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Academic literature on the topic 'Consonants and vowels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Consonants and vowels"

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Bessell, Nicola J. "Local and non-local consonant–vowel interaction in Interior Salish." Phonology 15, no. 1 (August 1998): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675798003510.

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Local consonant–vowel (C–V) interaction is attested in many languages, both as a phonetic and as a phonological process. There can be a clear developmental relationship between the two, with phonologisation of phonetic interaction occurring quite commonly (Hyman 1976, Ohala 1981). Thus, a common (historical) context for nasal vowels is an adjacent nasal consonant. When consonants trigger non-local effects (i.e. when the domain of the consonantal feature extends beyond adjacent segments), typically both vowels and consonants are targeted. For example, in consonant-induced nasal or emphasis harmony all segments in the harmony domain usually take the consonantal feature. If some segments are neutral, targets still include both consonants and vowels.

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New, Boris, Verónica Araújo, and Thierry Nazzi. "Differential Processing of Consonants and Vowels in Lexical Access Through Reading." Psychological Science 19, no. 12 (December 2008): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02228.x.

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Do consonants and vowels have the same importance during reading? Recently, it has been proposed that consonants play a more important role than vowels for language acquisition and adult speech processing. This proposal has started receiving developmental support from studies showing that infants are better at processing specific consonantal than vocalic information while learning new words. This proposal also received support from adult speech processing. In our study, we directly investigated the relative contributions of consonants and vowels to lexical access while reading by using a visual masked-priming lexical decision task. Test items were presented following four different primes: identity (e.g., for the word joli, joli), unrelated ( vabu), consonant-related ( jalu), and vowel-related ( vobi). Priming was found for the identity and consonant-related conditions, but not for the vowel-related condition. These results establish the privileged role of consonants during lexical access while reading.

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Teeranon, Phanintra. "Initial Consanant Voicing Perturbation of the Fundamental Frequency of Oral Vowels and Nasal Vowels: A Controversial Case from Ban Doi Pwo Karen." MANUSYA 15, no. 2 (2012): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01502003.

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This paper aims to analyze the acoustic characteristics of initial consonant voicing perturbation of the fundamental frequency of oral vowels and nasal vowels of Ban Doi Pwo Karen. Three age groups of informants were selected: over-sixty years old (>60), middle aged (35-45), and under-twenty years old (<20). The acoustic analysis method was employed to analyze the mean vowel duration (msec), mean vowel amplitude (dB), and mean vowel fundamental frequency (Hz). The results show that voiceless initial consonants tend to cause a lower fundamental frequency than that of the voiced initial consonants. This has excited controversy concerning the tonogenesis theory of initial voicing perturbation on vowels. However, it was later found that the vowels followed by voiceless initial consonants were breathy and it was the voice register of vowels that caused the low fundamental frequency values. In contrast to other studies, the nasal vowels were not always higher in fundamental frequency when compared to oral vowels. In all age groups, nasal vowels following either voiceless or voiced consonants were found to be higher in fundamental frequency than oral vowels, except in the younger age group where the fundamental frequency of nasal vowels following voiced consonants was lower than that of the oral vowels following voiced consonants.

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Michaud, Alexis, Guillaume Jacques, and Robert L. Rankin. "Historical transfer of nasality between consonantal onset and vowel." Diachronica 29, no. 2 (June 8, 2012): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.2.04mic.

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Comparative data from several language families show that nasality can be transferred between a syllable-initial consonant cluster and the following vowel. The cases reported to date are summarized, and a new analysis is proposed for a set of Sino-Tibetan data. The evolution appears to go in both directions: from the consonantal onset to the following vowel in Tai-Kadai, Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Niger-Congo (Kwa) and Indo-European (Celtic), and from the vowel to the preceding consonant in Siouan. However, an examination of the conditions on these changes brings out an asymmetry. In most cases, transfers of nasality take place from a consonantal onset to a following vowel; the instances we found of a regular change in the opposite direction all come from languages where there is one of the following restrictions on nasal sounds: (i) nasal consonants are nonphonemic (contextually predictable), or (ii) the opposition between nasal and oral vowels is neutralized after nasal consonants (in favor of nasal vowels).

