Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consolidation de la paix'
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Hamdi, Mehdi. "Les opérations de consolidation de la paix." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474193.
Full textChristmann, Olivia. "La consolidation de la paix en Bosnie-Herzégovine : instruments de paix européens et limites." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010273.
Full textAlesandrini, Diana-Maria. "Contribution à l'étude de l'administration internationale au service de la paix : le cas des missions de consolidation de la paix." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1061.
Full textStudy of contemporary international relations shows the increasing involvement of the international community and especially the international organizations in states'internal affairs. On behalf of the need to mitigate the threats to security and to international peace, the shield, which once represented the state sovereignty is gradually cracked and areas reserved to the states wither. Instituted to preserve peace but confronted with new forms of conflict, the United Nations have adapted their actions to protect the population. We first experienced the maintenance of peace missions and then operations to enforce peace have emerged. Finally, peacebuilding has become ubiquitous and the United Nations sometimes opts for the direct administration of territories. The international administration of territory however is not a phenomenon created by the United Nations, since there is an occupation regime. In the wake of these occupations, was established a regime supposed to promote the return of peace. First from states, the administration of territories has evolved. It has gradually institutionalized. There are rules dedicated to the administration of a territory by an authority which does not emanate: it is the law of occupation. It was therefore appropriate in this study to question these rules and consider the possibility of applying them to peacebuilding missions, if they participate in the administration of a territory and have in their power the civilian population. We are more committed to bring a global perspective on the institutionalization of the process, keeping in mind the rules governing the occupation of the territories
Ntumba, Kapita Patrice. "La pratique onusienne des opérations de consolidation de la paix : analyse, bilan et perspectives." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20010/document.
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Légaré, Kathia. "Une paix chaotique : une reconstruction politique soumise aux interdépendances transnationales : étude comparée des cas du Liban et de la Bosnie-et-Herzégovine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27467.
Full textWhen war ends with a settlement, political institutions, norms and rules defining authority, are the main topics of conflict. The aim of this thesis is to understand why in this context reconstruction is so messy. It demonstrates that political reconstruction follows a cycle which alternates between phases of status quo, debate (transformation), and crisis (contestation). This process is primarily influenced by the degree of societal division and of complexity of the international environment. When the political space is deeply divided and the international environment conflictual, as it is the cases of Lebanon and Bosnia-and-Herzegovina, the cycle speeds up because of the multiple possibilities of transnational connections. These two processes were at first frozen, and were reactivated a few years later by transnational coalitions. These coalitions promoted state-building reforms which succeeded in pushing reforms forward, and gave way to multilateral negotiations unseen since the end of the war. However, this transformative period soon gave rise to contestation that made way for a political crisis, followed by a return to a new status quo. This change in political climate can be best explained by the disengagement of interveners supporting state-building measures, and by external pressures to speed up reforms. It weakened pro-reform coalitions and supported the return to more radical political objectives.
Da, Sanbèlè Dominique. "Les organisations internationales économiques et la consolidation de la paix dans les Etats sortant de conflits armés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD007/document.
Full textPeacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict is a multidimensional and complex undertaking that requires significant resources (financial, technical, human …). Among a wide spectrum of actors in this field, it is relevant to focus on the precise role and contribution of international economic organizations whose intervention in fragile countries including post-conflict, is very often criticized. The economic international organizations concerned are international financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, and regional development banks), regional economic communities (ECOWAS, ECCAS, ASEAN ...), and OECD. In order to increase the chances of achieving peacebuilding, it is necessary to determine whether these international economic organizations are an integral part of the solution or rather if they are the problem. First of all, the analysis is focused on the legality and the intervention tools (financial mechanisms, technical mechanisms ...) of international economic organizations in post-conflict contexts. Then the impact of their method and their intervention tools on achieving the objectives of peacebuilding, is discussed. Recurrent priorities of peacebuilding and those specific to one or some post-conflict countries are particularly addressed. Finally, given the constant changes occurring in post-conflict contexts, and as the Secretary General of the United Nations has often reiterated in his different reports on peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict, it necessary to improve the involvement of different actors. In the same vein, optimization outlooks for the intervention of international economic organizations in peacebuilding are identified
Gout, Philippe. "L’appréhension de l’ordre juridique coutumier infra-étatique par le droit international : l’expérience soudanaise de la consolidation de la paix." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020031.
Full textThe international peacebuilding intervention model was conceptualized in the 1990’s by the United Nations. It originates from theoretical approaches within Global Administrative Law that promote a materialist and alienating understanding of the concept of sovereignty and monist theories of international law. Peacebuilding aims at establishing liberal rule of law that fosters democratic good governance and the protection of individual human rights. A close scrutiny of this international peacebuilding framework in two exemplary settings in Sudan (Darfur, the “two areas” of South Kordofan and Blue Nile) allows for an analysis of the general legal regime of the peacebuilding model. In the interest of upholding the state’s rule of law, peacebuilding dismantles any competing infra-state legal order. Such so-called autonomous ‘customary’ orders are theorized here following Italian institutionalism and a formalist approach to law. This enables an understanding of how international law maneuvers the constituent elements of such legal orders. Maneuvering of infra-state customary legal orders is enacted through localized and temporary development and transitional justice programs based on the institution of the “trust”. The peacebuilding model consequently appears as a renewed and fleeting form of internationalized administration of territories borrowing from the League of Nations mandate or the United Nations trust systems. By drawing on customary legal orders, international law alienates the constituent elements therein at the price of an acknowledge paradox: international law denies any legal nature to the customary legal orders with which it interacts on a daily basis
Maendeleo, Rutakaza Rachel. "L'action internationale dans le maintien, le rétablissement et la consolidation de la paix en République démocratique du Congo de 1998 à 2008." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30001.
