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Singh, Jaidev. "State-making and community-based natural resource management : cases of the Vhimba CAMPFIRE Project (Zimbabwe) and the Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area (Mozambique) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5532.
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Frommer, Chloe Giselle. "The cultural right to practice traditional medicinal knowledge in Zimbabwe /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79766.
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Cultural resources like traditional medicinal knowledge need to be recognized in their role tied to important regional practices in Zimbabwe. This is especially as a nexus of legal definitions for biological, intellectual and cultural resources will inform a National Sui Generis Legislation for the protection of these resources. Even further, because foreign pharmaceutical companies seeking plant genetic resources, called 'green-gold', benefit from derivatives of traditional medicinal knowledge it is important to protect these practices as part of an entire social and symbolic system. This system can be conceived as traditional medicinal knowledge is accessed, kept, shared, used and valued as a spiritual gift that links individuals, families and community in relationships. Change to this arrangement occurs when the derivatives of it are appropriated for local non-customary use in Zimbabwe's street markets, in a trade union of traditional-healers, as well as for research and development schemes. Acknowledging the spectrum of divergent interests and practices surrounding traditional medicinal knowledge is a prerequisite to creating a system of protections for it as a cultural resource. A National Sui Generis Legislation framework that clearly supports and protects the cultural right of local individuals and communities will thereby need to identify the important customary and non-customary regional practices around traditional medicinal knowledge and create entitlements to them accordingly.
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Harrison, Elizabeth Pauline. "The governance of natural resource management in Zimbabwe : unravelling the relationships between conservation and development." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12081/.
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Zimbabwe’s national community-based natural resource management initiative, the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE), is a multi-level programme implemented in a complex system. CAMPFIRE aimed to change the governance of wildlife, seeking to integrate local communities into the wildlife and natural resource management governance system. This thesis aims to advance understanding of CAMPFIRE’s impacts and outcomes through a multilevel assessment of its governing processes and structures. The thesis uses data collected through multiple qualitative methods from four study villages to assess the rural livelihood impacts of the programme and to document the local governance structure that has evolved around CAMPFIRE projects. It then places these sub-national assessments within the national governing context in which CAMPFIRE operates. In bringing together the concepts of environmental entitlements and sustainable livelihoods, with a qualitative research approach, this thesis provides unique insights into the conceptual underpinnings and practical implementations of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). Produced through thematic and content coding analysis, the findings from CAMPFIRE are relevant to other natural resource management initiatives based on the community-based approach. The findings point to a deep set lack of good governance within the Zimbabwean natural resource management system which renders devolutionary programmes inappropriate to context. For devolutionary programmes to function in such a system, this thesis argues that there needs to be a transformation in the governance of natural resource management away from the expected supplied devolution to demanded devolution. This requires more focus on rural socio-economic and political development to achieve a suitable level of capacity for conservation to be successfully adopted. The thesis puts forward recommendations on how this transformation of governance can be achieved and the role CBNRM projects can play in this. Lessons can be learnt for enhancing the participatory natural resource management movement in practice.
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Mufudza, Pardon. "Impact of income generating projects on the rural livelihoods: the case of Mwenezi Fish Conservation Project, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1811.
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Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Most rural communities in developing countries are involved in various natural resource exploitation programmes to improve their livelihood status. The main objectives of the research were to assess the contribution of fish conservation as a strategy towards improving the livelihood status of people in Maranda Ward 9 in Mwenezi, Zimbabwe, and to ascertain the challenges in fish conservation and access to fishing activities. In this research, a questionnaire, interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used to gather information. In the administration of the questionnaires on the village households, 80 households were used as research subjects drawn from a 10% sample size for each of the 10 villages. Purposive sampling was also used for selecting respondents for the interviews and focus group discussions. Secondary data sources used include data from the Parks and Wildlife Authority on recorded cases of fish poaching. The researcher discovered that the fish conservation project improved the livelihood status of the people. Food security was improved through supplementary purchases of food using money derived from the selling of fish. A decrease in school dropouts and improved income are some of the indicators of improved livelihood status of the people. However, there is still a need for continuous support to the programme from various external institutions such as universities, research institutions, financial institutions and Rural District Council. These institutions play a significant role in community development through educational support, training and development, financial support and in creating a favourable environment for economic development in rural areas. There is also a need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of all project activities to assess improvements in rural livelihoods and also compare the actual performance of the IGPs with the desired performance. The deviation makes a platform for corrective actions towards improving the lives of rural people
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Maravanyika, Simeon. "Soil conservation and the white agrarian environment in Colonial Zimbabwe, c. 1908-1980." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40253.
