Journal articles: 'Conservation in situ'

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Paprštein, F., J. Sedlák, and V. Holubec. "In situ conservation of fruit landraces." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, Special Issue (2010): S57—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/695-cjgpb.

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In situ conservation is considered as conservation of wild biota in the natural habitat (locality). The authors extend the term to cultivated fruit species naturalised in the landscape, such as occasional spontaneous seedlings, and planted material such as old solitary trees among fields, old groves, avenues (country lanes), wind-breaks, and abandoned remnants of orchards. In situ conservation is also used to mark unique materials during collecting expeditions, before they will be taken as ex situ or proclaimed as permanent in situ. Important landraces found within 12 regions of the Czech Republic were registered, evaluated, and in situ localised by Global Positioning System (GPS). The following accessions were marked for in-situ conservation: apple (401), sweet cherry (263), pear (91), plum (42), sour cherry (27), and berry fruits (18).

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Braverman, Irus. "Conservation without nature: the trouble with in situ versus ex situ conservation." Geoforum 51 (January 2014): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.09.018.

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Bhaskar Mahanayak. "Ex-situ and in-situ conservation of wild life." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 18, no. 3 (2024): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.18.3.0371.

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Wildlife conservation is essential for maintaining ecological balance, providing economic benefits, supporting scientific research, and preserving cultural heritage. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods are critical for protecting biodiversity and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources. In-situ conservation allows species to thrive in their natural environments, maintaining ecological interactions and evolutionary processes. It is cost-effective, promotes public participation, and preserves entire ecosystems. However, it requires large areas of land and can be challenging to implement in regions with high human population density. Ex-situ conservation provides an additional layer of protection for species that are critically endangered or whose habitats are severely threatened. Facilities like zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks play a crucial role in breeding programs, research, and public education. These efforts complement in-situ conservation by serving as reservoirs of genetic diversity and sources for species reintroduction. Together, in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies form a comprehensive approach to wildlife conservation, ensuring the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources for future generations. Effective conservation requires coordinated efforts at local, national, and international levels, involving governments, organizations, scientists, and communities in a collective commitment to protecting our planet's natural heritage.

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Bhaskar, Mahanayak. "Ex-situ and in-situ conservation of wild life." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 18, no. 3 (2024): 277–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13767087.

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Wildlife conservation is essential for maintaining ecological balance, providing economic benefits, supporting scientific research, and preserving cultural heritage. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods are critical for protecting biodiversity and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources. In-situ conservation allows species to thrive in their natural environments, maintaining ecological interactions and evolutionary processes. It is cost-effective, promotes public participation, and preserves entire ecosystems. However, it requires large areas of land and can be challenging to implement in regions with high human population density. Ex-situ conservation provides an additional layer of protection for species that are critically endangered or whose habitats are severely threatened. Facilities like zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks play a crucial role in breeding programs, research, and public education. These efforts complement in-situ conservation by serving as reservoirs of genetic diversity and sources for species reintroduction. Together, in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies form a comprehensive approach to wildlife conservation, ensuring the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources for future generations. Effective conservation requires coordinated efforts at local, national, and international levels, involving governments, organizations, scientists, and communities in a collective commitment to protecting our planet's natural heritage.

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Tesema, Zeleke, and Abiy Shenkute. "Sheep genetic resource conservation experience in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia: A Review." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.265.

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Conservation of native animal genetic resource is vital to maintain genetic diversity sustainably and to cope with the future challenging climate change. Thus, the aim of this paper was to review the experience of sheep conservation practice in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia. In turkey, fifteen sheep types are extinct and other native sheep population decreased by 47% due to an unplanned crossbreeding program. For these reasons, sheep genetic resource ex-situ in vivo conservation project started in 1995 with three sheep breeds. The animal breeding law regarding registration of new breed and conservation of animal genetic resources was enacted in 2001 in Turkey. In-situ conservation subsidies of sheep breeds near to extinction have been continued since 2005. Following these events, in vitro conservation of germplasm of 13 sheep breeds have been initiated in 2007 and two gene banks have been established and thereby sperm, embryo, cell, and DNA of from each sheep breed conserved in the gene bank. Although they were successful in both in-situ and ex-situ conservations with some limitations, in-situ conserved sheep breeds had better productivity than ex-situ in vivo conserved sheep in Turkey. In the case of Ethiopia, in-situ conservation will be compatible with the existing infrastructure. Through balancing the genetic gain and inbreeding level, it is possible to integrate the existing community-based genetic improvement programs (with in breed selection) with sustainable in-situ conservation of native sheep genetic resources in Ethiopia.