Full textIf the explosion of the East/West system marks the end of the idea of global confrontation as model of the war since the end of the second world conflict, we more fundamentally have to wonder about the changes which took place since the 90s as regards the status of the very war and about the role of the peace operations in the international relations. The political crises ensuing from internal conflicts are sources of destabilization and weakening of the local institutions which undergo the tumult and weaken the capacity of the actors to go out of such a political situation. The necessity of strengthening the local capacities during this pivotal period to avoid the recurring crises is translated by the presence of the international community which spreads a multitude of strategies. There is indeed in the grammar of United Nations a continuum in the modes of crises’ management which goes the most reserved forms of the persuasion to certain modalities of coercive diplomacy, implying a use limited by the violence. When we examine the peace operations in RDC, dynamic set tensions and connections, oscillating between order and disorder in its institutional expressions, the report which gets free is that the question of the peace requires an analysis which takes into account several factors. Hence the use of an interdisciplinary approach, involving both critical currents in international relations (critical constructivism) while combining the sociology of international relations. Our study attempts to estimate the relevance and the coherence of the practices and the conducts of the international actors in a better way axiological and ideological outlines of the management of the iterative crises
Meng, Jin. "Contributions de la Chine et de la Francophonie dans la consolidation de la paix en Afrique Francophone : les cas du Mali, de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Sénégal." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3039.
Full textPeace and security in Africa both condition the durability of Sino-African cooperation, a reason for concern to the member-states of IOF. Recurring conflicts hinder the take-off of African countries, and demand the commitment of international actors of various kinds, nation states as well as IGOs. China and IOF both contribute to the peace process in French-speaking Africa in different ways. Beyond the gap in their respective visions as well as their approaches, thinking should be elaborated about complementarities in peace-building, the multi-dimensional characteristics of which require involvement by diverse actors.The peace-building process provides a relevant prism for studying changes in Chinese diplomacy, and the specific features of IOF as a transnational organization. Submitting them to mutual scrutiny gives us keener insights on the peculiarities and similarities in their perceptions and operative mechanisms.How China and IOF do they engage in the peace-building? How do they approach the notions of peace and conflicts in their own representations? How do the Africans perceive their respective approaches? This inquiry is correlated to the best of Chinese thinking and Western theoretical trends, without forgetting African realities and expectations as evidenced through our field interviews
非洲和平与安全问题是中非合作持久发展的前提条件,也是法语国家组织成员国的共同忧患。反复爆发的冲突成为非洲国家崛起的障碍。这使民族国家和国际组织积极介入其中。中国和法语国家组织以不同方式为非洲法语国家和平进程作出贡献。建设和平的多维性需要不同行为体的介入, 它们的视角和方案虽有所差别,但我们有必要对其政策的互补性进行研究。建设和平不仅为我们的研究提供了观察中国外交政策演变的独特视角,而且充分体现了法语国家组织作为跨国际组织的特殊性。通过中国与法语国家组织的换位分析,我们能更有效地审视它们认知层面和行动机制的特点,同时凸显出两者的共通之处。非洲国家冲突的根源有哪些?建设和平的关键是什么?中国和法语国家组织如何介入其中 ? 它们怎样解读和平与冲突的概念?如何看待民主与发展的关联性?如何定义在非洲法语国家建设和平政策的重点?非洲政府与民众对其政策有何看法?为了思考这些问题,我们以中国传统与现代思想和西方理论流派为分析工具,以非洲实地采访作为研究支撑,进行深入探讨。
Tekebeng, Lele Télesphore. "Le système africain de sécurité et les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA014.
Full textThe demand and/or suggestion of an Africanization of peacekeeping in Africa should lead to the reform of the African security system. This is a normative and institutional reform aimed at giving a new orientation to the operational framework in order to enhancing the continent's contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security. This work has been carried out both at the regional level and at the regional economic community (REC) level, which are an integral part of the African peace and security architecture as built within and around the African Union. The most emblematic is for the AU to have a right of intervention where certain RECs, like ECOWAS, have already taken initiatives to respond to the most diverse crises including the genocide. On the whole, this is a significant step forward in the system thus put in place. However, it is difficult to see a typical African model of peacekeeping operations, as it is true that the two segments, operational organization and deployment, reveal a heteronormativity and a multi-institutional deployment. This is probably due to the fragility of certain state actors, which hampers any effort to build a strong Community security system, which in addition requires measures to (re) build the state, supported by international institutions, Starting with the first - the United Nations
Qaissi, Omar. "La notion de consolidation de la paix après les conflits à travers la pratique de l'organisation des Nations-Unies : essai d'une systématisation et d'une juridicisation du phénomène post-conflictuel." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20006.