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This thesis utilizes three theoretical approaches; political ecology, settler culture and community conservation to examine soil conservation and the white agrarian environment in colonial Zimbabwe to evaluate to what extent players in government and the agricultural sector were conscious or concerned about preservation and conservation of the soil. The thesis also examines the role of local and international ideas in the colony’s conservationist tradition, and whether the soil conservation movement was identity-forming among the colony’s settler farmers. The history of conservation on settler farms in colonial Zimbabwe can be periodized into three broad timeframes - from the 1890s to around the mid-1930s, between 1934 and 1965 and the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) period. In the first three and half decades of the 20th century the history of conservation can best be described as being characterized by a series of “dilemmas.” The British South Africa Company (BSA Co.) administration did not pursue soil conservation in any significant, synchronized or sustained manner. In the second period, from 1934 to 1965, there was considerable progress in the construction of conservation works on settler farms. This process was the result of recommendations made by Natural Resources Commission, a body that was appointed in 1938 to investigate the status of the colony’s natural resources. The mid-1940s were characterized by the formation of Intensive Conservation Areas (ICAs) in settler farming districts whose mandate was to oversee the construction of conservation works to rehabilitate settler farms. With the support of the Natural Resources Board (NRB), and the Department of Conservation and Extension (CONEX), formed in 1948 to provide expertise on conservation-related matters and extension support, all settler farming areas were covered by trained CONEX staff, though in most instances very thinly distributed due to high demand for their service and manpower constraints in the department. The third period, the UDI era, was characterized by attempts by the minority settler government to forestall majority rule in the colony. Malawi and Zambia (formerly Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, respectively) had been granted their independence by Britain in 1964. As decolonization was taking place in other parts of Africa, black majority rule in colonial Zimbabwe also seemed imminent. To the alarm of the white minority government, Britain had set out to grant majority rule to its African colonies, including Southern Rhodesia (renamed Rhodesia after Zambia’s independence). The Ian Smith-led government of Rhodesia, feeling betrayed, declared UDI on 11 November 1965, delaying Zimbabwean independence by another 15 years. With the end of the Federation in 1963, the colony could no longer rely on federal resources as it had done between 1953 and 1963. Sanctions, imposed in reaction to UDI, further put the regime in a tight corner. Their impact was quite significant. Fuel had to be rationed, and general belt-tightening across the board inevitably followed as major Rhodesian exports such as tobacco and minerals were embargoed on international markets. The start of the liberation war at the end of the 1960s further complicated matters.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Historical and Heritage Studies
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Nemarundwe, Nontokozo. "Negotiating resource access : institutional arrangements for woodlands and water use in southern Zimbabwe /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a408.pdf.
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Tichagwa, Cornelius Gibson. "Land degradation in Mhondoro (Zimbabwe) : an environmental assessment of communal land uses and resource management practice." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52911.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When land loses its intrinsic qualities or suffers a decline in its capabilities it is said to be degraded. Land degradation manifests itself in various forms such as deforestation, soil erosion, land, air and water pollution. In the context of sustainable development land degradation has become one of the world's major concerns. Now, more than ever before, it has become urgent to carry out empirical studies on the nature and extent of land degradation and to come up with appropriate responses to the problem. In much of the developing world communal natural resource management practices are common. It is often assumed that communal exploitation of common property resources such as woodlands, pastures, water sources and wildlife inevitably leads to land degradation. This is due to the belief that humankind would seek to derive maximum benefit from common pool resources without incurring any costs towards the conservation of those resources. This study was an environmental assessment of the impacts of communal land-use systems and common property resources management practices in the Mhondoro communal lands of Zimbabwe. The area has been subject to human settlement for over a century and is regarded as a typical representation of a well-established communal land management system. Several methods were used to make the assessment. These included the following: a questionnaire survey; interviews with key informants; soil and vegetation traverses and field measurements; tree density counts in demarcated plots; calculation of the population density and livestock density for the study area; completion of an environmental evaluation matrix and a communal projects sustainability index checklist; and analysis of geo-referenced time-lapse aerial photography covering a fifteen year period (1982-1997). It was established that serious land degradation had occurred in Chief Mashayamombe's ward in Mhondoro. Degradation manifested itself in the form of soil erosion and stream sedimentation, woodland depletion, pasture degradation and wildlife habitat destruction. Communal land-use and natural resource management practices are only partially to blame for this state of affairs. The fragile nature of the sandy soils of the uplands, the sadie soils of the vlei areas, combined with the fairly high rainfall amounts (annual average 750mm) make the area prone to soil erosion. Rainfall intensity tends to be high in the area and when the rain falls on the poorly vegetated, and highly erodible soils erosion occurs. The land has become severely stressed due to over-utilisation; a population density of 93 people per km2 and livestock density of 110 cattle per km2 were recorded. The land available for communal settlement in the area has been limited in extent. Due to the general poverty of the communal farmers the replacement of nutrients into the cultivated soil has not kept pace with the deteriorating condition of the land. Contrary to popular misconceptions, communal area residents have shown concern for environmental conservation through fallowing their fields, gully reclamation efforts, grazing schemes, woodland preservation and tree growing practices. Remedial and/or mitigatory measures for the environmental recovery of the area could adopt some of these well-established practices and incorporate them in a whole-catchment management strategy. Key words Land degradation, environmental degradation, pollution, environmental assessment, common property resources, communal land uses, sustainable resources management, sustainability indicators, soil erodibility, soil erosivity