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Volis, Sergei, Michael Blecher, and Yuval Sapir. "Complex ex situ - in situ approach for conservation of endangered plant species and its application to Iris atrofusca of the Northern Negev." BioRisk 3 (December 28, 2009): 137–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.3.5.

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We introduce a novel approach for conservation of endangered plant species in which ex situ collections maintained in natural or semi-natural environment are a part of a complementary ex situ – in situ conservation strategy. We provide detailed guidelines for 1) representative sampling of the populations; 2) collection maintenance; and 3) utilization for in situ actions. Our approach is the first that explicitly takes into account ecologically significant (i.e. adaptive) variation of plants in both ex situ and in situ conservation actions. We propose that an important part of the conservation strategy is preserving both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity through a quasi in situ conservation approach. Finally, we demonstrate this approach using a critically endangered plant species, Iris atrofusca from the northern Negev, Israel.

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Leveroni Calvi, S., C. Labbé, and G. Maisse. "Aquaculture and ex situ conservation." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 126 (July 2000): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(00)80183-x.

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Qu, Hong, Chun-Jing Wang, and Zhi-Xiang Zhang. "Planning priority conservation areas under climate change for six plant species with extremely small populations in China." Nature Conservation 25 (March 13, 2018): 89–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.25.20063.

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The concept of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) has been employed to guide conservation of threatened plant species in China. Climate change has a high potential to threaten PSESP. As a result, it is necessary to integrate climate change effects on PSESP into conservation planning in China. Here, ecological niche modelling is used to project current and future habitat distributions of six PSESP in China under climate change scenarios and conservation planning software is applied to identify priority conservation areas (PCAs) for these PSESP based on habitat distributions. These results were used to provide proposals for in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures directed at PSESP. It was found that annual precipitation was important for habitat distributions for all six PSESP (with the percentage contribution to habitat distributions ranging from 18.1 % to 74.9 %) and non-climatic variables including soil and altitude have a large effect on habitat suitability of PSESP. Large quantities of PCAs occurred within some provincial regions for these six PSESP (e.g. Sichuan and Jilin for the PSESP Cathaya argyrophylla, Taxus cuspidata, Annamocarya sinensis and Madhuca pasquieri), indicating that these are likely to be appropriate areas for in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures directed at these PSESP. Those nature reserves with large quantities of PCAs were identified as promising sites for in-situ conservation measures of PSESP; such reserves include Yangzie and Dongdongtinghu for C. argyrophylla, Songhuajiangsanhu and Changbaishan for T. cuspidata and Shiwandashanshuiyuanlian for Tsoongiodendron odorum. These results suggest that existing seed banks and botanical gardens occurring within identified PCAs should allocate more resources and space to ex-situ conservation of PSESP. In addition, there should be additional botanical gardens established for ex-situ conservation of PSESP in PCAs outside existing nature reserves. To address the risk of negative effects of climate change on PSESP, it is necessary to integrate in-situ and ex-situ conservation as well as climate change monitoring in PSESP conservation planning.

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V.I., Melnyk. "Plant conservation in situ and ex situ in Ukraine." Plant Introduction 66 (June 1, 2015): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2526944.

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Ukraine is characterized by high diversity of wild flora. Flora of Ukraine is one of the richest in Europe and includes 4523 species of vascular plants. Ukraine occupies 5.7 % of area of Europe and it contains 37 % of European vascular plants. 9 % of species of vascular plants of Ukraine are endemics. There are 611 species of vascular plants in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The nature reserves funds of Ukraine included around 7790 objects, occuping around 5.7 % territory of Ukraine. Now Ukraine has a good perspective for improving the net of protected areas. All botanical gardens in Ukraine are involved in ex situ conservation of plants. The collection of rare and endangered species in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine harbors 136 species included in Red Data Book. Modeling of the populations of rare and endangered species in artificial forest and steppe communities is an original method of ex situ plant conservation.

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Woolliams, J. A., O. Matika, and J. Pattison. "Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation." Animal Genetic Resources Information 42 (April 2008): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002571.

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SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

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Terzić, Sreten, Aleksandar Tabaković, and Milena Savić-Ivanov. "Inclusion of most appropriate crop wild relative populations and sites from Serbia in European In situ Network." Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo 59, no. 3 (2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ratpov59-40613.