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Kerdpol, Karnthida, Volker Dellwo, and Mathias Jenny. "Phonetic Sources of Sound Change: The Influence of Thai on Nasality in Pwo Karen." MANUSYA 19, no. 1 (2016): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01901003.

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The phonetic realization of nasal vowels produced by Pwo speakers of different ages can vary. The present study investigated mid and low nasal vowels of Pwo speakers from Mae Hong Son province, Thailand. Due to the higher tendency of language contact with Thai, the younger group’s nasal vowels were expected to lose more nasality than the older group. The emergence of final nasal consonants was also expected in the younger group. The nasalization duration and consonant duration of both groups were analyzed. The results showed that, regardless of age, mid nasal vowels of some speakers had final nasal consonants, while low nasal vowels of all speakers did not. Furthermore, the older group had both longer nasalization duration and consonant duration than the younger group, suggesting their higher tendency to preserve nasality. The younger group had shorter nasalization duration and consonant duration, indicating the loss of nasality in vowels without compensatory final nasal consonants. The change might be due to the vowel quality. High vowels were fully denasalized with no compensatory final nasal consonants. Mid vowels were nasalized with the emergence of final nasal consonants. Low vowels remained nasalized without final nasal consonants. We could not confirm that the emergence of final nasal consonants was induced by Thai because it occurred in both groups. The existence of final nasal consonants in the younger group could not be used as evidence of an effect of contact.

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Wang, Jun, Jordan R. Green, Ashok Samal, and Yana Yunusova. "Articulatory Distinctiveness of Vowels and Consonants: A Data-Driven Approach." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, no. 5 (October 2013): 1539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0030).

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Purpose To quantify the articulatory distinctiveness of 8 major English vowels and 11 English consonants based on tongue and lip movement time series data using a data-driven approach. Method Tongue and lip movements of 8 vowels and 11 consonants from 10 healthy talkers were collected. First, classification accuracies were obtained using 2 complementary approaches: (a) Procrustes analysis and (b) a support vector machine. Procrustes distance was then used to measure the articulatory distinctiveness among vowels and consonants. Finally, the distance (distinctiveness) matrices of different vowel pairs and consonant pairs were used to derive articulatory vowel and consonant spaces using multidimensional scaling. Results Vowel classification accuracies of 91.67% and 89.05% and consonant classification accuracies of 91.37% and 88.94% were obtained using Procrustes analysis and a support vector machine, respectively. Articulatory vowel and consonant spaces were derived based on the pairwise Procrustes distances. Conclusions The articulatory vowel space derived in this study resembled the long-standing descriptive articulatory vowel space defined by tongue height and advancement. The articulatory consonant space was consistent with feature-based classification of English consonants. The derived articulatory vowel and consonant spaces may have clinical implications, including serving as an objective measure of the severity of articulatory impairment.

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Fejes, László. "Erzya stem-internal vowel-consonant harmony: A new approach." Acta Linguistica Academica 68, no. 1-2 (July 24, 2021): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2062.2021.00466.

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AbstractAlthough Erzya harmony is discussed as a kind of vowel harmony traditionally, suffix alternations show that there is a close interaction between consonants and vowels, therefore we should speak about a consonant-vowel harmony. This paper demonstrates that the palatalizedness of the consonants and the frontness of the vowels are also strongly connected inside stems: first syllable front vowels are quite rare after word-initial non-palatalized dentals but are dominant after palatalized ones; first syllable back vowels are dominantly followed by non-palatalized dentals, while the latter are very rare after front vowels.

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Tambovtsev, Yuri A. "The Consonantal Coefficient in Selected Languages." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 30, no. 2 (1985): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100010884.

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In this paper, the consonantal coefficient is defined as the ratio of consonants to vowels occurring in continuous spoken texts in any one language. The vowel coefficient is the reciprocal, i.e. the ratio of vowels to consonants in the same type of texts. For example, if a text consisted of all vowels and no consonants, the value of the consonantal coefficient would be zero. The vocalic coefficient would theoretically be infinity, but no comparison could actually be made. Similarly, in a text that was all consonants and no vowels, the values would be reversed. In a text in which the number of vowels and consonants was equal, the value of both the consonantal coefficient and the vocalic coefficient would be 1, or unity. The use of the coefficient gives us a method for the classification of languages that can be of use in typological studies, just as the coefficient of stem to inflection or vice-versa can give us another index for typological classification.

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Canalis, Stefano, and Furkan Dikmen. "Turkish palatalized consonants." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v5i1.4781.

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This study aims to explore the nature of consonant-final Turkish roots that select suffixes with front vowels despite having a back vowel in their final syllable, thus seemingly violating palatal harmony. While there is little controversy that final laterals in such roots are palatalized, opinions vary about the phonetic and phonological nature of the other final consonants. We want to argue that all word-final (or occasionally penultimate) consonants of these roots are palatalized, and that this palatalization is the underlying cause of ‘disharmony’. The phonetic evidence supporting our claims comes from an experiment in which we matched 12 irregular roots with their regular counterparts and asked 10 native speakers of Turkish to read these words. We found that, compared to ‘regular’ roots ending with a plain consonant, the final consonants of ‘irregular’ roots have a significantly higher F2. The last vowels of ‘irregular’ roots were also found to have a somewhat higher F2 than the last vowels of ‘regular’ roots at their offset, but the difference fairly rapidly decreases at vowel midpoint, and at vowel onset F2 values are very similar in both ‘regular’ and ‘irregular’ roots. These combined results suggest that the final consonant of the ‘irregular’ roots has an underlying palatal secondary articulation, while fronting in the preceding vowels is likely due to co-articulation.

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Esposito, Christina M., Sameer ud Dowla Khan, Kelly H. Berkson, and Max Nelson. "Distinguishing breathy consonants and vowels in Gujarati." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 6, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 215–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2019-2011.

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AbstractAcross languages, the acoustic and articulatory correlates of breathiness are similar whether they are associated with consonants or with vowels. This raises the question of whether breathy consonants are confusable with breathy vowels in languages in which a phonemically breathy vowel contrasts with a phonemically modal vowel that follows a breathy-aspirated consonant, e. g. Gujarati /ba̤ɾ/ ‘outside’ vs. /bʱaɾ/ ‘burden’, respectively. We investigate the perception of a minimal triplet of Gujarati words, with a breathy vowel vs. a breathy consonant vs. an all-modal sequence, via three tasks: free-sort, AX discrimination, and picture-matching identification. Results across the three tasks indicate that breathiness is indeed confusable across the association types. Specifically, while listeners do recognize the stronger breathiness in vowels following breathy consonants, they are not necessarily able to determine whether that breathiness is associated with the vowel or the consonant. Furthermore, they do not reliably recognize the subtler breathiness of breathy vowels, which often indicates that they are the same as or an acceptable realization of an all-modal sequence (/baɾ/ ‘twelve’). This suggests a potential perceptual merger in Gujarati, despite previously-reported evidence of a robust three-way contrast in production.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consonants and vowels"

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Hajek, John. "The interrelationship between vowels and nasal consonants : a case study in Northern Italian." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334252.

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Monte, Ordoño Julia 1989. "Neural mechanisms of abstract rule changes in speech : exploring phonologic and attentional constraints." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664264.

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L’extracció de regles de la parla és crucial per a l’adquisició del llenguatge. La present dissertació estudia el mecanisme d’aprenentatge de regles explorant com el cervell detecta regularitats rellevants dins del senyal lingüístic. Per tal de donar resposta a aquesta pregunta he seguit tres línies de recerca. En primer lloc m’he centrat en la detecció de canvis, tant superficials com estructurals, de les regles lingüístiques. Mitjançant l’estudi dels potencials evocats, aquesta primera línia explora les respostes neuronals desencadenades després d’una violació estructural. En segon lloc, he estudiat els efectes de la manipulació fonètica amb la intenció de descobrir si les respostes neuronals associades a l’aprenentatge de regles varien quan aquestes s’implementen sobre les vocals o sobre les consonants. És a dir, m’he centrat en avaluar com les diverses categories fonètiques poden donar lloc a respostes neuronals diverses. En tercer lloc, he explorat la detecció de regles en un context d’aprenentatge heterogeni per tal d’observar com poden ser descobertes les regles abstractes dins d’un senyal sorollós. En conjunt, els resultats obtinguts mostren que la manipulació d’ambdós factors, tant de les pistes fonològiques com del context d’aprenentatge, modula el procés d’extracció de regles. Més específicament, aquestes manipulacions podrien alterar les fonts d’informació que es prioritzen durant el processament de la parla. Finalment, la presència d’una pista diferenciadora del senyal (com les diferències en la freqüència d’aparició de diverses regles) podria facilitar el processament de múltiples sistemes estructurals dins d’un input lingüístic.
The extraction of abstract rules from speech is paramount for language acquisition. The present dissertation explores the processing of linguistic rules by studying how our brain discovers the relevant abstract regularities in the signal. In order to tackle this question I followed three lines of research. First I focused on the detection of surface and structural changes of speech rules that I explored using an ERP approach. The objective was to understand the neural responses that are triggered after abstract rule violations in speech. Second, I studied the effects of the phoneme manipulations. The aim was to discover whether the ERP signatures linked to rule learning differ when the target regularity is implemented over consonants or over vowels. That is, I focused on exploring how different phonetic categories might trigger different neural responses to rule violations. And third, I explored the detection of rules from a heterogeneous context studying how abstract rules might be discovered over a noisy signal. Overall, the results we observed suggest that the manipulation of both the phonologic cues and the context of learning modulate the rule extraction process. More specifically, the present dissertation shows that both the task presented to the listeners and the phonemic cues present in the signal affect the selection of relevant sources of information from the speech. Even more, the experiments reported here show that the presence of a clear differentiating cue in the signal (such as the frequency unbalance across rules), might enhance the processing of different rule systems from the speech input.

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Foresti, Carlet Angélica. "L2 perception and production of English consonants and vowels by Catalan speakers: The effects of attention and training task in a cross-training study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403758.

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Este estudio compara el efecto de dos métodos de entrenamiento de alta variabilidad fonética o ‘high variability phonetic training’ (HVPT) sobre sonidos específicamente entrenados y sobre sonidos no entrenados pero implícitamente presentados. Con este fin, se implementan diversos regímenes de entrenamiento fonético cuyo objetivo es mejorar la percepción y la producción de 5 vocales del inglés británico (/i ɪ æ ʌ ɜː/) y de las consonantes oclusivas en posición inicial y final de palabra por hablantes bilingües de catalán y castellano. Así, este estudio investiga: (a) si el entrenamiento fonético recibido puede mejorar la percepción y la producción de segmentos entrenados y no entrenados, (b) si la mejora se generaliza a nuevos estímulos y hablantes, (c) si la mejora se mantiene un tiempo después, (d) qué método de entrenamiento, identificación (ID) o discriminación categórica (DIS) es más eficaz, y (e) cuáles son las impresiones de los participantes sobre el entrenamiento fonético como una herramienta de instrucción fonética. Cien estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera fueron divididos en cuatro grupos experimentales y un grupo de control. Los grupos entrenados diferían tanto en método de entrenamiento (ID, DIS) como en el enfoque del entrenamiento (consonantes, vocales) dando lugar a cuatro grupos diferentes. Crucialmente, los cuatro grupos fueron entrenados con los mismos estímulos CVC (por ejemplo, zat, zut, zad, zud), exponiendo a los participantes a los contrastes fonéticos entrenados y a los contrastes fonéticos no entrenados. Los resultados revelan que todos los grupos experimentales superaron significativamente al grupo de control en su identificación de sonidos entrenados (vocales y consonantes oclusivas en posición inicial), mostrando la eficacia de ambas metodologías de entrenamiento fonético (ID y AX DIS). Sin embargo, mientras que ambos grupos experimentales mejoran su percepción de las oclusivas iniciales de manera similar, los aprendices de ID superan a los aprendices de DIS en la percepción de vocales específicamente entrenadas después del entrenamiento fonético. Estos resultados sugieren que la modificación de la percepción de los diferentes tipos de segmentos (vocales, consonantes) puede requerir diferentes procedimientos y duraciones de entrenamiento distintas. Curiosamente, sólo los aprendices de DIS mostraron una mejora significativa en la percepción de los sonidos no específicamente entrenados, lo que indica que este método de entrenamiento puede proporcionar mejoras en la percepción de sonidos entrenados y sonidos no entrenados pero implícitamente presentados. En cuanto a la generalización y a la retención de los efectos del entrenamiento, los resultados con sonidos vocálicos apuntan a la superioridad de la tarea de ID sobre la tarea categórica de DIS. Además, ambos métodos son adecuados para entrenar consonantes iniciales de manera similar. Con respecto a la producción, sólo los aprendices de ID entrenados en vocales fueron capaces de mejorar significativamente su producción de los sonidos vocálicos. Por último, las opiniones de los estudiantes acerca del entrenamiento fonético como una herramienta de enseñanza de L2 fueron en general positivas, e ID fue más valorado que DIS como un método de formación. Globalmente, estos resultados sugieren que ambos métodos son efectivos para entrenar la percepción de una L2. Sin embargo, los métodos pueden promover mejoras, generalización y retención de los distintos segmentos en diferentes grados. Los mejores resultados obtenidos con el método ID, en particular con las vocales, y el hecho de que sólo el método DIS proporcione la mejora de sonidos no entrenados pueden estar relacionados con la naturaleza y el fin de cada metodología y/o con las propiedades acústicas de cada segmento. Las consecuencias teóricas y prácticas de estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad para futuros trabajos de investigación y aplicaciones prácticas de aprendizaje de la pronunciación.
This study compares the effect of two high variability phonetic training (HVPT) methods on specifically attended sounds and on implicitly exposed but unattended sounds. Several training regimes are implemented aimed at improving the perception and production of a subset of English vowels (/i ɪ æ ʌ ɜː/) and initial and final stops by Spanish/Catalan bilingual learners of English. Thus this study addresses the following questions: (a) whether training can improve the perception and production of trained as well as untrained segments, (b) whether improvement generalizes to novel stimuli and talkers, (c) if improvement is retained over time, (d) which training method (Identification (ID) or categorical Discrimination (DIS)) is more effective, and (e) what are the participants’ impressions of phonetic training as a L2 training tool. A total of 100 bilingual Catalan/Spanish learners of English were divided into four experimental groups and a control group and were tested on their identification of English sounds presented in CVC non-words before and after a five-week training period, and two months later. L2 production was assessed before and immediately after training through a picture naming task and analysed by means of native speaker judgments. The trained groups differed either in terms of training method (ID, DIS) or focus of training (consonants, vowels), resulting in four different groups. Crucially, all four groups were trained with the same sets of CVC non-words (e.g. zat, zut, zad, zud), exposing learners to attended contrasts within trials and to unattended contrasts across trials. The results reveal that all experimental groups significantly outperform the controls in their identification of trained sounds (vowels and initial stops), showing the efficacy of both phonetic training methodologies (ID and categorical AX DIS). However, while both experimental groups perform similarly when modifying initial stop perception, the ID trainees outperform the DIS trainees on trained vowel perception. These results suggest that modifying the perception of different types of segments might require different training procedures and amounts of training time. Interestingly, only the DIS trainees show a significant improvement in the perception of untrained/unattended L2 sounds, indicating that this training method may be more suited to enhance learners’ perception of attended as well as unattended target sounds. Regarding generalization and retention, the results point to the superiority of the ID task over a categorical DIS task when training vowel sounds. Moreover, the results indicate that both methods are well suited for training initial consonants to the same extent. With respect to production, only the vowel ID trainees are able to significantly improve their production of trained sounds, which shows that pronunciation improvement might take place as a result of an identification perceptual training regime, even in the absence of production training. Finally, students’ opinions of phonetic training as an EFL tool are overall positive and ID is favoured over DIS as a training method. Globally, these findings suggest that while both methods are effective for training L2 perception, ID and DIS methods may promote improvement, generalization and retention for vowels and for consonants to different degrees. The better results obtained with ID training, particularly for vowels, and the fact that only DIS promoted improvement with untrained sounds (cross-training effects) may be related to the nature and focus of the tasks and/or to the acoustic characteristics of the target sounds. These results may have implications for future research on phonetic training and practical applications in the teaching of L2 pronunciation.