Full textThe concept of post-conflict Peacebuilding -introduced formally for the first time by the former Secretary General of the UN Boutros Boutros-Ghali in his "Agenda for Peace" - released a functional autonomy manifested materially in the UN practice through its action on two principals axes: First, post-conflict situations to erase with the aftermath of the conflict, then the root causes of conflicts to destroy germs. Adopting this analysis, the consolidation of peace through its functional autonomy has developed the UN action to prevent recurrence of conflict. Noting that the consolidation of peace will not become operational until the end of a conflict, it can confirm that it is a legal concept alien to the Charter, and therefore does not legal autonomy in this incomplete text in post-conflict. This is because the substantive and procedural rules of this text are directed primarily to the cessation of conflict with by principle of prohibition of use of force. So saying, the post-conflict dimension of the Charter is non-existent. This raises the question of which legal value could have the concept of Peacebuilding in the law of the Charter? The UN practice had shown that the United Nations Law with the aim of finding a place for this concept in it will make a dynamic reading of the Charter by focusing his mind from his letter, so that everything that goes beyond the reference standard is considered an element of continuity and not rupture. From this dynamic interpretation, the law of the Charter will build peace on a legal basis atypical obeys no specific legal taxonomy. We are thus faced with a legal basis for disparate can marry at once three chapters of the Charter: VI, VII and VII. Concerning legal regime of Peacebuilding, United Nations practice showed that it could be a United Nations law derived from the ad hoc nature and sui generis produced in the post-conflict period, whose the object and purpose are intended to prevent recurrence of conflict. Accordingly, the consolidation had concretely shown that the post-conflict phenomenon was confirmed and harden in the law and practice United Nations practice, which tempted his systematization and juridification
Bado, Arsene Brice. "Building peace by supporting post-conflict electoral processes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27103.
Full textThe record of the international community is mixed regarding support of post-conflict electoral processes developed to consolidate peace in countries emerging from internal armed conflict. It has constituted the empirical puzzle this dissertation strives to explore through the following questions: Is foreign electoral assistance effective as a tool for peace making in post-conflict societies? What determines the success or failure of electoral assistance as a tool for peace making in war-torn societies? In this dissertation, I developed and implemented an actors-centered, post-conflict electoral assistance theory that proposes ways to achieving peace consolidation in countries torn by civil war. I have argued that the key element for the success of post conflict elections in restoring peace is the extent to which electoral assistance builds the negotiation capacity of stakeholders in both the peace process as well as in the post-conflict electoral process. It is of vital importance that in post-conflict settings, comprehensive and effective electoral assistance must combine both the electoral process and the peace process. Electoral assistance will be unsuccessful if it focuses only on the technical aspects of the electoral process to ensure free and fair elections. To be effective in post-conflict countries, electoral assistance must contribute to establishing a durable peace by facilitating dialogue between former parties to the conflict and other societal groups, encouraging negotiation, and emphasizing compromise. Consequently, in post-conflict settings, an electoral process should not focus solely on strengthening electoral institutions that can guarantee free and fair elections. Emphasis should also be placed on additional factors that can prevent the recurrence of war, such as the abilities of individuals and groups to negotiate and reach compromises over major issues that may threaten the peace process. Even internationally acclaimed free and fair post-conflict elections, such as the one that took place in Liberia in 1997, do not necessarily prevent further war. From this standpoint, in order to be effective, electoral assistance in post-conflict settings must take a comprehensive approach that prioritizes such activities as civic education, awareness programs about citizens’ rights and responsibilities in a democratic society, public debate on divided issues, political participation, skills training, and any other activity that might help various parties in building their capacity for negotiation and compromise. Foreign electoral assistance that encompasses such issues will make a substantial contribution to consolidating the peace even in the context of imperfect elections, like those held in Sierra Leone in 2002 or Liberia in 2005. While the literature regarding electoral assistance in post-conflict situations does not ignore the importance of various stakeholders (K. Kumar, 1998, 2005), it has heavily focused on institutional mechanisms such as the reforms of laws and constitutions as well as on the development of electoral administrations, including electoral commissions, offices of voter registration, polling stations, election monitoring, etc. (Carothers & Gloppen, 2007). In other words, policy-makers and scholars have ascribed more importance to the design and enforcement of the framework and rules of the electoral process than to the assistance to participants in the post-conflict electoral process. I propose that now is the time to take into account the participants themselves through the above mentioned types of electoral assistance activities that would foster their ability to engage in peaceful debate over contested issues in an effort to find compromise. This more comprehensive form of electoral assistance can transform the electoral process to be not only an experience of the election of legitimate leaders, but also, and more importantly, to be a time during which participants learn to settle their conflicting points of view through debate, compromise and ultimately, through ballots and not through bullets. For, if the total framework of the process matters, the outcome of the process will rely on how participants comply with the rules.
Kaufman, Daniel Joseph. "Factors affecting the magnitude of premiums paid to target shareholders in corporate acquisitions /." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265131756.
Full textSainovic, Ardijan. "Acteurs locaux et acteurs internationaux dans la construction de l’Etat. : Une approche interactionniste du cas du Kosovo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0765.
