Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consommation durable – Droit – France'
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Bonnin, Coralie Angélique. "L'intégration de la consommation durable en droit français et canadien." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21677.
Full textBonnin, Coralie Angélique. "L’intégration de la consommation durable en droit français et canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26615/26615.pdf.
Full textPayet, Marie-Stéphane. "Droit de la concurrence et droit de la consommation." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090001.
Full textBonnin, Coralie Angélique. "L' intégration de la consommation durable en droit français et canandien." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0027.
Full textSince the 1960s and 70s the environmental situation is alarming, mainly due to the demands being placed upon it to meet the requirements of a consumer society. However, it was not until the World Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, that key countries got concerned by the need to change the patterns of their consumer societies in order to protect the ecosystems. Since then, the concept of sustainable consumption, albeit still a vague and poorly defined concept, has started to develop. In both Quebec and France, consumer law becomes more and more integrated in environmental awareness and is beginning to encourage consumers to behave as “consumer citizens” and “consumer responsibles”. To reach this objective public authorities adopt array of different measures. For instance, the use of environmental taxes to encourage consumers to rationalise their use of natural resources is developing but remains limited. Education and participation in decision-making processes are essential ways to ensure that consumers have access to key information which will encourage them to give preference to environmentally friendly and socially responsible products (for example, organic products and goods made by fair trade companies). Consumer choices however, remain strongly influenced by market behaviours (for example: private standards); therefore it is essential that public authorities intervene and control the implementation of the concept of sustainable consumption
Lucas, Olivier. "Pour un droit processuel de la consommation." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10405.
Full textSauphanor, Nathalie. "L'influence du droit de la consommation sur le système juridique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010279.
Full textThe main idea of this dissertation is to determine whether the effects of consumer law are beneficial or harmful to the legal system. The legal system is here restricted to its two main components : the branches and the sources of law. Since the purpose of consumer law is to protect the consumer, we must take into account the specificity of these functional law (preliminary part) to characterize their influence upon the various branches of law (part one), and upon the sources of law (part two). The preliminary part introduces the criteria used for analysis of a functional law such as its effectivity, its efficiency, as well as its unwanted effects. In this preliminary part, we explain the phenomenon of instrumentalisation through which the legal rule is used as a tool for social change, which changes dramatically all the references of the legal system. Throughout the dissertation, this contributes to understand the specificity of the legislation on the overindebtedness phenomenon which trough its instrumental characteristics comes in conflict with the coherence of the legal system. The first part explains that consumer law is beyond the traditionnal cleavages between civil law, business law, public law, and criminal law. By erasing the differences between tradesmen and non tradesmen, between industrial and commercial public services on one side and private companies on the other, as well as between criminal and civil penalties, consumer law has a beneficial effect. On the other hand, the extension of this discipline beyond its own boundaries causes harmful effects. The second part of the dissertation shows how consumer law has a positive influence upon the dynamism of the sources of law. It reinforces the interaction between the law and the judge, it entails a cooperation between the judge and administrative agencies and reflects the boosting effect of communauty law upon national sources
Larrieule, Martine. "Le droit français de la consommation à l'épreuve du droit communautaire." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU2003.
Full textThe recently implemented legislation on french consumer rights, has developed to such an extent that it has been taken up by community law. The confrontation on this subject between french legislation and european community legislation, should be based on a chronological as well as a quantitative analysis. French law was a fore-runner to community law, whose drawing up reveals a concentrated effort towards national rights. This convergence of community law towards french law being so up-to-date, the tendency is to reverse the motion from national law to community law. These two legislations, of common objective, that is to say, high cosumer protection, are founded on different methods in order to keep the motion up-to-date. None the less, even if this convergence keeps an up-to-date capacity, there remains the danger of unbalance resulting from the divergent practices of member states and their proceeding for the application of community law. In particular, a lot of beyond border litigations, occur for wich a quest for solutions has became necessary
Martin, David. "Electricité et développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10033.
Full textRobichez, Juliette. "Droit du travail, droit de la concurrence, droit de la consommation : le rôle de la branche du droit dans la dialectique juridique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010255.