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer grond sy intrinsieke waarde verloor of 'n afname in sy vermoë toon, kan gesê word dat die grond gedegradeer is. Gronddegradasie manifesteer in verskeie vorme, soos ontbossing, gronderosie, grond, lug en water besoedeling. Gronddegradasie het binne die konteks van volhoubare ontwikkeling wêreldwyd van besondere belang geword. Nou, meer as ooit vantevore, is dit noodsaaklik om empiriese studies uit te voer aangaande die aard en omvang van gronddegradasie, en om vorendag te kom met toepaslike reaksies tot die probleem. Gemeenskaps natuurlike hulpbron bestuur praktyke is algemeen in die ontwikkelende wêreld. Daar word dikwels veronderstel dat uitbuiting van gemeenskaplike eiendoms hulpbronne deur die gemeenskap, soos woude, weivelde, waterbronne en wild, onvermeidelik lei na gronddegradasie. Hierdie aanname het ontwikkel as gevolg van die oortuiging dat die mensdom daarna sal streef om maksimum voordeel te trek uit gemeenskaplike hulpbronne, sonder om enige koste aan te gaan ten opsigte van die bewaring daarvan. Hierdie studie behels 'n omgewings evaluering van die impakte van gemeenskaps grondgebruik sisteme en gemeenskaplike eiendoms hulpbron bestuur praktyke in die Mhondoro gemeenskaplike grond van Zimbabwe. Die area word al vir meer as 'n eeu deur mense bewoon, en word beskou as 'n tipiese voorbeeld van 'n gevestigde gemeenskaps grondbestuur sisteem. Verskeie metodes is toegepas met die evaluering, en sluit in: 'n vraelys opname; onderhoude met sleutel segspersone; grond en plantegroei opnames en veldopnames; boom digtheidstelling in afgebakende persele; berekening van bevolkingsen veedigtheid vir die studiegebied; opstelling van 'n omgewing evaluerings matriks en 'n gemeenskap projek volhoubaarheids indeks kontroleerlys; en 'n analise van geo-referenced time-lapse lugfoto's wat strek oor 'n tydperk van 15 jaar (1982-1997). Daar is vasgestel dat ernstige gronddegradasie voorkom in Hoofman Mashayamombe se wyk in Mhondoro. Degradasie word gemanifesteer in die vorm van gronderosie en stroom sedimentasie, uitputting van woude, weiveld degradasie en die verwoesting van wild habitatte. Gemeenskaps grondgebruik en natuurlike hulpbron bestuurspraktyke is net gedeeltelik verantwoordelik vir die stand van sake. Gronderosie vind plaas ook as gevolg van die sensitiewe aard van die sanderige grond van die hoogland, die sodic grond van die vlei areas, in kombinasie met redelike hoë reënval (gemiddeld 750mm per jaar). Reënval intensiteit in die area is geneig om hoog te wees, en erosie vind plaas wanneer reën val op die hoogs erodeerbare grond wat met yl plantegroei bedek is. Die grond verkeer onder geweldige druk as gevolg van oorbenutting; 'n bevolkingsdigtheid van 93 mense per km2 en veedigtheid van 110beeste per km2 is aangeteken. Die grond beskikbaar vir vestiging van gemeenskappe word in omvang beperk. Die vervanging van grondvoedingstowwe in bewerkte grond hou nie tred met die agteruitgang in die kondisie van die grond nie, as gevolg van die algemene armoede van die gemeenskapsboere. Inwoners van die gemeenskapsarea , teenstrydig met algemene wanopvattings, toon besorgdheid ten opsigte van omgewingsbewaring deur die grond braak te lê, donga herwinnings pogings, wei velds planne, bewaring van woude en praktyke ten opsigte van die groei van bome. Remediërende en/of versagtende maatstawwe vir die herstel van die omgewing kan van hierdie gevestigde praktyke inkorporeer in 'n bestuursstrategie wat die hele opvangsgebied insluit. Sleutelwoorde Gronddegradasi e, omgewingsde gradasi e, besoedeling, omgewingsassessering, gemeenskaplike eiendoms hulpbronne, gemeenskaplike grondgebruik, volhoubare hulpbron bestuur, volhoubaarheids aanwysers, grond erodeerbaarheid, grond verwering.
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Cloutier, Tammy. "Anthropogenic Impacts and Influence On African Painted Dogs (Lycaon Pictus)." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1597420032227308.
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Lai, Shin-kwan Flora. "Conservation consideration in Hong Kong : a case study of sites of special scientific interest (SSSI) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906092.
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Fuller, S. C. "Implementation of natural resources management policy in Zimbabwe 1980-1999." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344108.
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Edwards, Taylor. "Desert tortoise conservation genetics." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291566.
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Managing for the long-term survival of a species requires an understanding of its population genetics. The desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, inhabits the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of North America. Desert tortoises face many threats to their continued survival, including habitat loss and fragmentation. I used mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers to examine genetic structure within and among populations of desert tortoises. I found that both the Mojave and Sonoran populations of desert tortoise exhibit similar patterns of population genetic structure. Gene flow among localities within each region is part of the evolutionary history of the desert tortoise and dispersal events probably play an important role in the long-term maintenance of populations. Movement barriers caused by anthropogenic landscape changes have the potential to effect desert tortoise population viability. Understanding the historical connectivity between and within the Mojave and Sonoran populations of desert tortoises will help facilitate the conservation of this species.
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Green, Gina C. "Conservation projects in Central America an analysis to determine the ingredients for success /." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26977311.html.
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Tanner, Randy. "Legitimacy and the use of natural resources in Kruger National Park, South Africa." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222008-101255/.
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Calegari, Valerie Rose. "Environmental perceptions and local conservation efforts in Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, México /." Access online version, 1997. http://www.desertfishes.org/cuatroc/lit/calegari/thesis.html.