Full textHow can international actors build legitimate institutions following intra-state conflict? In other words, what factors determine the outcome of post-conflict statebuilding? On the one hand, the dominant approach, termed "technical", argues that significant resources (financial, human and political) allow international actors to build the required institutions. In Kosovo, international actors have established an international administration with executive powers, extending and sustaining resources throughout process. However, the success of statebuilding generally is mixed. On the other hand, the so-called "liberal peace" paradigm affirms that liberalization (political and economic) is a contributing factor to the limited success of post-conflict operations because it is either misapplied, illegitimate or even dangerous for societies emerging from violent conflicts. The liberal peace approach neglects these facts and ignores variations in international intentions. It is based, as is the technical approach, on an implicit (erroneous) assumption of an asymmetry in power relationships in favor of international actors. The result is that, these approaches fail to acknowledge the possibility of local actors resisting international standards and objectives.To explain variations in the success of statebuilding, we present an alternative theoretical model where a multi-level, sequential approach is modeled to a two-level game. Our thesis is as follows: variations in the statebuilding success are the function of strategic interactions, themselves determined by changes both in preferences and the power relationships between international actors and domestic political elites. Statebuilding is seen here as an interactive process, potentially linking three key actors who dominate any post-conflict political landscape. In unique conditions, no statebuilding process or international reforms need pose a threat to the political power of local elites - power derived from two pillars, i.e. nationalism and informal practices. Rather, international actors mobilise sufficient resources to induce local elites to adopt and implement the desired reforms.However, the preferences of the actors are very rarely aligned. In the case of Kosovo, it has been shown that international statebuilding has been instrumentalized and undermined by divergent and contradictory preferences among key actors. The international actors’ desire was to create a democratic and multinational state, but they opted for stability instead because they had to deal with local political elites - Kosovar-Albanian and Kosovar-Serb. The latter were concerned about maintaining their power over, and domination of, their group over others as well as maintaining leadership within their own group. This has led to a multiplication of authorities and a fragmentation of legitimacy: two distinct political and social systems persist, preventing the development of a cohesive and multinational state. While EU intervention has brought about a game change and helped to calm the situation on the ground, tensions persist, reaffirming the compromise that has taken place
Konga, François. "L’encadrement juridique de l’action des Nations Unies en République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100156.
Full textThe legal framework for UN action in the DRC is analysed in order to determine the norms and rules guiding the effictive control of the tasks assigned to peacekeeping operations in the restoration and consolidation of peace. This thesis deals with supervision both from the introspective angle of the actors in the internal and from the reconstruction of the political system of the post-conflict state and its population. The laboratory character of MONUSCO in the practice of the protection of civilians, set as the highest priority of the mandate, explores two approaches to the maintenance of peace (legal and political). By invoking it , the Mission develops a remarkable hyperactivity through unusual initiatives, tools, tactics, mechanisms, civil and military posture. Due to their active participation in hostilities, the homogeneity of the status of peacekeepers presents ambiguities. Renewing the problematic of United Nations action in the post-conflict reconstruction of the state, this thesis questions the balance of legality - legitimacy of intervention through the internationalization of normativity. At the same time, it provides a new perspective : the plasticity of the concept of protecting civilians in the practice of the Mission. This research leads to the conclusion that the legal framework of the UN action is evolutionary, resolute and entrenched by international law but that the activities of the Mission are part of a network of norms and values which do not exclusively êrtain to international law
Gallyamova, Renata F. Bertus Mark J. "The impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the premia paid for target companies in mergers and acquisitions." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1521.
Full textLoisel, Sébastien. "L'Union européenne et le soutien aux capacités africaines de maintien de la paix: Espaces sectoriels et processus d'institutionnalisation au sein de la politique étrangère européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209136.
Full textL’émergence et l’institutionnalisation de ces pratiques au niveau européen ne peuvent être réduites à une logique fonctionnelle ni au produit de rapports de force interétatiques, institutionnels ou bureaucratiques. Leur compréhension nécessite de prendre en compte la différenciation des espaces sociaux (ou secteurs) qui structurent les jeux d’acteurs au sein de la politique étrangère européenne autour d’enjeux, de règles et de luttes spécifiques (Buchet de Neuilly, 2005a ;Mérand, 2008a). Le soutien de l’UE aux capacités africaines de maintien de la paix apparaît dans cette perspective comme le produit de luttes récurrentes au sein et à l’intersection des secteurs du développement et de la sécurité qui en ont partiellement reconfiguré les représentations dominantes et les règles établies. Ces luttes ont mobilisé des acteurs distincts en réaction à des chocs externes différents ou interprétés différemment selon les secteurs considérés. Elles ont également suscité des résistances spécifiques et abouti à des pratiques sectoriellement différenciées.
Au-delà de leur enjeu manifeste, celui du maintien de la paix en Afrique, l’émergence et l’institutionnalisation de ces pratiques révèlent ainsi certains des jeux sectoriels et intersectoriels qui se déploient au sein de la politique étrangère européenne autour de la définition des modalités légitimes d’usage et de contrôle de ses ressources. Au sein du secteur du développement, ces luttes se sont concentrées sur la légitimité d’utiliser des fonds dédiés à la coopération pour financer des activités de nature militaire. Au sein du secteur de lasécurité, elles ont porté sur l’agrégation au niveau européen de ressources diplomatiques et militaires nationales au détriment de modes d’action bilatéraux et d’arènes de coordination non spécifiquement européennes comme l’OTAN ou l’ONU. A l’intersection de ces deux secteurs enfin, elles se sont cristallisées autour du degré de contrôle des diplomates sur les ressources propres à l’aide au développement ou, en d’autres termes, autour du degré d’autonomie dont bénéficient les acteurs de développement européens vis-à-vis de la PESC/PSDC.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rayroux, Antoine. "Pratiques et usages de l'Europe dans le maintien de la paix : la coopération franco-irlandaise au Tchad." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10126.