Full textThe triangular analysis of employment, competition and consumer law leads initially to studying the concept of an autonomous branch of law. The result of this research is that both the concept of an automous branch and its fruit, the general body of principles, are the fruits of doctrinal activity. Studying this notion amounts, therefore, to emphasising the activity of scholary opinion in the construction of such a division of law. Once this element was established it was possible to describe, form legal sociology's point of view, the role conferre on a autonomous branch of law. Apart from the obvioys role of structuring and rationalising the legal system, it also plays the role of adjusting the system at stake. In order to do this the picture always divides into two, which explains the thesis subtitle : "the role of the branch of law in legal dialectic". The plan is constructed around the outline of the dialectical movements of autonomy. The first part is based on the time when the youg branch of law demands its autonomy in relation to the common trunk. The period of demand is always followed by that of reconciliation, which is dealt with in the second half of the thesis. The synthesis occurs both with the body of general principles and also with the neighbouring branches. The young branch of law therefore plays the role of a laboratory where new solutions are tested and which, once judgede satisfactory, radiate bey on their limits. The coherence of the legal system does not, therefore, appear to be shaken since, once the general body of principles has incorporated the experiences carried out by a branch of law, the latter is only meant to last in the event that it replies to the irreducible purposes of the canons of civil law
Andrieux, Albin. "Encadrement normatif de l' "agroaliment" et développement durable." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010285/document.
Full textDespite the fact that sustainable development has widely penetrated the legal domain, it remains non-binding. Indeed, this concept appears to be an objective driving political action, but it seems difficult to perceive its implementation into binding legal instruments. Because of its environmental, social and economic impacts, agriculture, particularly its activities related to the food industry, appears to be an appropriate field for analyzing sustainable development from a legal perspective. The intensification of international food trade is not the result of a chaotic international regulation: it is supported and regulated through multilateral/bilateral trade agreements and by international organizations. The WTO plays a paramount role in international trade regulation, but it seems that its competences do not expand beyond economical concerns. In this quest for sustainable development, consumers should not be forgotten. Their economic power enables them to promote sustainable development. However, despite several legal norms regulating food information, consumers have to deal with a tremendous amount of product statements, promoting their qualities and their compliance with sustainable development. The analysis of the legal frame of food stuff through a sustainable development viewpoint provides two key lessons. On one hand, this frame can be apprehended as a comprehensive system challenging traditional areas of law. On the other hand, it lightens impediments to achieving sustainable development
Alfroy, David. "Chasse et droit de propriété." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE0003.
Full textBouroubat, Khadija. "La construction durable : étude juridique comparative / Maroc-France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV136/document.
Full textThis study aims to explore the possibility for Morocco as developing country and booming economy to succeed in integrating sustainable development in the construction sector in the same way as his French counterpart.The Meadows report published in 1972 announcing « the limits togrowth » was intended to encourage international community to become aware of the ecological emergency and to act.Thus, a number of international conférences were organized in order to establish a new vision for the future of humanity. It is in this international context marked by the increase conflict between environmental concerns and economic development that the concept of sustainable development was born. The construction fiel dit seems able to integrate these concerns.A sustainable building must be thought fromits conception. All the life cycle of the work has an impact on the environment.That’s whyhis development is subordinated to the adoption of a legal frame work imposing the use of environment-freindly construction materials, waste management, conservation of the quality of the water, the ground and the air and to realization of the energy performance. These rules involve new requirements which are going to change the methods and the practices and contribute to an enhanced coopération gram work or construction. It is there forevery important to shed light on liability of professionals. Sustainable construction has a cost.It’s development must be supported by rules of urban construction, by Financial incentives and by normalization and certification of buildings according to the reference tables of the high quality environmental association
Andreeva, Androva Raïa. "Le regime de l'arbitrage dans les litiges de consommation en droit français /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81468.
Full textGrammatico-Vidal, Laetitia. "Les moyens juridiques du développement énergétique dans le respect de l'environnement en droit français : recherches sur le droit du développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10031.
Full textMeca, Ingrid. "Le régime financier de l'eau en France : du droit de l'environnement au droit du développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10030.
Full textKremer, Florence. "Le rôle stratégique des marques de distributeurs dans les relations producteurs-distributeurs sur les marchés de biens de grande consommation." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30029.
Full textThe constant growth of store brands in North America and Europe over the past twenty years confirms that they have gained the status of major competitors to products branded by well-known manufacturers usually referred to as " national brands ". While past research has mainly focused on the determinants of the success of store brands, we propose a theoretical framework that investigates the impact of their growth on the market structure. Both the interdependence amongst differentiated products and the vertical interaction between a retailer and two producers are taken into account. This allows some understanding of the effect store brands have on competition among national brands and how this may enhance the retailer's profitability. Results reveal that the strategic role of the store brand may be twofold. By taking the offensive to improve the quality of his store brand, the retailer increases price competition in the product category and benefits from lower wholesale prices. In the case that the terms of trade worsen for the retailer, the store brand plays a more defensive role. We show that a higher sales volume of the store brand compensates for the loss of a retailer whose relative bargaining power decreases. Empirical analyses conducted on retail scanner data for 21 product categories and 384 stores give support to these findings. We in particular observe in half of the categories a negative relationship between the market share of the store brand and the concentration of national brands, showing that store brands threaten not only secondary brands but also the leading national brands
d'Isep, Clarissa Ferreira Macedo. "L' eau juridiquement durable." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO0519.
Full textWater is an element multiple functions, different manifestations and plural titles which, added up to its current state of penury, make it a scare resource, soon lacking economic value. The eminence of hydro-conflicts, due to the hydric penury, has caused the uprising of the universal right to water, which has echoed into the juridical nature of common patrimony of Mankind, reflecting its unitary character estified in the hydrologic cycle. This patrimonialization of water declared by the Law has revealed the embryonic manifestation of the juridical-economic value of water. Hydric pollution leads to the application of the pollutant-payer, a negative manifestation of the economic value of water, which has in the user-payer principle and in the principle of sustainable developement, determined its management in a sustainable, balanced, participative and integrated form. To make it possible it is necessary to have premises, values and instruments. The economic value is a fundament of the water policies – both in France and in Brazil, being instrumented into the charge for water taxes. The hydro-juridical-economic relation of this charge is provided by juridical peculiarities which must be better put into effect by means of the Law. The application of charges requires the observation of the fundamental right to water and of the principles of the management of water in the price formation, which must be done faithfully. The economic methodology is put into the service of this formation which lends some of its instruments, in the aim of accomplishing the price composition, through the ethical and solidary cooperation of its users and the application of the principle of subsidiarity which has an important subject in the local community and the Judiciary Power to fiscalize and punish its disobedience, thus assuring the legality of the juridical application of the water charge taxes
Azar-Baud, Maria José. "Les actions collectives en droit de la consommation : Étude de droit français et argentin à la lumière du droit comparé." Paris 1, 2011. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D125.
Full textPombieilh, Denise. "L'incidence du contrat de consommation sur l'évolution du droit des contrats." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2007.
Full textThe consumer law development was not without repercussions on contract law facing the importance of contractual rules and the coming of a new category of contracts : consumer contract. Research of the measure of consumer contract incidence on the contract law evolution leads to present two results, linked to the legal nature of the object of study. First it seems that the consumer contract is not immediately considered to have an autonomous status in statute law, neither as new category of contracts nor as legal concept. It is defined as a contract concluded by the consumer and so subdued to the consumer law. Its incidence on the contract law evolution must thus, at first, be measured in the alder of the legal treatment of which object it is. So, of lege lata (statute law), the consumer contract appears as a model for inequality contracts. But, it is advisable to wonder about the possibility of applying a notion of consumer contract of which the contributions seem important. Consequently and of lege ferenda such a consideration renews in a very significant way its incidence on the evolution of contract law
Chendeb, Rabih. "La formation du contrat de consommation, étude de droit comparé." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020005.
Full textSpanou, Calliope. "L'administration et les nouveaux mouvements sociaux : consommation, environnement, femmes." Amiens, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AMIE0001.
Full textDuring the 60's and the 70's, new social movements appear, independently from the working class movement, and focus on new social issues. The political and administrative system takes cognizance of these issues and create new administrative agencies to take charge of them ; in this process, the role of political parties and unions seems rather limited and the politicization and intermediation are mainly carried out by a social movement or by the administration itself. The administrative agencies created on this occasion are transverse, weak and hybrid and have to overcome the hostility of older agencies. Their survival demands the adoption of special strategies and especially the cooperation with the social movements which form their constituency. This way, the administrative agency and the militants become interdependent, come closer and influence each other: it is then possible to speak of a "militant administration". However, tension and conflict are not excluded from their relationship because of the role confusion and the lack of precise task division between the two partners. These are also some of the basic reasons why corporatism is absent from their relations
Matringe, Bovy. "Commerce équitable, développement durable : approche juridique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10015/document.
Full textSocial society claims for the sustainable development against the nefas effect of the world economic growth. In 1987, the sustainable development is, officially, announced in the Brundtland report. Engaged by the Agenda 21, France gets to promote the sustainable development by creating laws and government acts. Indeed, the environmental Charter year 2004 is integrated into the preamble of the French Constitution year 1958. The sustainable development is considered as a goal within constitutional value. With article 60 of the law released on 2nd of august 2005, fair trade is registered as the national strategy for the sustainable development. Without any legal definition on fair trade, the economic actors introduce their own equity to run the fair trade conditions. They are for example practice of fair trade with the disadvantage farmers or producers in South, payment of fair price, social welfare respect and environmental respect. Some main economic actors run the quality acknowledgement as the proof of compliance with the fair trade conditions. Actually the quality acknowledgement doesn't get approved by France or any governments in the world. Lack of the juridical instruments to verify the reality of fair trade quality becomes a danger for the juridical order. The government intervention is required to set up the order for fair trade practices. But, an independent government represents, legally and only, their own citizens. Or, the legislation on fair trade needs the management of the trade operated between the economic actors in North and the small producers in South. That's a reason of seeking a new model of governance to regulate fair trade. Mr. Pascal LAMY calls for the alternational governance which needs the participation of the social society among the governments
Wittayatamatat, Siranat. "Les autorités de la concurrence et de la consommation : étude comparative entre le droit français et le droit thaïlandais." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10008/document.
Full textIn the ideology of economic liberalism, the government assumes the role as regulator to ensure compliance with market rules and regulation. Indeed, these rules and regulations control two sets of relation. One applied between economic entities is competition rules justified by the equal opportunity principle. Other applied between business operator and consumer is consumer protection regulations justified by the subordinate position of the consumer towards the operator in commercial practices. Although, these two fields of law don’t have the same scope of application, they pursue a common objective to encourage a fair access to products and services in terms of price and quality. This objective cannot be archived without installation of competent authorities. At this point, difference in nature of these authorities between two areas of law shall be analyzed by an institutional approach. In addition, a comparative approach will be used to compare the competition and consumer protection authorities system in France and the system in Thailand in the context of European Union and ASEAN Economic Community
Rebière, Nicolas. "Les surendettés : définition, dénombrement, caractéristiques et dynamique de la sous-population : application au cas français." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40028.
Full textChardin, Nicole. "Le contrat de consommation de crédit et l'autonomie de la volonté." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30025.
Full textDoes a person applying for credit within the framework of the Scrivener laws of 10 january 1978 and 13 july 1979 give his consent freely ? Our aim in this thesis is to provide an answer. Our starting point is the observation that the principle of free consent, that intangible pillar of the general theory of contracts, has been the subject of affirmation rather than of demonstration. In contract law free will has always appeared an ideal to be attained, but has never been really satisfactorily defined ; both components "free" and "consent" merit reflection. The fact that our study is confined to consumer credit contracts implies that the principle of free consent is being increasingly threatened. This was undeniably so on 9 january 1978. Our study has sought to show how the scrivener laws given back his freedom to the consumer. Accordingly we had to provide precise definitions of "free" and "consent". The legislator of 1978 and 1979 has separatzd out and dissected the "consent" element and then moved on to give us a real definition there of , and accentuate the freedom of the credit consumer. Thus, wittingly or not, he has adapted the classic "consent" schema of psychology to a theory well known to economists and administrative law specialists, namely the theory of decision
Mahjad, Bouchra. "Le déséquilibre contractuel en droit marocain : l'apport du droit de la consommation au droit commun des contrats : approche comparée des droits marocain et français." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1179.
Full textIn the general theory of contracts, a commitment made by consenting parties is deemed inviolable. The legislator takes the contractor’s consent to be a necessary condition, and hence takes measures to protect contracting freedom and to maximize the binding force of the contract. However, the issue of prior consent is becoming problematic with today’s economic changing realities. There have emerged new types of unilaterally pre-formulated contracts which do not allow for any prior negotiation whatsoever, a fact which has urged the introduction of the Consumer Law that is meant to protect the rights of the weaker parties. This new law is more concerned with the identity of the contractors than with the nature of the contract. This law is therefore based on a new conception that seeks to guarantee a contractual and economic balance among contractors. Inspired by the french consumer law, the moroccan consumer law permits the legislator to issue whatever consumer-protecting laws necessary. In any case, however, the consumer needs to be sensitized and well-informed. The moroccan government is thus urged to encourage the creation of more associations for the defense of consumer rights, and to provide them with the financial support needed for them to carry out their mission
Bardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Full textTwo milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Kenderes, Andrea. "Conceptions et techniques du droit de la consommation : comparaison des droits français et hongrois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D006.
Full textIn regulatory jurisdictions that provide for this consumer protection is a group of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers, as well as fair trade, competition, and accurate information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent the businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors. Furthermore the importance of the consumer protection is to safeguard the consumer from exploitation. In the absence of consumer protection, consumers were exploited in many ways for example sale of unsafe products, adulteration and hoarding of goods, using wrong weights and measures, charging excessive prices and sale of inferior quality goods. Through various Consumer Protection Acts, business organizations are under pressure to keep away from exploiting consumers. Consumer protection law is considered an area of law that regulates private law relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services. In 2018, the European Commission is proposing a New Deal for Consumers to ensure that all European consumers fully benefit from their rights under Union law. A study on transparency in online platforms, also published, supports the New Deal’s proposals on online market places. Finally, the different theories show the sophisticated aspects of the French consumer law which has been developing since the Code Napoleon
Ngo, Anh-Thu. "Environmentally responsible consumption of ethanol blended gasoline : behavioural determinants, economic decisions and politics of intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27158/27158.pdf.
Full textSerra, Freire Paula. "Le contrat international de consommation, comparaison franco-brésilienne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020051.
Full textThe internationalization of the consumption of products and services is a phenomenon that can be seen in developed countries, like the case of France, but also to a large extent in developing countries like Brazil. Such internationalization has important implications for the protection of consumers, which are considered in most countries as a weak party that deserves to be protected. This internationalization also raises interesting private international law issues. In this work, we will study the issues related to the determination of the competent jurisdiction and the law applicable to such contracts, from both the French and the Brazilian law perspectives
Pitzalis-Welch, Cécile. "La sanction de l’obligation légale d’information en droit des contrats de consommation : étude de droit français et luxembourgeois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2016_0239_PITZALIS.pdf.
Full textNumerous legal duties to disclose information are promulgated in consumer contract law by the legislational body of the European Union and are thus common to French and Luxembourgish laws. In this context, the legal duty to disclose information possesses a double objective to protect the consumer by enlightening their consent, and regulating the market by favoring loyal competition. A breach of obligatory information disclosures by a professional must be sanctioned to ensure the effectiveness of the obligation. The penalty for breaching the legal obligation to disclose information in consumer contract law must be analyzed using its angle of efficiency within the capacity of its effects to reach the assigned goals. Analyzing French and Luxembourgish consumer contract laws, both similar but with specificities, surmounts a perspective of legislatory choices in terms of sanctioning the legal duties to disclose information, and also aids by informing proposals to improve these current systems of sanction
Tuffery-Andrieu, Jeanne-Marie. "Ébauche d'un droit de la consommation : la protection du chaland sur les marchés toulousains, aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10026.
Full textIn the 17th and 18th centuries, civil peace mostly depended on supplying the population with enough essential foodstuffs. Therefore and in order to guarantee it, the institutions of toulouse undertook the rational development of markets : local by-laws and parliamentary legislation now coercive now liberal regulated the sale and buying conditions of goods as well as their mode of exploitation. Then political economy on which public order was based gradually turned towards a form of economic policy. In fact, the new stakes added to the former concerns led industrial activities to a more intense output of wealth and were aimed at the consumer, an actor that the market hadn't yet taken into account, but that was considered to be capital for the success of transactions. From then on, contract rights were to his advantage. Not only was the price of a product defined but also the quality and quantity of its different constituents guaranteed by the brand. The consumer's protection, an entirely new notion, got that way by the local authorities already heralded, because of its modernity, the consumer society of the 20th century. The various arrangements that regulated the commercial relations of the markets in toulouse can indeed be regarded as the early stages of our own rights of consumption
Dubin, Stéphane. "L'influence des droits de l'homme de la troisième génération sur le droit rural français." Limoges, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIMO1010.
Full textThird-generation human rights are related to the great politicals and economics liberties recognized in 1789. Second-generation rights are usually contained in the 1946 Constitution introduction. The rights of the third generation, also called "solidarity rights", appeared in the 1970s: right to development, right to environment, right of the consumers for a particular protection. These last ones, recognized by the international or european law, have a chronic influence on agricultural policies. Numerous agreements look for their application, and find a translation in France, mostly through european mechanisms. The european integration subordinates the French law, to go always farther in an adaptation of the agricultural structures to the free trade, in theory vector of the Southtern coutries devlopment. But the environmental protection is also a major constituent of the european rules, which is translated in the french law. Protection of the consumers also gives place to turnovers: traceability, labeling, distinguishing features, and the other quality initiatives. French agricultural policy evolutions, to implement the rights of solidarity, questioning of european agricultural vocation and model
Petit, Benoît. "Le régime de coexistence des secteurs marchand et non-marchand de protection sociale : l' apport du concept de développement soutenable aux principes posés par le droit de la concurrence." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32001.
Full textSadaune, de Oliveira Delphine. "L'institution judiciaire, la profession de magistrat et la "loi Neiertz " sur le surendettement." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100161.
Full textAfter the image of the body of laws producted during the lastest thirty years, the neiertz's enactment brings forward an important contentious complicated to manage. Therefore justice is once again confronting itself with the dilemma (quantitative/qualitative) but indeed immersing itself into a specific context. Tribunals distinguish themselves on account of their status, competences, vocations. . . Now wether they are + magistrats courts or magistrats great courts ;, they are submitted to the same constraints and they behave themselves in the same way in the framework of the + over getting into debts ; enactment application. They are indeed coping with a multifarious reality : unspecified, numerical, temporal, functional and structural. Although we notice innovations and changes, those are not making up the signs of a real adaptation of the courts of law to the constraints of the neiertz's enactment. Two patterns of hindrances are in the centre of the inadaptation of the courts of law toward the constraints they meet in the framework of the 31. 12. 89 law. The first one constitutes the aspect of their bureaucratic work, but also, more in the lump, the judicial institution, associated or not with the strategies of the +judicial actors ;. But tribunals are institutions as well. A second pattern of hindrances is making a strand againts their adaptation to the constraints they meet in the framework of the neiertz's enactment: the representations of the judicial actors. Courts of law are directed by representations which guide their work but also their pratical experience. In fine they do not fit to the neiertz fact, for they show themselves hermetically closed to any manner of change
Balthazard, Bernard-Louis. "Vers un droit mondial du développement durable : Contribution à l'étude d'un droit commun aux droits de la santé et de l'environnement, en France et au Laos." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10043.
Full textMbala, Mbala Marcelle. "Contrats d'Etat et développement durable." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20005/document.
Full textCommon discussion points between sustainable development and State contracts exist, despite many visible contradictions. They are based on a particular interaction, built up from the beginning through State contracts, which are highly specific agreements and around political and economic necessities of the time, with the notion of development merely as a requirement in the background. Confronted with successive social changes and the lack of an appropriate judicial framework, State contracts developed in a particular way between dependence, independence, interdependence, heteronomy and autonomy. In international business law, the existence of a sustainable development law related to State contracts must be based precisely on contracts, seen as instruments able to set norms, and must benefit from contracts’interactions with a non-contractual environment. That requires another vision of law, constantly renewed and more adapted to current realities
Gromitsari, Maragianni Paraskevi. "Le droit forestier : étude comparée de la France et de la Grèce." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D054/document.
Full textThe objective of the present work is forestry law from the point of view of comparative law between France and Greece. In these two countries, the forestry law is very heterogeneous, both in its structures and in terms of its missions. ln fact, forestry law is a highly centralized law and must reconcile the exploitation of forest resources and at the same time, its protection. As we delve deeper into the challenge of harmonization, several questions are revealed. The definition of the forest, the adapted state ownership, the role of private property, the interventions for the forest are legal issues, to which the forestry law should respond. ln Greece, Constitution of 1975 has expressly registered environmental protection in the article 24 and devoted a paragraph to its protection by establishing the principle of not changing forest destination of public forests and forest areas, unless the change is important to the national economy. In France, a major step for the protection of the environment was the Constitutional Law of 1 March 2005 on the Environmental Charter that gives to environmental principles constitutional status. Following the adoption of the Charter of the environment, the forest as part of the environment enjoys constitutional protection. The foundations of the desired harmonization in forestry will first develop nationally. This lignment requires consideration of the peculiarities of each country, which involves responses to forestry law's questions. Apart from the national level, it is obvious that the European Union is liable to harmonize the objectives of forestry law. But for the moment, there is no European forest policy. That is why it is appropriate to consider the interest that would present its adoption in future
Thomas, Isabelle. "Droits fonciers et protection de l'environnement : perspectives de résolution du conflit." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOD007.
Full textFrench landed property, instrument of appropriation and control of nature, legitimates the attacks carried to the environment. Consequently, the advent of environmental concerns seems to give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest and value not easily surmountable. An analytical the of the theory of the abuse of rights, measurements of public law and the environmental contractualisation have underlined the limits of the legal devices of private and public law. The study of the conventional constraints, usufruct and rural leases reveals that environmental use is limited by inadequate legal regulation. Ultimately, the global protection of the environment cannot be reasonably considered without land ownership. The thesis thus proposes to redefine or reconsider the property rights starting from the concepts of durable development, common inheritance of the humanity or the idea of patrimonial management of the environment
Chikhaoui-Mahdoui, Leïla. "Le financement de la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010281.
Full textBy analysing the financing of environmental protection, we intend to demonstrate the signifiance of the multiple actors and various procedures implemented to draw off the resources required for safeguarding of the media and the species, for ecological management of natural resources, and for fighting against all kinds of contaminations and nuisances. This analysis namely insists on the similarity of the answers brought by positive law, in every country, from the institutional and procedural viewpoints, to the problem resulting from perpetual search for financial resources to be put at the service of a policy, because of its public interest features is the subject of universal consent since the rio summit in 1992. This global search for funding resources is finally examined from the viewpoint of two simultaneous environment financing policies concretely implemented in two countries with significantly different development levels, france and tunisia, the first country runs this policy within the framework of industrialized country strive for environmental control and a tight european perspective, whereas the second country is at the spur of environmental protection in the mediterranean, african and arabic regions
Tietzmann, e. Silva José Antônio. "Vers un droit pour les établissements humains durables." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/57051f81-0679-40f2-8c91-74257de437f6/blobholder:0/2007LIMO1009.pdf.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new legal frame, able to establish the concept of sustainable human settlement (according to UN notion), comparing Brazilian and French urban, environment and land use law
Amisse-Gauthier, Magali. "La régulation juridique des interactions entre les démarches économique et environnementale : enjeu pour un développement durable : l'exemple des marais salants de la presqu'île guérandaise." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4004.
Full textRassat, Fanny. "Le rôle des initiatives civiles de prévention des déchets dans la fabrique de la ville : l'exemple des lieux de réemploi." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7001.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study waste produced by households in cities through waste prevention processes. In the context of a strong growth in private consumption and fast replacement of obsolete items, the amount of waste has increased sharply. In these circumstances, sustainable development policies has made the reduction of waste a priority. While nuisances associated with waste tend to shrink but are often accompanied by distance and discredit on the waste territories, local recycle centers (also called reuse centers or thrift shops) are booming. Our initial research focuses on understanding how these places - that adopt an ecological and/or social approach- contribute to modifying the rapport citizens have to their rejects and transform their relationship with the urban and social environment. We also look at the involvement of these recycle centers in the making of a sustainable city. This research is innovating by mobilizing several fields of geography: studies on places, proximity, geography of trade and consumption as well as the citizens’ initiatives in urban life. Reuse is seen as the recirculation of waste which takes place in specific “new consumption’s” territories. To understand the change in the value of waste in these territories, reuse is analyzed from its aesthetic experience that creates a new relation to waste. The research focuses mainly on the Greater Paris – an urban metropolis – whose results are contrasted with an exploratory work conducted in New York
Petitpretre, Benoît. "L'apport de la notion de valeur pour le consommateur à la compréhension de l'achat de produits équitables." Paris 2, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01963460.
Full textMoruzzi, Romina. "Les consommateurs face aux paradoxes de l'offre de produits alimentaires durables : une étude comparative entre France et Italie." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0002/document.
Full textThis study aims to explore existing paradoxes in sustainable offer of food products and consequently behaviours of consumers at the time of perceiving these paradoxes. The related theoretical model is that of Mick and Fournier (1998), built initially for studying the paradoxes of modern technologies and adapted at the case of sustainable food consumption. A qualitative survey has been conducted among 84 ordinary consumers in France and Italy. Later other 18 subjects, already involved into sustainable purchases (participants of AMAP or Associations of Consumers), have been interviewed. The semi-structured interviews have shed light on perceived paradoxes and adopted coping strategies faced with two moments: before sustainable choice and at the moment of sustainable choice (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Last we have achieved to distinguish specific elements attached to two contexts of research: France and Italy, such as structural factors (market of sustainable food products) and cultural ones, and after in regard with consumers by proposing some profiles-types. So that this work has three objectives: theoretical as to verify the paradoxes listed towards the offer of food sustainable products; methodological regarding the adaptation of conceptual model of Mick et Fournier (1998) to specific context of research and then practical ones in order to distinguish some elements which can affect negatively the development of sustainable current offer
Trinquelle, Isabelle. "La dynamique Région-Etat-Union Européenne face à la gestion des déchets. Quel rôle pour les régions d’Europe? A travers les exemples de l’Allemagne, la Belgique, la France, l’Italie et l'Espagne." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA111002.
