Journal articles: 'Consonant-vowel'

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Zahra, Alya, and Rika Astari. "VARIASI BAHASA ARAB PADA PENUTUR BAHASA MALTA DALAM TATARAN FONOLOGI." `A Jamiy : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 10, no. 2 (2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/ajamiy.10.2.436-457.2021.

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This article aims to analyze the types of Arabic phonological changes in Maltese speakers. This research is included in the qualitative research using the intralingual equivalent method. The results showed that there were many phonological variations of Fusha Arabic in Maltese, including: (1) Lenisi consisting of apocope, syncope, changing vowel /i/ to vowel /a/, changing vowel /i/ to sound vowel /ɛ/, change in vowel sound /u/ into vowel sound /ɛ/, change in vowel /u/ into vowel /o/, and change in vowel /u/ into vowel /a/, (2) Sound substitution consonants with consonant sounds consisting of changes in consonant sound // into consonant sound /t/, consonant /q/ into consonant /ʔ/, consonant /x/ into consonant /ħ/, consonant /ðˤ/ into consonant /d/, consonant /dˤ/ becomes consonant /d/, consonant /tˁ/ becomes /t/, consonant /sˁ/ becomes consonant /s/, and consonant /t/ becomes consonant /d/, (3) Epenthesis, 4) Diphthongization, ( 5) Monophthongization, and (6) Sound reinforcement consisting of changing the vowel sound /a/ into a vowel sound /ɛ/, changing the vowel sound /a/ into a vowel sound /i/, and Consonant sound /t/ changes to a consonant sound /d/.

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Carré, René, and Samir Chennoukh. "Vowel-consonant-vowel modeling bysuperposition of consonant closure on vowel-to-vowel gestures." Journal of Phonetics 23, no. 1-2 (1995): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(95)80045-x.

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Yadgarova, Zebiniso Tolibovna. "SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF SEGMENT DEVICES IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES." International Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities. Finland Academic Research Science Publishers 11, no. 5 (2023): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8017123.

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This article compares English vowel and consonant sounds to Uzbek phonemes in order to highlight their unique characteristics. The distinction between a vowel and a consonant is typically thought to be phonemic rather than phonetic. A vowel is produced as a pure musical tone without any obstruction of airflow in the speech trаct, which is how a vowel and consonant are distinguished from one another from a phonetic perspective. There are more criteria to identify a vowel from a consonant.

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Divo Pratama Pasaribu, Muhammad Faisal Hajmi Bin Nasir, Najla Regar, Nadila Adelia Putri, and Yani Lubis. "Identify and Analyze Various Types of English Syllables." Sintaksis : Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 2, no. 4 (2024): 09–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/sintaksis.v2i4.747.

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This research presents an in-depth analysis of various types of English syllables, including closed, open, vowel-consonant-e, vowel team, r-controlled, and consonant-le syllables. Each type of syllable has unique characteristics that contribute to the structure and pronunciation of words in English. Closed syllables produce short vowel sounds due to the ending consonant, while open syllables result in long vowel sounds due to the ending vowel. Vowel-consonant-e syllables involve a vowel followed by a consonant and a silent 'e,' which lengthens the vowel sound. Vowel team syllables consist of two vowels that together produce a single vowel sound, while r-controlled syllables involve a vowel followed by the letter 'r,' which alters the vowel sound. Consonant-le syllables, typically found at the end of words, provide a distinctive rhythm and flow. This study demonstrates that a theoretical understanding of syllable types has significant implications for phonics instruction and language education. Phonics instruction based on syllable patterns can enhance reading fluency and spelling proficiency. The analysis also reveals phonological diversity in English, reflecting the language's adaptability and complexity. Understanding syllable structures also provides insights into how the brain processes language, which is crucial for developing effective language teaching strategies.

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Sammeth, Carol A., Michael F. Dorman, and Carol J. Stearns. "The Role of Consonant-Vowel Amplitude Ratio in the Recognition of Voiceless Stop Consonants by Listeners With Hearing Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 1 (1999): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4201.42.

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Several authors have evaluated consonant-to-vowel ratio (CVR) enhancement as a means to improve speech recognition in listeners with hearing impairment, with the intention of incorporating this approach into emerging amplification technology. Unfortunately, most previous studies have enhanced CVRs by increasing consonant energy, thus possibly confounding CVR effects with consonant audibility. In this study, we held consonant audibility constant by reducing vowel transition and steady-state energy rather than increasing consonant energy. Performance-by-intensity (PI) functions were obtained for recognition of voiceless stop consonants (/p/, /t/, /k/) presented in isolation (burst and aspiration digitally separated from the vowel) and for consonant-vowel syllables, with readdition of the vowel /α/. There were three CVR conditions: normal CVR, vowel reduction by 6 dB, and vowel reduction by 12 dB. Testing was conducted in broadband noise fixed at 70 dB SPL and at 85 dB SPL. Six adults with sensorineural hearing impairment and 2 adults with normal hearing served as listeners. Results indicated that CVR enhancement did not improve identification performance when consonant audibility was held constant, except at the higher noise level for one listener with hearing impairment. The re-addition of the vowel energy to the isolated consonant did, however, produce large and significant improvements in phoneme identification.

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Recasens, Daniel. "The Effect of Stress and Speech Rate on Vowel Coarticulation in Catalan Vowel–Consonant–Vowel Sequences." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 5 (2015): 1407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0196.

