computer key for native woody plants (and some introduced species) was constructed to aid identification of archaeological charcoals. Thirty-one taxa were identified from the sites studied. Results are compared by histograms, presence analysis and multivarlate analysis. The broad pattern is found to display little variation in relation to archaeological period or context type. Quercus sp, Rosaceae (subfamily Pomoldeae), Corylus sp, Prunus sp, and Fraxinus ap are the five most common taxa on the majority of sites. The relationship of this finding to anthropogenic factors is discussed. Compared to pollen or molluscan analysis, charcoal is shown to be insensitive to changes in woodland distribution and type. There are, however, indications of environmental effects in the occurrence of some less commonly recorded taxa (e.g. Rhamnus sp and Calluna sp) and in the overall results from a number of sites. Temporal and spatial distributions of Fagus sp, Acer sp, Carpinus sp, Pinus sp, Tilia sp and others are considered in relation to their known history and ecology. This illustrates the value of large-scale charcoal evidence in helping to reconstruct woodland history. The importance of these findings to the interpretation of individual results is considered in terms of a fuel selection: availability hypothesis. This, for example, suggests a possible reason for the lime decline. Multi-faceted analysis of taxa identified, charcoal concentration, the number of fragments identified per taxon and the proportion of twiggy material present is shown to be a potential means of characterising deposits, and one which also promises to yield further information in the future.
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Abdulkariem, Ahmad A. Farag. "Factors of deterioration of the archaeological sites and protection methods in the archaeological site of Cyrene (Shahat)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16021.
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This thesis examines the factors of deterioration of the archaeological sites in Cyrene. Cyrene is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world, and since 1982 has been on the list of World Heritage Sites, meeting criteria (ii), (iii) and (vi) of the World Heritage List (WHL), relating to human civilization values, aesthetic importance, and developments in architecture or technology. But unfortunately, the site has come under a wide range of threats, duly noted and followed up by The World Heritage Committee. As a result, the Department of Antiquities (DoA) has been asked on more than one occasion to work to find appropriate solutions to protect, save and secure Cyrene. Despite the realization and understanding of these risks and threats by both the Department of Antiquities (DoA) and The World Heritage Committee (WHC), solutions have remained elusive, but new evidence identified by this study has confirmed that there is a very close relationship between good knowledge, the clear classification of deterioration factors and the discovery or creation of solutions for the problem, because clear understanding of these factors is the most important step in finding the right solutions. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter provides the geographic and historic introduction, and also describes the archaeology and landscape of the wider site. Moreover, it discusses also the role of travellers and explorers and their work, and the very beginnings of the founding of the Department of Antiquities. The second chapter is about physical deterioration factors and their impact on the monuments. The third chapter has been devoted to discussing the role of human activity in the deterioration of heritage and archaeology in Cyrene. Finally, Chapter IV assesses all the factors of deterioration, and makes proposals to reduce these threats and dangers.
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Al-Zahrani, Abdulnaser A. "Chloride ion removal from archaeological iron and #beta#-FeOOH." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313137.
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The stabilisation of archaeological iron is considered as one of the major problems facing the archaeological conservator today. Free chlorides, held as counter ions at the metallic anode, act as electrolytes and promote corrosion of metallic iron This study examines and compares the efficiency of a range of aqueous wash methods currently used to remove chloride ions from archaeological iron and determines how these various treatments work. It also investigates the effect of selected aqueous wash treatments on the chloride rich metastable corrosion product 0-FeOOH. The amount of Cl'removed from 0-FeOOH and any transformations to new compounds are recorded. Iron objects were treated using aqueous Soxhlet extraction with nitrogen, aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous alkaline sulphite solutions. Synthetic O-FeOOH and PFeOOH1Fe3Om4 ixtures were washed in aqueouss odium hydroxide, aqueousa lkaline sulphite solution, aqueous sodium sulphite, hot and cold deionised water. The outcome of the work showed that: (1) For archaeological iron objects: O. SM nitrogen de-aerated aqueous NaOH solutions are very efficient chloride extractors, often approaching a 100% efficiency. Almost as efficient were 0.5M aqueous... NaOH/Na2SO3 treatment solutions. Nitrogen de-aeration of treatment solutions improves their cr extraction efficiency, by freeing Cl' from its counter ion role. Hydroxide ions improve extraction efficiency of Cl- from iron objects in nitrogen and Na2S03 de-aerated environments. The de-aerated aqueous Soxhlet extraction method, as suggested by Scott and Seeley (1986), is a less efficient chloride extractor than either nitrogen de-aerated 0.5M NaOH or 0.5M NaOH/Na2SO3. De-aerated NaOH treatment solutions are to be preferred to NaOH/Na2SO3 solutions, as they do not introduce residual electrolyte ions (SO 42). (2) For O-FeOOH samples: Pure O-FeOOH and P-FeOOH/Fe3O4 mixtures reacted differently during washing. Pure 0-FeOOH completely transformed to cc-FeOOH in the alkaline environments provided by NaOH and NaOH/Na2SO3. This released all the chloride from the PFeOOH. In NaOH solutions within the range pH8.5 to 10.5 0-FeOOH/Fe3O4 transformed mostly to Fe304. Above pH1 1 there was limited conversion. Improved release of Cl' from P-FeOOII/Fe3O4 mixture correlated with the transformation of PFeOOH to Fe304.
