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Academic literature on the topic 'Consolidation measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Consolidation measures"

1

Beetsma, Roel, Jacopo Cimadomo, Oana Furtuna, and Massimo Giuliodori. "The confidence effects of fiscal consolidations." Economic Policy 30, no. 83 (2015): 439–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiv007.

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Abstract We explore how fiscal consolidations affect private sector confidence, a possible channel for the transmission of fiscal policy that has received particular attention recently as a result of governments embarking on austerity trajectories in the aftermath of the crisis. Panel regressions based on the annual action-based datasets of Devries et al. (2011) and Alesina et al. (2014a) show that consolidations, and in particular their unanticipated components, affect confidence negatively. To obtain a more accurate picture of how consolidations affect confidence, we construct a monthly dataset of consolidation announcements, so that we can investigate the confidence effects in real time using an event study. The results suggest that consumer confidence falls around announcements of consolidation measures, an effect likely driven by revenue-based measures. Moreover, these effects are highly relevant for European countries with weak institutional arrangements, as measured by the tightness of fiscal rules or budgetary transparency. The effects on producer confidence are generally similar, but weaker than for consumer confidence. Long-term interest rates, as a measure of confidence in the sovereign, tend to fall around spending-based consolidation announcements. We have no evidence that the confidence effects of consolidation announcements are worse in slumps than in booms. Generally, strengthening institutional arrangements may help in mitigating adverse confidence effects of consolidations.

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Papoušek, J. "Evaluation of efficiency of the Common Measures – measures for land accessibility, implemented within land consolidation." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 10 (2011): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2010-agricecon.

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By the means of Land Consolidation is understood, in accord with law No. 139/2002 Coll., spending of funds on land consolidations and land offices, provided the accessibility of grounds in public interest. Land consolidations also ensure the conditions for improvement of the ecosystem, protection and reclamation of land resources, waterway management and the increase of the ecological stability of landscape. All mentioned measures are collectively called the Common Measures, rural roads being one of the most significant of these measures as far as the ground accessibility is concerned. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Land Office (MZe, &Uacute;P&Uacute;) statistics, for instance in 2008, over 707.4 million CZK was spent on the common measures projects from the public funds. Of this sum, 82 per cent was spent on financing of the land accessibility projects &ndash; rural roads and objects on them. The Cost &amp; Benefit Analysis (CBA) method was applied. The analysis explains step by step what benefits the investment projects bring and to whom, as well as what and from whom it takes something away. Thus defined effects and impacts are aggregated, converted into financial flows and included in the calculation of criteria indicators. These calculations enable to make decision whether the concerned project is in its consequences generally contributive. There is a difficulty in the method &ndash; it is applied ex-ante, which usually leads to the exaggerated input parameters, which may be significantly affected by a number of variable effects (time factor, socio-economic impacts, inflation rate, etc.). The ex-post application of the method cannot be objectively used due to the absence of the statistically processed input data for the analysis. Such data must be collected during the operational period of the realized investments. This is caused by the fact that these analyses consider lifetime of these investments in terms of 25&ndash;30 years. The &Uacute;P&Uacute; statistics, however, say that the operational period of most of realized common measures has not reached one half of their lifetime yet. The ex-ante analysis enables to evaluate the possible difficulty and the general benefit of projects, including their impact on the broad spectrum of subjects. &nbsp;

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Konečná, Jana, Jana Podhrázská, and František Toman. "Efficiency of soil and flood control measures in land consolidations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 6 (2012): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060161.

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Land consolidations are an important instrument for implementation of erosion and flood control measures. Thanks to their poly-functional character, they also contribute to increase of ecological stability and aesthetic of landscape. Although the land consolidation process does not advance as quickly as requisite, it brings unquestionably positive results. One or more erosion and flood control measures are built in 17 % of cadastres with finished complex land consolidation. Land consolidation designs are supported by the state and the EU funds are used for the realization of protective and ecological measures. With the aim to evaluate real efficiency of implemented measures, research project QI92A012 has been started. This paper presents its method principles and particular results for one of the model cadastres – Lejčkov. Realized elements in Lejčkov were confronted with the plan of common facilities and critical analysis of the size, parameters, type and localization of elements was made with regard to their efficiency to keep the soil from surface erosion away in the long run, to decrease discharges and sediment transport in extreme precipitation events. We can state that erosion control measures in Lejčkov were designed and built well and they are suitable for the highland type of countryside.