Full textThis dissertation is about European Union-led military operations and their effects on two issues: processes of Europeanization and the evolution of peacekeeping. For rational choice scholars, Europeanization reflects the preferences of Europe’s main powers, which impose those preferences on other states, especially when it comes to defence policies. On the opposite, constructivists argue that handling international crises collectively results in adaptations and a certain rapprochement of national ways to do things. To sort out this debate, this research puts forward and defends a sociological approach to EU military operations, which is inspired by the practice turn in international relations and usages of Europe in European studies. This approach emphasizes the context of interaction, actors’ social strategies, and the merits of an interpretive method grounded in actors’ experiences. The empirical demonstration rests upon a qualitative and comparative analysis of two most different cases: French and Irish actors during the military operation EUFOR Tchad/RCA, in which they got involved. The research concludes that Europeanization is not a linear and homogenous phenomenon, and that its shape mostly depends on the context and actors under scrutiny. At the political and decisional level (in Brussels), national logics prevail, and each actor tries to take advantage of its opportune resources (material, ideal, symbolic) in order to enforce its national preferences. However, the further one moves away from Brussels (towards the operation’s headquarters or the field), the more military actors – the main actors concerned with EU operations – develop common practices that come on top of their national singularities. The operational context of peacekeeping yields dynamics of socialization and learning, which themselves make common usages of military Europe possible. These usages make up the grounds of a “European” approach to peacekeeping, which is a hybrid combination of existing practices imported from other contexts (national, NATO, UN) and new, EU-specific practices. However, this Europeanization tends to remain mostly at the military’s level. It does not bring about convergence at the formal, political and decisional level, where national dynamics still prevail.
Thèse réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique)
Aguayo, Armijo Francisca. "La coordination entre organisations internationales en matière de reconstruction post-conflit." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D044/document.
Full textCoordination in post-conflict reconstruction seeks to bring together international security, humanitarian aid an development aid. These fields of activity have been traditionally assigned to different international organizations and even within organizations with cross-sectorial competence as the UN, to different bodies. However, the interlink between these activities have resulted in an extension of the field of competence of each organization, which has reinforced the interdependence, overlap and duplication of their activities. In this regard, the scope of activity is circumscribed within the institutional framework of each organization, without granting legal implications to the field of competence of other organizations. Therefore, coordination cannot be achieved through a division of competence aiming at eliminating the overlaps and duplications (negative coordination). In practice, coordination in post-conflict reconstruction seeks to establish cooperation mechanisms in order to enable a joint exercise of competences by the organizations and their bodies (positive coordination). This exercise takes place within the context of the autonomy of international organizations, which is protected at varying degrees by both the organizations and their member state. Thus, methods of coordination must be flexible enough not only to allow for tailored and context-specific responses but also to be in line with the general framework guiding the relationships among organizations, which explains the value of soft law in the process of coordination
Dziura, Irina. "Intégration communautaire des populations marginalisées par le conflit interne colombien en milieu rural caribéen, 2016-2019." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68748.
Full textFor more than fifty years, Colombia has experienced an internal conflict with broad repercussions affecting the entire country. This conflict, opposing the government and the main guerilla group in the country, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, People's Army (FARC-ep), has resulted in the displacement of a large number of people, living in rural areas or in precarious situations. There are many flaws in the implementation of the peace agreements signed in2016, both from an economic, political and social point of view. Apart from the fact that the sustainability of the communities of FARC-ep veterans is uncertain, it is possible to observe that the civilian populations also find themselves victims of the failure of the agreements since these were also intended to be beneficial to them. The question this research attempts to answer is: How can the vulnerable population groups in Colombia participate in their own sustainable settlement at the level of their community, environments and individuals? Analysis methods field data in the Caribe region include discourse and content analysis. The analysis enabled to understand, at least in part, that national and subnational government bodies fail, due to a lack of involvement, decentralization of power and the desire to promote citizen participation, to put in place the democratic foundations for the maintenance of peace and the reintegration of ex-combatants into the fabric of Colombian rural and urban society.
Durante más de cincuenta años, Colombia ha experimentado un conflicto armado interno con varias repercusiones en todo el país. Este conflicto, al oponerse el gobierno a la principal guerrilla del país, las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Ejército Popular (FARC-ep), resultó el desplazamiento de una gran cantidad de personas, que viven en zonas rurales o en situaciones precarias. La implementación de los acuerdos de paz de 2016 ha conocido muchas fallas, desde el punto de vista económico, político o social. Aparte el facto que la durabilidad de las comunidades de los veteranos de las FARC-ep es incierto, es posible de observar que las poblaciones civiles en este país están también victimas del fracaso de los acuerdos ya que también se pretendía beneficiarlos. La cuestión de investigación a la que esta investigación intenta de responder es: En que las poblaciones vulnerables de Colombia pueden participar a sus propios establecimientos sostenible al nivel de sus comunidades, de los medios y de los individuos. Los métodos de análisis de datos de campo en la región del Caribe incluyen análisis de contenido y discurso. El análisis permitió comprender, al menos en parte, que los órganos de gobierno nacional y subnacional fracasan, por falta de implicación, descentralización del poder y la voluntad de promover la participación ciudadana, para sentar las bases democráticas para el mantenimiento de la paz y la reintegración de los excombatientes al tejido de la sociedad rural y urbana colombiana.
Damba, Nicole. "Education à la paix." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081774.
Full textBENCHEIKH, LATMANI OMAR. "L'ocean indien : zone de paix." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010315.
Full textNikolaeva, Desislava. "Le droit de la diplomatie préventive : étude de la règle de prévention en droit international public contemporain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA009.
Full textInternational law regulates States’ diplomacy for the purpose of preventing insecurity, and, by extension, armed conflicts. Accordingly, the law of preventive diplomacy reflects, in a sense, the idea that prevention of imminent risks of serious material damages defines a general principle of international law. The assertion of such a principle is based on an inductive analysis of the major treaties on collective security concluded between 1899 and 1945. It is verified in light of their application by Member States of the League of Nations and, since 1945, of the United Nations. The general nature of this principle is deduced from a combined study of the jurisprudence of a number of international courts and tribunals in various fields of international law. Those findings support the idea that individual and collective efforts of conflict prevention are subject to the respect of a general legal regime governing the current international system of peace-maintenance and collective security
Jocelyne, Vivien. "Élaboration d’un matériel pédagogique pour l’éducation à la paix basé sur des modèles de paix." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9600.