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Bundy, Barbara E. "Preventing looting and vandalism of archaeological sites in the Pacific Northwest." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181086.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-281). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Massung, Elaine Morgan. "Visitor reception to location-based interpretation at archaeological and heritage sites." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529913.
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Wainwright, John. "Erosion of semi-arid archaeological sites : a study in formation processes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364336.
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Susino, George J. "Analysis of lithic artefact microdebitage for chronological determination of archaeological sites /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41079617m.
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Susino, George J. "Analysis of lithic artefact microdebitage for chronological determination of archaeological sites." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050914.150905/index.html.
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Du, Toit Timon Dawid. "Interactive Media in Archaeology : Video Games for Archaeological Heritage Conservation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78749.
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The use of video games as a sustainable tool for preserving existing archaeological data in an entertaining and interactive manner was investigated. The main aim of such investigation was to explore the potential benefits in terms of archaeological/heritage education, broadcasting, and representing data in a manner that is interactive and encourages critical thinking through play. Game Pass Shelter, located at Kamberg in the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park was used to create a virtual environment in a video game that accurately represents traditional Bushmen rock art and folklore. Two phases were featured in the development of the video game: (i) getting feedback from gamers through a questionnaire I had designed, and (ii) using the identified recommendations to design the 2D video game using Unity Game Engine (a free video game development piece of software). This 2D video game, defined by authenticity to the represented folklore, features rock art motifs from Game Pass Shelter used against the backdrop of the Spoiling of the Eland traditional story. The video game begins with the ‘Rosetta Stone’ of southern African rock art and contextualises it using selected traditional folklore. Through this process, the video game aims to show why hunting was so important to the traditional Bushmen way of life. It further shows why eland were so valued and some unique beliefs that the Bushmen had concerning them.<br>Dissertation (MA (Archaeology))--university of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Anthropology and Archaeology<br>MA (Archaeology)<br>Unrestricted
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Molin, John. "The Past is Present : Archaeological sites and identity formation in Southern Africa." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6256.
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<p>This thesis deals with the connection between archaeological sites and</p><p>processes of identity formation in Southern Africa, as expressed in relation to the Twyfelfontein rock art site and Great Zimbabwe, and, to some extent, the White Lady site. The aim is to understand in what ways people think of, and identify with, archaeological monuments. The Twyfelfontein rock art site is presented in the form of a case study, based on my own fieldwork of 2004, while the descriptions of the other sites derive from literary sources. The theoretical discussion on identity, and ethnic identity in particular, is central to this thesis. In analysing the conditions of the different archaeological sites, a discursive approach is taken in order to</p><p>highlight the way perceptions of the past, and people’s identities, are dependant upon social and political processes.</p>
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Bathurst, Rhonda R. Cannon Aubrey. "Health and settlement implications of parasites from Pacific Northwest coast archaeological sites /." *McMaster only, 2005.
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Sandrowicz, Daniel Richard. "Gas wells and their impact on archaeological sites in Bradford County, Pennsylvania." Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569877.