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Schneider, Stephanie, Temple Smith, and Ulla Hansen. "SCOREM: statistical consolidation of redundant expression measures." Nucleic Acids Research 40, no. 6 (2011): e46-e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr1270.

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Komissarova, Zh N., and E. A. Sergeev. "EU fiscal governance and budget consolidation in Visegrád countries." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(66) (July 28, 2019): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-131-158.

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Budget consolidations in Visegrád countries, which followed European financial and debt crisis, were mainly driven by external factors such as EU fiscal governance. Since the Visegrád countries have accomplished their consolidation effort, it seems topical to study their experience and assess the efficiency of consolidation measures. Involving descriptive statistical analysis, the authors posit that supranational impact on national budgets of Visegrád countries was quite efficient, as all economies concerned have accomplished a relatively sizeable fiscal consolidation. This happened largely due to the fact that the governments did not intend to lose vast amounts of funds from the EU budget. Such an option was quite feasible as a part of possible sanctions related to excessive deficit. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic run different consolidations as to scale, structure and measures taken, though one could highlight some similarities. On the one hand, consolidations were to a great extent carried out through the means of indirect taxation, because they have a less distortive nature, given the structural characteristics of countries at issue. On the other hand, the governments refrained from raising direct taxes due to their distortive character. Hungary was the only country, which took some active measures in the field of corporate taxation, and subsequently suffered from drop in tax collection. The Visegrád countries did cut government expenditures, but strived to use the most effective instruments such as curbing employment in public sector. Further, there were some subsidiary factors at place that influenced consolidation pace. For example, three of four Visegrád countries are not members of a currency union, which inter alia contributed to monetizing government debt. At the same time, some measures taken by the countries, were of a quite formal nature. For instance, Hungary totally nationalized pension system in order to increase budget revenues. Nevertheless, all Visegrád countries reached deficit target without any revolutionary changes to main fiscal aggregates, which means that consolidations were at least nominally effective. However, cumulative deficit change was not fully accompanied by lowering debt and was by several times less than cumulative transfers from the EU budget. At the same time the budget consolidations in Visegrád countries could be called efficient as GDP growth rates restored, as did investors’ confidence and exports.

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Park, Jong Gwan. "Local Government Fiscal Consolidation Measures-Focusing on Cheonan-." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 14, no. 10 (2014): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2014.14.10.112.

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Wilson, Jeremy M., and Clifford A. Grammich. "The Measurement and Variation of Public Safety Consolidation." International Criminal Justice Review 29, no. 4 (2018): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567718814905.

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Public safety consolidation of police and fire departments has long existed, but there are no quantitative measures of its implementation. Previous research has suggested a typology ranging from nominal to full consolidation. Our research explores how public safety departments may vary by both command consolidation and cross-training of personnel. Considering both these dimensions is essential to measuring the form and extent of implementation of this service model. To develop a scale for consolidation, we surveyed all known U.S. public safety departments, asking each about its services, administrative structure, and training requirements. Altogether, 74 of the 130 (57%) departments we were able to identify responded to a mail survey with phone follow-up, providing us information on their levels of structural integration and cross-training, among other characteristics. The results showed both some concentration at lower and higher levels of measured consolidation as well as some variation among departments with identical scores. Although our research is limited by a relatively small number of departments, preventing development of more sophisticated measures, use of this additive scale can still yield insights on what influences consolidation, the problems consolidation may ameliorate or produce, and operational characteristics by extent of consolidation.

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Sambasivan, Murali, Tamizarasu Nandan, and Zainal Abidin Mohamed. "Consolidation of performance measures in a supply chain environment." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 22, no. 6 (2009): 660–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410390910999576.