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Chassels, Marla R. "Participatory conservation in the Philippines : a case study in Siquijor." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2007/m_chassels_050107.pdf.
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Sibanda, Backson M. C. 1950. "Community based natural resource management systems : an evaluation of the campfire programme in Zimbabwe : with special reference to Omay, and Makande Communal Lands in Nyaminyami District." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007432.
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Communal Areas Management for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is an innovative community based natural resource management strategy which transfers management and conservation responsibility from the state to the local communities. This thesis critically examines CAMPFIRE's potential for introducing sustainable natural resource management through the detailed examination of CAMPFIRE's implementation in Nyaminyami District, which is located in the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe. Comparisons with other districts are made as appropriate. The theoretical framework of this research is based on an examination of common property theories, theories of bundles of rights, globalisation and the notion of global commons. It is also based on critically examining Zimbabwean, African and international literature dealing with the management of natural resources used in common. There are five specific contributions which the thesis makes. Firstly, common property management is redefined and the difference between resources used in common but which are not common property and common property resources is clarified. Secondly, the study shows that CAMPFIRE is not sustainable whilst it remains dependent on wildlife alone and on a single species - the elephant. Thirdly, the thesis has attempted to extricate the CAMPFIRE concept from the wildlife debate in which it has become entangled and, fourthly, it examines the issues of globalisation and the global commons to show how decisions made at the international level impact on resource utilisation and management at the local level. Finally, the study examines what residual Tonga indigenous knowledge still exists and which aspects can be incorporated into present management systems. Overall, the results of the research suggest that while CAMPFIRE is an innovative strategy for sustainable natural resource management it, has not achieved its major objective of becoming a grassroots rural development strategy. It has become a top down elitist programme which is NGO and donor driven and government constrained. Legislation and policy need formally to address this problem. Finally, the thesis recognises the potential of the CAMPFIRE concept, especially if the weaknesses ofthe programme are addressed.
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Oh, Chi-Ok. "Understanding recreationists' attitudes toward and preferences for natural resources conservation." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2632.
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With ever-increasing demands on scarce natural resources, understanding public attitudes toward natural resources is crucial to accomplishing various management goals for resource conservation and the provision of resource services. Despite numerous studies of public attitudes toward resource conservation since Dunlap and Heffernan
1975), there is a limited understanding of the driving forces underlying recreationists?? activities that contribute to their conservation attitudes and behaviors. Thus, this dissertation investigated the connected causal effects of how recreational anglers develop their conservation attitudes and preferences toward natural resources in light of within- and between-group diversity. Three independent studies, focusing on both recreation specialization and recreationists?? conservation attitudes, were conducted with different research themes. Two different methods, namely, a stated preference discrete choice method and structural equation modeling, were used. The first study examined anglers?? holistic preferences for trade-offs of various management rules and regulations using specialization segmentation. Study results supported that high specialization anglers reported a greater appreciation of and support for resource management practices such as harvest regulations that seek to reduce adverse user impacts than their less specialized counterparts. The second study explored the fostering process of conservation attitudes and behaviors with recreation specialization and other motivational and attitudinal variables. Given that empirical analyses supported the theoretical propositions in the constructed model, recreation specialization and other accrued motivational and attitudinal concepts provided insight to understanding the formation pattern of conservation attitudes and behaviors. The third study examined how the fostering process of attitudes toward resource conservation differed by race and ethnicity. Results indicated that anglers, regardless of their racial and ethnic origins, showed similar patterns of fostering attitudes toward and preferences for resource conservation. As they participated in fishing activity on a regular basis, heterogeneous development in conservation attitudes and preferences were likely to be minimal and be better explained by the framework of recreation specialization. Finally, a summary and synthesis of the findings, agenda for future research, and the management implications were discussed.
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Tallant, Meredith L. Molnar Joseph J. "Internet access, practice adoption, and conservation program participation in three Alabama watersheds." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/TALLANT_MEREDITH_1.pdf.
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Alexander, Louise Boatwright. "Measuring Conservation Success: An Investigation of Land Trusts in North Carolina." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01052010-134542/.
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Local land trusts in North Carolina protect land to conserve natural resources and biodiversity, and to provide public benefits, such as clean air and water. However the success of their efforts is commonly reported in terms of the amount of land protected or money raised in support of conservation rather than in measures that describe whether or not conservations goals have been achieved. In order to determine if the conservation lands protected by local land trusts are meeting the goals they were intended to serve, I reviewed published research, literature and methodologies to identify common practices used to measure conservation success. Findings indicate three fundamental processes that allow organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions which are; 1) conducting status assessments that include articulating specific goals and describing the project context; 2) identifying threats to conservation targets; and 3) identifying, developing, and monitoring specific indicators whose status is a measurable reflection of the conservation targets and interventions. I also surveyed 24 land trusts in North Carolina to determine why they protect lands, what activities they perform that would allow them to evaluate the conservation impact of their work, and how success is reported to the public. From the survey, I conclude that land trusts in North Carolina are unable to determine if the lands they have protected are meeting their conservation goals because they are not consistently setting measurable goals, indentifying specific conservation targets, or monitoring indicators that would reflect conservation impact, processes identified in the literature review as necessary to evaluate conservation projects. I identify the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation framework as an applicable tool for local land trusts to use to focus their conservation efforts and develop measurable goals and report their conservation success.