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Purpose The goal of this study was to ascertain the effect of changes in stress and speech rate on vowel coarticulation in vowel–consonant–vowel sequences. Method Data on second formant coarticulatory effects as a function of changing /i/ versus /a/ were collected for five Catalan speakers' productions of vowel–consonant–vowel sequences with the fixed vowels /i/ and /a/ and consonants: the approximant /δ/, the alveolopalatal nasal /ɲ/, and /l/, which in the Catalan language differs in darkness degree according to speaker. Results In agreement with predictions formulated by the degree-of-articulation-constraint model of coarticulation, the size of the vowel coarticulatory effects was inversely related to the degree of articulatory constraint for the consonant, and the direction of those effects was mostly carryover or anticipatory in vowel–consonant–vowel sequences with highly constrained consonants (/ɲ/, dark /l/) and more variable whenever the intervocalic consonant was less constrained (/δ/, clear /l/). Stress and speech-rate variations had an effect on overall vowel duration, second formant frequency, and coarticulation size but not on the consonant-specific patterns of degree and direction of vowel coarticulation. Conclusion These results indicate that prosodically induced coarticulatory changes conform to the basic principles of segmental coarticulatory organization.

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Utami, Ismi Maulina. "ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION DIVERSITY PRODUCED BY INDONESIAN COVER-SINGERS: A CASE STUDY ON THE YOUTUBE CHANNEL." LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/let.v11i1.4598.

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This study focuses on the pronunciation changes of the Indonesian cover-singers on YouTube. It is qualitative research by using documentation technique. There were three subjects of this study namely RM with song “Memories”, AH with song “Thank You Next”, and HD with song “Comethru”. At the first singer’s pronunciation, there were 26 mispronounced words and she did consonant deletion, vowel shift, vowel coalescence, consonant neutralization, consonant insertion, and metathesis. At the second singer’s pronunciation, there were 17 mispronounced words and she did consonant deletion, vowel shift, consonant neutralization, consonant insertion, assimilation, and diphthongization. At the third singer’s pronunciation, there were 12 mispronounced words and she did consonant deletion, consonant neutralization, vowel shift, vowel coalescence, and consonant insertion. These pronunciation changes occur because of the distinction between the phonological system of English and Bahasa Indonesia , and the Indonesian cover-singers still rely on the word’s spelling rather than phonetic sound. Regardless of these two reasons, there are also several similarities in the phonological system between English and Bahasa Indonesia, but the Indonesian cover-singers still perform the pronunciation changes.

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Habib, Muhammad Asad, and Arshad Ali Khan. "Vowel Epenthesis in Loanword Integration: A Study of English Consonant Cluster at Onset." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 4 (2019): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n4p332.

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This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the English consonant cluster at onset position of the syllable. English and Punjabi are two different phonological system where English allows consonant cluster and complex consonants at onset while Punjabi only allows complex consonants. Hence for the integration of syllables with consonant cluster, Punjabi speakers have to insert a vowel to make the consonant configuration according to Punjabi phonotactics. The data for this study are collected from recordings of focus group discussions, interviews and video clips. The data are analyzed by using CV phonology and Distinct Feature theory. The results suggest that Punjabi speakers insert vowels to modify the English consonant clusters according to Punjabi phonological environment. Thus, they add another vowel node and resyllabify the consonant clusters. The mid central /ə/ vowel is the default epenthetic vowel while in some cases /e/ is also used before the consonant clusters.

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Uwaezuoke, Aghaegbuna Haroldson. "A government phonology analysis of assimilation in AnakỤ Igbo expressions: “ǹgịvụ” and “gbaa egbè”". UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 24, № 2 (2024): 226–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v24i2.7.

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Assimilation, no doubt, is a major co-articulatory feature of human language involving two segments in binary asymmetric relation. In the Igbo language, there are vowel-vowel assimilation, vowel-syllable assimilation, syllabic nasal-consonant assimilation, vowel-consonant assimilation, and consonant-vowel assimilation. Using the Government Phonology framework, this paper analyses assimilation in Anakụ Igbo expressions, ǹgịvụ ‘you’ and gbaa egbè ‘shot gun’, which are examples of syllabic nasal-consonant assimilation and vowel-vowel assimilation respectively. The results reveal a relation of government existing between the sounds in the context of assimilation in the two words, whereby one of the sounds is the governor that has charmed the other sound as its governee. It is confirmed that assimilation in Anakụ Igbo variety adheres to the tenets of the Government Phonology.

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Carré, René, Samir Chennouk, and Mohamed Mrayati. "Vowel‐consonant‐vowel transitions, analysis and modeling." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 4 (1992): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404675.

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Ahmed, Sarah, and Michael Grosvald. "Long-Distance Vowel-to-Vowel Coarticulation in Arabic: Influences of Intervening Consonant Pharyngealization and Length." Language and Speech 62, no. 2 (2018): 399–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918777268.

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This study investigates anticipatory vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in Arabic, and seeks to determine the degree to which it is affected by the pharyngealization and length of intervening consonants. Speakers of Egyptian Arabic were recorded saying sentences containing nonsense sequences of the form /baɁabaCV:/, where C was chosen from {/t/, /tˤ/, /t:/, /tˤ:/} and V was a long vowel /i:/, /a:/ or /u:/. Analysis of the first and second formants of the recorded vowels revealed that (a) vowel-to-vowel coarticulatory effects could sometimes extend to a distance of three vowels before the context vowel; (b) the consonant-to-vowel effects associated with pharyngealization were consistently seen at similar distances, while also decreasing in magnitude at greater distances from the triggering consonant; and (c) effects related to intervening consonant length were idiosyncratic, and in particular did not lead to consistent blocking of vowel-to-vowel effects. In contrast, one speaker showed significant vowel-to-vowel effects at all three measured distances that were effectively blocked in the pharyngealized consonant condition.

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Fagan, Mary K., and Kate N. Doveikis. "Ordinary Interactions Challenge Proposals That Maternal Verbal Responses Shape Infant Vocal Development." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 10 (2017): 2819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0005.

