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Côté, Marie-Hélène 1966. "Consonant cluster phonotactics : a perceptual approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8845.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. [309]-345).
This dissertation deals with deletion and epenthesis processes conditioned or constrained by the consonantal environment, essentially consonant deletion, vowel epenthesis and vowel deletion. It is argued that the standard generative approach to these processes, which relies on the syllable and the principle of prosodic licensing, is empirically inadequate, and an alternative sequential approach based on perceptual factors is developed. It is proposed that the likelihood that a consonant deletes, triggers epenthesis or blocks vowel deletion correlates with the quality and quantity of the auditory cues associated to it in a given context. The approach is implemented in Optimality Theory and adopts more specifically the 'Licensing by cue' framework developed by Steriade (1997, 1999). New empirical generalizations concerning deletion and epenthesis processes are uncovered, in particular 1) the fact that stops are more likely than other consonants to delete, trigger epenthesis or block deletion; 2) the role of syntagmatic contrast in deletion and epenthesis processes; 3) the role of the audibility of stop release bursts; 4) the existence of cumulative edge effects, whereby more and more phonotactic combinations are licensed at the edges of prosodic domains as we go up the prosodic hierarchy. These generalizations are elucidated in terms of internal and contextual cues, modulation in the acoustic signal, and cue enhancement processes at edges of prosodic domains. The proposed perceptual approach achieves a substantial simplification and unification of the conceptual apparatus necessary to analyze deletion and epenthesis processes. It subsumes under the more general notion of perceptual salience principles of syllable well-formedness and the Obligatory Contour Principle. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for exceptional mechanisms such as extra syllabicity at domain edges. The analysis is based on the study of deletion and epenthesis processes in a variety of languages. Detailed investigations of schwa in Parisian French, cluster simplification in Quebec French and stop deletion and vowel epenthesis in Ondarroa Basque are provided.
by Marie-Hélène Côté.
Ph.D.
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Han, Kyung-Im. "Consonant cluster phenomena: A cross-linguistic comparison." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239425.
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Yun, Suyeon Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A theory of consonant cluster perception and vowel epenthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107089.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-154).
This dissertation concerns cluster-dependent asymmetries in vowel epenthesis in loanword adaptation and in non-native cluster perception. The central argument is that auditory factors affect the relative perceptual similarity between consonant clusters and the corresponding epenthesis forms, which in turn plays an important role in determining the site of epenthesis in loanword adaptation. This dissertation provides an extended typology of vowel epenthesis sites in consonant cluster adaptation, considering a variety of clusters both in word-initial and in word-final positions. It will be argued that the cluster-dependent asymmetries in epenthesis sites are best explained by the auditory properties of consonant clusters, such as intensity rise. Specifically, if a cluster involves an intensity rise inside the cluster, epenthesis occurs inside the cluster; if a cluster involves an intensity rise outside the cluster, epenthesis occurs outside the cluster; and if a cluster involves two intensity rises, either internal or external epenthesis can occur. I argue that this is because the epenthetic vowel insertion where there is an intensity rise makes a perceptually less salient change from the original cluster than epenthesis where there is no intensity rise, based on the P-map hypothesis (Steriade, 2008) that an output involving a perceptually smaller change is more optimal. The results of several perception experiments support the hypothesis by showing that not only intensity rise but also C1 voicing have a significant effect on the perceptual similarity between the consonant clusters and the corresponding epenthesis forms. Crucially, it will be shown that the novel generalization about vowel epenthesis sites and the results of perception experiments employing phonetically diverse stimuli can be best explained by the auditory properties, and not by the sonority profile, which has traditionally been used to explain these data.
by Suyeon Yun.
Ph. D.
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Alkhonini, Omar Ahmed. "CODA CONSONANT CLUSTER PATTERNS IN THE ARABIC NAJDI DIALECT." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1368.
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This study examines the coda clusters in Classical Arabic and how Najdi speakers, modern inhabitants of the central area of Saudi Arabia, pronounce them. Fourteen Najdi participants were asked to read a list of thirty-one words that took into account falling, equal, and rising sonority clusters, consisting of obstruents, nasals, liquids, and glides. The instrument contained one, two, and three steps of sonority for each level of sonority (falling and rising) to determine the minimal sonority distance used in Najdi Arabic. Specifically, obstruent + nasal, nasal + liquid, and liquid + glide were included for falling sonority clusters of one step, obstruent + liquid and nasal + glide were used for falling sonority clusters of two steps, and only obstruent + glide for falling sonority clusters of three steps. To test the rising sonority clusters, the elements in the clusters were transposed for each combination; for example, instead of using obstruent + nasal, clusters of nasal + obstruent were considered. However, for equal sonority clusters, only obstruent + obstruent and nasal + nasal were examined. Obstruents were dealt with separately in the instrument at first to see whether they caused any difference in the results. The results showed that the subjects added epenthesis in the rising sonority clusters and equal sonority clusters containing sonorants. However, they did not add epenthesis in the falling sonority clusters or equal sonority clusters containing obstruents. Thus, no matter the distance in sonority between the two segments in the rising sonority clusters (one, two, or three steps), the participants always epenthesized them. In addition, no matter how many sonority steps there were between the two segments in the falling sonority clusters, the participants always produced them without modification. In case of equal sonority, when the two segments of the cluster were sonorants, the participants added epenthesis; however, when the two segments of the cluster were obstruents, the participants produced them without modification.
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Sheppard, Samantha. "NATIVE SPEAKERS' REALIZATIONS OF WORD-INITIAL FRICATIVE + CONSONANT CLUSTERS IN ENGLISH NON-WORDS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1448.
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This study examines the role of voiceless and voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial true consonant clusters and adjunct clusters. Specifically, this study sought evidence to determine whether the lack of voiced fricatives, such as /z/ and /v/, in English word-initial true and adjunct clusters is due to an active ban or an accidental gap in the language's phonotactics. This study also looked into whether the voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ is the only fricative that can play the role of adjunct segment in word-initial adjunct clusters, or whether other fricatives, such as the voiced alveolar fricative /z/, or the voiceless and voiced labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/ could also be adjunct segments in word-initial adjunct clusters. Fourteen native English speakers were asked to pronounce a list of non-words containing word-initial clusters with /s/, /f/, /z/, and /v/ as the first consonant and /r/, /l/, /n/, /k/, and /g/ as the second consonant. The clusters were chosen to represent different voicing statuses and places of articulation for the first consonant in the cluster, in addition to differing sonority distances between the first consonant and the second consonant of the word-initial cluster. The native English speaker productions were recorded and acoustically analyzed in order to determine the exact pronunciations each speaker used for each target cluster. The results were then statistically analyzed to reveal patterns. Results showed that the lack of voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial position of true clusters in English is due to an accidental gap, due to the relatively numerous correct productions of such clusters. The the lack of voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial position of adjunct clusters in English, however, is due to an active ban, due to the difficulty that the native English speakers had in correctly producing such clusters. This study also concluded that while /s/ is the only adjunct segment in English, /f/ could also play that role.
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ALGHMAIZ, BANDAR ABDULAZIZ. "WORD-INITIAL CONSONANT CLUSTER PATTERNS IN THE ARABIC NAJDI DIALECT." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1078.
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Unlike in Classical Arabic, this study hypothesized that word-initial consonant clusters exist in Najdi Arabic as a result of first vowel deletion. The goal of this study was to investigate the word-initial consonant cluster patterns of Najdi Arabic and measure the sonority scale of this particular position. Ten native Najdi Arabic speakers were asked to pronounce 24 words and 24 sentences that contained all the possible consonant cluster patterns that could occur in Najdi Arabic. The output of the subjects revealed that Najdi Arabic does have initial consonant clusters in certain environments and that the minimum sonority distance was one step between the first and second onsets. The study found that the sonority distance between the first and second onsets plays a role in forming initial consonant clusters in Najdi. Additionally, the existence of less-marked consonant clusters was found to be more frequent than the more marked ones. Finally, the study proposed examining the pattern of the deleted vowel in future studies to determine whether it plays a role in the results.
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Sanoudaki, Eirini. "A CVCV model of consonant cluster acquisition : evidence from Greek." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446084/.
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The aim of this thesis is to develop a model of the acquisition of consonant clusters within the phonological framework of CVCV theory. This is the first attempt to link CVCV to the area of language acquisition. It thus provides a new domain within which CVCV can be evaluated against other phonological theories. The core claim of CVCV is that syllable structure consists solely of onsets and nuclei, without any branching constituents. Consonant clusters are separated by empty nuclei, whose distribution is controlled by binary parameters. The model developed in this thesis is based on the assumption that a central part of the acquisition process is the gradual setting of these parameters to the appropriate value. The model, apart from covering familiar acquisition data, makes a number of predictions about the order of acquisition of consonant clusters. Of particular importance are predictions regarding word initial clusters of non-rising sonority, whose acquisition has attracted little attention. The predictions are tested against experimental data of cluster production by fifty-nine children acquiring Greek as their first language. The experimental results indicate that a CVCV model can account for consonant cluster acquisition. With regard to word initial position, the results support the proposed CVCV analysis by providing evidence for the existence of a word initial Onset-Nucleus unit. Moreover, the notoriously complex issue of s+consonant clusters is examined, and new evidence for the structure and markedness of these clusters is provided. Finally, the results offer a new perspective on a manner dissimilation phenomenon in Greek, whereby clusters of two voiceless fricatives or two voiceless stops turn into a fricative plus stop. A parametric analysis, based on segmental complexity, is proposed, and it is argued that this analysis can explain the acquisition data as well as the historical evolution of Greek clusters.
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Falahati, Ardestani Reza. "Gradient and Categorical Consonant Cluster Simplification in Persian: An Ultrasound and Acoustic Study." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26117.
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The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the nature of an optional consonant deletion process, through an articulatory and acoustic study of word-final consonant clusters in Persian. Persian word-final coronal stops are optionally deleted when they are preceded by obstruents or the homorganic nasal /n/. For example, the final clusters in the words /næft/ “oil”, /suχt/ “burnt” and /qæsd/ “intention” are optionally simplified in fast/casual speech, resulting in: [næf], [suχ], and [qæs]. What is not clear from this traditional description is whether the coronal stop is truly deleted, or if a coronal gesture is produced, but not heard, because it is obscured by the adjacent consonants. According to Articulatory Phonology (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990a, 1990b, 1992, 2001), the articulatory gestures of the deleted segments can still exist even if the segments are not heard. In this dissertation, ultrasound imaging was used to determine whether coronal consonant deletion in Persian is categorical or gradient, and the acoustic consequences of cluster simplification were investigated through duration and spectral measures. This phonetic study enables an account for the optional nature of the cluster simplification process. A general phonological account is provided for the simplification of coda clusters with rising sonority, and the acoustic and articulatory investigation focuses on the simplification of clusters with coronal stops.
Ten Persian-speaking graduate students from the University of Ottawa and Carleton University, five male and five female, aged 25-38 participated in the articulatory and acoustic study. Audio and real time ultrasound video recordings were made while subjects had a guided conversation with a native speaker of Persian.
662 tokens of word-final coronal clusters were auditorily classified into unsimplified and simplified according to whether they contained an audible [t]. Singleton coda consonants and singleton /t/s were also captured as controls.
The end of the constriction plateau of C1 and beginning of constriction plateau of C3 were used to define a time interval in which to measure the coronal gesture as the vertical distance between the tongue blade and the palate. Smoothing Splines ANOVA was used in a novel way to compare tongue blade height over time across the three conditions.
The articulatory results of this study showed that the gestures of the deleted segments are often still present. More specifically, the findings showed that of the clusters that sounded simplified, some truly had no [t] gesture, some had gestural overlap, and some had reduced gestures. In order to explain the optional nature of the simplification process, it is argued that the simplified tokens are the result of two independent mechanisms. Inevitable mechanical and physiological effects generate gesturally reduced and overlapped tokens whereas planned language-specific behaviors driven by phonological rules or abstract cognitive representations result in no [t]-gesture output. The findings of this study support the main arguments presented in Articulatory Phonology regarding the underlying reasons for sound patterns and sound change. The results of this study are further used to examine different sound change models. It is argued that the simplified tokens with totally deleted [t] gesture could be the result of speakers changing their representations based on other people’s gestural overlap. This would be instances of the Choice and Chance categories in Blevins’ (2004) CCC sound change model. The acoustic results did not find any major cues which could distinguish simplified tokens from controls. It is argued that articulatory data should form an integral part of phonetic studies.
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Dixon, Ian J. "A Study of Language Attitudes Concerning the De-Affication of /tʃ/, the Pronunciation of the /tɾ/ Consonant Cluster, and the Use of the Definite Article with Proper Names in Santiago, Chile." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2379.
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This thesis analyzes the linguistic attitudes of natives from Santiago, Chile regarding three linguistic phenomena present in Chilean Spanish of Santiago: the fricative realization of the Spanish /tʃ/, the assibilated realization of /tɾ/ and the use of the definite article before the first names of people. The social factors of age, sex and socioeconomic status are acknowledged as possible factors contributing to the linguistic attitudes of the 64 participants interviewed.
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Seo, Misun. "A segment contact account of the patterning of sonorants in consonant clusters." Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070433081.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 227 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Elizabeth V. Hume, Dept. of Linguistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-227).
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Schaeffler, Felix. "Phonological Quantity in Swedish Dialects : Typological Aspects, Phonetic Variation and Diachronic Change." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Philosophy and Linguistics, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-587.
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Jakielski, Kathy Jo. "Motor organization in the acquisition of consonant clusters /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Bombien, Lasse. "Segmental and prosodic aspects in the production of consonant clusters." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-128407.
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Yam, Pui Suen Josephine. "The acquisition of English consonant clusters by Hong Kong learners." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3203176.
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Nyagah, Judith W. "The acquisition of initial English consonant clusters by Kikuyu children." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307002.
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Kwon, Bo-Young. "Korean speakers' production of English consonant clusters articulatory and perceptual accounts /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian, and African Languages, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-304). Also issued in print.
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Guan, Qianwen. "Emerging modes of temporal coordination : Mandarin and non-native consonant clusters." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC060.
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Cette thèse examine la perception et la production des clusters consonantiques (CC) non-natifs par des locuteurs natifs du chinois mandarin, une langue à structure syllabique relativement simple. Cette étude s’est concentrée sur les différentes modifications (ou “erreurs”) qui apparaissent dans la perception et la production des locuteurs, à la lumière du rôle joué par leur connaissance phonologique et par leur sensibilité aux détails phonétiques. J’émets les hypothèses suivantes : si, tout d’abord, la connaissance phonotactique native affecte principalement l’adaptation des séquences non-natives, les locuteurs du mandarin percevront et produiront systématiquement un vocoïde dans les clusters consonantiques. En revanche, si la sensibilité aux détails phonétiques contribue principalement à l’adaptation, les locuteurs du mandarin produiront diverses modifications en fonction des propriétés phonétiques des clusters auxquels ils sont exposés. Ces hypothèses ont été testées à travers une série d’expériences : un test de discrimination ABX, un test de transcription et un test de production. Dans le test de discrimination ABX, les locuteurs du mandarin se sont montrés très sensibles au contraste CC-CVC. Cela indique que la phonotactique native n’empêchait pas leur perception des clusters non-natifs. Les participants se sont plutôt appuyés sur les détails phonétiques des clusters. Plus le relâchement de la première consonne (dans les clusters occlusive-occlusive) était faible, moins l’épenthèse était perçue.Dans le test de transcription, contrairement aux résultats du test de discrimination, les locuteurs du mandarin ont transcrit les CCs non-natifs avec une proportion élevée de voyelles épenthétiques. Cependant, la transcription des voyelles pourrait être influencée par l’orthographe du pinyin.Par conséquent, nous avons mené un test de production, où les participants entendaient les stimuli contenant des clusters avant de les prononcer à voix haute. Les résultats de ce test de production ont montré que les locuteurs du mandarin produisent un vocoïde au sein des CCs, et que ce vocoïde est similaire à une voyelle réduite en mandarin, de courte durée, avec une qualité semblable à un schwa. Il est intéressant de noter que, malgré l’absence de clusters en mandarin, les locuteurs produisent parfois les clusters CC “correctement” ou avec une période de voisement, en s’appuyant uniquement sur des inputs auditifs. Mais les mesures acoustiques de ces différents types de production indiquent que le mode de coordination temporelle natif était maintenu dans la production avec vocoïdes, même si les locuteurs étaient capables de compresser le vocoïde acoustiquement. La production de clusters non-natifs par des locuteurs du mandarin est donc fortement affectée par leur connaissance phonologique, alors que leur perception de ces mêmes clusters est principalement influencée par leur sensibilité aux détails phonétiquesThis dissertation investigates the perception and production of non-native consonant clusters (CCs) by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, a language with relatively simple syllable structure. We focus on the different modifications (‘errors’) that emerge in perception and production, in light of the role played by phonological knowledge and by sensitivity to phonetic details.We hypothesized that if native phonotactic knowledge is primarily affecting non-native adaptation, Mandarin speakers will perceive and produce a vowel systematically in consonant clusters. Alternatively, if sensitivity to phonetic details primarily contributes to adaptation, Mandarin speakers will show various modifications depending on phonetic properties of the actual clusters presented. These hypotheses were tested through a series of experiments—an ABX discrimination experiment, a transcription experiment, and a prompted production experiment.In the ABX discrimination experiment, Mandarin speakers were highly sensitive to the CC-CVC contrast, showing that native phonotactics does not impede their perception of non-native clusters. Participants relied instead on the phonetic details of the clusters. The weaker the C1 burst in stop-stop clusters, the less vowel epenthesis was perceived.In the follow-up transcription experiment, results showed that correct transcription was absent from the data. Contrary to the discrimination results, Mandarin speakers transcribed non-native CCs with a high percentage of epenthetic vowels. However, vowel transcription may be biased by Pinyin orthography.Therefore, we conducted a production experiment, where speakers heard the stimuli with clusters and produced them aloud. The results of this prompted production experiment showed that Mandarin speakers produce a vocoid (a ‘vowel’ in a purely phonetic sense, see Pike, 1943) within CCs, which is similar to a reduced vowel in Mandarin, with short duration and schwa-like quality. The acoustic measures of the production indicated that the native gestural timing pattern was maintained in the production with vocoids, even though speakers were able to compress the vocoid acoustically. Interestingly, despite the absence of clusters in Mandarin, speakers sometimes ‘correctly’ produced non-native CC sequences, or produced them with a period of voicing, just relying on auditory inputs. We thus learned that the production of non-native clusters by Mandarin speakers is highly affected by their phonological knowledge, while their perception of the same clusters is primarily influenced by their sensitivity to phonetic details
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Esshali, Abdullah Khuzayem. "DIFFICULTIES OF PRONOUNCING ENGLISH TRI-LITERAL CONSONANT CLUSTERS IN WORD-INITIAL POSITION AMONG NAJDI ARABIC-SPEAKING ESL LEARNERS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1100.
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This study aimed to investigate the difficulties of pronouncing English clusters in word-initial position by Najdi (central area in Saudi Arabia) Saudi learners when they want to pronounce a tri-literal cluster in word-initial position in English. Twelve participants who speak the Najdi dialect were chosen to conduct this study. All of them were classified as beginning English students in the English center of the University of Southern Illinois Carbondale. To get the results, a list of 23 words and list of 42 sentences were used. The results revealed that Najdi Saudi ESL learners have difficulties in pronouncing English tri-literal clusters in word-initial position. The results showed that the short high front vowel /ɪ/ and the low-mid front /ɛ/ were inserted to break the clusters.
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Martz, Chris D. "Production of onset consonant clusters/sequences by adult Japanese learners of English." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3256799.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Speech and Hearing Sciences, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 20, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 0980. Adviser: Raquel T. Anderson.
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Cruz, Emerson Lopes. "Os erros de pronúncia encontrados na produção de agrupamentos consonantais (consonant clusters) por alunos brasileiros aprendizes de inglês." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2008. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4821.
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Esta dissertação busca: (1) entender as motivações para os erros fonético-fonológicos produzidos por alunos brasileiros universitários aprendizes do Inglês, principalmente no que se refere à dificuldade desses alunos em produzir palavras que contêm agrupamentos consonantais (consonant clusters), e (2) contribuir para uma análise linguística e pedagógica, buscando mostrar a necessidade de mudança de paradigmas no ensino de Inglês com base em transformações histórico-político-sociais, causadas pela expansão da língua inglesa como fenômeno mundial, para que haja uma revisão dos parâmetros e consequente reformulação dos currículos utilizados atualmente no ensino do Inglês, inclusive e principalmente no Brasil. Para a execução da presente investigação, utilizamos pesquisa de orientação etnográfica e estudo comparativo entre o Português e o Inglês. Concluímos, em linhas gerais, que os brasileiros, não-nativos falantes do Inglês como L2, tendem a pronunciar palavras que contenham agrupamentos (clusters) ou sequências consonantais desfazendo-os, principalmente através do uso de um elemento epentético de valor [+ silábico], em geral a vogal [i], em face das diferenças fonético-fonológicas existentes entre o Português e o Inglês.
This thesis aims at: (1) seeking to understand the motivations for the phonetic-phonological errors produced by Brazilian university students, English learners, mainly in what concerns the difficulty of those students in producing words which contain consonant clusters; and (2) contributing a pedagogical and linguistic analysis, trying to show the need for paradigm shifting in the teaching of English on the basis of recent historical, political, and social changes, caused by the spreading of the English language as a world phenomenon, so that there can be a revision of the parameters and consequent restructuring of the curricula presently adopted in English language teaching, mainly in Brazil. For the execution of this work, we made use of ethnographically-oriented research and carried out a comparative study of Portuguese and English. In general lines, we conclude that, as non-native speakers of English, Brazilians are likely to pronounce words which contain consonant clusters by splitting them, mainly through the use of an epenthetic [+ syllabic] element, in general the vowel [i], because of the existing phonetic-phonological differences between Portuguese and English.
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Bray, Jodi Patrice. "Understanding sonority an acoustic analysis of perceptual cues in English and Russian consonant clusters." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000306.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains xxviii, 236 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Daana, Hana Asaad. "The Development of Consonant Clusters, Stress and Plural Nouns in Jordanian Arabic Child Language." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504832.
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Al-Aqlobi, Obied. "DIFFICULTIES IN PRONOUNCING AND PERCEIVING ENGLISH WORD-FINAL CONSONANT CLUSTERS AMONG SAUDI ESL LEARNERS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1289.
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The present study aims to investigate whether or not Saudi ESL learners have difficulty pronouncing and perceiving the final consonant clusters of English words in the coda position. The focus is on two points. The first is identifying the most difficult sound cluster in the word-final position, whether it is two or three consonants, and second is to examine the repairs employed by Saudi learners. Eleven participants were recruited for this study. Their participation was elicited using production and perception. The production task consisted of pronouncing 14 words to elicit their pronunciation of the final consonants of English words. Those words were divided into two groups, eight for a coda of two consonants and six for a coda of three consonants. In the perception task the participants listened to a recording of their pronunciation. Using the multiple choice technique, they looked at the words that they pronounced orthographically along with the pronunciation options in transcription and chose the one they think they pronounced. The study concluded that markedness plays a key role in pronouncing word-final consonant clusters, particularly tri-literals. Therefore, the speech learning model (SLM) indicates that non-exiting sounds in the Arabic language pose difficulties in pronouncing and perceiving word-final consonant clusters.
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Milne, Peter. "The Variable Pronunciations of Word-final Consonant Clusters in a Force Aligned Corpus of Spoken French." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31139.
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This thesis project examined both schwa insertion and simplification following word-final consonant clusters in a large corpus of spoken French. Two main research questions were addressed. Can a system of forced alignment reliably reproduce pronunciation judgements that closely match those of a human researcher? How do variables, such as speech style, following context, motivation for simplification and speech rate, affect the variable pronunciations of word-final consonant clusters? This project describes the creation and testing of a novel system of forced alignment capable of segmenting recorded French speech. The results of comparing the pronunciation judgements between automatic and manual methods of recognition suggest that a system of forced alignment using speaker adapted acoustic models performed better than other acoustic models; produced results that are likely to be similar to the results produced by manual identification; and that the results of forced alignment are not likely to be affected by changes in speech style or speech rate. This project also described the application of forced alignment on a corpus of natural language spoken French. The results presented in this large sample corpus analysis suggest that the dialectal differences between Québec and France are not as simple as ``simplification in Québec, schwa insertion in France". While the results presented here suggest that the process of simplification following a word-final consonant cluster is similar in both dialects, the process of schwa insertion is likely to be different in each dialect. In both dialects, word-final consonant cluster simplification is more frequent in a preconsonantal context; is most likely in a spontaneous or less formal speech style and in that speech style is positively associated with higher speaking rates. Schwa insertion following a word-final consonant cluster displays much stronger dialectal differences. Schwa insertion in the dialect from France is strongly affected by following context and possibly speech style. Schwa insertion in the dialect from Québec is not affected by following context and is strongly predicted by a lack of consonant cluster simplification.
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Shitaw, Abdurraouf Elhashmi. "An instrumental phonetic investigation of timing relations in two-stop consonant clusters in Tripolitanian Libyan Arabic." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7445/.
Full textAbstract:
This study uses acoustic, electropalatographic and laryngographic data to investigate articulatory timing and the timing of voicing of single stops and two-stop consonant clusters in Tripolitanian Libyan Arabic. The theoretical framework which has been adopted in this investigation is based on Articulatory Phonology. An acoustic approach is also employed in this study to measure the duration of segments and overlap in clusters. Another objective of this research is to determine whether syllable position, place of articulation, including articulation sequence, the morphological structure, gender of the speaker and articulation rate will have an influence on the gestural coordination and the timing of voicing of Tripolitanian Libyan Arabic stops. Fourteen native speakers of Tripolitanian Libyan Arabic produced fifty-eight mostly monosyllabic words that contain seven syllable-initial single stops, seven syllable-final single stops, twenty-seven syllable-initial two-stop clusters and seventeen syllable-final two-stop clusters in normal, fast and slow articulation rate. One speaker was recorded using Electropalatography and Laryngography. Measurements include duration of the hold phase of the stops, the duration of overlap/delay between two adjacent consonantal closures, the timing and duration of the voicing during the hold phase and the duration of VOT. Statistical results show significant influence of syllable position, place of articulation, gender and speaking rate on the gestural coordination of two-stop clusters. In syllable-initial position, the pattern of coordination is characterised by an overlap between the two consonantal closures or by a short delay as a result of the release of the first stop. In syllable-final position, the pattern of coordination of two consonantal gestures is marked by a less cohesive coordination leading to the existence of an epenthetic vowel. These patterns of coordination varied as a function of place of articulation, gender of the speaker and the rate of articulation. Clusters with lingual stops are less overlapped compared to clusters containing bilabial stops. Male speakers produced longer hold phase durations and longer inter-consonantal intervals in comparison with female speakers. While in faster articulation rates the two consonantal gestures were reduced in duration and exhibited more gestural overlap, slow articulation rate resulted in the opposite outcome. Results of the influences of articulation sequence and morphological structure of the cluster were less evident. Finally, the duration of voice onset time and the timing and duration of voicing during the hold phase varied as a function of syllable position, place of articulation and articulation rate, with more voicing in syllable-final single stops than syllable-initial and an increase in voicing by the increase in articulation rate, and the opposite pattern is evident in slow articulation rate. The duration of VOT becomes longer as the place of articulation moves back and shorter when the articulation rate is increased. In slow speaking rate, VOT is longer.
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Ott, Susan, de Vijver Ruben van, and Barbara Höhle. "The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1631/.
Full textAbstract:
In this study the effect of phonotactic constraints concerning word-initial consonant clusters in children with delayed phonological acquisition was explored. Twelve German-speaking children took part (mean age 5;1). The spontaneous speech of all children was characterized by the regular appearance of the error patterns fronting, e.g., Kuh (cow) → /tu:/, or stopping, e.g., Schaf (sheep) → /ta:f/, which were inappropriate for their chronological age. The children were asked to produce words (picture naming task, word repetition task) with initial consonant clusters, in which the application of the error patterns would violate phonotactic sequence constraints. For instance, if fronting would apply in /kl-/, e.g., Kleid (dress), it would be realized as the phontactically illegal consonant cluster /tl-/. The results indicate that phonotactic constraints affect word production in children with delayed phonological developments. Surprisingly, we found that children with fronting produced the critical consonants correctly significantly more often in word-initial consonant clusters than in words in which they appeared as singleton onsets. In addition, the results provide evidence for a similar developmental trajectory of acquisition in children with typical development and in children with delayed phonological acquisition.
Keywords: Children with delayed phonological acquisition, phonotactic constraints, word-initial consonant clusters, fronting, stopping.
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Almalki, Hussain. "Acoustic Investigation of Production of Clusters by Saudi Second Language Learners of English." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1235.
Full textAbstract:
Production errors made by second language (L2) learners of English have been attributed to markedness, L1 transfer or input frequency (cf. Major, 2001; Edwards & Zampini, 2008; Baptista, Rauber, & Watkins, 2009). This thesis examines the production of 17 English initial consonant clusters (e.g., /pr/ in “pray”) in a markedness relationship, whereby clusters with greater sonority distance between the first and second consonants are unmarked and clusters with smaller sonority distance between the first and second consonants are marked, by two groups of Saudi Arabian L2 English learners. It also explores the effect of input frequency and L1 transfer. Participants were asked to read 60 sentences and their reading was recorded for acoustic analysis. Analysis showed that “prothesis” was always used to simplify the clusters, and that, the duration of the prothetic vowel tended to get longer when clusters become more marked. Intermediate participants had greater degree of difficulty in producing the clusters and tended to insert a longer prothetic vowel in general. Markedness explained the performance on #sC clusters; however, performance on non #sC clusters was best explained by L1 transfer. Results further indicated that input frequency was irrelevant to this study.
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Giacchini, Vanessa. "APLICAÇÃO DE MODELOS TERAPÊUTICOS DE BASE FONÉTICA E FONOLÓGICA PARA A SUPERAÇÃO DAS ALTERAÇÕES DE FALA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6454.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe aim of this work is to analyze the application of therapeutic models of phonetic and phonological base in order to overcome the consonant clusters simplification (CC) in children who perform compensatory lengthening in the CCV structure. The thesis of this study is that there is underlying phonological knowledge on the syllabic structure CCV in children who perform compensatory lengthening when this structure is not filled in a proper way. For this reason, the best therapeutic approach is the one that can help in the phonetic implementation rather than the phonological organization. Thus, the present research aims to verify the effects of different therapeutic approaches in relation to the production and stabilization of CC in the speech of children who perform the compensatory lengthening and simplify the CC. Besides, it aimed to verify the variants of the therapeutic process in the acquisition of the CCV structure. In order to perform this investigation, four children aged between 5:4 and 7:7 with phonological disorder, CC simplification, lateral and non lateral liquid and who performed the compensatory lengthening strategy were used. Two subjects were under phonetic/articulatory therapy while the others were under phonological therapy. The results showed that the children exposed to phonetic/articulatory therapy need less sessions to the acquisition of CC than the ones exposed to phonological therapy. It was observed that the smaller the degree of phonological disorder is, the bigger the chances of appropriate production of CC. Taking into consideration the obtained results, the thesis of this research may be confirmed since the phonetic/articulatory therapy propitiated quicker progress in relation to the CC stabilization when compared to the phonological therapy and benefit the production of the correct structure.
O tema do presente trabalho é a aplicação de modelos terapêuticos de base fonética e fonológica utilizados na superação da simplificação do onset complexo (OC) em crianças que realizam alongamento compensatório na estrutura CCV. A hipótese norteadora deste estudo é que há conhecimento fonológico subjacente a respeito da estrutura silábica CCV nas crianças que realizam o alongamento compensatório quando a estrutura ainda não é preenchida de forma adequada. Com isso, a abordagem terapêutica que mais favoreceria às crianças que utilizam a referida estratégia seria aquela que auxiliasse na implementação fonética e não na organização fonológica. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de diferentes abordagens terapêuticas em relação à produção e estabilização do OC na fala de crianças que utilizam a estratégia de alongamento compensatório e simplificam o OC. Além disso, objetivou-se verificar as variáveis intervenientes no processo terapêutico na aquisição da estrutura CCV. Para tal investigação, foram selecionadas quatro crianças, com idade entre 5:4 e 7:7, com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, que apresentavam simplificação do OC, possuíam a líquida lateral e nãolateral no seu inventário fonético e aplicavam estratégia de alongamento compensatório (verificada através da análise acústica). Dois sujeitos receberam terapia com enfoque fonético/articulatório e dois receberam terapia fonológica. Os resultados demonstraram que as crianças expostas à terapia fonética/articulatória precisam de menos sessões para a aquisição do OC do que aquelas expostas à terapia fonológica. Além disso, a abordagem fonética se mostrou favorecedora na realização correta da estrutura CCV. Dentre as variáveis relevantes durante o processo terapêutico para aquisição do OC, observou-se que quanto menor o grau do desvio fonológico, maiores as chances de produção correta do OC. As palavras polissilábicas com OC formado por oclusiva velar vozeada e sílaba pré-pré-tônica também favorecem o processo de aquisição. Com os resultados, a hipótese norteadora da pesquisa parece ser confirmada, visto que a terapia fonética/articulatória proporcionou progressos mais rápidos quanto à estabilização do OC quando comparada à terapia fonológica, além de beneficiar a produção correta da estrutura.
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Tran, Thi Thuy Hien. "Processus d’acquisition des clusters et autres séquences de consonnes en langue seconde : de l’analyse acoustico-perceptive des séquences consonantiques du vietnamien à l’analyse de la perception et production des clusters du français par des apprenants vietnamiens du FLE." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL028/document.
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Une des principales difficultés rencontrées par les Vietnamiens apprenants du français langue étrangère, une des plus résistantes aux enseignements de phonétique corrective, est la prononciation des groupes consonantiques intra- ou inter-syllabiques, intra- ou inter-mots du français. Quelles sont alors les véritables raisons de ces difficultés ? C'est à cette question que tente de répondre ce travail d'étude doctorale. La thèse aborde une problématique qui s'inscrit dans le cadre de recherches sur les capacités à percevoir les gestes de l'autre puisque des travaux récents montrent que la capacité à retrouver les caractéristiques du contrôle des gestes des articulateurs passe par la perception du signal qui encode ces gestes. Dans ce cadre théorique liant perception et action et à partir d'une comparaison des séquences consonantiques dans les deux langues en prenant en compte la notion de syllabe, il s'est agi d'identifier et expliquer un ensemble de facteurs acoustico-perceptifs et articulatoires responsables de la difficulté à réaliser les groupes consonantiques du français par des apprenants vietnamiens. La thèse propose un ensemble de résultats tout à fait intéressants qui sont discutés à la lumière des différentes théories et modèles d'acquisition des sons des langues étrangères. Ces résultats pourront trouver application dans le développement d'un outil de technologie éducative pour l'apprentissage du français par des Vietnamiens (et sur une échelle d'application plus large pour l'apprentissage des langues en général) capable de proposer des protocoles en phonétique corrective tels que stratégies de récupération des gestes (entraînements) et évaluation des performances des apprenantsOne of the main difficulties faced by Vietnamese learners of French as a foreign language, and one of the most resistant to repair through corrective phonetics, is the pronunciation of French consonant groups, whether within or across syllables or words. What are the real reasons for these difficulties? This study attempts to answer that question. The thesis addresses an issue raised by investigations on the capacity to perceive the others' gestures. In fact, recent works show that the ability to access the articulators' gestural control characteristics is mediated by the perception of the signal which encodes these gestures. In this theoretical framework linking perception and action, and through comparison of consonant sequences and syllable structures in both languages, this study identifies and explains a number of acoustic-perceptual and articulatory factors responsible for the difficulty of the French consonant groups for Vietnamese learners. The results of the study are discussed in light of different theories and models of sound acquisition of foreign languages. These results could be applied to the development of an educational technology tool for teaching French to the Vietnamese (or more broadly for language learning in general), a tool which could propose corrective phonetics strategies (such as gestural recovery training) and performance assessment of learners
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Lin, Yuh-Huey, and 林玉惠. "Interlanguage Variability: Studies on L2 Consonant Cluster Simplification." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13539062734458221341.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
語言學研究所
90
This thesis consists of three individual experimental studies each of which investigates certain factor(s) that might play some role in constraining L2 learners’ consonant cluster simplification. Study I examines the effect of word-length on Chinese learners’ choice of the two strategies vowel epenthesis and consonant deletion, Study II explores the effect of style or task formality on the learners’ use of the three simplification strategies vowel epenthesis, consonant deletion, and consonant replacement, and Study III is an even more comprehensive study, investigating a wider range of extra-linguistic factors such as gender, proficiency, and interlocutor on the epenthesis/deletion ratio. Results showed that (1) unlike “cluster length”, “word length” did not play a role in determining consonant cluster simplification; rather, the Chinese EFL learners’ choice of simplification strategies revealed the same preference for disyllabicity as demonstrated in previous studies on Chinese EFL word-final obstruents (Study I), (2) the proportion of epenthesis increased with increasing formality of the tasks (Study II), and (3) higher epenthesis/deletion ratio was obtained from more formal styles, female students, students of higher proficiency, and females’ conversation with their NNS peer. The results of the three studies not only contribute to the understanding of interlanguage syllable structures, build the bridge between SLA and sociolinguistic research, but also provide implications for EFL teachers and SLA researchers in their treatment of learners’ errors as well as formulation of hypotheses for future studies.
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Lin, Mei-tseng, and 林美岑. "The shift of the Han Initial Consonant Cluster." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14009697240888877214.
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Power, Luke. "Non-orthographic consonant cluster manipulation by good and poor spellers /." 2005.
Find full text
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Eveson, Marta Kelcey. "Epenthesis in children’s consonant cluster production: a perceptual and acoustical study." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4496.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present study was to examine epenthesis in children's
consonant cluster productions from phonological and phonetic perspectives. The
following questions were investigated: (1) Do consonant clusters produced with an
epenthetic vowel differ in duration from those without? (2) Is the epenthetic vowel in the
consonant cluster consistent in length and quality, or do co-articulatory effects occur?
(3) Is the epenthetic vowel dependent in terms of duration on the phrasal context or the
duration of the syllable nucleus? The subjects, S1 (Charles) and S2 (Blair), were two of
six subjects in a doctoral research study investigating the application of a nonlinear
phonological framework to the assessment and remediation of phonological disorders.
Consonant cluster data were transcribed from the original data. Acoustic measurements
included the duration of consonant clusters with and without epenthesis and the duration
of the epenthetic vowel. Results of the investigation show that consonant clusters with an
epenthetic vowel are significantly longer in duration than those without. No coarticulatory
effects were seen between the epenthetic vowel and the syllable nucleus suggesting that
the epenthetic vowel is part of the consonant cluster unit which is governed by its own
timing system. Prosodically, ^syllabification of the word occurs as a result of epenthesis
in the consonant cluster. The implication of these results appears to be that the consonant
cluster containing the epenthetic vowel needs to be considered as a separate timing unit
and representationally attributed unitary status.
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Chang, Ting-Ying, and 張庭穎. "The Initial Consonant Cluster Reflected by Polyphony from “Guang Yun” And “Jing Dian Shih Wen”." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59052456076434415817.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
中國文學所
96
This study attempts to explore the initial consonant cluster of Archaic Chinese from “Guang Yun (廣韻)” and “Jing Dian Shih Wen (經典釋文)” on the basis of the existence affirmed by modern researches about Archaic Chinese. The “polyphony” means one word has more than one pronunciation. The initial consonant cluster evolved into sole initial consonant from Archaic Chinese to Ancient Chinese. Furthermore, we deduced that the initial consonant cluster disappeared in Han Dynasty since the explicit evidences are fewer and fewer after Han Dynasty. The initial consonant cluster does not exist in modern language and dialect nowadays. The investigative materials of initial consonant cluster are sound gloss, “du ruo (讀若)”, “chong wen (重文)”, alternative script, rhyming binomes, phonetic radical, and paronym of Sino-Tibetan diaphone. “Polyphony” is adopted as the main material in this thesis; meanwhile, phonetic radical and paronym of Sino-Tibetan diaphone are treated as additional information. This study stresses on how to infer the evolving rules and the structures of initial consonant cluster from Ancient Chinese. We tried to find the evidence diachronically and synchronically. Diachronically, we looked up the polyphonic words in “Guang Yun” and “Jing Dian Shih Wen”, and some information from Ancient Miao-Yao Language is taken to be verification as well. Synchronically, we also looked for similar sounding words in English, and discovered other evidences from some modern languages of Sino-Tibetan minorities.
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Luo, Shan. "Gestural overlap across word boundaries: evidence from English and Mandarins speakers." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7050.
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This research examines how competing factors determine the articulation of English stop-stop sequences across word boundaries in both native (L1) and nonnative (L2) speech. The two general questions that drive this research are 1) how is consonantal coordination implemented across English words? And 2) is this implementation different in L1 versus L2 speech?
A group of 15 native English (NE) speakers and a group of 25 native Mandarin speakers (NM) who use English as a foreign language (ESL) participated in this study. The stimuli employed in this research were designed along four major parameters: 1) place of articulation, 2) lexical frequency, 3) stress, and 4) speech rate. The release percentages and closure duration ratios produced by English and Mandarin speakers were measured.
The results showed that place of articulation had different effects on English and Mandarin speakers in their English stop-stop coarticulation, especially in heterorganic clusters. Specifically, a place order effect (i.e., more releases and more overlap in front-back clusters than in back-front clusters; POE) was only partially supported in native speech but not shown at all in nonnative speech in the current research. The results also confirmed a gradient lexical frequency effect, finding a significant correlation between self-rated frequency and overlap. A group difference was observed in the interaction between the effects of place of articulation and categorical frequency (real words vs. nonwords). In addition, the results showed, unexpectedly, a stronger stress effect for the NM group rather than for the NE group. Further analyses showed that increased speech rate did not systematically induce increased temporal overlap, because speakers from both groups varied in their behavior, having either more or less overlap at the fast speech rate than at the slow rate. Lastly, the analyses found no correlation between closure duration ratio and perceived accent in L2 speech. This finding was not predicted, given that timing features had always been considered critical to foreign accent perception.Graduate
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Pugachova, Kateryna. "Výslovnost konsonantických skupin v českých projevech španělských mluvčích." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352463.
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The topic of this thesis belongs to the area of L2 acquisition. It focuses on the Czech as a second/foreign language for native Spanish speakers, specifically on their pronunciation of selected consonantal clusters in comparison with the Czech orthoepic norm. The theoretical part summarizes the problems learning the pronunciation of second/foreign language and describes phonetic systems, syllable structure and specific combinatorial properties of sounds in Czech and Spanish. The practical part describes the research for which thirteen Spanish speakers from different countries and with different length of stay in the Czech Republic were recorded. For the purpose of the research a special text containing the selected consonantal clusters in initial, medial and final position of the word was compiled. Words were examined with a perceptive analysis and the results were processed according to established criteria.
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Chen, Jin. "INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSONANT ENDINGS OF THE CHAOSHAN DIALECT: A RESULT OF LANGUAGE CONTACT AND HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION." 2020. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/903.
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This thesis studies the inter-group variation of the consonant endings among five principal subgroups of the Chaoshan dialect, a branch of the South Min dialect in Eastern Guangdong Province, from the perspective of language contact and horizontal transmission. I conduct a quantitative study to present the synchronic variance of the consonant endings among five Chaoshan subgroups and the diachronic variance from Middle Chinese to modern Chaoshan dialect on a numerical scale.
The current literature tends to take the change of the consonant endings as a process of weakening governed by regular rules. My research findings challenge this conventional view. First, the change of the consonant endings from Middle Chinese to five subgroups of modern Chaoshan dialect is irregular, which is an exception to the linguistic laws proposed in the existing literature. Secondly, I find that some characters without consonant endings or with a weakened ending in Chaozhou in the 19th century reverse to have a consonant ending in modern Chaoshan dialect. This reversal contradicts to the weakening hypothesis that regards the change of the consonant endings as a process of simplifying. Finally, my quantitative research shows that Chaozhou dialect in the 19th century in much closer to modern Xiamen dialect than to five subgroups of modern Chaoshan dialect in terms of the relativeness in consonant endings, which is the opposite to the prediction that languages become more and more different and have no consequent contact with other daughter languages after separating from the proto-language.
We propose that the actual situation of the consonant endings in different subgroups of the Chaoshan dialect can be better explained from the perspective of language contact and horizontal transmission. The interaction between Han Chinese and non-Han Chinese is the primary reason for the change of the consonant endings of the Chaoshan dialect. Also, the language contact between Chaoshan aborigines and migrants from the Fujian Province leads to the divergence of the consonant endings in different Chaoshan subgroups.Population structure and other social factors determine what phonetic features survive after several times of horizontal transmission.
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Callahan-Price, Erin Elizabeth. "Emerging Hispanic English in the Southeast U.S.: Grammatical Variation in a Triethnic Community." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7236.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
This study investigates variable past tense marking patterns in an emerging variety of N.C. Hispanic English (n=44) spoken by language learners at three Length of Residency (LOR) groups in three schools in Durham, NC in terms of 1. lexical semantics (Andersen & Shirai 1996, Bayley 1999), 2. frequency (Guy & Erker 2012) 3. discourse structure (Bardovi-Harlig 1998) and 4. verb class and phonological environment (Wolfram 1985, Bayley 1994). Statistical results show significant effects of verb class, lexical aspect, and frequency and interacting effects of verb class and frequency (specifically, suppletives like copula are simultaneously highly frequent and highly phonetically salient). A subsample coded for the discourse factor shows some evidence for the correlation of copula and backgrounding function. A separate analysis of consonant cluster reduction patterns (CCR) demonstrates dialect acquisition of variable constraints (e.g. in terms of N.C. AAVE), namely phonological environment (_C > _V) and morphemic status (monomorpheme > bimorpheme). Pedagogical applications are discussed, including accurately identifying English Language Learners (ELLs) in the context of local/regional accommodation.
Dissertation
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Chambless, Della. "Asymmetries in the acquisition of consonant clusters." 2006. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3242377.
Full textAbstract:
The research carried out in this dissertation is based upon the well-documented connection between crosslinguistic phonology and phonological acquisition. It takes as a starting point several syllable-based (universal) constraints and formulates predictions regarding intermediate stages of consonant cluster acquisition. These stages are characterized by asymmetries of both segmental and contextual natures. Not only do such constraints allow us to predict developmental orders (e.g. a cluster of a certain type or in a certain position is predicted to emerge prior to another), but they should also have an effect on which repairs are chosen (i.e. which consonant is retained and which is deleted). The experimental design utilized here includes manipulations of word position, cluster type, stress, and vowel quality. Results provide evidence for sonority constraints, constraints regarding the interaction between stress and syllable weight, and positional faithfulness constraints in intermediate stages of consonant cluster acquisition.
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Hefter, Helen. "The Acquisition of /s/ + Consonant Onset Clusters: A Longitudinal Study." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/973822/1/Hefter_MA_S2012.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to establish a developmental path for the acquisition of word-initial homorganic /s/ + consonant clusters (#sC), namely /st-/, /sn-/, and /sl-/ and, consequently, to determine which two hypotheses (one based on input frequency and one on sonority markedness) would better account for the path of #sC acquisition observed in the speech of one English speaking child between the ages of 2;3 and 3;10. The developmental path of #sC clusters was charted longitudinally using a triangulation of methodologies: (1) controlled (audio recorded) elicitations of pseudo-words (via finger-puppet interactions and role-playing involving fictitious characters whose names start with #sC; e.g., Sleed, Snib, Steeg), (2) recordings of child-directed speech (representing the input to which the child is exposed), and (3) a language observation journal. The results from the input corpus showed that, despite the significantly high rate of the SSP-violating #sC cluster (i.e., /st-/) in the speech surrounding the child, input frequency did not provide a satisfactory explanation for the sequence of acquisition, contrary to what a frequency-based account predicts (e.g., Bybee, 2001). Rather, the evidence provided by both the puppet elicitation task and the observation journal suggests a correlation between the order of #sC acquisition and the predictions made by the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP: Clements, 1991). Implications for the advancement of research on the acquisition of syllable structure are also discussed.
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"The acquisition of English consonant clusters by Hong Kong learners." Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073953.
Full textAbstract:
All in all, the thesis tries to fill the research gap in the study of English pronunciation in a Hong Kong context. It exhausts the pronunciation of all types of English consonant clusters by native Cantonese learners of English, provides experimental studies to investigate the most effective approach to the acquisition of English consonant clusters, and applies Optimality Theory to elucidate the pronunciation phenomena found among Cantonese learners of English.Apart from the inquiry into language pedagogy, this thesis also analyses and expounds the language phenomena of consonant cluster production through the application of Optimality Theory. From the data of the pre-test and post-tests, the pronunciation modification phenomena of subjects were summarised and analysed. It is found that subjects produced pronunciation forms that resembled that of native English speakers, but at the same time they produced forms that deviated from that of native English speakers. The most frequent pronunciation modifications are substitution and deletion.
Optimality Theory argues that phonological differences between languages are the results of the differences in the ranking of universal constraints; therefore, the preference towards certain modification phenomena and the production of certain pronunciation forms by Cantonese speakers can be viewed as the differences in the ranking of constraints between English and Cantonese. In the interlanguage phonology of Cantonese speakers, words like pray /pre I/ and find /faInd/ could become [pe I] and [faIn] phonetically. This can be explained by assuming that the English words are input to a phonology in which *COMPLEX (complex onset or coda is not permissible) is highly ranked, and that in order to observe this constraint, Cantonese learners of English might apply deletion to delete a consonant in syllables with consonant clusters.
Yam Pui Suen, Josephine.
"June 2005."
Advisers: G. Gong; J. Hung.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0170.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-214).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
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Mugford, Susan C. "The production and manipulation of /s/ + consonant clusters by phonological dyslexics /." 2002.
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Boudaoud, Malek. "The variable development of /s/ + consonant onset clusters in Farsi-English interlanguage." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976394/1/MR63169.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the variable production of English /s/ + consonant onset clusters in the speech of 30 adult native Farsi speakers learning English as a second language (L2). In particular, the study examines the development of the homorganic /st/, /sn/ and /sl/ sequences (sC clusters), which are realized variably either via e-epenthesis (e.g., [e[barbelow]st]op) or via its target L2 pronunciation (e.g., [st]op) The sentence reading task as well as the picture-based interview utilized in this investigation followed standard sociolinguistic procedures for data collection and analyses, and included a set of linguistic (e.g., preceding phonological environment, sonority profile of the cluster) and extra-linguistic factors (e.g., level of formality, proficiency in English) whose effects were measured statistically via GoldVarb X. The results reveal that: (1) the proportion of [e]-epenthesis is higher after a word-final consonant or pause than after a vowel (in which case the sC cluster is resyllabified as two separate syllables, i.e. [V s.C V]); (2) over time (hence with increased L2 proficiency) and in formal situations, the amount of epenthesis decreases, conforming with Major's (2001) Ontogeny Phylogeny Model; and (3) as observed in several studies of L1 acquisition, markedness on continuancy - rather than markedness on sonority - is better able to capture the variable patterns of e-epenthesis in the Farsi-English interlanguage data (i.e., the more marked structures /st/ and /sn/, in which the continuancy feature varies (from [+continuant] /s/ to [-continuant] /t/ and /n/ ) are more likely to trigger the phenomenon of [e]-epenthesis than the less marked nonnative cluster /sl/, in which continuancy is maintained constant (from [+continuant] /s/ to [+continuant] /l/). Based on these results, I analyze the data within a stochastic version of Optimality Theory, and discuss their implications and pedagogical applications for the teaching of pronunciation.
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Hong, Jia-Qing, and 洪佳慶. "Perceptual and Production Studies on English Consonant Clusters by Taiwan Mandarin Speakers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84309371861540041122.
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碩士國立清華大學
語言學研究所
96
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of the native phonological system on the production and perception of non-native speech. In order to address this issue, three experiments were conducted to examine how Taiwan Mandarin (TM) speakers produce and perceive English word-initial consonant clusters. The first experiment is an acoustic study of the production by TM speakers of English consonant clusters. Results show that the majority of the production corpus has been correctly produced. However, errors have been found: TM speakers employ multiple strategies and the most frequent strategies are vowel epenthesis between two consonants (CCVCCV) and liquid replacement (/bl//br/). Moreover, speakers are more accurate on some clusters than others. One interesting finding is that the liquid duration ratio of TM speakers is larger than that of the native speaker and the F3 value of replacement (/l//r/) is similar to that of /r/ (i.e. the characteristic feature of /r/ is low F3). The larger ratio of liquids implies that the TM speakers needed more time to coarticulate the articulatory gestures between segments. The lower F3 value may be due to the coarticulation of the previous stop consonants (coarticulation effects, i.e. labialization in /b/- and /p/-clusters and velarization in /g/- and /k/-clusters). The second and third experiments explore the perception of TM speakers on English CCV clusters and their counterpart disyllabic C«CV stimuli. Results of perception experiments demonstrate that participants could perceptually distinguish CCV and C«CV stimuli. Occasionally, participants hear illusory vowels and misperceive /l/ for /r/. The results are not consistent with the prediction that native phonotactics plays an important role in non-native perception. Thus, it is suggested that, in addition to phonotactics, perceptual cues play substantial roles in the perception of non-native syllable structures. Results of the present study support the notion that there exists a close relationship between production and perception despite the individual variations. Speakers with more production errors tend to misperceive the stimuli more frequently and they tend to employ the same strategies in both production and perception. Moreover, the fact that participants can produce and perceive English consonant clusters indicates that native phonotactics does not play a very important role in the non-native speech. The results of these studies not only contribute to the understanding of the interactions of native and non-native languages on the levels of phonemes and phonotactics, explore the relationship between speech production and perception, but also provide implications for the data analyses and formulation of hypotheses for future studies.
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Bombien, Lasse [Verfasser]. "Segmental and prosodic aspects in the production of consonant clusters : on the goodness of clusters / vorgelegt von Lasse Bombien." 2011. http://d-nb.info/101134579X/34.
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Fan, Yanan. "Articulatory timing of English consonant clusters in the coda positions: a study of Chinese-English interlanguage." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3785.
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The present study adopted Articulatory Phonology as a theoretical framework to investigate the aticulatory timing of English consonant clusters. Both native and non-native (Mandarin ESL learners) speakers’ performances were of interest. An acoustic approach was taken to explore the consonantal overlap in both native and non-native English speakers’ production. Also investigated in the present study were the factors that influence the overlap between consonants.
Thirty-one native Mandarin speakers and eight native Canadian English speakers participated in the study. The thirty-one native Mandarin speakers were divided into three proficiency groups according to a pretest which evaluated Mandarin speakers’ English speaking proficiency. The experiment of the study was a reading task. Participants were instructed to put the words ending with the target consonant clusters in four carrier sentences and read them aloud. In total, 256 tokens (20 clusters×2 vowel environments×4 carrier sentences+12 consonants×2 vowel environments×4 carrier sentences) were recorded for each participant. The duration of each segment in the word was measured in the phonetic software, Praat. Three timing ratios: consonant to cluster, cluster to a pair of individual consonants, and cluster to rime were calculated.
Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant effect for place of articulation and manner of articulation on the articulatory timing of English consonant clusters in the coda position. Meanwhile, voicing feature, as an unexpected factor, was also reported to be an influential factor. More detailed analysis revealed that heterorganic clusters have more overlap than homorganic clusters. Within heterorganic clusters, a tongue tip consonant is more overlapped by a following tongue body consonant than a tongue body consonant is by a following tongue tip consonant. For manner of articulation, stops are found to be more overlapped by a following stop than by a following fricative. Overlapping caused by voicing feature was an unexpected outcome found in the present study. Voiceless consonant clusters have more overlap than voiced clusters.
The difference between native and non-native speakers is also of interest. With respect to the amount of overlap, native speakers have more overlap than non-native speakers. Moreover, statistic tests reported a significant effect for proficiency group. From the comparison of mean values of three ratios, the performance of advanced group was close to native speakers. And intermediate and low groups exhibited similar performance.Graduate
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Ramírez, Vera Carlos Julio. "Production and Perception of the Epenthetic Vowel in Obstruent + Liquid Clusters in Spanish: an Analysis of the Prosodic and Phonetic Cues Used by L1 and L2 Speakers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32869.
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This study hypothesizes that the Epenthetic Vowel (EV) that occurs in Spanish consonant clusters, although produced unconsciously, is part of the articulatory plan of the speaker. As part of the plan, the epenthetic vowel occurs more often in the least perceptually recoverable contexts in order to enhance them. To achieve a better understanding of the role of the epenthetic vowel, this study shows that the linguistic and phonotactic contexts condition the occurrence of these vowels. Specifically, it argues that linguistic and phonotactic contexts that are perceptually weak compel a significantly higher occurrence of EVs.
The EV was analyzed from both production and perceptual standpoints. The results show that from the production standpoint, the occurrence of the EV is affected by the type of liquid that forms the clusters: in clusters with /r/ the variables that made a statistical contribution were post-tonic position (odds ratio, 4.46), and voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 1.42). In the case of clusters with /l/ an EV has a higher probability of occurring in the context of bilabial consonants (odds ratio, 4.19), and voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 1.3). As for the effects of speech rate on the duration of EVs, the results show that speech rate accounts for 14% of the variation in an EV’s length.
From the standpoint of perception, listening was divided into the tasks of perceptual identification and perceptual discrimination. The results show that the strongest predictor is the interaction voiceless x post-tonic position (odds ratio, 4.8). For the identification of the Cr clusters, the strongest predictor is the context of voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 4.42). Regarding identification of the Cl clusters, the strongest predictors are the tonic position (odds ratio, 1.54) and the labial place of articulation (odds ratio, 1.39). With regard to the discrimination of the Cr clusters, the strongest predictors for perceptual recoverability are the interaction voiceless x post-tonic position (odds ratio, 2.22), and the labial place of articulation (odds ratio, 1.37), while for the Cl cluster, the strongest predictors are the tonic position (odds ratio, 5.83) and voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 3).
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Wang, Pin-ju, and 王品儒. "The Role of L2 Morphological Awareness in Spelling Final Consonant Clusters in Taiwanese EFL Children: A Developmental Perspective." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86391037290618753231.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
兒童英語教育學系碩士班
101
The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of morphology in Taiwanese EFL 6 graders’ spelling of final consonant cluster in words of different morphological structures. We are also interested in investigating the relationship between the spelling of final consonant cluster and morphological awareness, as well as between final consonant cluster spelling and the four components of morphological awareness in the higher and the lower proficient group. The participants were selected from 120 sixth graders in elementary school in Taipei city. Based on English proficiency test, 64 subjects, according to Madsen’s criteria (1983), were divided into the higher and the lower proficient group, and participated in the following tests: (1) English word spelling test (EWST), which contained various word structures (one-morpheme word, two-morpheme word, and stem) and (2) English morphological awareness test (EMAT), which contained Defining Pseudo-word (DPW), test of morphological structure- Decomposition, test of morphological structure-Derivation, and Sentence Analogy Test (SAT). The results of the present study indicated that: (1) EFL children’s spelling of the final consonant cluster was affected by proficiency and words tructures. The higher proficient group could effectively use morphological knowledge to aid spelling, while the lower proficient group could use only minimal morphological awareness ; (2) children’s overall spelling of the final consonant cluster was significantly correlated with their English morphological awareness. The better their morphological awareness is, the better their performance of spelling is; (3) as for the four components of morphological awareness, Defining Pseudo-word (DPW) and TMS-Decomposition, which involved receptive skill, was more correlated with the spelling in the lower proficient group, while TMS-Derivation and Sentence Analogy test (SAT), which involved productive skill, were more correlated with the spelling in the higher proficient group. Key words: L2 children’s spelling, morphological awareness, word structures, final consonant cluster
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Kropíková, Alena. "Strukturní a temporální vlastnosti konsonantických intervalů u předškolních dětí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329600.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the realizations of consonant clusters in an age- homogenous group of Czech-speaking children. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the syllable and consonant clusters as language universals, as well as with the syllable structure and consonant clusters in Czech. Furthermore, some theories of speech acquisition which take combinations of segments and forming of syllable structure in children's speech into account are also presented. A number of studies in consonant cluster acquisition is also summarized. The practical part of this work consists of an experiment in which consonant clusters in 16 typically developing Czech children aged 3;8-4;9 ( x = 4,4) were analysed. Eleven various two-element consonant clusters were selected according to their frequency of occurrence in the corpus of written Czech. Clusters were placed in 30 real words and 30 pseudowords - the pseudowords had the same structure as real words. Imitation was used as a elicitation method. Pictures were used only as complementary elements. The entire sample consisted of 461 consonant clusters realized in real words and 464 clusters realized in pseudowords. We described the structure of the target consonant clusters (i.e. manner and quality/accuracy of realizations) and their...
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Κουφού, Κωνσταντίνα Ειρήνη. "Η αντιληπτικότητα διμελών συμφωνικών συμπλεγμάτων από φυσικούς και αλλόγλωσσους ομιλητές της ελληνικής." Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/1527.
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Η παρούσα εργασία διερευνά την αντιληπτικότητα δύο κατηγοριών διμελών συμφωνικών συμπλεγμάτων του τύπου [φρακτικό + φρακτικό] και [φρακτικό + υγρό] σε αρχικές και ενδιάμεσες, τονισμένες ή άτονες συλλαβές λέξεων της ελληνικής από 26 πληροφορητές, φυσικούς και αλλόγλωσσους (με μητρική γλώσσα την αλβανική και βουλγαρική) ομιλητές της ΚΝΕ. Η εκτεταμένη ποικιλία που χαρακτηρίζει τα εμπειρικά δεδομένα συντελεί στην υιοθέτηση της Θεωρίας του Βέλτιστου σε συνδυασμό με το μοντέλο των Πολλαπλών Παράλληλων Γραμματικών. Μετά την ολοκλήρωση της πειραματικής διαδικασίας κατέστη εμφανές ότι το σύστημα της εκάστοτε μητρικής γλώσσας των αλλόγλωσσων ασκεί επιρροή στην επίτευξη του υψηλότερου δυνατού επιπέδου γλωσσομάθειας της ΚΝΕ είτε ως μητρικής - στην περίπτωση των δίγλωσσων ομιλητών - είτε ως δεύτερης / ξένης γλώσσας.This paper examines the perception of two-member [obstruent + obstruent] and [obstruent + liquid] consonant clusters in word-initial and word-medial, stressed or non stressed syllables in Modern Greek words by 26 informants, native speakers and Albanian and Bulgarian [as L1] speakers of Greek. Due to the extensive variation of the experimental data we use the frame work of Optimality Theory in combination with the model of Multiple Parallel Grammars. At the end of the experimental process it became obvious that the phonological system of L1 influences the acquisition or learning at the highest possible level (that of an adult native speaker) of Greek either as L1 – in the case of bilingual speakers - either as L2, second / foreign language learning.