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LeClerc, Joshua Elliott. "Bird Conservation Value of Golf Courses." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626454.
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Bush, Douglas J. "Bishop Peak Natural Reserve Conservation Plan Update." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1482.
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My master's project is updating the Conservation Plan for the Bishop Peak Natural Reserve (BPNR) in San Luis Obispo, California. It is a professional project for the City of San Luis Obispo, supported by City policy that requires continued management of its open space network through management plans unique to each property. As one of the city's most visited open spaces and one of its most visible natural landmarks, the Bishop Peak Natural Reserve is in need of continued management and oversight. While much of the work in developing the plan focused on identifying issues and developing responsive policy, this background report takes a step back, focusing on the underlying principles and municipal policies which direct those efforts. This paper serves as a background report for the planning process including an overview of methodology and policy development. One of the primary goals set forth in the BPNR update process is to improve of management capacity and increase the potential for successful implementation. To accomplish this, the reports shows how aspects of an Adaptive Management approach can be integrated into plan review and development. This background report is intended to complement the plan itself and therefore issues not covered within this report are covered within the plan.
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Murdock, Jeremy Neal. "Conservation planning, what is used and what is needed a needs assessment survey of the Mississippi National Resources Conservation Service /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11082007-214713.
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Orndorff, Stephanie. "Representational Analyses of Conservation Lands in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OrndorffS2002.pdf.
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Rutabagisha, Rosine. "Environmental conservation and the right to natural resources of indigenous people." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46233.
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Kissinger, Susan M. "Development of an instructional natural resources information model /." Link to abstract, 2002. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2002/Kissinger.pdf.
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Shellabarger, Rachel Marie. "Garbage or Godsend?: Contested Meanings Among Conservation and Humanitarian Groups on the United States Border." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12072009-223639/.
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Conservation and human rights are currently threatened by direct and indirect effects of border enforcement practices on the Arizona-Sonora border. Increased border enforcement in urban areas has pushed migrants into remote conservation areas, threatening both the vulnerable borderland ecosystems and the human migrants passing through them. This study examines responses to human and environmental impacts of border policies in the case study region of Altar Valley in southern Arizona, where migrant traffic has increased greatly as a result of the expanded border enforcement near urban centers. We use ethnographic methods to explore and understand the actions of land-management and humanitarian aid groups attempting to address the socio-ecological crises wrought by increased border enforcement, in order to look for ways to reduce the crises through a better understanding of the context. Community partners include the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, the Coronado National Forest, and the No More Deaths humanitarian aid group, all located within 25 miles of the Arizona-Sonora border. The results of this study, carried out largely during the summer of 2008, describe how the actions of land-management and humanitarian groups eventually conflicted and resulted in littering citations for the humanitarian aid volunteers who left water for migrants along trails on the wildlife refuge. The conflict was branded as an issue of conservation versus human rights. I argue that the conflict between land-management personnel and humanitarian aid volunteers arose not just from differing conservation and humanitarian goals, but from their different conceptions of problems associated with border activity and different ideas of the borderlands as a place.
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Hwehwe, Chenaimoyo Mellissa. "Qualitative Analysis of Social Differences within the Gold mining Value Chain : Case of Shurugwi Mining Sites, Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78697.
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This study is an analysis of social differences in the value chain of small scale artisanal miners in the Shurugwi area in Zimbabwe. Artisanal mining drives the economy of several developing nations including Zimbabwe. However, the different actors in the value chain of the sector play different roles and the power they yield in the process affects what they get in the process and this in turn creates social differentiation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify factors which influence inequalities (social differences) within the Shurugwi artisanal mining value chain. This was a qualitative case study where purposive sampling was used to come up with a sample of 20 gold miners, 8 buyers and 2 millers who operated in the Shurugwi area. Data was collected through interviews and analysis of data was done thematically. This study established that elite players in the gold mining value chain in Shurugwi District, derived most of the benefits while artisanal miners were confined to a life of perpetual poverty, which was a vicious circle and had become hereditary, with sons of miners following the livelihood paths of their fathers. The elite players on the other hand, were presented as sophisticated and although they were mostly not directly involved in the gold extraction activities, they reaped most of the rewards, either as owners of gold claims (who employed others to prospect for gold) or through cheap purchase and processing activities. The study recommends that clear guidelines, guiding the operations of small scale mining activities in the country be collaboratively formulated and implemented to evenly spread the benefits of small scale gold mining activities through the value chain. This research suggests that similar researches be carried out in other small scale gold mining areas in the country so that a more holistic picture of the nature of interactions in the small scale gold mining sector value chain can be grasped. Thereafter, appropriate intervention strategies can then be crafted to manage the nature of these interactions and the resultant social stratifications.Dissertation (MA (Development Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MA (Development Studies)
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Byrd, Lawrence Allen. "The public land manager in collaborative conservation planing: a comparative analysis of three case studies in Montana." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06122009-134838.
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Alsdirawi, Fozia Abdul-aziz. "Wildlife resources of Kuwait: Historic trends and conservation potentials." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184909.