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Jacques, Olivier, and Lukas Haffert. "Are governments paying a price for austerity? Fiscal consolidations reduce government approval." European Political Science Review 13, no. 2 (2021): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773921000035.

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AbstractWhat are the political effects of fiscal consolidations? Theoretical considerations suggest that consolidations should reduce the public’s support for their governments, but empirical studies have found surprisingly small effects on government support. However, most of these studies analyze electoral outcomes, which are separated from the consolidation by a multi-link causal chain. We argue that more direct measures of government support, such as executive approval, show much stronger negative effects of consolidation, since they are less affected by the strategic timing of consolidations or the political alternatives on offer. We analyze a time series cross-sectional dataset of executive approval in 14 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1978 to 2014, using the narrative approach to measure fiscal consolidations. We find that spending cuts decrease government approval, especially during economic downturns, but tax increases’ impact on approval remains minimal. Finally, left- and right-wing governments are equally likely to lose approval after implementing austerity.

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Diviaková, Andrea, Dušan Kočický, and Eliška Belaňová. "Ecological Measures in the Land Consolidation Planning of the Village of Kocurany." Ekológia (Bratislava) 38, no. 1 (2019): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2019-0006.

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AbstractThis paper deals with the application of ecological proposals within the land consolidation project process in Slovakia. Ecological proposals form part of the Local Territorial System of the Ecological Stability project, which is a compulsory material for developing land consolidation projects. The Local Territorial System of Ecological Stability for the cadastral unit of Kocurany village was worked out in 2013. Within the area, 31 localities were selected for the implementation of ecological proposals with a total area of 154.34 ha, namely 3 biocorridors, 2 biocentres, 9 interacting elements, 8 ecostabilising elements and 9 localities with the need of anti-erosion soil cultivation, or delimitation to permanent grasslands. The main task was to analyse the rate of acceptance of the proposed measures. It was found that only 20 localities with a total area of 119.37 ha were accepted into the land consolidation project. In order to improve all the landscape functions, the integration of quality ecological proposals from the Territorial System of Ecological Stability into the land consolidation projects is necessary.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consolidation measures"

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Li, Jing. "China's antitrust measures on foreign mergers and acquisitions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203578.

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Meade, Nancy Margaret Lowman. "Antitakeover devices and firm performance : an empirical study using accounting measures /." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162207/.

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White, James R. "The Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility consolidation : a review of performance measures." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA347016.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.<br>"June 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Joseph G. San Miguel, John Mutty. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-153). Also available online.

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Li, Jing, and 李靜. "China's antitrust measures on foreign mergers and acquisitions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203578.

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Hanisch, Alexandra. "The use of defensive measures in hostile takeovers : a comparative study of takeover regulation in the US, the UK, Canada, the EU and Germany." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78216.

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This Master's Thesis is a comparative study of the regulation of defensive measures in hostile takeovers. It consists of two main parts: In the first, the subject is approached from a theoretical point of view. The relevant factors for the regulation of defensive measures are outlined and analysed, followed by a discussion of the different ways of drafting such rules. This part concludes with a proposition concerning the most favourable form and content of a regulation. The second part describes hostile takeover regulation in the US, the UK, Canada, the EU and Germany, showing the diversity in that field of regulation in practice and the underlying reasons. It highlights and assesses the characteristics of each country and its regulation in the light of the considerations made in the first part, and provides an outlook concerning the future development of the regulation of defensive measures in hostile takeovers.

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Mazáčová, Lenka. "Studie společných zařízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225364.

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The aim of my master’s thesis is proposal for the common systems in the western part of the cadastral area municipality. Suggestion anti-erosion measures, road networks, landscape elements and territorial system of ecological stability.

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Prokop, Pavel. "Návrh vodohospodářských opatření v katastrálním území." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392197.

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This diploma thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part describes issues of the proposal of water management measures in land consolidation process. Second part deals with the conceptual proposal of water management measures in the specific cadastral area. This part also include graphic attachments.