Full textAkemakou, Njinga Nessan. "L’existence d’une « paix autoritaire » en Afrique ? : une réflexion antithétique à la théorie de la paix démocratique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10022.
Full textThe theory of democratic peace derived from Kantianism posits that democratic states maintain peaceful relationships amongst them. However, one cannot fail to observe nolens volens that since 1945 there has been no direct military confrontation between two regimes considered as democratic. Notwithstanding the arguments that have been put forward to explain this state of peace—the peaceful nature of democracies, the values of economic and political liberalism, etc.—are questionable, especially when some virtues of peacefulness are attributed to democracies and warmongering vices to autocracies. This study attempts to put to the test the premises of this theoretical liberal model while introducing the hypothesis of an “authoritarian peace”. It transpires that the nature of a regime does not affect the way it handles its external affairs. The authoritarian regimes like their democratic counterparts generally exist peacefully side by side. Yet, this hypothesis is not without its own limitations. While authoritarianism does not represent an aggravating factor of conflictuality internationally, it can have an adverse effect domestically. It is for instance a cause and a catalyst of the dynamics of internal warfare in African states. It weakens the social body and causes the autolysis of its cells, ie. the citizens. Other factors such as the monopolization of political power, neo-property management, lack of effective governance, ethnicity, etc. can explain the high prevalence of civil wars in Africa. The identity factor is not as important as the current literature suggests. In fact, despite the plurality of their causes, these conflicts generally occur due to the lack of equitable sharing of political power and economic resources. There is also the fact that the power-holders often fail to pay proper regard to some ethnic communities. Ethnicity is therefore simply the by-product of these main causes, stoked up by some political entrepreneurs in pursuit of their political ends. These causes of conflictuality should not be divorced from the failure of the post-colonial African state, structurally inadequate and therefore incapable of bringing to a halt the fratricidal spiral of warfare which has transformed Africa into a large sepulchre. In view of this fact, there is a need to find a theory for a model of state and governance that could guarantee a lasting peace; that would be suitable for the African countries; and that would take into account their endogenous realities and their own cultural and sociological characteristics
Clerc, Lidwine. "Semer les graines de la paix : les Organisations Internationales et l’éducation à la paix au Kenya." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH034.
Full textThis thesis investigates Kenya's governmental journey into peace education through a qualitative case study and multi-sited ethnography. The relentless post-election violence of 2007-2008 signed the beginning of extensive peace building activities. Our analysis starts right at independence, in 1963; a corner stone in the national history since it rendered Kenya to Kenyans but also because the country's structural violence, social injustices, started building up in the hands of Africans. We reviewed the history of national politics to understand notions of ethnic group, ethnic community, ethnic politics in addition to unequal land allocations and internal borders. Accordingly main reasons of ethnic conflicts were assessed as well. Besides behavioural violence, Kenya is greatly challenged in terms of internal security; by rapid urbanization and ever growing slum areas with high rates of unemployed youth and by facing daily tough issues with over 500,000 refugees on its soil. We also reviewed briefly the ubiquitous corruption as an underlying matter of the issues above mentioned. Kenya made peace with an international mediation and the implementation of four agendas attending to proximate and long term issues. This thesis explored why, and most importantly, how peace education rallied round to the national peace building cause; further wondering if peace education had an impact on structural violence. Our review started at the beginning of the peace education programme in the MoEST headquarters with UNHCR and later with UNICEF. Afterwards, a national peace education campaign was built in sight of the notably peaceful 2013-general election, alongside with other activities. Kenya became the continental lead country of the ADEA: ICQN-PE, learning and sharing experiences with fellow African countries. A governmental policy on peace education was launched in 2014 with UNICEF and UNESCO; peace education now belongs to the patrimony of Kenya
Ford, Daniel J. (Daniel Jerome). "Inbound freight consolidation : a simulation model to evaluate consolidation rules." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36145.
Full text"June 2006."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).
In logistics, freight can be consolidated over time (temporally) or over space (spatially). This thesis presents a simulation model to evaluate temporal and spatial consolidation rules. The model is the result of a research project to analyze freight consolidation options for a large industrial company. The research project focused on the company's freight imported from China to the US, and the model presented in the thesis is structured to represent a typical import logistics network. The results section of the thesis presents a method for evaluating consolidation rules. The results recommend temporal consolidation of two weeks at the origin port and temporal consolidation of less than one week at the factory for the company's shipments from China to the US. This consolidation policy offers total network cost savings of 24% over the base case, an immediate ship policy.
by Daniel J. Ford, Jr.
M.Eng.in Logistics
Martineau, Jean-Luc. "L'Union européenne et la reconstruction post-conflit de l'Etat : contribution à la formation d'un droit international de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20027.