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Kuwait is an arid small country with a severe climate, but an interesting and diverse biological heritage. Historically Kuwait was the home for 28 mammalian, over 300 bird, and 40 reptilian species. Expanding human population and technology are increasingly altering Kuwait's natural habitat. Currently, 8 mammalian species are locally eradicated from Kuwait, but available elsewhere in the Arabian Peninsula. On the endangered list is 4 mammals, 5 birds. The status of most reptiles is unknown. A comprehensive overview of Kuwait's historic and contemporary wildlife is described. Major wildlife habitat types are identified and mapped. A conservation strategy addressing the wildlife and their habitats in Kuwait is suggested. The key to a successful strategy is habitat restoration and protection combined with legal protection of the wildlife. In addition, a program for re-introducing locally eradicated species to their historic range in Kuwait is suggested.
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Moore, Alison. "Queensland NRM volunteers : powerful participants or on the periphery? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19433.pdf.
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Fitzsimons, James Andrew Fitzsimons James Andrew. "The contribution of multi-tenure reserve networks to biodiversity conservation." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050817.103606/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Deakin University, 2004.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 23, 2005). Appendix 19 (p. 297-313): Attitudes and perceptions of land managers and owners in the Grassy Box Woodlands Conservation Management Network : a draft confidential report for the New South Wales National Parks & Wildlife Service. 2002. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rockloff, Susan Fay. "Organising for sustainable natural resource management : representation, leadership and partnerships at four spatial scales /." Rockloff, Susan Fay (2003) Organising for sustainable natural resource management: representation, leadership and partnerships at four spatial scales. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/282/.
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Sustainability of natural resources is currently a concern worldwide. The ecological and economic aspects of sustainability have received substantial research attention, but the social aspects of sustainability are less well understood. Participation by affected communities in natural resource management decisions is pivotal to social sustainability. As such, this study examined ten case studies of participation and decision-making by natural resource management groups involved in agriculture in the south-west of Australia. Groups at four spatial scales were studied, including the State, regional, land conservation district (Shire) and subcatchment.
Drawing on these ten case studies, this study analysed participation in these groups from the perspectives of representation, leadership and partnership. Crucial elements of this analysis included identifying the desirable attributes of participation in terms of achieving social sustainability, and then comparing current practice against these ideals.
The study concludes with comments about the efficacy at each spatial scale of current approaches to participation in terms of social sustainability. Central conclusions from this study follow. Some scales are performing better than others in terms of meeting the expectations expressed through the desirable criteria. The State scale is performing well, in terms of its mandate, with its lower expectations than those ascribed to regional and subcatchment scales clearly being met. On the other hand, the expectations associated with the community- and government-led regional groups and subcatchment groups are enormous.
The only place where there was any major difference between the three was in representation: it was barely considered by respondents from the subcatchment groups, while for the regional groups less of the expectations were met by the community-led than government-led groups. Otherwise they were very similar. The land conservation districts, caught between the regions and subcatchments, seem to be faring the poorest.
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Chiang, Hsin-Hui. "An Approach to Natural Resources Conservation and Regional Development: Ecotourism in Taiwan." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190196.
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Riley, Bijan N. "Irish Hills Natural Reserve Conservation Plan Update." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/569.
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The Irish Hills Natural Reserve Conservation Plan is a unique component of the Cityof San Luis Obispo’s green belt that provides a number of hiking and mountain bikingtrails within a short distance from the downtown core as well as ensures that valuablehabitat be preserved into the future. As the subject of my thesis project, IHNR presented the opportunity to pursue an aspect of city planning that can often be over-looked and, conservation planning. Conservation planning is an important element of the planning profession in that it incorporates such elements into the future growth of cities. With proper planning it is possible to foresee future development patterns and thus be able to designate and protect high value natural resource areas as open space, in order to preserve and protect their resources. In addition to setting the guidelines for preserving and protecting the natural resources and important habitats of Irish Hills, the conservation plan has a secondary effect of ensuring the future health of the surrounding habitats.
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Ellis, Ronald L. "Residential land use policy and conservation development in the Blanco River Basin /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/110/.
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Cash, Jennifer A. "HIV/AIDS and conservation agency capacity in southern Africa perceptions of critical impacts, barriers, and intervention strategies /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302007-112018/.
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Davis, Douglas Stephen. "Availability of Lead, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium to the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) from Waterfowl of the Craney Island Disposal Area." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625446.
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Glass, Kenneth andrew. "Broad Spatial Trends in Osprey Provisioning, Reproductive Success, and Population Growth Within Lower Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626869.
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Askeland, Christina. "Public participation in planning for the Cathedral Peak hutted camp." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19002.