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Purpose This study tested proposals that maternal verbal responses shape infant vocal development, proposals based in part on evidence that infants modified their vocalizations to match mothers' experimentally manipulated vowel or consonant–vowel responses to most (i.e., 70%–80%) infant vocalizations. We tested the proposal in ordinary rather than experimentally manipulated interactions. Method Response-based proposals were tested in a cross-sectional study of 35 infants, ages 4 to 14 months, engaged in everyday interactions in their homes with their mothers using a standard set of toys and picture books. Results Mothers responded to 30% of infant vocalizations with vocal behaviors of their own, far fewer than experimentally manipulated response rates. Moreover, mothers produced comparatively few vowel and consonant–vowel models and responded to infants' vowel and consonant–vowel vocalizations in similar numbers. Infants showed little evidence of systematically modifying their vocal forms to match maternal responses in these interactions. Instead, consonant–vowel vocalizations increased significantly with infant age. Conclusions Results obtained in ordinary interactions, rather than response manipulation, did not provide substantial support for response-based mechanisms of infant vocal development. Consistent with other research, however, consonant–vowel productions increased with infant age.

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Smith, Lynn Z., and Harry Levitt. "Consonant Enhancement Effects on Speech Recognition of Hearing-Impaired Children." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 10, no. 08 (1999): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748514.

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AbstractDifferences in gain (enhancement, in dB) required to optimize the consonant/vowel intensity ratio in nonsense syllables were determined for stops and fricatives, both voiced and voiceless, in 12 children with congenital moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. The test stimuli were vowel/consonant nonsense syllables with various levels of enhancement ranging from 0 dB (for the unprocessed stimulus) to 24 dB of gain, in steps of 3 or 6 dB. Results showed that significant improvements in consonant recognition can be obtained with individualized adjustment of consonant amplitude for children as young as 5 years of age. Abbreviations: CE = consonant enhacement, CVR = consonant/vowel intensity ratio, NST = Nonsense Syllable Test

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Wang, Jun, Jordan R. Green, Ashok Samal, and Yana Yunusova. "Articulatory Distinctiveness of Vowels and Consonants: A Data-Driven Approach." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, no. 5 (2013): 1539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0030).

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Purpose To quantify the articulatory distinctiveness of 8 major English vowels and 11 English consonants based on tongue and lip movement time series data using a data-driven approach. Method Tongue and lip movements of 8 vowels and 11 consonants from 10 healthy talkers were collected. First, classification accuracies were obtained using 2 complementary approaches: (a) Procrustes analysis and (b) a support vector machine. Procrustes distance was then used to measure the articulatory distinctiveness among vowels and consonants. Finally, the distance (distinctiveness) matrices of different vowel pairs and consonant pairs were used to derive articulatory vowel and consonant spaces using multidimensional scaling. Results Vowel classification accuracies of 91.67% and 89.05% and consonant classification accuracies of 91.37% and 88.94% were obtained using Procrustes analysis and a support vector machine, respectively. Articulatory vowel and consonant spaces were derived based on the pairwise Procrustes distances. Conclusions The articulatory vowel space derived in this study resembled the long-standing descriptive articulatory vowel space defined by tongue height and advancement. The articulatory consonant space was consistent with feature-based classification of English consonants. The derived articulatory vowel and consonant spaces may have clinical implications, including serving as an objective measure of the severity of articulatory impairment.

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Zharkova, Natalia, Nigel Hewlett, and William J. Hardcastle. "An ultrasound study of lingual coarticulation in /sV/ syllables produced by adults and typically developing children." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 42, no. 2 (2012): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100312000060.

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According to the Degree of Articulatory Constraint model of lingual coarticulation, the consonant /s/ has some scope for tongue adaptation to neighbouring vowels, since the tongue dorsum is not directly involved in constriction formation for this consonant. The present study aimed to establish whether the tongue shape for /s/ in consonant–vowel syllables was influenced by the nature of the following vowel, in Scottish-English–speaking children and adults. Ultrasound tongue imaging was used to establish the presence or otherwise of a vowel effect at the consonant midpoint, by measuring differences between the consonant tongue contours in different vowel environments. In adults, the vowel pairs /a/–/i/, /a/–/u/ and /i/–/u/ exerted significant coarticulatory effects on /s/. In children, no significant effects on /s/ were observed. Greater within-speaker variability in lingual articulation was found in children than in adults. The reduced ability of children to anticipate the tongue configuration of a following vowel whilst simultaneously implementing an initial /s/ sound could be explained by lesser differential control of tip/blade and tongue body.

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van Wieringen, Astrid, and Louis C. W. Pols. "Discrimination of single and complex consonant–vowel‐ and vowel–consonant‐like formant transitions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 3 (1995): 1304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.413467.

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Lofqvist, Anders. "Tongue movements in vowel‐consonant‐vowel (VCV) sequences: The effect of consonant length." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 3 (2005): 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4785764.

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Caroro, Roseclaremath A., Rolysent K. Paredes, and Jerry M. Lumasag. "Rules for Orthographic Word Parsing of the Philippines' Cebuano-Visayan Language Using Context-Free Grammars." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 12, no. 2 (2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2020040103.

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Syllabication is essential in the preprocessing stage of speech systems. In the context of the Philippines' Cebuano-Visayan language's syllabication rules, the existing rules do not include hyphenated words although the hyphen defines the syllable boundary in a word. Hence, this study created grammar rules for hyphenated words which include sequences of a hyphen between vowel-consonant, consonant-consonant, vowel-vowel, and consonant-vowel. The test was done for the enhanced grammar rules for Cebuano-Visayan syllabication with 1,465 representative hyphenated and non-hyphenated words of varying lengths. The result further implies that the syllabication analysis for hyphenated words showed that hyphens improve the naturalness and intelligibility in the utterance of the words, thereby enhancing the understanding and comprehension of the Cebuano-Visayan discourse.