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Tesařová, Kateřina. "Konsolidovaná účetní závěrka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241619.

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The master's thesis deals with the issue of the consolidation of financial statements. The first part of thesis, there are explained important terms and methods, which are linked to consolidation. The theoretical information is used for work out a practical part, which includes making new consolidated financial statements in consortium HOLOUBEK. The new statements are related to change in consolidation group.

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Legut, Dana. "Zakládání na objemově nestálých zeminách." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233826.

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This dissertation is concerned with the foundations in volume unstable soils and objects disorders which are related to this. The thesis was focused on the study of clay and loess soils which are abundant in the geological profile of the Czech Republic. First, the formation of the two groups of soils is introduced, then their properties are examined and finally the influence of vegetation on the former type and the influence of collapsibility in the latter type are investigated. The conclusion is, in fact, a recommendation on the design of structures so that the system of clay / structure is not damaged and that structures are not subject to renovations. Several instance of problems with structures are discussed which were subject to structural repairs employing both a civil and geotechnical engineers.

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Lýsková, Jana. "Existence synergického efektu u konsolidujícího subjektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224817.

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This thesis is focused on the issue of achieving synergistic effect in a consolidating entity. Consolidation unit and proposed financial indicators for monitoring the synergistic effect of the parent company and the consolidated group are defined based on the theoretical findings. Based on the analysis of these indicators is evaluated whether the synergistic effect is achieved.

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Books on the topic "Consolidation measures"

1

Mason, Peggy. Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures: The context. Govt. of] Canada, 1998.

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Mason, Peggy. Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures: The context. Govt. of] Canada, 1998.

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Maier, Phillip Q. Audit and trace log management: Consolidation and analysis. Auerbach Publications, 2006.

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Comment, Robert. Poison or placebo?: Evidence on the deterrent and wealth effects of modern antitakeover measures. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Oversight. Tax aspects of acquisitions and mergers: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, April 1, 2, and 16, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Federal real property: Progress made toward addressing problems, but underlying obstacles continue to hamper reform : report to Congressional Committee. U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2007.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Federal real property: DHS has made progress, but additional actions are needed to address real property management and security challenges : report to the Ranking Member, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2007.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. Corporate alternative minimum tax: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on H.R. 1761 ... June 8, 1989. U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Measures, United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue. Carryover of net operating losses and other tax attributes of corporations: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 22, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. Carryover of net operating losses and other tax attributes of corporations: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 22, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Consolidation measures"

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Kolliniati, Maria-Artemis, Philipp Stolzenberg, and Nikolaos-Komninos Hlepas. "Fiscal Consolidation in German and Greek Local Governments: Reform Attempts, Supervision and Local Measures." In Local Public Finance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67466-3_15.

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Saar, Ellu, and Triin Roosalu. "Inverted U-shape of Estonian Higher Education: Post-Socialist Liberalism and Postpostsocialist Consolidation." In Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52980-6_6.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a description of the basic features of the higher education system in Estonia in the historical perspective, paying special attention to the period during the Soviet time right before the USSR collapse and exploring the developments during the following period up to 2015. It is understood that both the social and political system during the period of socialism, as well as changes in the society during the postsocialist period right after the country became independent, have an impact on the current period. On the other hand, changes in the Estonian higher education system are greatly impacted by external factors, especially processes of Europeanisation and internationalisation of higher education. Tendencies towards standardisation of higher education provision, on the one hand, as well as maintaining differentiation between higher education institutions will be highlighted.The analysis distinguishes four periods of the postsocialist higher education system in Estonia, characterised by different traits. 1988–1992 can be considered a period of chaotic, individually and institutionally driven changes; 1993–1998 saw the major expansion of the higher education system in combination with the development of legal frameworks and quality assurance mechanisms; 1999–2005 indicated the wave of reforms, including following the principles of the Bologna process; from 2006 onwards, new measures are put in place to strengthen the (international) competitiveness and sustainability of the shrinking higher education sector. The main strand of differentiation between the higher education institutions largely follows their formal statuses that stem from the soviet period: the applied higher education institutions on the one hand and the academic universities providing bachelor, master’s and doctoral level education on the other. The further differentiation can be made based on the research intensity of the universities as well as based on their legal status, with some being declared national universities by their dedicated laws.