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A critique of the public participation process followed during planning for the development of an eco-tourism facility by the Natal Parks Board, in the Natal Drakensberg Park in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, during a period of political transition in 1994/95. A Preliminary Environmental Assessment was conducted for the Natal Parks Board (NPB) as a group project by five students¹ from the Masters Class in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town. The scoping stage of the assessment focused the collection and assessment of base line data. The Masters Group evaluated the alternatives identified during scoping against the criteria of equity, sustainability and efficiency and based on this evaluation one of the alternatives was recommended to the NPB. The results were presented in a three-volume document consisting of the Main Report, the Public Participation Report and the Appendices. Individual members of the masters group have selected different aspects of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which was done as a group exercise, for more in depth analysis and critique for submission in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy. Public participation in the planning process followed by the NPB has been chosen for this thesis because it is felt that it has been inadequate to date and could be improved upon. This thesis draws on the experience gained by the Masters Group during the scoping phase and aims to identify how the EIA fitted into the planning process followed by the NPB. The focus is on examining the extent to which the approach to public participation in the planning process complied with the requirements of Integrated Environmental Management. The NPB's commitment to public participation has been used as a baseline against which the effectiveness of involvement of the public in the planning process has-been measured .The aim of the thesis was to establish: how the EIA fitted into the broader planning process;+ whether the approach to public participation facilitated input from all Interested and Affected Parties( I&APs); whether involvement of the public fulfilled the requirements of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) and of the stated commitment by the NPB to public participation; what difficulties were experienced by the project proponent in converting the theory of IEM and public participation into practice; whether any improvements could be made to the process. It is felt that the information presented in this thesis could be useful to the NPB in continuing this project and in the planning of other eco-tourism developments.
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Leonce, Tesa Erica. "Natural resource conservation incentives, trade and profit-sharing." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1799900721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lim, Kim Seng. "An integrated conservation plan for Pulau Ubin /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl7322.pdf.
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Murphy, Sean. "Development and Assessment of a Spatial Decision Support System for Conservation Planning." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MurphyS2003.pdf.
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Gentry, Brian. "TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES THEORY ON DEPRESSION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3602.
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Researchers studying the affects of resource loss following a technological disaster have exclusively investigated the acute period directly after the event occurred. This study applied Hobfoll's (1988, 1989) Conservation of Resources model in order to examine the long term effects of resource loss on depression in Cordova, Alaska a decade after the Exxon Valdez Oil spill. Results suggest that resource loss was a more prominent predictor for depression than demographics, involvement in the on-going litigation, or commercial fishing jobs. The research concludes that certain aspects of resource loss are critical in the development of depression after a technological disaster, and in understanding how to address depression in the community.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
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Lai, Shin-kwan Flora, and 黎倩君. "Conservation consideration in Hong Kong: a case study of sites of special scientific interest (SSSI)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259704.
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Hudnor, Amy Claire. "Economic Approaches to Public and Private Land Conservation in the United States." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HudnorAC2007.pdf.
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Brennan, Ruth Eileen. "What lies beneath : probing the cultural depths of a nature conservation conflict in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2016. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/what-lies-beneath(befa0ac7-9719-4cd8-841e-f782ebb3f58e).html.
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On the island of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, the challenges and forces conditioning the community are natural and social. Buffeted by the Atlantic sea and perched at the periphery of the most westerly inhabited islands in Scotland, linguistically different to mainland Scotland, religiously distinct from much of the rest of the Hebrides and bearing the psychological legacy of nineteenth century Highland Clearances, this case-study illustrates how a social-ecological system responds to the dominant narrative of conservation in the marine policy environment. This thesis explores the cultural depths of a conflict between the local community and the Scottish Government around the creation of two marine Special Areas of Conservation (mSAC) off the coast of the island. Barra's rich maritime heritage suggested the presence of embedded values that appeared to be colliding with values driving the mSAC designation process. Visual participatory methods were used to understand what 'conservation' means for the islanders and to find a way of connecting the worldviews of decision-makers with the marine environment lived and experienced by the local community. The story of Barra exposes the perils of isolating the human dimension of conservation and planning that ensures sustainable livelihoods from the natural ecosystem conservation dimension. It considers how challenging the dominant narrative of conservation through the articulation of competing realities can create space for different narratives to emerge. It provides insights into the role played by competing value systems in natural resource management and conservation conflicts.