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Crop wild relative (CWR) conservation planning has started in many European countries with some of them having developed national CWR conservation strategies. The development of the European PGRFA In Situ Conservation Network has been implemented through the H2020 "Farmer's Pride" project but it did not have sufficient funds to include all European countries. Funding is required to ensure those countries currently uninvolved are able to identify populations and sites, and prepare applications to join the European in situ PGRFA conservation network. The project "Inclusion of CWR sites in European in situ network" was approved for financing under ECPGR Activity Grant Scheme (Phase X) First Call for proposals. The aim is to improve national capacities for in situ PGRFA management in Lithuania, Cyprus, Albania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania, Croatia and Serbia. The joint effort from the ECPGR Working Group "Wild Species Conservation in Genetic Reserves" and the "Farmer's Pride" Project contributed to the development of European strategy for CWR conservation, National and European MAWP selection and thus biodiversity conservation. Mountain Fruška gora has been proposed for inclusion as the MAWP site, while wild garlic - Allium ursinum and a sunflower CWR - Helianthus tuberosus have been proposed as the MAWP populations from Serbia for the European CWR in situ Network.

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Hidayat, Imawan Wahyu, Neneng Ine Kurnita, and Dimas Ardiyanto. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF CIBODAS BOTANIC GARDEN AS AN EX-SITU CONSERVATION SITE FOR TROPICAL MOUNTAINOUS PLANTS: THE LAST DECADE." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 19, no. 2 (2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i2.1317.

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Abstract: The threats to the plant biodiversity become more advance along with rapid degradation of the natural habitat. Plants preservation needs accompaniment between in-situ and ex-situ conservation altogether. The ex-situ plant conservation plays more important roles in order to help conserve threatened plant species. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) is a government institution which has the main assignment on ex-situ plant conservation, especially tropical mountainous plants. In the last decade, CBG has conducted exploration and plants collection in order to retrieve them from the destructive pressures in their habitat. This study aimed to asses the CBG’s contribution to ex-situ plant conservation through the addition number of planted plants and to describe the important value to conservation. The study conducted through a quantitative descriptive method, based on data inventory of the newly planted plant in the garden from 2008 to 2018. This also assessed the increasing collection of each year and descriptively explaining the background data, species variety, and their conservation status. The results described that the additional number was 473 specimens and the average increase was 43 specimens per-year. These originated from exploration and plants collection 248 specimens, donation 217 specimens, self-propagation seven specimens, and one specimen from seeds exchange. The most planted was Nepenthaceae with 84 specimens, secondly Phillantaceae with 21 specimens, and Lauraceae 15 specimens. There were 116 species (152 specimens) which have conservation status. These expected to be a comprehensive description of the CBG’s plant collection and meaningful for the conservation efforts in general.Keywords: ex-situ plant conservation; garden collection; Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG)

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A.M., Gnatiuk. "Autumn crocus (Cоlchicum autumnale L.) in situ and еx situ in Ukraine". Plant Introduction 54 (1 червня 2012): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2542004.

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Data on distribution Colchicum autumnale L. in the nature and culture are resulted. It is pointed on perspectives of conservation of this rare species in Ukraine, its reproduction and cultivation.

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HAVENS, KAYRI, PATI VITT, MIKE MAUNDER, EDWARD O. GUERRANT, and KINGSLEY DIXON. "Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Beyond." BioScience 56, no. 6 (2006): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[525:espcab]2.0.co;2.

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RYDER, OLIVER A., JAMES H. SHAW, and CHRISTEN M. WEMMER. "Species, subspecies and ex situ conservation." International Zoo Yearbook 27, no. 1 (1987): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1987.tb01523.x.

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RYDER, OLIVER A., JAMES H. SHAW, and CHRISTEN M. WEMMER. "Species, subspecies and ex situ conservation." International Zoo Yearbook 27, no. 1 (2007): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1988.tb03206.x.

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Good, Roger. "Ex Situ conservation of Australian plants." Danthonia: newsletter of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation 5, no. 3 (1996): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.374043.

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Bavcon, Jože, Katja Malovrh, Maja Tomšič, and Blanka Ravnjak. "In Situ Conservation of Dry Meadows." Land 13, no. 3 (2024): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13030315.

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Grassland ecosystems are increasingly vulnerable as they are threatened by both intensive agriculture and abandonment of land use, which leads to overgrowth with scrub vegetation and forest. Given that meadows are habitat types of very high biodiversity, their loss significantly reduces local biodiversity. That is why the University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana has been renting a 2 ha dry meadow at the edge of Ljubljana capital city since 2001, for the purpose of in situ conservation in the urban area. We have been observing the meadow since 1997. In 2023, in addition to the complete inventory of species, we also carried out an inventory and analysis of the community in the meadow using the Braun–Blanquet method in 25 relevés. We recorded 163 plant species in the meadow during the entire growing season, and a total of 82 were recorded in the relevés. Eighteen of the species recorded are on the red list of protected plant species in Slovenia. In the relevés, 15 species types were constant (occurring in 60%) and as many as 21 were unique. The species Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench was recorded in all relevés (25), followed by the species Bromopsis erecta (Huds.) Fourr. (24), Galium verum L. (24), Briza media L. (23), Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) PB. (22) and Salvia pratensis L. (21).