Full textMore than 2,2 billion tons of waste are produced each year in Europe. The necessity to manage this situation implies three essential political actors : the European union, its member states and their regions. The research here examines the dynamic of the current distribution of competences and focuses on the present and future role of the regions with regard to this particular sector of the environment. The investigation concerns five E. U. Member states including regional authorities with various ranges of competence : Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Following an analysis of competence sharing, under community law and under the law of each country, divers dysfunctions in implementation are pointed out. These are linked with the particular complexity of the question of wastes and also with the plurality of actors whose interventions are sometimes incompatible. To overcome this situation, some proposals are made to improve the existing regions-states-European union dynamic. In particular, re-definition of the proper responsibilities of each authority level and development of means of cooperation can prevent conflicts and foster coherent management. In this context, the potential of regions is emphasized for the realization of European integration and, above all, integration of environmental concerns into general policy
Girard, Julien. "L' engagement des entreprises et la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010289.
Full textBoonplook, Duangthip. "L’action civile des associations de défense d’intérêts collectifs : étude comparée en droit français et thaïlandais." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4002.
Full textIn France, an association can entertain, as a rule, a civil action towards defending collective interests if that is authorized by a legislative text. Nevertheless, a part of French law admits that in the absence of legislative text, that an association can entertain such a civil suit for the defense of collective interests which come within its business purpose in two hypotheses: on the one hand, it is authorized to act for the defense of the collective interests of its members, otherwise named « the defense of the collective interest to egoistic purposes »; , and on the other hand, it is authorized to act for the defense of some general causes, named otherwise « the defense of the collective interests for altruistic purposes ». In relation to criminal proceedings, an association can participate in such proceedings in view to obtaining the condemnation of culprit defendant, and an indemnity arising from the condemnation. However, punitive damages are not applied by the French criminal courts in relation to associations. In Thailand, only consumers’ associations are authorized to act by virtue of article 40 of the Law of Consumer Protection of 1979. Such an association can entertain civil actions for the defense of collective interests before all courts. There is no principle of punitive damages in Thailand because the legislator considers that only a civil judge can award such damages. However, consumers’ associations are not the only organ that are authorized to act in law as agents in the field of consumer protection can likewise act by virtue of article 39 of the Law of Consumer Protection of 1979. In France, an association can seek punitive damages where it acts for the defense of collective interest of its members. In that case, she is to obtain beforehand a mandate given by each of its members. Further to the considerable development Group Action in the United State and Quebec, a workgroup was set up in 2005 on Jacques Chirac’s presidency, to elaborate a bill in favour of consumers. Because of lacunas and incoherence, the bill was not promulgated as law, but was removed from the order of the day of the Council of Ministers in February 2007. In Thailand, a Group Action bill was presented by the Council of the State. This bill is totally influenced by the Group Action model of the United State. It covers a vast field of application as it applies not only to torts, but also to disputes relative to environmental and consumers’ protection. This leaves however, a lot of questions without answers (as for example: the question relating to Funding Assistance). This project did not succeed. But we consider this project as a first proof of the considerable development of the Thai civil procedure
Ionescu, Raluca Maria. "La protection des consommateurs de services financiers en droits français, européen et roumain." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010289.
Full textSabrinni, Pereira Fernanda. "La protection des professionnels contre les clauses abusives : comparaison franco-brésilienne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020016.
Full textThe present thesis is about the protection of professionals against unfair contract terms. While at first glance, one would expect that such protection seemed to be in favor of consumers, it is no longer the case nowadays in many legal systems. In fact, if one considers the ratio legis of such protection, it seems discriminatory to reserve its benefits only to consumers. The impossibility to negotiate the contract, caused by the economic inequality between both parties, as well as the risk of unfair imbalance that results, conducts the legislator to give to the judge the power to declare unwritten the so-called abusive clauses.These two factors arise to professionals which are economically dependent upon the contracting party : this dependence will suppress any force over the negotiation of contract terms that the consumer may have. Consequently, some countries like France and unlike Brazil, have implemented a protection of professionals against significant imbalances. None of these protection systems may claim to be perfect. Thenceforth, the present comparative analysis will reveal the strengths and weaknesses of both French and Brazilian laws, and thus to better propose a recast of the protection granted by these two countries to professionals against unfair contract terms