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Costa, Rafael, and Helga A. G. de Valk. "Socio-spatial Disparities in Brussels and its Hinterland." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_14.

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AbstractBrussels’ urban and suburban landscape has changed considerably since the 1980s. The consolidation of socioeconomic fractures inside the city, a reinforcement of long-lasting disparities between the city and its prosperous hinterland, as well as the increasing diversification of migration flows—both high- and low-skilled—contributed to these disparities. Recent evolutions of these patterns, however, have not been investigated yet and therefore remain unknown. Besides, the extent to which segregation is primarily related to economic inequalities and to migration flows—or a combination/interaction between the two—so far has not been studied. This chapter offers a detailed overview of the socio-spatial disparities in the Brussels Functional Urban Area. Our analyses relied on fine-grained spatial data, at the level of statistical sections and of individualised neighbourhoods built around 100 m x 100 m grids. We analysed socioeconomic segregation measures and patterns, as well as their evolution between 2001 and 2011. Socioeconomic groups were defined based on individuals’ position with respect to national income deciles. In line with previous research, our results show very marked patterns of socioeconomic segregation in and around Brussels operating both at a larger regional scale and at the local level.

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Colabrese, Silvia, Dario Rossi, and Marco Mellia. "Scalable Accurate Consolidation of Passively Measured Statistical Data." In Passive and Active Measurement. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04918-2_26.

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Morlino, Leonardo. "Indicators and Measures." In Democracy Between Consolidation and Crisis. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198280823.003.0003.

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"Fiscal consolidation contents of measures." In Europe Managing the Crisis. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315722689-4.

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Caplan, Richard. "Measuring Peace Consolidation." In Measuring Peace. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810360.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the implications of the analysis in the foregoing chapters for international policy. What does this analysis tell us about whether it may be possible, and if so how, to assess the quality of peace? How can monitoring and assessment be improved? The chapter argues for an ‘ethnographic approach’ to strategic assessment that favours increased reliance on knowledge of local culture, local history, and especially, the specific conflict dynamics at work in a given conflict situation, particularly at the micro level. From this approach it derives a number of recommended practices, including early and continuous conflict analysis, the adoption of more precise measures of post-conflict peace, and the incorporation of local perspectives into strategic assessment. The chapter closes with a discussion of the obstacles to good practice (e.g., politicization of reporting) and how these obstacles can be overcome.

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"71/64 Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures." In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook. UN, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/79b72b9b-en.

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"65/67. Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures." In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a22d444d-en.

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"69/60 Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures." In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook. UN, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9e7781fb-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Consolidation measures"

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Dudzinska, Małgorzata. "The Performance of Agricultural Land Management Work in the Context of Needs, Illustrated with an Example of Agricultural Land Consolidations." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.186.

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In the situation where Poland has been a member of the European Union since 2004, agricultural land consolidation has been co-financed with EU funds. This has resulted in an increase in the number of carried out land consolidations throughout Poland. Co-financing of this consolidation work has also introduced the need for a different understanding of the essence of agricultural land consolidation. According to Dacko (see Dacko 2006), the main goal of land consolidation should be to improve the quality of rural life, and not only to increase agricultural production. Land consolidation measures should be initiated to revive the countryside by encouraging continuous economic and political development of the local community, while protecting and rationally managing natural resources. The local community should participate democratically in land consolidation and in defining new forms of land use that make the most of the local potential. Currently in Poland, the choice of a location for the implementation of consolidation work not only depends on the farm land layout and land fragmentation also on the farmers who apply for the implementation of consolidation work in the particular area. Social acceptance is the key prerequisite for successful land consolidation. This fact has resulted in the agricultural land consolidation taking place not only in the areas in which the needs determined on the basis of the farm land layout and land fragmentation are most unfavorable. The paper comparatively analyses the determined needs as regards consolidation work in Poland, and the implementation of this work since 2004. The research employed the following methods: analysis and synthesis of the literature, field inventory, and research from the group of spatial-statistical approaches. The study area covered Poland, and in particular the selected region.