Full textIn the framework of International Relations, Post Conflict Reconstruction of the State is a major and actual stake. European Union under the auspices of United Nations, supports all initiatives to restore or build a state order which give a chance for a stable peace based on human values. Nevertheless, European Union defines his interventions in function of his own interests. Post-conflicts States don’t have a right to reconstruction. A mix of european institutional actors decide and design the european response dedicated to failed Post-conflict States. This response is not isolated, she is included in a network of parternship.After a conflict, the regional organization set up a mix of legal or operational mechanisms, and military or civilian capacities. The european activism in this domain can be very strong. Sometimes, it seems as a trusteeship of EU on Post conflicts States. Consequently, European Union contributes to design and implement the international law of the State reconstruction. EU promotes norms and international standards. It initiates european norms and standards dedicated to the recovery of states. Consequently, European Union possess global capacities in the matter of post-conflict reconstruction. That is to say that Europe is proposing to rebuild the state in its three traditional components: population, territory and state apparatus
Lamarre-Bolduc, Kelie. "La reconstruction et le développement des milieux ruraux en période post-conflit : étude de cas de Boyacá, Colombie, 2002-2013." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26020.
Full textThe northern region of the Boyacá department has been broadly affected by the presence of illegal armed groups, thus harming local development, internal mobility and quality of life in general. The goal of this research is to identify and evaluate the initiatives as well as the actors involved in the development of the region after the withdrawal of armed groups in 2003. The inquiry carried out in Chiscas and El Cocuy, through interviews, allowed the issues of peace building, post-conflict coping and rural development strategies to be addressed. It has become evident that the Colombian military forces are an integral part in rural communities. It also seems that, since 2003, the main economic strategy is based on ecotourism and related activities. However, the lack of human and financial resources, coupled with mistrust of government institutions and disorganization, constitute important constraints on sustainable development in the studied rural communities.
Ekwa, Mateke Wilfried. "Le processus de paix en Angola." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020092.
Full textThe latest developments seem to point towards some acceleration in the national reconciliation process xhich has been so much hoped for yet always turned down. Years of savage and destructive war finally tired the belligerents who agreed to negociations with the four powers which are u. S. A. , angola, cuba and republic of south africa in may 1988. The parties solemnly signed two peace-agreements in new york in december 1988, putting an end to the "international conflict" in angola. One problem remained - finding a solution for the conflict within angola itself. Harsh bargaining between the mpla in power and the unita, under the mediation of zaire, finally led to the agreements of gbadolite, in 1989, but these short-lived. New negociations conducted by portugal in lisbon from 1990 ended by the signing of the bicesse agreement on may 31st, 1991. These paved the way for a democratic angola to come into existence with the end of general and presidential elections scheduled for 1992. Unfortunately, unita resumed hostilities after their poll defeat in order to gain power by force. Confrontation turned to the advantage of those in power. The rebels, after this total defeat, accepted to sign the lusaka agreements, thus establishing mpla supremacy in november 1994. Which structural and conjonctural reasons have forced the protagonists to open talks and sign peace-agreements ? were there any deciding interior or exterior factors after all ?
Chevalier, Laurent. "La frontière entre guerre et paix." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100053.
Full textClaparède-Albernhe, Brigitte. "Amos Oz, une écriture de paix /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399472278.
Full textFridell, Robert. "Building consolidation project." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/RFridell2006.pdf.
Full textLi, Min-Chung. "Thermoplastic composite consolidation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40036.
Full textPh. D.
Silva, Ramon Ara?jo. "Vida de caminhoneiro: sofrimento e paix?o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2015. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/351.
Full textPontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas
Daily truck drivers are subjected to long working hours, they spend several days away from the family, they are forced to go through sleepless nights and, to perform multiple rounds, they are forced to make use of stimulant drugs. Whereas the work occupies a central place in their lives and that has a direct impact on the living conditions and health, this research, qualitative, expressed the belief that the above conditions result in an extremely exhausting daily work. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of everyday working of the long routes drivers truck, from their own perspectives, and check the possible relations of this routinewith the mental health of these workers. To do this, this research, located in the field of Social Work Psychology, used the ethnographic method, with the completion ofreflexive interviews and travel with truck drivers. Research has shown that many truckers say they love the road, but on the other hand, the work is extremely stressful and can reverberate directly on the physical and mental health. In the field work, the hardship and the precarious nature of this activity stood out. But beyond them, it was also possible to identify some aspects that characterize the profession, such as the affection of drivers with regard to work; the excessive control exercised by carriers through the tracker and the cell; the isolation; the functional use of drugs that ends, in many cases, to trigger dysfunctional; the difficulty of these workers to organize collectively and contradictions of the strikes carried out by truck drivers. It was considered that the main difficulties of the truck activity are due mainly to the strong influence that the capitalist logic has on the road loads sector, especially with regard to the exploitation of surplus value which obliges drivers to comply with a long working hours.
Cotidianamente os caminhoneiros est?o sujeitos a longas jornadas de trabalho, passam v?rios dias distantes da fam?lia, s?o obrigados a atravessar noites sem dormir e, para executar m?ltiplas jornadas s?o obrigados a fazer uso de drogas estimulantes. Considerando que o trabalho ocupa um lugar central na vida dos sujeitos e que repercute diretamente nas condi??es de vida e sa?de, esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, partiu do pressuposto que as condi??es citadas acima resultam em um cotidiano de trabalho extremamente desgastante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as caracter?sticas do cotidiano de trabalho de caminhoneiros de rotas longas, a partir de suas pr?prias perspectivas, e verificar as poss?veis rela??es desse cotidiano com a sa?de mental desses trabalhadores. Para tal, esta pesquisa, situada no campo da Psicologia Social do Trabalho, utilizou-se do m?todo etnogr?fico, com a realiza??o de entrevistas reflexivas e viagens junto com caminhoneiros. A pesquisa permitiu verificar que muitos caminhoneiros se dizem apaixonados pela estrada, mas, por outro lado, o trabalho ? extremamente desgastante e pode repercutir diretamente sobre a sa?de f?sica e mental. No trabalho de campo, a penosidade e a precariedade dessa atividade se destacaram. Tamb?m foram identificados alguns aspectos que caracterizam essa profiss?o, tais como o afeto dos motoristas com rela??o ao trabalho; o controle excessivo exercido pelas transportadoras atrav?s do rastreador e do celular; o isolamento; o uso funcional de drogas que, em muitos casos, desencadeia o disfuncional; a dificuldade desses trabalhadores de se organizarem coletivamente e as contradi??es das paralisa??es realizadas pelos caminhoneiros. Considerou-se que as principais dificuldades da atividade dos caminhoneiros devem-se, principalmente, ? forte influ?ncia que a l?gica capitalista exerce sobre o setor rodovi?rio de cargas, especialmente no que diz respeito ? explora??o da mais-valia que obriga os motoristas a cumprir uma extensa jornada de trabalho.