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Curtayne, Carmen. "Conservation discourses related to natural resource use : local communities and Kruger National Park conservation officers Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6534.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a shift by conservation authorities in post-apartheid South Africa away from management strategies based on law enforcement towards strategies aimed at facilitating local community participation in the management of natural resources. South African National Parks has established community forums in order to facilitate better communication with the communities neighbouring it parks, especially around issues of natural resource consumption. However, at its largest Park, the Kruger National Park, a pervasive miscommunication between the Park and the communities appears to exist despite the ongoing activities of its forums. This study attempted to identify what miscommunication, if any, was occurring between three groups of participants in the Conservation Discourse related to the Kruger National Park environment. The participants were (i) South African National Parks (SANParks) conservation managers, (ii) Kruger Park community outreach officials, and, (iii) members of local communities settled on the borders of the Kruger Park. Specifically, the study was interested in how different perceptions of various participants, who also represent different cultural communities, were foregrounded in relation to different communicative goals. It is suggested that an understanding of where the different Discourses diverge can help identify where possible misunderstandings are occurring which may be resulting in communicative problems. My primary research questions were: (1) how do different communities of practice take part in and construct Conservation Discourse related to the Kruger Parks conservation goals, in particular, those related to the use of natural resources; and, (2) how do members of at least three interest groups construct their own identities in relation to conservation matters in the course of various discursive events where SANParks conservation programmes, particularly those related to the use of natural resources, are topicalised. My assumption was that the Parks conservation officers would have a common Conservation Discourse, and that the local communities would have a common discourse but one which deviates entirely from that of the Parks. From 23 September 2008, I conducted three semi-structured interviews with the Parks conservation officers, I was an observer of a Park departmental meeting as well as a Park Forum, and I conducted a focus group with eight members from one of the local communities. This approach enabled me to collect data from a number of different types of communicative events in order to collate a multidimensional picture of the complete Discourse on Conservation. A number of different Conservation Discourses were identified, some of which present significant discrepancies, and which, as in the case of the two of the departments, may be contributing towards what appears to be a serious breakdown in communication. The communities show that while they are supportive of the populist concept of nature conservation, they are completely unaware of the Parks conservation policies. This lack of awareness indicates a failure of the existing communication between the Park and its neighbouring communities despite the Park Forums having been set-up. Finally, the different discourses also appear to be resulting in misunderstandings and feelings of animosity between the different participants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In post-apartheid Suid-Afrika beweeg bewaringsliggame weg van bestuurstrategieë wat op wetstoepassing gebaseer is, na strategieë wat daarop gemik is om die plaaslike gemeenskap se deelname in die bestuur van natuurlike hulpbronne, te fasiliteer. Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke het gemeenskapsforums in die lewe geroep om beter kommunikasie met die gemeenskappe wat aan sy parke grens, te bewerkstellig, veral rakende kwessies rondom die verbruik van natuurlike hulpbronne. By die grootse Park, te wete die Kruger Nasionale Wildtuin, kom dit egter voor asof miskommunikasie endemies is tussen die Park en sy aangrensende inheemse gemeenskappe, ten spyte van die forums se aktiwiteite. Hierdie studie het nagegaan watter miskommunikasie, indien enige, tussen drie groepe deelnemers aan die Bewaringsdiskoerse rondom die Krugerpark, plaasgevind het. Die deelnemers was (i) Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke (SANParke)-bewaringsbestuurders, (ii) Krugerpark Gemeenskapsuitreikbeamptes, en (iii) lede van plaaslike gemeenskappe wat op die grense van Krugerpark gevestig is. Die studie het spesifiek gekyk na hoe verskillende persepsies van die onderskeie deelnemers, wat ook verskillende kulturele gemeenskappe verteenwoordig, in die diskoerse op die voorgrond geplaas is afhangende van verskillende kommunikatiewe doelwitte. Daar word voorgestel dat begrip van waar die verskillende diskoerse uiteenloop, kan help om te identifiseer waar moontlike misverstande wat tot kommunikasie-probleme lei, ontstaan. My primêre navorsingsvrae was: (1) hoe neem verskillende gemeenskappe wat rondom gedeelde praktyke gevestig is deel aan Bewaringsdiskoerse wat die Krugerpark se bewaringsoogmerke (en veral daardie oogmerke wat met die gebruik van natuurlik hulpbronne te make het) en hoe konstrueer hulle daardie Diskoerse; en (2) hoe konstrueer lede van ten minste drie belangegroepe hul eie identiteite vis à vis bewaringskwessies in die loop van verskeie diskursiewe gebeurtenisse waar SANParke se bewaringsprogramme, veral daardie wat met die gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne te doen het, bespreek word. My aanname was dat die Park se bewaringsbeamptes 'n gemeenskaplike Bewaringsdiskoers sou hê, en dat die plaaslike gemeenskappe 'n gemeenskaplike Diskoers sou hê wat heeltemal van die Park s'n verskil. Ek het van 23 September 2008 drie semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met die Park se bewaringsbeamptes gevoer, ek was 'n nie-deelnemende waarnemer by een van die Park se departementele vergaderings asook by 'n Park Forum, en ek het 'n fokusgroep met agt lede van een van die plaaslike gemeenskappe gelei. Hierdie benadering het my daartoe in staat gestel om data van verskeie tipes kommunikatiewe gebeurtenisse in te samel, om sodoende 'n multi-dimensionele beeld van die volledige Bewaringsdiskoers saam te stel. 'n Aantal verskillende Bewaringsdiskoerse is geïdentifiseer, waarvan party noemenswaardige diskrepansies toon en wat, soos in die geval van die twee departemente, moontlik bydra tot wat lyk na 'n ernstige breuk in kommunikasie. Die gemeenskappe toon dat, hoewel hulle die algemene konsep van natuurbewaring ondersteun, hulle heeltemal onbewus is van die Park se formele bewaringsbeleid. Hierdie gebrek aan 'n bepaalde soort bewussyn dui op mislukking van die bestaande kommunikasiestrukture tussen die Park en aangrensende gemeenskappe, ten spyte van die instelling van die Park Forums. Uiteindelik blyk dit dat die verskillende Diskoerse ook lei tot misverstande en gevoelens van vyandiggesindheid tussen die verskillende deelnemers.
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Hagos, Fitsum. "Poverty, institutions, peasant behavior and conservation effort in Northern Ethiopia." [Ås, Norway] : Norges landbrukshøgskole, 2003. http://www.nlh.no/ios/Publikasjoner/avhandling/a2003-2.pdf.
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Fiebig, Michael Thomas. "Place-Based Conservation Legislation And National Forest Management: The Case Of The Beaverhead-Deerlodge Partnership." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232008-084030/unrestricted/Fiebig_Michael_Thesis_PDF.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Montana, 2008.Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 20, 2009. ETD number: etd-12232008-084030. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lee, Kit-tak Jessica. "Conservation and recreation in country parks /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814278.
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