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Len, Przemysław. "The Use Of Statistical Methods in Creation of the Urgency Ranking of the Land Consolidation and Land Exchange Works." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.212.

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In the analyzes of the urgency of the land consolidation and land exchange works, and particularly in the spatial comparative analyzes it is helpful to use methods of multivariate statistics, which allows the determination of synthetic measure. Synthetic measures substitute the large set of attributes of the object with one aggregate variable, allowing ordering the analyzed objects (villages) in terms of the phenomenon in question of the urgency of carrying out the work of consolidation and exchange of land. The aim of the paper is to determine measures for the urgency of carrying out the works of consolidation and exchange of land according to the method proposed by Z. Hellwig and comparison of the obtained results with the results obtained using the zero unitarisation method (ZUM). The aim of the analyzes is to verify (check), how the use of different methods of aggregation of the same diagnostic variables affects the results of research. The subject of the research consists of 14 precincts located in the municipality Białaczów, in the Łódzkie voivodship region. To construct the synthetic measure for the urgency of carrying out the works of consolidation and exchange of land 5 groups of features characterizing the works related to consolidation and exchange of land were adopted.

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Pyka, Anna, and Aleksandra Nocoń. "Polish versus European banking sector − characteristics, consolidation, ownership changes." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.032.

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Purpose – the main aim of the study is an assessment of the banking sector in Poland, including the size of the sector, banking institutions forming the sector and consolidation processes taking place in the sector against the background of banking sectors in other countries. The paper also indicates ownership changes as a consequence of consolidation processes in the banking sectors after the global financial crisis of 2008−2012. Research methodology – the following research methods were used: cause and effect analysis, comparative analysis, case studies, observation method, secondary data analysis, and synthesis method. Findings – the research allowed to find out that the banking sector in Poland is growing at a rate significantly exceeding the growth rate in other European countries. However, rapid development does not mean a radical increase in the importance of this sector in Europe. Concentration ratios of the Polish banking sector show continuous but slight increases, although their level is still quite low compared to other European Union countries. Moreover, in Poland, a decreasing number of banks, observed in recent years, reduces a share of foreign investors in the structure of the sector. This means a high activity of domestic investors in taking over bank capital. Research limitations – the main research limitation is that the study mainly focuses on changes as well as comparative analysis of the concentration ratio (CR5). While further research should be expanded by more measures to compare ownership structure and the profitability of Polish and the European Unionʼs banking sectors. Practical implications – the results might be useful for central banks and supervisory authorities when it comes to their role in changes in the ownership structure of banking sectors. Originality/Value – the main value of the article is the in-depth analysis of the ownership structure of the Polish banking sector in the background of the European ones

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Kolin, Konstantin. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF GLOBAL SECURITY." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-248-254.

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The author carries out a systematic analysis of the structure of threats to global security in the context of the growing crisis in the development of modern civilization. Priority tasks of military security and measures of consolidation of the world community in the face of common global threats are defined. The author formulates proposals for priority actions of the global security strategy to be implemented at the UN level.

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Dudzinska, Małgorzata. "The Study of Spatial Autocorrelation of the Land Consolidation in Lubelskie Voivodeship." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.187.

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In Poland land consolidation is carried out mainly in the southern part of the country. In three voivodships, Lublin Voivodship, Podkarpackie Voivodship and Lesser Poland Voivodship, in the years 2003–2014 there were numerous land consolidations, over 20,000 ha in each voivodship. That is above national average of land consolidation. In another three voivodships (Warmian-Masurian Voivodship, West Pomeranian Voivodship and The Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship) there are no land consolidation, even though according to scientists from the Polish, every voivodship requires land consolidations processes. What is the reason for that situation? Why are so many land consolidations conducted in the area of several voivodships in Poland, and in other voivodships considerably less or not at all? It is known that the location of the implementation of agricultural land consolidations in a particular area is determined by numerous factors, inter alia the construction of line infrastructural projects i.e. motorways, faulty spatial structure found in a particular area, and farmers in Poland applying for the implementation of this project. It is also known that the neighbourhood of the implementation of these works is of significance. Situations are observed in which the appearance of one consolidation object contributes to the development of this measure in the neighbouring area. However, there is no empirical evidence to support this view. Therefore, the subject of considerations will be the investigation into the occurrence of spatial relationships between consolidation objects. Two variables were adopted for the analysis, namely the number and density of consolidations. In order to determine the relationships, spatial autocorrelation was applied.

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Jakubick, Alex T., and Gord McKenna. "Stabilisation of Soft Tailings: Practice and Experience." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1262.

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Abstract Environmentally acceptable reclamation solutions for the decommissioned tailings ponds can be achieved by integrating the tailings deposits into the landscape either by turning the tailings pond/deposit into a lake and maintaining a permanent water cover over the deposit or by stabilisation of the deposits as a “dry” landform. Conceptually, the dry landscape reclamation involves three remedial steps: 1) Placement of an interim cover on the tailings surface to provide the consolidation load and create a stable working platform. 2) Building of a surface contour providing suitable run off conditions for the surface water. 3) Capping the surface with a final cover to control infiltration into the tailings. For reliable predictions of consolidation, proper sequencing of remedial steps/measures and cost efficient reclamation of soft tailings it is necessary to use Non Linear Finite Strain (NLFS) codes. The advantage of the NLFS program system Consol2D is that it allows the reconstruction of the history of the tailings discharge, the evaluation of the material parameters, the calculation of settlement in inhomogeneous deposits, the 3D quantification of the settlement trough and the evaluation of the drainage effect of the vertical drains.

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Domínguez Caballero, Rosa Mª. "El patrimonio defensivo andaluz y su gestión en la intervención. Un modelo sobre la Seguridad y Salud." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11374.

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The Andalusian defensive heritage and its management in the intervention. A model on Health and SafetyThe Management of the Architect or Building Engineer in Restoration works in defensive buildings such as (towers, walls, castles, etc.) has an exhaustive and specific workforce due to the particularities especially in the environment of the Health and Safety Coordination. This communication will focus on the management of the technician on the Prevention of Occupational Risks in the Restoration, Rehabilitation and Consolidation works on defensive constructions chosen by the author of her International Thesis from the point of view of their integration in all processes: definition and Execution of the activities to be carried out. The destination and final objective is to ensure the physical integrity of the workers who are in contact in the Restoration of Historical Heritage. Research has been carried out in this area both in Andalusia and in the South of France, around the Mediterranean, reflecting the comparison of particularities as an example in 2 defensive interventions: “Restoration in the tower of Castle Molares (Sevilla)” and “Consolidation of Castle Olvera (Cádiz)”. The Technician's work is fundamental for the control of risks in the workplace, especially in the consolidation and restoration of defensive heritage. The actions of the Health and Safety Coordinator in the execution phase in the Restoration or Rehabilitation differ considerably with the works of Nueva Planta, since the stability of the building must be guaranteed in addition to the difficulty involved in the execution procedures and the “surprises” that can be found when acting on the property of this type. Documents are prepared reflecting the modifications in the Restoration Process that will entail new “occupational risks” and the consequent “health and safety measures” that will have to be taken to eliminate or minimize as indicated in Law 31/95 of PRL.

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Sulley, John, and David Stewart. "HIPed Hard Facings for Nuclear Applications: Materials, Key Potential Defects and Mitigating Quality Control Measures." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61106.