Bouchet, Christian. "La guerre et la paix chez Demosthène." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040222.
Full textBouchet, Christian. "La Guerre et la paix chez Démosthène." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596279b.
Full textIersel, Adrianus Henricus Maria van Spanjersberg Marijke. "Vrede leren in de Kerk /." Kampen : J. H. Kok, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37061717g.
Full textSwain, Richard J. "A server consolidation solution." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/RSwain2005.pdf.
Full textTse, Dorothy. "Schema and memory consolidation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5545.
Full textSobczak, Justyna. "Mechanisms of memory consolidation." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19755/.
Full textSchmidt, Leah Jean Daugherty. "Consolidation Called Into Question." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302119808.
Full textGibert, James M. "Dynamics of ultrasonic consolidation." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263410296/.
Full textDucroquetz, Florence. "L'Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579597.
Full textMoundounga, Séraphin. "L'Union européenne et la paix en Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871641.
Full textLe, Boeuf Romain. "Le traité de paix en droit international public." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100046.
Full textPeace treaty is an international legal act of a contractual nature, concluded by two or more States in order to end the war between them. Nevertheless, regarding both the circumstances of its conclusion and its content, this instrument is remotely compatible with the classical figure of international treaty. The requirement of free and equal wills faces both the existence of a prior use of force and the lack of reciprocity on the agreed rights and obligations. This does not mean that the instrument is solely the product of two forces confronting each other. In practice, the winner does not arbitrarily dictate its terms to a coerced vanquished. On the contrary, a peace treaty finds itself at the intersection of several legal mechanisms which partly determine the content and the extent of the respective rights and obligations of belligerents. Those mechanisms are mostly borrowed from the law of international responsibility and the law of collective security. They invite to consider the peace treaty not as the product of the exclusive application of the law of treaties, but as the result of simultaneous and potentially conflicting requirements of different bodies of rules. This dynamic approach of the instrument brings a new light on the substantive rules governing the end of international armed conflicts. It also permits to discuss certain representations sometimes hastily associated with the very concept of treaty
Bouillon, Vincent. "Guerre et paix dans la philosophie d'Emmanuel Levinas." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100060.
Full textAlong a first, major question, primordial as it involves living together and respecting human values. Let us present that problem: «it proximity concerned one person only there would not have been any difficulty». There are not only two of us in this world, and our relation to the other, the third one, the closest as well as the furtherest, is a reality we cannot deny before any consent. «A problem» because the other is equally, par excellence, the most worry some, and unpredictable with the other we shall always be in a relation that includes an infinity of indestructible links. Last as we are in the world our preoccupation “of” and “for” the other is imposed on us as an heritage with the same necessity as our presence to ourselves. In our existence we have never been and never shall be alone; that is why our relation to the other, from peace to war, becomes an essential question, the first as well as the last of the problems. We will show in these links that the problem of war and peace arises by and for the being, we shall to go further by identifying precisely that to being and to ontology is added another source of conflict, which is all the more ambivalent as it will be necessary to peace and war: transcendence. What we would like to let appear and to sustain is that the being is not the only origin of evil and consequently of war. Levinas’s position on that point has slowly but significantly evolved, as the thesis expressed in his early writing has been submitted to the harsh experience of the nazi concentration camps and have finally resulted in his maturity in a general discard for enjoyment and happiness for ourself. This is the voyage to which the reader is invited, as well as to approach of the implications it includes for justice, state, happiness and the effective realization of peace as well as for the always possible and sudden looming up treat of war.We shall accompagny Levinas in his striving for lucidity regarding the last century and its genocides and we shall endeavor to reconcile that lucidity with the hope his whole philosophy wants never theless to sustain
Roggero, Claude. "Le sport : guerre et paix, le désir mimétique." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0009.
Full textNestorovic, Sacha. "L'assistance électorale multilatérale au service de la paix." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D001.
Full textThe concept of peace has been redefined in the aftermath of the Cold War. Peace operations have also followed this evolution. In the context of the new peace operations, the notions of democracy and of State of law have reached a whole new dimension. While as a notion of constitutional law democracy was traditionally analysed as a mode of devolution of power, it has further become an element of peace consolidation - a notion in international law. This internationalization of the "democracy imperative" has been emphasized by multilateral electoral assistance which has in the last years been an important factor for the adoption of a certain number of solutions for the end of the crisis. Is there an "international law of electoral assistance" beyond the apparent diversity of geopolitical contexts? What is its contribution to peace? These are some of the questions examined throughout this work
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Full textSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping