Journal articles: 'Consonant cluster'

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Habib, Muhammad Asad, and Arshad Ali Khan. "Vowel Epenthesis in Loanword Integration: A Study of English Consonant Cluster at Onset." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n4p332.

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This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the English consonant cluster at onset position of the syllable. English and Punjabi are two different phonological system where English allows consonant cluster and complex consonants at onset while Punjabi only allows complex consonants. Hence for the integration of syllables with consonant cluster, Punjabi speakers have to insert a vowel to make the consonant configuration according to Punjabi phonotactics. The data for this study are collected from recordings of focus group discussions, interviews and video clips. The data are analyzed by using CV phonology and Distinct Feature theory. The results suggest that Punjabi speakers insert vowels to modify the English consonant clusters according to Punjabi phonological environment. Thus, they add another vowel node and resyllabify the consonant clusters. The mid central /ə/ vowel is the default epenthetic vowel while in some cases /e/ is also used before the consonant clusters.

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Másdóttir, Thora, Sharynne McLeod, and Kathryn Crowe. "Icelandic Children's Acquisition of Consonants and Consonant Clusters." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 1490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00463.

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Purpose This study investigated Icelandic-speaking children's acquisition of singleton consonants and consonant clusters. Method Participants were 437 typically developing children aged 2;6–7;11 (years;months) acquiring Icelandic as their first language. Single-word speech samples of the 47 single consonants and 45 consonant clusters were collected using Málhljóðapróf ÞM (ÞM's Test of Speech Sound Disorders). Results Percentage of consonants correct for children aged 2;6–2;11 was 73.12 ( SD = 13.33) and increased to 98.55 ( SD = 3.24) for children aged 7;0–7;11. Overall, singleton consonants were more likely to be accurate than consonant clusters. The earliest consonants to be acquired were /m, n, p, t, j, h/ in word-initial position and /f, l/ within words. The last consonants to be acquired were /x, r, r̥, s, θ, n̥/, and consonant clusters in word-initial /sv-, stl-, str-, skr-, θr-/, within-word /-ðr-, -tl-/, and word-final /-kl̥, -xt/ contexts. Within-word phonemes were more often accurate than those in word-initial position, with word-final position the least accurate. Accuracy of production was significantly related to increasing age, but not sex. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study of consonants and consonant cluster acquisition by typically developing Icelandic-speaking children. The findings align with trends for other Germanic languages; however, there are notable language-specific differences of clinical importance.

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Phoon, Hooi San, Margaret Maclagan, and Anna Christina Abdullah. "Acquisition of Consonant Clusters and Acceptable Variants in Chinese-Influenced Malaysian English-Speaking Children." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0037.

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Purpose This study investigated consonant cluster acquisition in Chinese-influenced Malaysian English (ChME)-speaking children. Method This cross-sectional study involved 262 typically developing ChME-speaking children (138 girls, 124 boys) ages 3 to 7 years old. A single-word picture-naming task, which contained 66 words and targeted 32 syllable-initial (SI) and 14 syllable-final (SF) consonant clusters, was administered. Results Older children produced more correct productions than younger children, and there was no sex effect for consonant cluster production. SF consonant clusters were more accurate than SI consonant clusters among the younger children. The overall sequence of SI consonant cluster accuracy based on cluster categories from most to least accurate was /s/ + C, C + /w/, C + /j/, C + /l/, and C + /r/, whereas for SF consonant clusters, the order was C + stop, C + /s/, nasal + C, and /l/ + C. Two-element clusters consistently had higher accuracy in comparison to three-element clusters across the age groups. The overall consonant cluster accuracy of the present study showed similar patterns to those found in previous studies of Standard English. Conclusion The findings of the study will be useful in the assessment of consonant cluster production of ChME-speaking children.

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Jubran AL-Mamri, Muhammed. "Patterns of Consonant Clusters in Word Initial, Medial, and Final Positions in Yemeni Arabic." JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching) 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v7i1.2821.

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Yemeni Arabic (YA) has a significant number of consonant clusters in word initial, medial, and final positions. However, their frequency of usage is not uniform. This study aims to investigate the patterns of consonant clusters in word initial, medial, and final positions in YA and also to find out the most and least frequent clusters in terms of their percentage. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in data analysis in this study. All the words were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). There are features of consonant clusters in Yemeni Arabic which differ from Modern Standard Arabic and some other Arabic dialects. In Yemeni Arabic, there are 29 consonants and 10 vowels, 5 long and 5 short vowels. The maximum number of onset cluster is three (e.g. /∫tsu:q/ “she will drive” while coda cluster is two (e.g. /satˤħ/ “roof”). Furthermore, the maximum number of medial clusters are also two (e.g. /muχ.lsˤu/ “sincere”. The analysis undertaken will throw light on the frequency and percentages of the occurrences of the consonant clusters on the basis of a word list, which is justified with the help of statistical support.

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Staroverov, Peter, and Darya Kavitskaya. "Tundra Nenets consonant sandhi as coalescence." Linguistic Review 34, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 331–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2017-0006.

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Abstract Consonant cluster simplification in Tundra Nenets coexists with other consonantal alternations, such as fricative strengthening, lenition of stops, and a variety of NC-effects, which all apply within the same phrasal domain. These processes interact with each other, suggesting an opaque ordering within the same post-lexical domain and thus presenting a challenge not only for inherently parallel theories like classical Optimality Theory, but also for the cyclic derivational approaches such as Stratal OT. We analyze all instances of Tundra Nenets cluster simplification as coalescence and show that a variety of apparently opaque alternations accompanying cluster simplification can be seen as transparent on this account. We also argue that strengthening in consonant clusters is caused by an intermediate stage where coda obstruents lose their place and turn into a glottal stop.

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Riekhakaynen, Elena I. "Realization of intervocalic consonant clusters in frequency words of the Russian language." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, no. 4 (2020): 672–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.411.

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The article describes the realization of frequent words with the intervocalic consonant clusters [gd] and [ljk] in the oral speech of three groups of informants: adult native speakers of the Russian language, children aged four to six years and Chinese students learning Russian as a second language (929 realizations of 11 words). The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that the most frequent form of reduction of the analyzed combinations of consonants in Russian speech is the loss of the first consonant. However, the variants with the reduction of the consonant and without it are equally probable in the speech of native Russian speakers for the majority of the analyzed words. In adult native speakers of Russian, there is a tendency to maintain a consonant cluster when the word is at the absolute beginning of the inter-pause interval. Children aged four to six years tend to use only one variant of the consonant clusters in each of the considered words. The main distinctive feature of Russian speech for Chinese students is the large number of sound changes in both intervocalic consonant combinations, as well as the statistically significant prevalence of the full pronunciation over the variant with the loss of the first consonant in the intervocalic cluster for all words with the [ljk] combination. The results can be used to improve existing automatic speech recognition systems, as well as in teaching Russian as a second language.

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S.Gowrie, S. Gowrie, Dr AR Saravanakumar Dr.AR.Saravanakumar, and Dr S. Subbiah Dr.S.Subbiah. "Consonant Cluster Cards- A Tool to Enhance Pronunciation." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2012/21.

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Jongstra, Wenckje. "Variable and Stable Clusters: Variation in the Realisation of Consonant Clusters." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 48, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100000670.

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AbstractThis article reports on between-individual and within-individual variation in consonant cluster reduction strategies (where C1C2 is realised as C( or C2) among young children. The empirical base of the study is a Dutch database with over 9,000 instances of C1 and C2 realisations of 23 word-initial consonant clusters from 45 children aged between two and three years old. The study finds that within-child variation is very limited, whereas between-child variation occurs. It is also shown that there are typological implications; that is, realising C2 in cluster y, implies realising C2 in cluster y, but not vice versa. The data provide support for the position that variation can be accounted for by a finer grained notion of sonority where the sonority distance between the two consonants in a cluster plays a crucial role in establishing prosodic constituency.

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Michaud, Alexis, Guillaume Jacques, and Robert L. Rankin. "Historical transfer of nasality between consonantal onset and vowel." Diachronica 29, no. 2 (June 8, 2012): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.2.04mic.

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Comparative data from several language families show that nasality can be transferred between a syllable-initial consonant cluster and the following vowel. The cases reported to date are summarized, and a new analysis is proposed for a set of Sino-Tibetan data. The evolution appears to go in both directions: from the consonantal onset to the following vowel in Tai-Kadai, Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Niger-Congo (Kwa) and Indo-European (Celtic), and from the vowel to the preceding consonant in Siouan. However, an examination of the conditions on these changes brings out an asymmetry. In most cases, transfers of nasality take place from a consonantal onset to a following vowel; the instances we found of a regular change in the opposite direction all come from languages where there is one of the following restrictions on nasal sounds: (i) nasal consonants are nonphonemic (contextually predictable), or (ii) the opposition between nasal and oral vowels is neutralized after nasal consonants (in favor of nasal vowels).

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McLeod, Sharynne, Jan van Doorn, and Vicki A. Reed. "Normal Acquisition of Consonant Clusters." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10, no. 2 (May 2001): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2001/011).

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Children’s acquisition of adult-like speech production has fascinated speech-language pathologists for over a century, and data gained from associated research have informed every aspect of speech-language pathology practice. The acquisition of the consonant cluster has received little attention during this time, even though the consonant cluster is a common feature of speech, its acquisition is one of the most protracted of all aspects of children’s speech development, and the production of consonant clusters is one of the most common difficulties for children with speech impairment. This paper reviews the literature from the past 70 years to describe children’s normal acquisition of consonant clusters. Articulatory, phonological, linguistic, and acoustic approaches to the development of consonant clusters are reviewed. Data from English are supplemented with examples from other languages. Consideration of the information on consonant cluster development revealed 10 aspects of normal development that can be used in speech-language pathologists’ assessment and analysis of children’s speech.

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Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Michaud. "Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages." Diachronica 28, no. 4 (December 14, 2011): 468–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.4.02jac.

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Naxi, Na and Laze are three languages whose position within Sino-Tibetan is controversial. We propose that they are descended from a common ancestor (‘Proto-Naish’). Unlike conservative languages of the family, such as Rgyalrong and Tibetan, which have consonant clusters and final consonants, Naxi, Na and Laze share a simple syllabic structure (consonant+glide+vowel+tone) due to phonological erosion. This raises the issue of how the regular phonological correspondences between these three languages should be interpreted, and what phonological structure should be reconstructed for Proto-Naish. The regularities revealed by comparing the three languages are interpreted in light of potential cognates in conservative languages. This brings out numerous cases of phonetic conditioning of vowels by place of articulation of a preceding consonant or consonant cluster. Overall, these findings warrant a relatively optimistic conclusion concerning the feasibility of unraveling the phonological history of highly eroded language subgroups within Sino-Tibetan.

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McLeod, Sharynne, Jan van Doorn, and Vicki A. Reed. "Consonant Cluster Development in Two-Year-Olds." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 5 (October 2001): 1144–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/090).

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A holistic view of phonological development can be attained only through exploration of the relationship between universal developmental sequences, to establish a general pattern of development and individual learning and to provide information regarding variability. This study examined consonant cluster production, looking specifically at the relationship between general trends and individual differences as children acquire these sounds. The spontaneous speech of 16 normally developing Anglo-Australian 2-year-olds was elicited monthly for 6 months, and the corpus of 96 samples was examined using independent and relational phonological analyses. Data demonstrated that 2-year-olds were able to produce a range of consonant clusters in word-initial and word-final position, but few of the younger participants could produce consonant clusters correctly. Only half of the participants showed an increase in the percent of consonant clusters produced correctly over the 6-month period; however, their developing phonological maturity was revealed in the increase in the range and diversity of their repertoire of consonant clusters and by their closer approximations to the adult target. Specific findings of the study were compared to 10 trends for children's acquisition of consonant clusters emerging from the literature over the last 70 years.

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Nikiema, Emmanuel. "De la nécessité des positions vides dans les représentations syllabiques du gen." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 40, no. 3 (September 1995): 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100016005.

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AbstractThe introduction of empty nuclear positions in syllable structure goes back to the early 80s. Since then, empty nuclei have been proposed in phonological analyses to account for vocalic epenthesis (vowel/Ø alternation). The analysis of Gen put forth in this article argues for empty nuclei although no vowel/Ø alternation can be observed in the language. Nevertheless, on the basis of the tonal patterns of Gen, it is shown that empty positions must be part of the underlying representation of syllables in the language. Another aspect of the study deals with consonant clusters. Thus far, all analyses supporting empty positions within a cluster have also referred to the absence of cooccurrence restrictions among the consonants surrounding the empty vowel. This paper provides new insights since, in Gen, the consonant clusters in which empty nuclei are proposed are typical of those observed in branching onset languages (like French, Italian and English) or in languages having light diphthongs. We argue that all attested consonant clusters in Gen are heterosyllabic.

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Ghazi Mohammed, Faisal. "CONSONANT CLUSTER IN KURDISH LANGUAGE." Route Educational and Social Science Journal 8, no. 62 (January 1, 2021): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.2987.

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Sittiprapaporn, W., C. Chindaduangratn, and N. Kotchabhakdi. "P30.32 Preattentive auditory discrimination of consonant-vowel syllables with cluster and non-cluster initial consonants." Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (September 2006): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.522.

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Ceron, Marizete Ilha, Marileda Barichello Gubiani, Camila Rosa de Oliveira, and Márcia Keske-Soares. "Factors Influencing Consonant Acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese–Speaking Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-15-0208.

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Purpose We sought to provide valid and reliable data on the acquisition of consonant sounds in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Method The sample comprised 733 typically developing monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months]). The presence of surface speech error patterns, the revised percentage consonants correct, and the age of sound acquisition were evaluated using phonological assessment software. The normative values for these variables were reported using means and standard deviations. Results Age had a significant impact on phoneme production. Increasing age was generally associated with an increase in correct phoneme production, a reduction in error patterns, and an increase in scores on revised percentage consonants correct. Phonological error patterns persisted for a longer time in consonants and consonant clusters acquired later in development. The 2 youngest age groups differed from the remainder of the sample on the frequency of the following phonological patterns: cluster reduction, liquid gliding, fricative deletion–coda, and weak-syllable deletion. Performance was similar between groups starting at 5;0 years old. Conclusion This study confirmed that nasal and stop consonants are acquired first, followed by fricatives and, finally, liquids. We suggest that future studies replicate our investigation in larger samples and younger age groups.

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Nikièma, Emmanuel. "Government-Licensing and Consonant Cluster Simplification in Quebec French." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 44, no. 4 (December 1999): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100017461.

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AbstractThis article is a reanalysis of cluster simplification in Quebec French (QF) in terms of government-licensing, a condition which requires non-nuclear governing heads to be licensed by a following vowel. It is suggested, contra Côté (1997, 1998), that simplification is triggered by a structural constraint rather than a constraint on sonority. It is shown that in QF, simplification does not apply to word internal clusters such asappartementandvendredibecause the following vowel is realized, but applies to forms liketableandcasque, and converts them into [tab] and [kas] respectively at the surface level due to the lack of a final vowel. However, cluster reduction does not apply to final clusters such asbarbe, gorge, andsoldein which the first member is a liquid. To account for why simplification applies in one case and not in the other, it is suggested that the two types of final clusters differ with respect to syllabification: liquids are within branching nuclei, whereas the first member of other clusters is within a branching rhyme. The case of word-final cluster simplification attested in Haitian Creole is also examined.

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Smit, Ann Bosma. "Phonologic Error Distributions in the Iowa-Nebraska Articulation Norms Project." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 5 (October 1993): 931–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3605.931.