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Polite, Elgustus J. "The contribution of part-word phonological factors to the production of regular noun plural –s by children with and without specific language impairment." First Language 31, no. 4 (2011): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723711406431.

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Potential phonological contributions to the inconsistent use of regular noun plural – s were examined in two groups of children who were inconsistent in their use of plural – s: 26 children with specific language impairment and 26 younger, typically developing children with comparable mean lengths of utterance. The children’s degree of plural – s use in spontaneous speech was examined according to the stem-final phoneme type (vowel, consonant, or consonant cluster), and the type of context that immediately followed the obligatory context for – s in the child’s utterance (vowel-initial word, consonant-initial word). Both groups of children had greater inflection accuracy when noun stems ended in a vowel as compared to a consonant or in a consonant cluster.

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Blake, Patricia E., and Sid P. Bacon. "Temporal effects in vowel and consonant‐vowel masking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (1988): S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025833.

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Gutiérrez, Analía. "Vowel-consonant metathesis in Nivaĉle." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 65, no. 2 (2020): 276–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.4.

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AbstractVowel-consonant metathesis is observed in a variety of contexts throughout the Nivaĉle (Mataguayan) grammar. It occurs in both verbal and nominal domains, characteristically resulting from the affixation of a consonant-initial suffix to a consonant-final stem. This paper provides an optimality theoretic account for vowel-consonant metathesis and vowel epenthesis in Nivaĉle. It is demonstrated that metathesis responds to phonological requirements; specifically, it serves to avoid marked structures in the language: complex codas, derived complex onsets, and bad syllable contacts. The prosodic analysis of syllable structure constraints aims to provide broad empirical coverage, as well as a coherent and integrated theoretical interpretation.

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Ohala, John J., and Tore Janson. "Cross-linguistic trends in the frequency of CV sequences." Phonology Yearbook 3 (May 1986): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000634.

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ABSTRACTThe problem discussed is which CV sequences are generally favoured or disfavoured in the languages of the world, and the reasons for the trends. An investigation of relative frequencies of CV combinations in five languages is presented. The main result is that the favoured sequences are those in which there is no great movement of the articulatory organs from the consonant to the vowel. Examples are combinations of a dental consonant and a front vowel, and a velar consonant and a back vowel.

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Woods, David L., E. William Yund, Timothy J. Herron, and Matthew A. I. Ua Cruadhlaoich. "Consonant identification in consonant-vowel-consonant syllables in speech-spectrum noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (2010): 1609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3293005.

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Annisa Al Dhira Jahra, Jelwita Waruwu, and Bambang Hartanto. "Analisis Deret Vokal Dan Deret Konsonan Dalam Buku "Senja Di Siliwangi"." Pragmatik : Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Bahasa dan Pendidikan 1, no. 3 (2023): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/pragmatik.v1i3.209.

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Vowel series and consonant series are concepts in phonology that are important in Indonesian. Vowel series and consonant series affect the structure of syllables in Indonesian. Vowel series consist of vowels that line up in two different syllables, while consonant series consist of a combination of two consonants found on different syllables, albeit side by side. Both of these concepts are important to learn in Indonesian phonology learning because they can help understand the structure of syllables and phenomena such as consonant clusters and clusters. In addition, research on vowel series and consonant series in Indonesian can help enrich knowledge about Indonesian and improve Indonesian learning in the future. However, the findings may provide a deeper understanding of the structure of syllables in Indonesian, the use of language in literary works, and its impact on artistic expression and meaning in poetry. Implications of these findings could include the development of phonological theories Indonesian, the development of better Indonesian teaching guidelines, and broader application in literature and linguistics.

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Inayah, Arin, and Nur Dina. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC PHONEMIC SYSTEM IN "JUST MISSING YOU" SONG LYRICS." Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL) 4, no. 2 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v4i2.10284.

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This research is a contrastive analysis of phonemic system between English and Arabic in “Just Missing You” song lyrics. The objectives of the research are finding similarities and differences of phonemes in song lyrics to help students learn to pronounce English with Arabic phonemes. This research focus on 24 consonant and 20 vowel phonemes in English and 28 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes in Arabic. The research method is descriptive contrastive with qualitative approach. The method design contrast the phoneme between English and Arabic in song lyrics based on the type of phonemes, they are articulatory phonetic for consonant and height, part of tongue, and shape of lips for vowel. The result of the research found the similarities between English and Arabic phonemic system in “Just missing you” song lyrics which consist of 18 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes. The differences between English and Arabic phonemic system in “Just Missing You” song lyrics consist of 8 consonants and one vowel.

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Storme, Benjamin. "Contrast enhancement as motivation for closed syllable laxing and open syllable tensing." Phonology 36, no. 2 (2019): 303–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675719000149.

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This paper proposes that closed syllable laxing and open syllable tensing of non-low vowels are motivated by conflicting strategies of contrast enhancement in vowel–consonant sequences. Laxing enhances the distinctiveness of consonant contrasts by allowing for more distinct VC formant transitions, in particular in sequences involving a non-low vowel followed by an oral labial/coronal/velar consonant (e.g. [p t k]). Tensing enhances the distinctiveness of vowel contrasts by providing more distinct formant realisations for vowels. Linguistic variation results from different ways of resolving the tension between maximising vowel dispersion and maximising consonant dispersion. Laxing typically applies before coda consonants as a way to compensate for the absence of good perceptual cues to place of articulation. The hypothesis that laxing enhances the distinctiveness of postvocalic place contrasts is supported by a study of mid-vowel laxing in French, which corroborates the general claim that perceptual contrast plays a role in shaping phonotactic restrictions.