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Lu, B. R. "In situ conservation of Oryza rufipogon." International Rice Research Notes 24, no. 2 (1999): 41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7000697.

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This article 'In situ conservation of Oryza rufipogon' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

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Т.M., Cherevchenko, Moroz P.A., Kuznetsov S.I., and Muzychuk G.M. "Plant diversity conservation problems ex situ." Plant Introduction 1 (April 1, 1999): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3367330.

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The principle of the complex gene-pool protection of the wild and cultivated flora in botanical gardens in combination with the seed storage in gene banks was assumed as a basis of plant diversity conservation problems decision. The most important program component parts of plant diversity conservation ex situ as well as the arrangements for this program realization in Ukraine were determined. Basic directions of scientific investigation with the purpose of growing rare and vanishing plants in botanical gardens and dendroparks, including their repatriation in natural phytocenoses were also defined.

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Ryder, Oliver A. "Zoological Parks and the Conservation of Biological Diversity: Linking ex situ and in situ Conservation Efforts." Journal of Environment & Development 4, no. 2 (1995): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659500400205.

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Rice, Elizabeth B., Margaret E. Smith, Sharon E. Mitchell, and Stephen Kresovich. "Conservation and Change: A Comparison of In situ and Ex situ Conservation of Jala Maize Germplasm." Crop Science 46, no. 1 (2006): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0116.

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ISGENDER, Elman Osman, Panah MURADOV, and Sabina JAFARZADEH. "Comparative Soil-Plant Relationship of Pyrus L. Species under in Situ and Ex Situ Conditions." Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 30 (December 15, 2024): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1593303.

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This study conducts a comparative analysis of the soil-plant relationship for Pyrus L. species under both in situ and ex situ conservation environments. It highlights the significance of these conservation strategies, especially given the distinct botanical features of Pyrus L. species. The research involved selecting different species within the Pyrus genus and systematically gathering sample data. Various methodologies were used to assess both the chemical and physical properties of the soil, employing techniques such as soil texture analysis and nutrient profiling. The findings indicate clear differences in soil-plant interactions across these conservation methods, showcasing how Pyrus L. species adapt to their environments and the effectiveness of different protective measures. In particular, the results illustrate the impact of soil composition on plant health and growth in various conservation scenarios. The study concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and suggesting future actions to improve in situ and ex situ conservation practices. These statements aim to enhance our understanding of Pyrus L. species and refine conservation strategies, ultimately supporting the sustainability of these crucial plants.

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Hu, Y., S. Lin, X. Yang, et al. "IN SITU AND EX SITU CONSERVATION OF ERIOBOTRYA IN CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 760 (July 2007): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.760.75.

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Mestanza-Ramón, Carlos, Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara, Paola Vásconez Duchicela, et al. "In-Situ and Ex-Situ Biodiversity Conservation in Ecuador: A Review of Policies, Actions and Challenges." Diversity 12, no. 8 (2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080315.

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Biodiversity is vital for the stability of the planet; its ecosystem services provide essential elements for our survival and well-being. This review analyzes the national biodiversity policies and describes the main strategies for biodiversity conservation in Ecuador, one of the “mega-diverse” countries in the world with the highest species density. It deepens an analysis of in-situ and ex-situ conservation processes. Ecuador has six clear policies for biodiversity conservation. These policies strengthen biodiversity conservation through mechanisms that improve the well-being of wildlife by ensuring human, wildlife and ecosystem health. It promotes actions for the welfare of wildlife, through technical, administrative and legal tools. The National System of Protected Areas, with 60 protected areas, is the most effective in-situ conservation instrument at the country level. Several ex-situ conservation and management means for the conservation of wild species are being utilized, including nurseries, botanical gardens, zoos, germplasm banks, aquariums, species reproduction and rehabilitation centers. Ecuador is making slow progress on ex-situ conservation despite the availability of a sound policy framework, possibly due to financial, infrastructural, and/or technological challenges, and knowledge gaps. We propose fostering international research collaborations and establishing fully funded small-scale captive breeding programs at zoos, aquariums and university research facilities to help recovery of at-risk species of reptiles, amphibians, fish and species beyond Galapagos region. We recommend utilizing citizen science programs to fill the gaps of biodiversity information and increasing efforts to revive the ex-situ conservation strategies in protecting the unique biodiversity of Ecuador.

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Eslabão, Marcelo Piske, Paulo Eduardo Ellert-Pereira, Rosa Lía Barbieri, and Gustavo Heiden. "Prioridades para a conservação de Butia (Arecaceae)." Ciência Florestal 32, no. 4 (2022): 1733–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509838770.

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Butia (Arecaceae) is a palm genus of 21 South American species. The factors that determine the geographical distribution and conservation status of Butia species are still poorly understood. We mapped the specimens with a natural occurrence in South America and evaluated the state of conservation of the species and their respective threat criteria. These results allowed the proposition of priorities for in situ and ex situ conservation. Eleven species were evaluated as Vulnerable (VU), five species as Critically Endangered (CR), three species as Endangered (EN), one species was assessed as Near Threatened (NT) and one species could not be assessed due to Deficient Data (DD). Eight priorities for in situ conservation are recognized and seven species are considered as priorities for ex situ conservation and germplasm collection. The results support the choice of priority areas for in situ conservation and sustainable management, and strategies for ex situ conservation of the species and germplasm collection.

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Loo, J. A., T. L. Beardmore, J. D. Simpson, and D. A. McPhee. "Tree species of concern in New Brunswick, Canada. II. Guidelines for conservation of genetic resources." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 3 (2007): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83402-3.

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Guidelines were developed by the New Brunswick Forest Gene Conservation Working Group for conserving genetic resources of four native tree species in New Brunswick. Gene conservation guidelines for three of these species aim to maintain sufficient gene pools of known or putatively resistant stock to retain or develop the potential for restoration. Natural populations of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) are known to have genotypes resistant to the beech scale at low frequencies. Gene conservation approaches include in situ and ex situ measures, including resistance breeding. White elm (Ulmus americana) demonstrates a degree of resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED), and will benefit from a mixture of in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Resistance to butternut canker has not yet been demonstrated in populations of butternut (Juglans cinerea), but ex situ conservation of putatively resistant genotypes will be of increasing importance as the frequency of butternut canker escalates. Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), threatened by small population size, habitat loss, and ongoing development, requires primarily in situ conservation and restoration efforts. Key words: American beech, bur oak, butternut, disease resistance, ex situ, gene conservation guidelines, genetic resources, in situ, restoration, white elm

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Pritchard, Diana J., John E. Fa, Sara Oldfield, and Stuart R. Harrop. "Bring the captive closer to the wild: redefining the role of ex situ conservation." Oryx 46, no. 1 (2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001766.

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AbstractIn situ conservation is central to contemporary global biodiversity protection and is the predominant emphasis of international regulation and funding strategies. Ex situ approaches, in contrast, have been relegated to a subsidiary role and their direct contributions to conservation have been limited. We draw on a variety of sources to make the case for an enhanced role for ex situ conservation. We note the advances occurring within institutions specializing in ex situ conservation and stress that, although much remains to be done, many constraints are being addressed. We argue that the evidence of increasing extinction rates, exacerbated by climate change, challenges the wisdom of a heavy dependence on in situ strategies and necessitates increased development of ex situ approaches. A number of different techniques that enable species and their habitats to survive should now be explored. These could build on the experience of management systems that have already demonstrated the effective integration of in situ and ex situ techniques and hybrid approaches. For organizations specializing in ex situ conservation to become more effective, however, they will require tangible support from the institutions of global biodiversity governance. Resistance is anticipated because in situ conservation is entrenched through powerful groups and organizations that exert influence on global conservation policy and facilitate the flow of funding. The chasm that has traditionally divided in situ and ex situ approaches may diminish as approaches are combined. Moreover, the relentless loss of the ‘wild’ may soon render the in situ / ex situ distinction misleading, or even obsolete.

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Raven, Peter, and Kayri Havens. "Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Cryopreservation: Breakthroughs in Tropical Plant Conservation." International Journal of Plant Sciences 175, no. 1 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674030.

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Indrawan, Mochamad. "World Conservation Congress 2008: Climate Change, Islands, and In-situ Conservation." Development in Practice 20, no. 1 (2010): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520903462618.

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Muthoni, Jane, Hussein Shimelis, and Rob Melis. "Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1400.

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Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

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Rahman, Wiguna, Joana Magos Brehm, Nigel Maxted, et al. "Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 10 (2021): 2827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02225-4.

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AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.

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Volis, Sergei, and Michael Blecher. "Quasi in situ: a bridge between ex situ and in situ conservation of plants." Biodiversity and Conservation 19, no. 9 (2010): 2441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9849-2.

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Sochacki, Dariusz, Przemysław Marciniak, Małgorzata Zajączkowska, Jadwiga Treder, and Patrycja Kowalicka. "In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Ornamental Geophytes in Poland." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (2024): 5375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135375.

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Abstract: The protection of biological diversity in nature and in agriculture, including the production of ornamental crops, has become increasingly important in Poland as well as worldwide. The Convention on Biological Diversity, signed in 1992 at the Earth Summit of the UN in Rio de Janeiro and ratified by the Polish government in 1995, imposed new regulations related to the protection of nature and the genetic resources of cultivated crops in Poland. The conservation of the genera, varieties and cultivars of ornamental geophytes—a group of plants of great interest from a botanical and physiological, but also a horticultural point of view—takes place in situ (both in nature and in the places of cultivation) and through the establishment of ex situ gene banks and collections. The natural genetic resources of ornamental geophytes include species from the genera Allium, Fritillaria, Gladiolus, Iris, Leucojum, Lilium and Muscari, among others, and more than a dozen species are protected by law due to varying degrees of threats. Botanical gardens play an essential role in the conservation of endangered species. Their activities focus on genus monitoring, managing ex situ gene banks (including National Collections), developing propagation methods and carrying out their reintroduction. In order to protect the national genetic resources of cultivated plants, the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatisation Institute—National Research Institute, under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, was established. Concerning ornamental geophytes, the National Centre coordinates two field collections of cultivars of the genera Gladiolus, Lilium, Narcissus and Tulipa, which are of great economic importance and have a long tradition of breeding in Poland. The first one is located at the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice (central Poland), and the second one is at the Experimental Substation of Variety Testing in Lisewo (northern Poland). The history of tulip collections in Poland dates back to the 1960s. At that time, the first breeding work for this species began. The collection of bulbous crops in Skierniewice is currently one of the largest in Poland, with a total of 934 accessions. Most of them are tulips (522) and lilies (222). Other plants in the collection in Skierniewice are gladiolus and narcissus. The most valuable accessions are grown under special protection (tunnels with dense nets) to guard against insects and maintain a mild climate inside. The genetic resources of the ornamental bulb plant collection in Lisewo currently consist of 611 accessions, mainly tulips (358), daffodils (121) and gladioli (132). All bulbous crops in both collections (Skierniewice and Lisewo) are grown in accordance with all principles of agrotechnics (negative field selection, fertilisation, soil maintenance). A particularly important task of botanical gardens, universities, research institutes and the National Centre is leading research on the methods of storage for survival organs, in vitro cultures and cryopreservation. We have discovered that the various activities for the species conservation of ornamental geophytes require a great deal of constantly deepening knowledge and extraordinary measures, including frequent monitoring of the effects of the applied measures.

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Taufik, Isvan, Endang Sudrajat, and Meysa Cahya Gemilang. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN CONSERVATION SITU IN BANTEN PROVINCE: CASE STUDY OF SITU KADUPAYUNG, PANDEGLANG REGENCY, BANTEN." Journal Innovation of Civil Engineering (JICE) 4, no. 2 (2023): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jice.v4i2.20587.

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Spatial planning analysis is a way to identify the location and area of a site based on spatial structure and spatial patterns. The research aims to discuss Spatial Analysis of Site Conservation in Banten Province: Case Study of Situ Kadupayung, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The research method uses survey methods and uses Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, as well as site area and contour analysis methods. The research results show that the area based on the KIB in Situ Kadupayung is 40,000 m². From the results of GPS RTK measurefments, it is known that the area of Situ Kadupayung is 34,462 m2 / 3.44 Ha. The difference between the measurement results and the goods inventory card (KIB) data at Situ Kadupayung is -5.538 m² / -0.55 Ha. There are 2 (two) factors that can cause large differences between Goods Inventory Card (KIB) data, namely 1) Internal Factors: Measurement techniques used (methods and tools); Errors in inputting measurement results data; 2) External Factors: Natural Factors, namely sedimentation, and Non-Natural Factors (Society). Keywords: Spatial Analysis; Conservation Situ; Banten Province

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Rofiqoh, Aswi Andriasari, Siti Rukayah, Erie Kolya Nasution, and Ridha Nabila Priyani. "Daily Behavior of Bangla Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Ex-situ Conservation Site, Serulingmas Zoo, Banjarnegara." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity 3, no. 1 (2022): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.59689/bio.v3i1.133.

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Panthera tigris tigris is a subspecies of Panthera tigris, which originates from India and has been declared an endangered species. Bengal Tigers are facing a severe decline in their habitat and population. Ex-situ conservation of Panthera tigris tigris has been done in some Indonesian zoos to enhance its population. Serulingmas Zoo is one of the ex-situ conservation sites. This study aims to observe the tigers’ daily behavior in captivity as a conservational database. Behaviors of Bangla tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in captivity were investigated from February to March 2021 in Serulingmas Zoo, Banjarnegara. Instantaneous Focal animal sampling has been conducted to observe the seven tigers. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into Moving, feeding, resting, social and other behaviors (including drinking, urinating, grooming, stretching, and defecating). The daily behavioral patterns showed resting behaviors as the most significant (33.56 %). The pacing activity (24.43%) counted as a frequent one that showed the tigers had altered their natural behavior. The eating and social 16.42%, and 13.03%), respectively. Defecating was reported as a minor activity (0.22%). Generally, the daily behaviors of Bangla tigers captivated at Serulingmas zoo showed the alteration in behavior patterns.

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Yang, Rong-Cai, and Francis C. Yeh. "Genetic consequences of in situ and ex situ conservation of forest trees." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 6 (1992): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68720-6.

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To counteract loss of genetic diversity crucial for current and future tree improvement, tree breeders have conserved forest genetic resources in situ in their natural ecosystems in protected areas or ex situ in plantations, seed orchards, and breeding arboreta. This article reviews the genetic consequences of these two conservation methods in terms of single-locus and multilocus population structure from electrophoretic studies of natural forests and breeding populations. Although natural forest populations have maintained high level of genetic diversity and exhibited low level of population differentiation, loss of genetic diversity would occur during the entire conservation process, from population establishment to management of breeding and production populations. Since forest trees are still at their earliest stage of domestication in Canada, loss of genetic diversity comes primarily from the initial sampling process during population establishment. We discuss the optimal sampling strategy during population establishment to conserve common and widespread alleles, common and localized alleles, rare and widespread alleles, and rare and localized alleles. We also discuss three methods for studying the multilocus structure of forest trees and show how such information would be useful for conserving co-adapted gene complexes. We conclude that being small and maintained in controlled environments, ex situ conserved populations would retain less genetic diversity than in situ conserved forest populations. While ex situ conservation is operationally convenient for the short-term gains in tree improvement, we believe in situ conservation is essential for renewing the genetic diversity to meet the changing environments of an uncertain future.

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Johnson, Kevin, Anne Baker, Kevin Buley, et al. "A process for assessing and prioritizing species conservation needs: going beyond the Red List." Oryx 54, no. 1 (2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001715.

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AbstractConservation resources are limited, yet an increasing number of species are under threat. Assessing species for their conservation needs is, therefore, a vital first step in identifying and prioritizing species for both ex situ and in situ conservation actions. Using a transparent, logical and objective method, the Conservation Needs Assessment process developed by Amphibian Ark uses current knowledge of species in the wild to determine those with the most pressing conservation needs, and provides a foundation for the development of holistic conservation action plans that combine in situ and ex situ actions as appropriate. These assessments allow us to maximize the impact of limited conservation resources by identifying which measures could best serve those species requiring help. The Conservation Needs Assessment complements the IUCN Red List assessment, and together they provide a more holistic guide to conservation priorities and actions. Conservation Needs Assessments generate national prioritized lists of species recommended for conservation action. These can subsequently be used to assist in the development of species recovery plans and national action plans, or to inform national conservation priorities better. Additional tools that will evaluate the recommendations for ex situ rescues, to determine the best candidates for conservation breeding programmes, are currently under development.

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Psurtseva, Nadezhda V. "Ex situ fungal conservation: the role of culture collections." Mycologia Balcanica 7 (November 3, 2010): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2550158.

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Fungi merit protection no less than other living organisms. This is best effected using when ex situ conservation complements in situ conservation. Ex situ conservation means preservation and maintenance of fungal genetic resources in pure culture. Culture collections (“genetic resource collections” and “biological resource centres”) play a key role in successful storage of fungal strains. Specialist organizations direct global co-ordination of culture collection activities in conservation, research, and sustainable use of genetic resources. In Russia the largest culture collection preserving fungi (and various groups of micro-organisms) is the All-Russian Culture Collection (VKM), with over 5000 fungal strains. Ex situ conservation of macromycete diversity is carried out by the Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE–BIN), a specialized collection maintaining taxonomic diversity of macromycetes with an emphasis on rare, endangered and ectomycorrhizal species, medicinal fungi, and strains useful for biotechnology. Currently that collection maintains over 1600 strains of about 600 species from 184 genera, 51 families, and 8 orders of macromycetes. The LE–BIN culture collection has been developed for ex situ conservation of as many macromycete species as possible.

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Holubec, V., T. Vymyslický, and F. Paprštein. "Possibilities and reality of on-farm conservation." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, Special Issue (2010): S60—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2670-cjgpb.