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The errors on word-initial consonant clusters made by children in the Iowa-Nebraska Articulation Norms Project (Smit, Hand, Freilinger, Bernthal, & Bird, 1990) were tabulated by age range and frequency. The error data show considerable support for Greenlee’s (1974) stages in the acquisition of clusters: the youngest children show cluster reduction, somewhat older children show cluster preservation but with errors on one or more of the cluster elements, and the oldest children generally show correct production. These stages extended to three-element clusters as well. Typical cluster reduction errors were (a) reduction to the obstruent in obstruent-plus-approximant clusters and (b) reduction to the second element in /s/-clusters. When clusters were preserved, but one member was in error, the error was typically the same as for the singleton consonant. Cluster errors are discussed in terms of theories of phonologic development, including open genetic programs and feature geometry. These data are expected to be useful in evaluation and treatment of disorders of phonology.

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Hess, Stefan, Petroula Mousikou, and Sascha Schroeder. "Double-letter processing in developmental and skilled handwriting production: Evidence from kinematics." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 9 (March 4, 2020): 1396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820908538.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of double-letter processing on handwriting production in beginning and skilled writers of German. One hundred and thirty-seven children from Grades 2 and 3 and 31 adult participants were asked to copy words with double consonants (e.g., “Kanne”) and matched words without double consonants (e.g., “Kante”) from a computer screen onto a pen tablet, while their handwriting was recorded with high spatio-temporal resolution. Handwriting productions were analysed in terms of Reading Duration, Writing Onset Duration, and Letter Duration at the letter positions preceding or forming the onset of the corresponding consonant clusters. Our results showed that second graders take less time to initiate writing words with double consonants than words without double consonants, while both second and third graders take less time to read words with double consonants than words without double consonants. Critically, although second and third graders write down a letter faster when it corresponds to the first letter of a double-letter unit than a consonant cluster, it is the other way around for adults. We interpret these findings within extant theories of handwriting production and offer an explanation for the different nature of the effects observed in beginning and skilled writers.

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Flores, Berta, and Xinia Rodríguez. "The influence of language transfer on consonant cluster production." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 20, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v20i1.20234.

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La simplificación de grupos consonánticos en inicial de palabra, palabra medial y posición final de palabra en Inglés se analiza contrastivamente en una muestra de siete adultos costarricenses.Traslado del español se manifiesta en la elección sistemática de epéntesis simplificar inicial de palabra grupos de consonantes, la sustitución y la delación consonante tratar con grupos de palabras mediales y eliminación, y devoicing modificar racimos final de palabra.

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Bayley, Robert. "Consonant cluster reduction in Tejano English." Language Variation and Change 6, no. 3 (October 1994): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001708.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the well-known process of consonant cluster reduction in the English of residents of a San Antonio, Texas, barrio. The study compares Tejano patterns of /-t, d/ deletion with the pan-English pattern summarized by Labov (1989). Results of VARBRUL analysis show that /-t, d/ deletion in Tejano English is constrained by many of the same factors as in other English dialects, including Los Angeles Chicano English. Results also suggest, however, a complex pattern of convergence and divergence. Younger Tejanos are converging toward other dialects of English with respect to the effect of the morphological class on cluster simplification. Yet there is some evidence that they are diverging from other dialects with respect to the effect of syllable stress. On this latter dimension, younger Tejanos replicate the pattern found by Santa Ana (1991) among Los Angeles Chicanos. Finally, the study compares /-t, d/ deletion in Tejano/Chicano English in San Antonio and Los Angeles and shows that, despite many similarities, Mexican American varieties exhibit regional as well as generational differences.

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Wilson, Colin. "Consonant cluster neutralisation and targeted constraints." Phonology 18, no. 1 (May 2001): 147–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675701004043.

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In this paper, I propose an optimality-theoretic account of the generalisation that deletion processes that apply to intervocalic biconsonantal clusters canonically delete the first consonant (schematically, VC1C2V → VC2V). The approach to contextual neutralisation proposed here has two main components. First, I follow the licensing-by-cue framework (e.g. Steriade 1997) in identifying ‘weak’ elements as those without strong perceptual cues. Second, I argue that the constraints responsible for contextual neutralisation ‘target’ weak elements. This approach captures the deletion generalisation above, because the relevant targeted constraint prefers only the correct output VC2V (from which the weak consonant C1 has been removed), not the incorrect output VC1V. Intuitively, the representation containing a weak element (VC1C2V) is compelled to neutralise to a representation that is perceptually very similar (VC2V). The targeted-constraint approach is formalised by replacing the standard violation-based definition of OT optimisation with a new definition – which is equivalent except when ‘targeted’ constraints are involved – based on harmonic orderings. The approach is shown to extend to certain cases of (i) contextually determined feature neutralisation and (ii) phonological opacity.

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Orzechowska, Paula. "In search of phonotactic preferences." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yplm-2016-0008.

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Abstract The objective of this contribution is to provide an analysis of consonant clusters based on the assumption that phonotactic preferences are encoded in phonological features of individual segments forming a cluster. This encoding is expressed by a set of parameters established for the following features: complexity, place of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing. On the basis of empirically observed tendencies of feature distribution and co-occurrence, novel phonotactic preferences for English word-initial consonant clusters are proposed. Statistical methods allow us to weigh the preferences and determine a ranking of phonological features in cluster formation.

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O’Neal, George. "Consonant clusters and intelligibility in English as a Lingua Franca in Japan." Pragmatics and Society 6, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.6.4.07one.

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This is a qualitative study of the relationship between consonant cluster articulation and intelligibility in English as a Lingua Franca interactions in Japan (Jenkins 2000; Matsumoto 2011). Some research has claimed that the full articulation of consonant clusters in lexeme-initial and lexeme-medial position is critical to the maintenance of intelligibility (Jenkins 2000, 2002, 2007; Walker 2010; Deterding 2013). Using conversation analytic methodology to examine a corpus of repair sequences in interactions among English as a Lingua Franca speakers at a Japanese university, this study claims that consonant elision in consonant clusters in lexeme-initial, lexeme-medial, and lexeme-final position can attenuate intelligibility, and that the insertion of an elided consonant into a word that was oriented to as unintelligible can help restore intelligibility in English as a Lingua Franca.

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Rungruang, Apichai. "Consonant Cluster Acquisition by L2 Thai Speakers." English Language Teaching 10, no. 7 (June 13, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p216.

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Attempts to account for consonant cluster acquisition are always made into two aspects. One is transfer of the first language (L1), and another is markedness effects on the developmental processes in second language acquisition. This study has continued these attempts by finding out how well Thai university students were able to perceive English onset and coda clusters when they were second year and fourth year students. This paper also aims to investigate Thai speakers’ opinions about their listening and speaking skills, and whether their course subjects enhanced their performance. To fulfil the first objective, a pretest and posttest were launched to measure how the 34 Thai participants were able to identify 40 onset and 120 coda clusters at different periods of time. The statistical findings show that even though their overall scores in the fourth year were higher than those in the second year, there was no statistically significant difference in both major types of clusters [t = -1.29; p value >0.05 in onsets; t = -0.28; p value >0.05 in codas]. The Thai participants performed slightly better in onset (84% / 86%) than in coda (70% / 71%). To complete the second objective of the study, a 24-item questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The responses indicated positive opinions about their listening and speaking skills and the English courses they took in a four-year study. However, they still had difficulty identifying some English consonant clusters even though those were widely used or found. Finally, most participants claimed that English Phonetics and Phonology Course was one of the significant course subjects instrumental in establishing their fundamental knowledge of how to pronounce English words and develop their listening skill as well.

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Faes, Jolien, and Steven Gillis. "Consonant cluster production in children with cochlear implants: A comparison with normally hearing peers." First Language 37, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723717692631.

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In early word productions, the same types of errors are manifest in children with cochlear implants (CI) as in their normally hearing (NH) peers with respect to consonant clusters. However, the incidence of those types and their longitudinal development have not been examined or quantified in the literature thus far. Furthermore, studies on the spontaneous speech of Dutch-speaking children with CI are missing. This article compares children with CI and NH children with respect to their use of word-initial two-consonant clusters and the frequency of each type of error. The spontaneous speech of nine Dutch-speaking children with CI and an age-matched cohort of NH children was analysed from word-onset up to age seven. Results showed that accuracy and frequency of consonant clusters increases with age and that the age at implant activation is crucial in children with CI. Cross-sectional comparisons showed that some aspects of consonant cluster production in children with CI lag behind that of their NH peers, but that children with CI catch up by age five.

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Elzinga, Dirk, and David Eddington. "An experimental approach to ambisyllabicity in English." Topics in Linguistics 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2014-0010.

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Abstract The factors that influence English speakers to classify a consonant as ambisyllabic are explored in 581 bisyllabic words. The /b/ in habit, for example, was considered ambisyllabic when a participant chose hab as the first part of the word and bit as the second. Geminate spelling was found to interact with social variables; older participants and more educated speakers provided more ambisyllabic responses. The influence of word-level phonotactics on syllabification was also evident. A consonant such as the medial /d/ in standard is attested as the second consonant in the coda of many English words (e.g. lard), as well as in the single-consonant onset of many others; for this reason such consonants were often made ambisyllabic. This contrasts with the /n/ in standard, which is never the first consonant in a word-initial cluster (e.g. *ndorf) and, therefore, rarely made ambisyllabic in the experiment. Ambisyllabicity was also found more often when the vowel preceding the single medialconsonant was lax, or stressed, or when the medial-consonant was a sonorant rather than an obstruent. The idea that a stressed lax vowel in the first syllable conditions both the ambisyllabicity of the consonant and its geminate spelling is not supported.

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Chin, Steven B., and Daniel A. Dinnsen. "Consonant clusters in disordered speech: constraints and correspondence patterns." Journal of Child Language 19, no. 2 (June 1992): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900011417.

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ABSTRACTComparison of patterns of cluster realization from 47 children ranging in age from 3;4 to 6;8 with functional (non-organic) speech disorders with those reported in the literature for normal acquisition reveals that these patterns are essentially the same for both groups. Using a two-level generative phonology for children's independent systems, further analysis of cluster realizations by means of feature geometry and under-specification theory reveals that there are systematic and principled relationships between adult representations of clusters and children's underlying representations and between children's underlying representations and their phonetic representations. With special emphasis on coalescence phenomena, it is suggested that the apparent diversity in children's cluster realizations can be reduced to four constraints on the form of underlying and phonetic representations.

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Powell, Thomas W. "A Clinical Screening Procedure for Assessing Consonant Cluster Production." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 4, no. 1 (February 1995): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0401.59.

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This paper describes a 64-item clinical screening task designed to assess the accuracy of children's consonant cluster productions. This procedure is designed to help speech-language pathologists develop intervention programs to improve children's production of clusters by facilitating the identification of error patterns. Once such patterns have been identified, individualized treatment programs designed to maximize generalization may be developed. The task was administered to 100 4- and 5-year-old subjects to assess the technical adequacy of the procedure. Internal consistency reliability of the task was high, and the procedure was also shown to assess an appropriately diverse array of word-initial and word-final consonant clusters. Finally, the construct validity of the task was supported by factor analytic procedures.

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Nayif Hasan, Abd Ali. "Patterns of English Consonant Clusters in E. M. Forster’s ‘‘The Road From Colonus’’." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 6 (November 30, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.6p.23.

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A consonant cluster (henceforth CC) is a combination of two or more consonants without a vowel between them. There can be initial, medial and final CCs. Additionally, there are initial CCs with medial or final ones, and medial CCs with final ones. To the best knowledge of the researcher, patterns of English consonant clusters in Forster’s ‘The Road from Colonus’’ has not been handled previously.The present study aims at analyzing CCs in such a short story and finding out patterns of such clusters. Those consonant sequences are statistically investigated in order to show their most prominent patterns and their frequency. Accordingly, it can be hypothesised that medial patterns of CCs are more prominent and commonly used than initial and final ones whereas the frequency of final patterns of CCs is higher than that of initial and medial ones. The results of analyzing CCs in the short story under investigation indicate that there are (31) patterns of two and three – initial CCs whose frequency is (335), (79) patterns of two, three and four – final CCs which are repeated (552) times and (122) patterns of two and three– medial CCs whose frequency is (355). Such results lead to the conclusions that medial patterns of CCs are more than initial and final ones but the frequency of the patterns of final CCs exceeds that of initial and medial ones.

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Côté, Marie-Hélène. "Syntagmatic distinctness in consonant deletion." Phonology 21, no. 1 (May 2004): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675704000120.

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This article examines the role of distinctness between adjacent segments in consonant deletion. On the basis of five stop-deletion patterns, it establishes a correlation between the likelihood of cluster simplification and the level of similarity between the consonants in the cluster. This correlation is motivated on perceptual grounds, and an OT analysis of similarity avoidance is provided in which perceptual factors are integrated in the grammar through both faithfulness and markedness constraints. This perceptual approach improves in two ways on previous analyses, notably the OCP. First, it integrates similarity avoidance within a more general perception-based framework, which accounts naturally for its gradient nature. Second, it uncovers a distinction between absolute and contextual similarity avoidance between adjacent segments, depending on whether similarity avoidance is established without reference to the context in which the segments appear or relative to the quality of the perceptual cues available to the segments.

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McLeod, Sharynne, Linda Hand, Joan B. Rosenthal, and Brett Hayes. "The Effect of Sampling Condition on Children’s Productions of Consonant Clusters." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 4 (August 1994): 868–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3704.868.

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An investigation was conducted to compare the effects of single word and connected speech sampling conditions on the production of consonant clusters. Speech samples were obtained from 40 children with speech sound impairments who were aged 3 years: 6 months to 5 years. The children’s productions of 36 commonly occurring consonant clusters were compared across the two sampling conditions. Overall, children’s productions were more similar than different. Differences between the sampling conditions were apparent for three of the eight phonological processes studied, namely, cluster reduction, final consonant deletion, and epenthesis. Of 12 fine phonetic variations, only aspirated stops showed a significant difference between the sampling conditions. There was a wide range of individual variation.

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Fletcher, J. M., A. R. Butcher, D. Loakes, and H. Stoakes. "Coarticulation and consonant cluster production in Iwaidja." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 4 (April 2011): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3588048.

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Davidson, Lisa, and Jason A. Shaw. "Sources of illusion in consonant cluster perception." Journal of Phonetics 40, no. 2 (March 2012): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2011.11.005.

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Polite, Elgustus J. "The contribution of part-word phonological factors to the production of regular noun plural –s by children with and without specific language impairment." First Language 31, no. 4 (May 10, 2011): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723711406431.

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Potential phonological contributions to the inconsistent use of regular noun plural – s were examined in two groups of children who were inconsistent in their use of plural – s: 26 children with specific language impairment and 26 younger, typically developing children with comparable mean lengths of utterance. The children’s degree of plural – s use in spontaneous speech was examined according to the stem-final phoneme type (vowel, consonant, or consonant cluster), and the type of context that immediately followed the obligatory context for – s in the child’s utterance (vowel-initial word, consonant-initial word). Both groups of children had greater inflection accuracy when noun stems ended in a vowel as compared to a consonant or in a consonant cluster.

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Recasens, Daniel. "The phonetic implementation of underlying and epenthetic stops in word final clusters in Valencian Catalan." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 42, no. 1 (March 12, 2012): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100311000508.

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Data for closure duration and the stop burst, as well as on the duration of the adjacent phonetic segments, reveal that speakers of Valencian Catalan produce differently the clusters /lts/ and /ls/, and /rts/ and /rs/, where /t/ is an underlying phoneme in /lts,rts/ and stop epenthesis may occur in /ls,rs/. Only a subset of speakers contrast the production of the nasal cluster pairs /mps/–/ms/ and /nts/–/ns/. Stop epenthesis applies regularly in the sequences /ms,ns,ls, ʎs, ɲs/ but the inserted segment is only phonetically robust in the two latter clusters with an alveolopalatal consonant and to some extent in /ns/, and practically absent in the sequence /rs/. Differences in prominence for the stop consonant, whether underlying or epenthetic, occur as a function of the segmental composition of the cluster, as well as of utterance position and syllable and word affiliation. In conjunction with results from perception tests, it is claimed that these data contribute to our understanding of oral stop deletion after a (quasi-)homorganic consonant in word final clusters without /s/ in other dialects of Catalan and perhaps other languages.

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Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. "On the structure, survival and change of consonant clusters." Folia Linguistica 40, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2019-0006.

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Abstract This paper shows how preferability measures can help to explain the cross-linguistic distribution of consonant clusters, their acquisition, as well as aspects of their diachronic development. Phonological preferability is measured in terms of cluster size and Net Auditory Distance, which interact with morphological complexity and frequency. Predictions derived from the preferability of clusters are tested against the evidence of language specific phonotactics, language use, language acquisition, psycholinguistic processing, and language change.

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Dini, Putri Aryan. "INTERFERENSI FONOLOGIS BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PELAFALAN ONSET GUGUS KONSONAN KATA BAHASA JAWA." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 20, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.202.05.

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ABSTRAK This study aims to determine the form of interference that may occur in Indonesian speakers who pronounce Javanese words with complex onset consonant clusters and to see if the interference omit the meaning of the word. This research method is to analyze the recording of the reading test by two research subjects using PRAAT software. There are two interferences produced by the research subjects, namely epenthesis schwa and deletion. The results of the perception test show that schwa epenthesis interference is unacceptable but does not omit the meaning, while deletion is unacceptable and omit the meaning. Both of these interferences are a form of adaptation of research subjects in pronouncing the complex onset consonant clusters that are not prevalent in Indonesian. Kata Kunci: phonotactics, interference, onset consonant cluster

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Combiths, Philip N., Jessica A. Barlow, Jennifer Taps Richard, and Sonja L. Pruitt-Lord. "Treatment Targets for Co-Occurring Speech-Language Impairment: A Case Study." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_pers-sig1-2018-0013.

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Purpose The intersection of speech and language impairments is severely understudied. Despite repeatedly documented overlap and co-occurrence, treatment research for children with combined phonological and morphosyntactic deficits is limited. Especially, little is known about optimal treatment targets for combined phonological–morphosyntactic intervention. We offer a clinically focused discussion of the existing literature pertaining to interventions for children with combined deficits and present a case study exploring the utility of a complex treatment target in word-final position for co-occurring speech and language impairment. Method Within a school setting, a kindergarten child (aged 5;2 [years;months]) with co-occurring phonological disorder and developmental language disorder received treatment targeting a complex consonant cluster in word-final position inflected with 3rd-person singular morphology. Results For this child, training a complex consonant cluster in word-final position resulted in generalized learning to untreated consonants and clusters across word positions. However, morphological generalization was not demonstrated consistently across measures. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that training complex phonology in word-final position can result in generalized learning to untreated phonological targets. However, limited improvement in morphology and word-final phonology highlights the need for careful monitoring of cross-domain treatment outcomes and additional research to identify the characteristics of treatment approaches, techniques, and targets that induce cross-domain generalization learning in children with co-occurring speech-language impairment.

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Hirayama, Manami, and Timothy J. Vance. "Onset Cy and High Vowel Devoicing in Japanese." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 34, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2018-0006.

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Abstract Japanese has contrasts between onsets romanized as singletons and Cy clusters (e.g., kaku ‘rank’ vs. kyaku ‘guest’). It is uncertain whether Cy should be treated as a distinctively palatalized consonant /Cy/ or as a /Cy/ cluster; the phonetic realization is compatible with either. A distributional argument favoring the /Cy/ analysis is the neutralization of the contrast before front vowels: Ci, Ce, *Cyi, *Cye; the absence of */Cyi/ and */Cye/ follows automatically from */yi/ and */ye/. In this paper, high vowel devoicing is used as a diagnostic to investigate this phonemicization issue. A production experiment was conducted, comparing the rates of vowel devoicing in words containing Cu/iC and CyuC sequences (e.g., maputa vs. mapyuta). The devoicing rate was significantly lower in CyuC than in Cu/iC. This supports the cluster analysis /Cy/ (with the /y/ inhibiting devoicing) over the singleton analysis /Cy/ for the onset palatalized consonants of Japanese.

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Ferme, Alja. "Final sonorant sequences in the Celje dialect." Linguistica 46, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.46.1.181-190.

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In this paper I will analyse final sonorant sequencesin the Celje variety of Slovene. In §2 various definitions of a consonant cluster will be discussed and the definition needed for further development ofthe article will be provided. In §3 I will present pretheoretical arguments against treating all final sonorant sequences as consonant clusters. In addition, a seemingly special behaviour of a small group of sequences will be pointed out. The government phonology framework will be introduced in §4. In §5 the hin the given theoretical framework.

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Stanton, Juliet. "Constraints on contrast motivate nasal cluster dissimilation." Phonology 36, no. 4 (November 2019): 655–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675719000332.

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Many languages exhibit nasal cluster dissimilation, in which an illicit sequence of nasal–stop clusters is modified in some way (e.g. NC1VNC2 → N1VNC2). This article discusses generalisations in the typology of nasal cluster dissimilation, and claims that nasal cluster dissimilation is driven by constraints on contrast distinctiveness: it occurs preferentially in those environments where the first NC is most confusable with a plain nasal consonant. I propose an analysis that appeals to auditory factors, and provide acoustic and perceptual evidence that is consistent with it.