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Shin, Eun-Yeong. "Development of Phoneme Perception Test for School-Aged Children." Audiology and Speech Research 17, no. 2 (2021): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.210012.

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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to develop lists of phoneme perception tests for school-aged children.Methods: The 127 initial and 94 final consonant test items were modified by the difficulty level (reduced the number for the multiple-choice and controlled familiarity of target words and foil words). The validity of the results for normal hearing children was evaluated. Through discussions by experts in various fields, the target word list was revised. Words with a low percentage (<90%) of correct answers, vowel-consonant in an initial consonant test item, and consonant-vowel (CV) in final consonant item were eliminated and produced the last revised consonant perception test item for school-aged children.Results: The consonant test item consisted of three multiple-choice words type of consonant-vowel-consonant or CV. The 50 initial and 25 final consonant perception test items included the high degree of familiarity, corresponding frequency of phonemes for daily life speech sounds of children.Conclusion: To analyze the phoneme perception ability of school-age children by listening and to evaluate phoneme errors in children with congenital high frequency hearing loss, the results of this study are useful.

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Thorburn, Rachel. "Vowel perception in consonant context." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 4 (1996): 2589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.415252.

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Ivanova, Galina S. "On the origin of consonant complexes in the Mordovian languages." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/13.

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We consider consonant complexes at the beginning, middle, and end of Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) words absent in related Finno-Ugric languages. The purpose of the study was to find out the reasons for the origin of this phenomenon (the absence of consonant complexes) and to determine to what historical period of language development it belongs. The research material was Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages, in which there is a large group of words with consonant complexes. The main research methods were synchronous descriptive and comparative historical, involving the classification of linguistic facts, their analysis, and restoration of certain historical aspects. The study revealed that the consonant complexes in Mordovian languages are innovative. At the beginning of the word, their appearance cannot be attributed to one historical period. The reason for the loss of the vowel of the first syllable should be sought in the changes that have occurred in the accentological system: a more sonorous vowel or vowel from the diphthongal combination of not the first syllable acquired the ability to pull the stress from the narrow or reduced vowel of the first syllable onto itself. In the middle and at the end of the word, consonant complexes are observed at the junction of morphemes, with there being two reasons for their formation: 1) loss of the final vowel (often reduced) non-derivative basis during agglutination of the relational or derivational affix; 2) joining of the affix with the initial consonant to the primary consonant base.

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Zurmita, Deni Nofrina, Ermanto Ermanto, and Zulfikarni Zulfikarni. "SISTEM FONOLOGI BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI KENAGARIAN SINGKARAK KECAMATAN X KOTO SINGKARAK KABUPATEN SOLOK." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (2013): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/810140.

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This article was written to describe the Minangkabau language phonological system in Kenagarian Singkarak based on (1) the system of vowels, (2) consonant system, (3) diphthong, (4) distribution of vowels, consonants and diphthongs, (5) form syllables. The method used in this research was descriptive method. The data in this study were 200 basic vocabularies of Morris Swades and basic cultural vocabulary. The data was collected with basic techniques such “pancing” technique, followed by “cakap semuka” technique. The finding theMinangkabau language phonological system in Kenagarian Singkarak research is 5 vocal, 20 consonant, 4 phoneme diphthongs, distribution vocal complete, while distribution consonant consisting of 8 consonants complete and 12 incomplete and distribution diphthong incomplete and form syllables consisting a vowel (V), a vowel and a consonant (VC), a consonant and a vocal (CV) and a consonant, a vowel, a of consonants (CVC). Kata Kunci: fonologi, vokal, konsonan, diftong,

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Reski. "A, The Perbandingan Fonologi Bahasa Melayu Isolek Desa Pulau Air Raja Kecamatan Galang dengan Desa Pulau Mengkadah Kecamatam Bulang Kota Batam." Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 8, no. 1 (2024): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v8i1.3487.

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This research discusses comparative phonology which focuses on changes in vowel phonemes and consonant phonemes. This is motivated by differences in the pronunciation of language sounds but they have the same meaning by the people of Pulau Air Raja Village, Galang District and Pulau Mengkadah Village, Bulang District, Batam City. The approach and type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique for this research is a conversational involvement technique. Based on the results of data collection obtained in the field, in this study there were forty-nine words that had a comparison of vowel phoneme to vowel phoneme, two comparisons of consonant phoneme to vowel phoneme, four comparisons of consonant phoneme to consonant phoneme, and one comparison of vowel phoneme to phoneme. consonant. Of the fifty-six words in the comparison of the two languages, the form of pronunciation is that the people of Pulau Air Raja Village, Galang District, are more dominant in using the vowel phoneme /∂/, while the people of Mengkadah Island, Bulang District are more dominant in using the vowel phoneme /o/. The comparison of pronunciation in these two areas is due to the migration factor, because there are many new immigrants who occupy Air Raja Village and stay, so there are slight changes in pronunciation which results in differences in word pronunciation with Pulau Mengkadah Village, while the people of Pulau Mengkadah Village are local residents.

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NASCIMENTO, Aline Carvalho, and Giovana Cristina ZEN. "THE ORDER OF LETTERS IN WRITTEN PRODUCTION: WHAT CHILDREN SAY IN THE LITERACY PROCESS." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 17, no. 49 (2024): 266–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10531224.

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This article presents data from exploratory research, of psychogenetic nature, whose theme deals with the appropriation of the writing system by children in the literacy process, with the main objective of comprehensively analyzing the conceptualizations of Brazilian children who already phonetize writing, bringing up reflections and decisions made about the order of letters in written production. The participating children were 6 and 7 years old, in the 1st year of Elementary School. The methodology used in the investigation was based on a qualitative approach, with the clinical-critical method, which had as data collection procedures the use of semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documentary analysis. The data analysis is supported by the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2016). The results highlighted the power of the acts of writing and revision by the children themselves, highlighting the disorder with relevance as a phenomenon that appeared from the writings categorized as syllabic-alphabetic; Cognitive problems were faced regarding disorder with relevance when there was a consonant in the double attack position (consonant-consonant-vowel) and children wrote maintaining the syllable structure, but in disorder, transforming consonant-consonant-vowel into consonant-vowel-consonant or the disyllable in trisyllable with consonant-vowel structure. From the data analysis, this work concludes that it is essential to consider children's ideas, as a political decision to provide their right to be listened and understood through respectful literacy.

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Freyman, Richard L., G. Patrick Nerbonne, and Heather A. Cote. "Effect of Consonant-Vowel Ratio Modification on Amplitude Envelope Cues for Consonant Recognition." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 2 (1991): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3402.415.

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This investigation examined the degree to which modification of the consonant-vowel (C-V) intensity ratio affected consonant recognition under conditions in which listeners were forced to rely more heavily on waveform envelope cues than on spectral cues. The stimuli were 22 vowel-consonant-vowel utterances, which had been mixed at six different signal-to-noise ratios with white noise that had been modulated by the speech waveform envelope. The resulting waveforms preserved the gross speech envelope shape, but spectral cues were limited by the white-noise masking. In a second stimulus set, the consonant portion of each utterance was amplified by 10 dB. Sixteen subjects with normal hearing listened to the unmodified stimuli, and 16 listened to the amplified-consonant stimuli. Recognition performance was reduced in the amplified-consonant condition for some consonants, presumably because waveform envelope cues had been distorted. However, for other consonants, especially the voiced stops, consonant amplification improved recognition. Patterns of errors were altered for several consonant groups, including some that showed only small changes in recognition scores. The results indicate that when spectral cues are compromised, nonlinear amplification can alter waveform envelope cues for consonant recognition.

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Setyadi, Ary. "“Pasangan Minimal” Fonem Alat “Permainan Bahasa”." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 3 (2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.3.405-417.

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The phoneme “minimal pair” data can be used as a “language games” tool, because the notion of “language games” is: the efforts made by language speakers in “playing with” language, especially words, for specific purposes/interests. Based on existing references, the problem of the “minimal pair” phoneme as a “language game” tool has never been used as a separate research object, so it is interesting to study. The data is obtained by listening and different/contrasting meaning with the method of recording/recording. The type of data is secondary, because more data is found in several references that discuss Indonesian phonology. Data analysis based on the application of phonology linguistic theory, phonemic subfields. The final results of the study found five kinds of “language gamesing” patterns, namely: 1) patterned: one vowel phoneme vs. one vowel phoneme, 2) patterned: two vowel phonemes vs. two vowel phonemes, 3) patterned: one vowel phoneme vs. one diphthong phoneme, 4) patterned: one consonant phoneme vs. one consonant phoneme, and 5) patterned: two consonant phonemes vs. two consonant phonemes.

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Bucci, Jonathan, Pascal Perrier, Silvain Gerber, and Jean-Luc Schwartz. "Vowel Reduction in Coratino (South Italy): Phonological and Phonetic Perspectives." Phonetica 76, no. 4 (2018): 287–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490947.

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Vowel reduction may involve phonetic reduction processes, with nonreached targets, and/or phonological processes in which a vowel target is changed for another target, possibly schwa. Coratino, a dialect of southern Italy, displays complex vowel reduction processes assumed to be phonological. We analyzed a corpus representative of vowel reduction in Coratino, based on a set of a hundred pairs of words contrasting a stressed and an unstressed version of a given vowel in a given consonant environment, produced by 10 speakers. We report vowelformants together with consonant-to-vowel formant trajectories and durations, and show that these data are rather in agreement with a change in vowel target from /i e &#x025B;·&#x0254; u/ to schwa when the vowel is a non-word-initial unstressed utterance, unless the vowel shares a place-of-articulation feature with the preceding or following consonant. Interestingly, it also appears that there are 2 targets for phonological reduction, differing in F1 values. A “higher schwa” - which could be considered as /&#x0268;/ - corresponds to reduction for high vowels /i u/ while a “lower schwa” - which could be considered as /&#x0259;/ - corresponds to reduction for midhigh

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Saunders, Kathryn J., Mark D. Johnston, and Nancy C. Brady. "IDENTITY MATCHING OF CONSONANT-VOWEL-CONSONANT WORDS BY PREREADERS." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 33, no. 3 (2000): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2000.33-309.

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Tomiak, Gail R. "Integrality in consonant perception: Vowel environment influences consonant perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, S1 (1989): S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026752.

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Kleber, Felicitas. "Complementary length in vowel–consonant sequences: Acoustic and perceptual evidence for a sound change in progress in Bavarian German." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 1 (2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000238.

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This study is concerned with the Bavarian German dialect feature of complementary length in vowel plus consonant sequences according to which tense (long) vowels always precede lenis stops (short closure) and lax (short) vowels always precede fortis stops (long closure). The study investigates whether a vowel length contrast is developing before fortis stops due to dialect leveling. We measured vowel and consonant duration in trochaic words differing only in vowel length which were read by 40 older and younger Bavarian and Saxon (control group) German speakers. Older Bavarians distinguished tense and lax vowels by means of vowel to vowel plus consonant ratios that indicate an inverse timing pattern. Saxons and younger Bavarians signal the tense–lax distinction independently of the following stop length. A perception test showed that this sound change in progress also affects perception. We argue for a contact-induced change which is triggered by external as opposed to internal factors.

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Salffner, Sophie. "Final nasal consonants and nasalised vowels in Ikaan." SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 16 (June 7, 2013): 311–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14418929.

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In the origin of nasal vowels, nasal consonants are said to play a major role. In early work, Ferguson (1966: 59) traces nasal vowels back to the loss of a nasal consonant. Greenberg (1966: 508-9) refines this position, adding that in the historical development nasality first spreads from a following nasal consonant to a preceding oral vowel. In a second step, the nasal consonant is deleted leaving a nasal vowel

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Lofqvist, Anders. "Consonant duration and vowel‐to‐vowel coarticulation in Japanese." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 5 (2007): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4782277.

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Freyman, Richard L., and G. Patrick Nerbonne. "The Importance of Consonant-Vowel Intensity Ratio in the Intelligibility of Voiceless Consonants." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 3 (1989): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3203.524.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which variations in the consonant-vowel (C-V) intensity ratio could account for variations in speech intelligibility among the productions of 10 talkers. Fifty normal-hearing individuals listened in noise to syllables consisting of voiceless consonants followed by the vowel // under three conditions in which: (a) C-V ratio varied naturally as produced by the talkers, and the stimuli were calibrated according to vowel intensity; (b) C-V ratios were increased and equated via digital signal processing; and (c) C-V ratios were unmodified, but the syllables were calibrated according to consonant level rather than vowel level. Results indicated that variations in C-V ratio explained a great deal of the variation in the intelligibility of some consonants (/s, ∫, t∫/) but not others (the voiceless stops). This difference may well be due to differences in audibility between the two groups of consonants when they are presented at similar consonant-to-noise ratios. The majority of the data suggest that the importance of C-V ratio is related to the intensity of consonants but is independent of the ratio per se between consonant and vowel levels.

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KISSLING, ELIZABETH M. "Cross-linguistic differences in the immediate serial recall of consonants versus vowels." Applied Psycholinguistics 33, no. 3 (2011): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271641100049x.

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ABSTRACTThe current study investigated native English and native Arabic speakers’ phonological short-term memory for sequences of consonants and vowels. Phonological short-term memory was assessed in immediate serial recall tasks conducted in Arabic and English for both groups. Participants (n= 39) heard series of six consonant–vowel syllables and wrote down what they recalled. Native speakers of English recalled the vowel series better than consonant series in English and in Arabic, which was not true of native Arabic speakers. An analysis of variance showed that there was an interaction between first language and phoneme type. The results are discussed in light of current research on consonant and vowel processing.

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Shollenbarger, Amy J., Gregory C. Robinson, Valentina Taran, and Seo-eun Choi. "How African American English-Speaking First Graders Segment and Rhyme Words and Nonwords With Final Consonant Clusters." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 48, no. 4 (2017): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_lshss-16-0062.

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Purpose This study explored how typically developing 1st grade African American English (AAE) speakers differ from mainstream American English (MAE) speakers in the completion of 2 common phonological awareness tasks (rhyming and phoneme segmentation) when the stimulus items were consonant–vowel–consonant–consonant (CVCC) words and nonwords. Method Forty-nine 1st graders met criteria for 2 dialect groups: AAE and MAE. Three conditions were tested in each rhyme and segmentation task: Real Words No Model, Real Words With a Model, and Nonwords With a Model. Results The AAE group had significantly more responses that rhymed CVCC words with consonant–vowel–consonant words and segmented CVCC words as consonant–vowel–consonant than the MAE group across all experimental conditions. In the rhyming task, the presence of a model in the real word condition elicited more reduced final cluster responses for both groups. In the segmentation task, the MAE group was at ceiling, so only the AAE group changed across the different stimulus presentations and reduced the final cluster less often when given a model. Conclusion Rhyming and phoneme segmentation performance can be influenced by a child's dialect when CVCC words are used.

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Stern, Michael C., and Jason A. Shaw. "Investigating speech articulatory control through dynamical model fitting." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 4_Supplement (2024): A48—A49. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035064.

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Dynamical models of speech articulation link the continuous trajectories of articulators with stable parameters of phonological knowledge (e.g., Browman & Goldstein, 1989). We examined the fit of a recently proposed dynamical model (Stern & Shaw, 2024) to electromagnetic articulography (EMA) recordings of twelve English speakers and twelve Mandarin speakers. While fits to (labial) consonant constrictions were excellent (mean R 2 = .97), fits to consonant release movements and vowel constrictions were slightly worse (mean R 2 = .91 and.89, respectively). We explore two implications of this result. (1) Consonant release and vowel constriction target achievement may be coordinated in time, unlike consonant constriction target achievement (Kramer et al., 2023). The addition of a coupling term may improve model fit, constituting evidence for target-based gestural coordination in speech (Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel, 2020). (2) Vowel constriction movements may be governed by two separate tasks, one controlling constriction location and one controlling constriction degree (Saltzman & Munhall, 1989). Model fit may be improved by separating vowel constriction dynamics into two systems, shedding light on the dimensionality of articulatory control.

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Shuster, Linda I. "Motor-Motor Adaptation to Speech: Further Investigations." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 1 (1990): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.1.275.

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The two experiments described in this paper were designed to investigate further the phenomenon called motor-motor adaptation. In the first investigation, subjects were adapted while noise was presented through headphones, which prevented them from hearing themselves. In the second experiment, subjects repeated an isolated vowel, as well as a consonant-vowel syllable which contained a stop consonant. The findings indicated that motor-motor adaptation is not a product of perceptual adaptation, and it is not a result of subjects producing longer voice onset times after adaptation to a voiced consonant rather than shorter voice onset times after adaptation to a voiceless consonant.