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Hard facings are used in a number of different types of components generally to provide improved wear, erosion, and corrosion resistance to the substrate. A typical application is to a valve seat which may be subjected to high wear loads and high flow rates such that a hard wearing surface is required. Traditionally, a common application method has been to weld deposit the hard facing onto a softer substrate, e.g. the main body material of the component. This can result in poor quality micro-structures, e.g. cast/inhomogeneous structures being created that may not provide the required wear/erosion/corrosion resistance. This can be a particular issue for Nuclear applications where the hard facing is cobalt based. If the facing deteriorates and releases cobalt based debris, the debris (crud), if it becomes activated, can contribute significantly to the overall plant radiation activation level. Also, depending upon the geometry, deposition process, the expansion coefficient difference between the facing and substrate, and the cooling rate, a detrimental tensile residual stress can be generated. This can cause cracking of the facing which, depending upon the in-service loading conditions, could lead to crack propagation into the substrate, potentially threatening the structural integrity of the component; a leak or structural failure could result. One application method to address the potential poor micro-structure that may be created from weld deposition methods, is to use a Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIPed) hard facing. This is where a wear surface is created from the solid state, rather than using a localised melting route, by the HIP consolidation of powder produced by a gas atomisation process. Homogenous, isotropic, finer grained, and defect free microstructures can be created via this method which generally exhibit improved resistance to wear/erosion/corrosion. Also, where the HIP consolidated facing is HIP bonded to the substrate, a beneficial compressive residual stress is created that can arrest any crack propagation into the substrate if cracking of the facing was to occur. For Nuclear applications it is imperative the material quality of a hard facing is assured. It is essential that care is taken particularly in the production of the powder to ensure it does not contain undesirable defects/contamination. This paper presents: the benefits that can be achieved with creating component hard facings using the HIP process, the key defects/contamination that may be present, and the quality control measures recommended to assure the material quality.

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Corrales, Julian, Hugo Alberto García García, Alejandro Marín, and Mauricio Pereira Ordóñez. "OCENSA Oil Pipeline Damage due to the Construction of an Embankment for a Highway on Soft Soils: Case Study." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2511.

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The OCENSA pipeline crosses the Valley of the Magdalena river flood on its way to the Caribbean Sea, the area of the valley is commonly inundated during the rainy season on shallow waters that remain flooded swamps. These swamps soils are composed by extremely soft peat with thicknesses greater than 15 meters. In June 2016 started the construction of a highway with an embankment of 6 meters in height which was more than 30 meters away from the OCENSA 30” pipeline, Due to the high compressibility of peat, to construct the road the soil is subjected to a process of consolidation and the height of the embankment was corrected adding more material. In July 29 2016 occurs a failure by load capacity on the ground under the embankment and as a result of this fault a lateral displacement of the adjacent soil producing a horizontal displacement in the pipeline of more than 50 cm. This document shows results from the affectation to the pipe and the measures taken to correct the situation.

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Palencia Jiménez, Jose Sergio, Eric Gielen, and Yaiza Pérez Alonso. "Resilient Urban Morphology to the flood risk in the final stretch of the Girona River (Alicante province)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6153.

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The Litoral-Cota 100 zone represents approximately 25% of the total area of the Region of Valencia and concentrates more than 70% of the urban area. One of the consequences of this situation has been the high urban developments produced in the last 50 years. The Comunitat Valenciana has a river flood hazard mapping, according to which, in the Litoral area, more than 80% of the flood hazard is concentrated. As a result of the experienced urban development and the extent of flooding, there is a significant number of people and property exposed to flood hazards. In order to analyze in detail the urban morphology on the coast and its interaction with floods, research has focused on the specific area of the final section of the Girona River, in the province of Alicante. Specifically, in the municipalities of Els Poblets, El Verger, Denia and Beniarbeig, located in the surroundings of the Girona River, very different urban morphologies have been generated that are not adapted to the existing flood hazard. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that, despite the significant expansion of urban land, existing urban morphology offers ample possibilities to reduce the risk of flooding. It is proposed the integration of overflows in the built city, avoiding the consolidation of non-built land and designing particular measures on affected buildings. These measures of adaptation to the problem will generate a resilient urban morphology.

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