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Kim, No-Ju, and Min-Jae Woo. "Suffix Reclassification and Consonant Cluster Simplification of English." New Studies of English Language & Literature 63 (February 29, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21087/nsell.2016.02.63.85.

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Chin Wan Chung. "An Aspect of Consonant Cluster Simplification in English." Studies in Linguistics ll, no. 43 (April 2017): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..43.201704.43.

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최은영. "Several problems unsettled in the consonant cluster simplification." EOMUNYEONGU 75, no. ll (March 2013): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17297/rsll.2013.75..005.

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Barlow, Jessica A. "Asymmetries in the Acquisition of Consonant Clusters in Spanish." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 48, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 179–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100000645.

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AbstractThis article considers three children’s acquisition of tauto- and heterosyllabic consonant clusters in Spanish within the framework of Optimality Theory. Each child presents with a unique phonological system with respect to the cluster types. One child, BL4 (female, aged 2;8), reduces tautosyllabic clusters to the least sonorous singleton, but preserves both segments in production of heterosyllabic clusters. A second child, SD1 (female, aged 3;4), preserves both segments of tautosyllabic clusters, but reduces heterosyllabic clusters to the least sonorous singleton. Finally, a third child, SD2 (female, 3;9), reduces both types of clusters, maintaining the least sonorous segment; however, a different pattern is observed with the nasal + voiced stop clusters, which reduce to the most sonorous segment. The inter- and intra-child variation is accounted for by an appeal to general markedness and faithfulness constraints that have been motivated elsewhere in the literature in accounting for syllabic and segmental phenomena in acquisition and beyond.

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Shollenbarger, Amy J., Gregory C. Robinson, Valentina Taran, and Seo-eun Choi. "How African American English-Speaking First Graders Segment and Rhyme Words and Nonwords With Final Consonant Clusters." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 48, no. 4 (October 5, 2017): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_lshss-16-0062.

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Purpose This study explored how typically developing 1st grade African American English (AAE) speakers differ from mainstream American English (MAE) speakers in the completion of 2 common phonological awareness tasks (rhyming and phoneme segmentation) when the stimulus items were consonant–vowel–consonant–consonant (CVCC) words and nonwords. Method Forty-nine 1st graders met criteria for 2 dialect groups: AAE and MAE. Three conditions were tested in each rhyme and segmentation task: Real Words No Model, Real Words With a Model, and Nonwords With a Model. Results The AAE group had significantly more responses that rhymed CVCC words with consonant–vowel–consonant words and segmented CVCC words as consonant–vowel–consonant than the MAE group across all experimental conditions. In the rhyming task, the presence of a model in the real word condition elicited more reduced final cluster responses for both groups. In the segmentation task, the MAE group was at ceiling, so only the AAE group changed across the different stimulus presentations and reduced the final cluster less often when given a model. Conclusion Rhyming and phoneme segmentation performance can be influenced by a child's dialect when CVCC words are used.

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Sittiprapa, Wichian. "Language-Related Brain Potential Maps for Semantic Perception of Cluster Consonants in Consonant-Vowel Syllables." Journal of Biological Sciences 12, no. 7 (September 15, 2012): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2012.411.415.

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Buchwald, Adam, Bernadine Gagnon, and Michele Miozzo. "Identification and Remediation of Phonological and Motor Errors in Acquired Sound Production Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 6S (June 22, 2017): 1726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0240.

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Purpose This study aimed to test whether an approach to distinguishing errors arising in phonological processing from those arising in motor planning also predicts the extent to which repetition-based training can lead to improved production of difficult sound sequences. Method Four individuals with acquired speech production impairment who produced consonant cluster errors involving deletion were examined using a repetition task. We compared the acoustic details of productions with deletion errors in target consonant clusters to singleton consonants. Changes in accuracy over the course of the study were also compared. Results Two individuals produced deletion errors consistent with a phonological locus of the errors, and 2 individuals produced errors consistent with a motoric locus of the errors. The 2 individuals who made phonologically driven errors showed no change in performance on a repetition training task, whereas the 2 individuals with motoric errors improved in their production of both trained and untrained items. Conclusions The results extend previous findings about a metric for identifying the source of sound production errors in individuals with both apraxia of speech and aphasia. In particular, this work may provide a tool for identifying predominant error types in individuals with complex deficits.

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McCarthy, John J. "The gradual path to cluster simplification." Phonology 25, no. 2 (August 2008): 271–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675708001486.

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When a medial consonant cluster is simplified by deletion or place assimilation, the first consonant is affected, but never the second one: /patka/ becomes [paka] and not *[pata]; /panpa/ becomes [pampa] and not [panta]. This article accounts for that observation within a derivational version of Optimality Theory called Harmonic Serialism. In Harmonic Serialism, the final output is reached by a series of derivational steps that gradually improve harmony. If there is no gradual, harmonically improving path from a given underlying representation to a given surface representation, this mapping is impossible in Harmonic Serialism, even if it would be allowed in classic Optimality Theory. In cluster simplification, deletion or Place assimilation is the second step in a derivation that begins with deleting Place features, and deleting Place features improves harmony only in coda position.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Consonant cluster'

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