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Mielke, Jeff. "Visualizing phonetic segment frequencies with density-equalizing maps." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 2 (2017): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000123.

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A method is demonstrated for creating density-equalizing maps of IPA consonant and vowel charts, where the size of a cell in the chart reflects information such as the crosslinguistic frequency of the consonant or vowel. Transforming the IPA charts in such a way allows the visualization of interactions between phonetic features. Density-equalizing maps are used to illustrate a range of facts about consonant and vowel inventories, including the frequency of consonants and vowels and the frequency of common diacritics, and to illustrate the frequency of deletion and epenthesis involving particular consonants and vowels. Solutions are proposed for issues involving genealogical sampling, counting pairs of very similar phones, and counting diacritics in relation to basic symbols.

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LANDERL, KARIN. "Categorization of vowel length in German poor spellers: An orthographically relevant phonological distinction." Applied Psycholinguistics 24, no. 4 (2003): 523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716403000262.

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In an orally presented vowel length categorization task with both word and nonword stimuli, a group of 10-year-old German-speaking poor spellers performed less accurately and consistently slower than a group of normal spellers of the same age. The poor spellers' level of performance was comparable to that of a group of 8-year-old inexperienced spellers. In an experimental design, the influence of the phonological characteristics of the preceding and succeeding consonant on children's decisions about vowel length was examined. The type of onset had hardly any effect whereas the offset consonant had a marked influence. It is concluded that vowel length categorization is associated with the ability to mark vowel length in spelling. Vowel length predicts but is not sufficient to explain difficulties in orthographically correct spelling of vowel length.

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Clinard, Christopher G., and Kelly L. Tremblay. "Aging Degrades the Neural Encoding of Simple and Complex Sounds in the Human Brainstem." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 07 (2013): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.7.7.

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Background: Older adults, with or without normal peripheral hearing sensitivity, have difficulty understanding speech. This impaired speech perception may, in part, be due to desynchronization affecting the neural representation of acoustic features. Here we determine if phase-locked neural activity generating the brainstem frequency-following response (FFR) exhibits age-related desynchronization and how this degradation affects the neural representation of simple and complex sounds. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the effects of age on the neural representation of simple tones and complex consonant-vowel stimuli, (2) determine if sustained and transient components of the FFR are differentially affected by age, and (3) determine if the inability to encode a simple signal predicts degradation in representation for complex speech signals. Research Design: Correlational Study Sample: Thirty four adults (aged 22–77 yr) with hearing thresholds falling within normal limits. Data Collection and Analysis: Stimuli used to evoke FFRs were 1000 Hz tone bursts as well as a consonant-vowel /da/ sound. Results: The neural representation of simple (tone) and complex (/da/) stimuli declines with advancing age. Tone-FFR phase coherence decreased as chronological age increased. For the consonant-vowel FFRs, transient onset and offset response amplitudes were smaller, and offset responses were delayed with age. Sustained responses at the onset of vowel periodicity were prolonged in latency and smaller in amplitude as age increased. FFT amplitude of the consonant-vowel FFR fundamental frequency did not significantly decline with increasing age. The ability to encode a simple signal was related to degradation in the neural representation of a complex, speechlike sound. Tone-FFR phase coherence was significantly related to the later vowel response components but not the earlier vowel components. Conclusions: FFR components representing the tone and consonant-vowel /da/ stimulus were negatively affected by age, showing age-related reductions in response synchrony and amplitude, as well as prolonged latencies. These aging effects were evident in middle age, even in the absence of significant hearing loss.

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Kiefte, Michael. "Modeling vowel-inherent spectral change in varying consonant context." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027024.

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A wide variety of experimental evidence has shown that vowel inherent spectral change (VISC) is important in vowel identification. This evidence is drawn from production data, statistical pattern recognition, and perceptual experiments with both synthetic or manipulated naturally produced speech. Experimental studies often consider vowels in a constant consonant context which makes it difficult to factor out context effects from the VISC itself. In order to examine the magnitude of these consonant effects, we developed a statistical procedure inspired by Broad and Clermont [(2014). J. Phon. 47, 47–80] in which vowel formant frequencies are approximated by a linear combination of vowel and consonant influences which vary as a function of time. Vowels extracted from a database of both spontaneous and read speech were analyzed to produce context-normalized vowel-formant tracks. Results show that vowel formant frequencies vary systematically across their duration in both spontaneous and read speech and that all consonants in both onset and coda position show significant effects on vowel production across their entire duration. Although these formant patterns are seemingly complex, perceptual evidence suggests that listeners may only attend to onsets and offsets and that deviations from a straight-line interpolation between onset and offset must be relatively large for listeners to discriminate them.

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S.K. Adhikari. "Effect of Aspiration on Vowel Duration for Voice and Voiceless Unaspirated (Garhwali Hindi) Consonants." BMC Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v2i1.42725.

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In this paper, an attempt has been made to study of Vowel durations for voice and voiceless unaspirated consonant. An experiment is described to study vowel duration of 10 vowels (Garhwali Hindi) with different unaspirated consonants. Ten Garhwali vowels word in /CVC/ syllables as spoken three times by ten males and ten females Garhwali speakers were recorded in system in the free field of partially acoustically treated room. SFS/PRRAT software is used to digitize and analyze the data. Linear predictive coding (LPC) spectra were obtained for each of vowels and vowel duration was measured. Then we found that vowel duration of voice unaspirated consonant is greater than voiceless unaspirated consonants.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Consonant-vowel'

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