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<p>This study involves creating archaeological predictive models (APMs) for Bradford County, Pennsylvania: a known site model, a regression analysis model, and a multi-criteria analysis model. The APMs show the areas of highest sensitivity for archaeological sites but utilize different methods so that the models can be compared. The thesis also compares locations of known archaeological sites and the areas of high archaeological probability to natural gas well sites to determine the impact of natural gas drilling on the archaeological record. Finally, the thesis addresses whether new archaeological sites can be located using different types of remote sensing. The goal of this study is to provide a planning strategy for the protection of cultural resources. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania statewide historic plan for 2012-2017 calls for the creation of a statewide archaeological probability map. This study provides a baseline for the future creation of predictive models for the state of Pennsylvania.
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Sommerville, Anne Amanda. "Luminescence dating of wind blown sands from archaeological sites in northern Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2934/.
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The sheltered bays of the Orkney Islands are backed by extensive dune systems that commonly contain archaeological sites, many of which now protrude from cliffed sections due to coastal erosion. In an area where other dating techniques are often precluded due to a lack of organic dating material, this research establishes that optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating can provide a viable and robust alternative by dating wind blown sands within the sites to constrain the archaeological age. Since this is the case, the OSL chronology can also be applied to natural sites where no archaeological chronology exists and so be used in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Six periods of increased sand movement are recorded in the Orkney Islands at the sites sampled; the Neolithic, the Bronze Age, two periods in the Iron Age, the Viking/Medieval period and the Little Ice Age. The phases of sand movement identified using OSL in the Orkney Islands are also identified at other sites in Scotland and north-east Europe and support the chronologies derived from other environmental indicators such as tree rings and peat bogs. It is suggested that at least two events may be related to the deterioration in climate subsequent to the eruption of Hekla 4 in the late Neolithic and Hekla 3 in the late Bronze Age. However, OSL dating requires that the latent luminescence signal within quartz and feldspar is rapidly reduced to near zero by exposure to light, yet the rate and extent of bleaching depends on the length of time that the grains are exposed and the light intensity at the time of exposure. Bleaching experiments used here confirmed that not only is there a difference in the rate of bleaching between quartz and feldspar depending on the light intensity, but that there is also a difference in the rate of bleaching between samples from different geological areas and this needs to be taken into account in future research. The residual levels from the Orcadian modern beach sands (<0.5 Gy) suggest that some samples collected for OSL dating may be partially bleached and a new technique, the psi (?) ratio, is proposed here to identify partially bleached sediments.
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Bowes, Jonathan Paul. "Soil erosion on buried archaeological sites in arable areas : a modelling approach." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275688.
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McGrath, Gemma M. "Tour guides as interpreters of archaeological sites : heritage tourism in Cusco, Peru." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419982.
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Quine, T. A. "An evaluation of soil analysis for determining formation processes on archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382402.
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Vandiver, Amy 1976. "Analysis of a sub-bottom sonar profiler for surveying underwater archaeological sites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87431.
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Elliott, Patrick. "Evaluating Sea-Level Rise Hazards on Coastal Archaeological Sites, Trinity Bay, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157575/.
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This study uses the predictive modeling program Sea-Levels Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) to evaluate sea-level rise hazards, such as erosion and inundation, on coastal archaeological sites with a vertical rise of sea level of .98 meters from 2006 to 2100. In total 177 archaeological site locations were collected and georeferenced over GIS outputs maps of wetlands, erosion presence, surface elevation, and accretion. Wetlands data can provide useful information about characteristics of the wetland classes, which make a difference in the ability for coastal archaeological sites to combat sea level rise. Additionally, the study evaluated predicted erosion of archaeological sites by presence or absence of active erosion on a cell-by-cell basis. Elevation map outputs relative to mean tide level allowed for a calculation of individual archaeological site datums to use NOAA tidal databases to identify the potential for their inundation. Accretion maps acquired from the SLAMM run determined the potential for the archaeological site locations to combat rising sea levels and potentially provide protection from wave effects. Results show that the most significant hazard predicted to affect coastal archaeological sites is inundation. Approximately 54% of the total archaeological sites are predicted to be inundated at least half the time by 2100. The hazard of erosion, meanwhile, is expected to affect 33% of all archaeological sites by the end of the century. Although difficult to predict, the study assumes that accretion will not be able to keep pace with sea-level rise. Such findings of hazards prove that SLAMM is a useful tool for predicting potential effects of sea-level rise on coastal archaeological sites. With its ability to customize and as it is complementary, it provides itself not only an economical choice but also one that is adaptable to many scenarios.