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Conservation of crops is based on ex situ collection into gene banks. Additionally, crop’s wild relatives can be conserved in situ, and landraces and obsolete cultivars also can be conserved using the on-farm method. The definition and methodology of on-farm conservation is discussed. On-farm conservation has been set up in the Czech Republic as model examples in several institutions dealing with nature protection, education, cultural conservation, as well as by some private farmers. Problems, plus positive and negative experiences are presented. On-farm conservation in open-air-museums in the natur (skansens) as well as in the national parks, seem to be suitable ways forward for the Czech Republic.

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Cavender, Nicole, Murphy Westwood, Catherine Bechtoldt, et al. "Strengthening the conservation value of ex situ tree collections." Oryx 49, no. 3 (2015): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000866.

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AbstractWith 10% of trees (> 8,000 species) threatened with extinction there is an urgent need for botanical gardens to protect threatened trees in dedicated conservation collections. Species conservation is mentioned in the mission statements of most major botanical gardens, yet the actual conservation value of existing ex situ tree collections is low. We conducted interviews with members of the botanical garden community and organized a symposium at the 5th Global Botanic Gardens Congress to identify challenges and collect recommendations to improve living ex situ tree collections. We summarize and evaluate this information to facilitate gardens becoming more effective agents for global tree conservation. Experts agree that gardens offer valuable strengths and assets for tree conservation. Some challenges exist, however, including a lack of strategic conservation focus, collection management limitations, gaps in fundamental biological information for trees, and a lack of global coordination. Solutions are offered to facilitate gardens and arboreta of all sizes to participate more effectively in tree conservation. Prioritizing genetically diverse tree collections, participating in conservation networks, developing tree-specific conservation models and guidelines, and strengthening tree science research efforts are a few examples. Most importantly, a more coordinated global effort is needed to fill knowledge gaps, share information, and build conservation capacity in biodiversity hotspots to prevent the loss of tree species.

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Pavek, Diane S., Warren F. Lamboy, and Edward J. Garvey. "In Situ Conservation of America's Wild Grapes." HortScience 36, no. 2 (2001): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.2.232.

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Ucella-Filho, João Gilberto Meza, Fernanda Moura Fonseca Lucas, Débora de Melo Almeida, et al. "Biodiverse neighborhoods: an ex-situ conservation tool." Ornamental Horticulture 28, no. 1 (2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i1.2388.

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Abstract Urban forests are responsible for a lot of benefits, and can be used as a tool to ex-situ conservation of native species. Our study investigated a public urban forest aiming to provide subside to management projects in order to allow the accurate fulfillment of social, aesthetic and ecological functions displayed by trees. Our survey was conducted in 6 public squares and 5 gardens in the Jardins neighborhood. We classified the trees according to their phytogeographic origins and seed dispersal habit. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) index, Simpson’s dominance (D’) and Pielou’s equability (J) were determined. A total of 507 individuals were sampled, located in 12 botanical families and 29 species, and 13 of them were classified as native and 16 as exotic. The family with higher species richness and number of species was Fabaceae (36%). Regarding the seed dispersal syndrome, the most representative was zoochory (52%). The ecological index showed medium species diversity (H’=2.2284), high dominance (D’=0.7899) and medium number of individuals (J) 0.6552. Although the Jardins neighborhood was planned, the urban forest in this area still needs improvement; such as incentive measures that can promote biodiversity and the application of ex-situ conservation.

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Riordan, Erin Coulter, and Gary Paul Nabhan. "Trans Situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives." Crop Science 59, no. 6 (2019): 2387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2019.06.0356.

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Guerrant, Edward O., Kayri Havens, and Pati Vitt. "Sampling for Effective Ex Situ Plant Conservation." International Journal of Plant Sciences 175, no. 1 (2014): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674131.

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Vaughan, Duncan A., and Te-Tzu Chang. "In Situ conservation of rice genetic resources." Economic Botany 46, no. 4 (1992): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02866507.

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Martin, T. E., H. Lurbiecki, and A. O. Mooers. "The economic geography of ex situ conservation." Animal Conservation 17, no. 2 (2014): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12123.

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Kushnarenko, Svetlana, Natalia Romadanova, and Lyazzat Karasholakova. "Ex situ plant conservation biotechnology in Kazakhstan." Journal of Biotechnology 185 (September 2014): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.101.

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Piovan, Anna, Giancarlo Cassina, and Raffaella Filippini. "Crambe tataria: actions for ex situ conservation." Biodiversity and Conservation 20, no. 2 (2010): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9949-z.

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Clayton, L. M., E. J. Milner‐Gulland, D. W. Sinaga, and A. H. Mustari. "Effects of a Proposed Ex Situ Conservation Program on In Situ Conservation of the Babirusa, an Endangered Suid." Conservation Biology 14, no. 2 (2000): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99123.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Conservation in situ'

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