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Hunyady, Heather A. "The relative amplitude of vowel formants for vowels in asymmetrical consonant contexts." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6578.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains vii, 29 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-29). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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Ao, Benjamin Xiaoping. "Phonetics and phonology of Nantong Chinese." Connect to this title online, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1105384417.

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Bouchon, Camillia. "Asymétrie fonctionnelle entre consonnes et voyelles de la naissance à l'âge de 6 mois : données d'imagerie cérébrale et de comportement." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H119.

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Consonnes et voyelles sont les deux catégories de sons qui composent la parole. Elles se distinguent à divers niveaux et notamment servent des fonctions linguistiques différentes. Cette asymétrie consonne/voyelle établie chez les adultes, a conduit Nespor, Peña et Mehler (2003) à suggérer un partage du travail dès la naissance, les consonnes facilitant l'acquisition des mots tandis que les voyelles aideraient à apprendre les règles de grammaire. La validité développementale de cette hypothèse est explorée par l'étude de ses origines chez les bébés français. Premièrement, nos études d'imagerie cérébrale optique montrent que consonnes et voyelles sont également traitées par les mécanismes précurseurs de l'apprentissage syntaxique à la naissance (Exp. 1 - 3). Deuxièmement, nos études sur la reconnaissance du prénom chez les enfants de 5 mois montrent une sensibilité à une modification vocalique (Alix/Elix) chez les bébés monolingues, mais pas à une modification consonantique en position initiale (Victor/Zictor) chez les bébés monolingues et bilingues, ou finale chez les monolingues (Luca/Luga; Exp. 4 - 9). Au stade des premiers mots, le traitement lexical privilégie donc les voyelles. Nos résultats contribuent à la compréhension des origines développementales de l'asymétrie fonctionnelle consonne/voyelle, et du rôle spécifique de la langue native dans son émergence
Speech is composed of two categories of sound, i.e. consonants and vowels, which have different properties and serve different linguistic functions. This consonant/vowel asymmetry, which is established in adults, has led Nespor, Peña and Mehler (2003) to suggest a division of labor present from birth, whereby consonants would facilitate lexical acquisition while vowels would help to learn grammatical rules of language. We have explored the developmental validity of this hypothesis by studying its origins in French-learning infants. First, our optical brain imaging studies show that both consonants and vowels provide input for precursory mechanisms of syntax processing (Exp. 1 - 3). Secondly, our studies on own-name recognition at 5 months demonstrate sensitivity to a vowel mispronunciation in monolingual infants (Alix/Elix), but fail to show a reaction to a consonant mispronunciation in initial position (Victor/Zictor) for monolinguals and bilinguals, or in final position (Luca/Luga) for monolinguals (Exp. 4 - 9). Thus, vowels are a better input for lexical processing in first familiar words. Our results contribute to the understanding of the developmental origin of consonant/vowel functional asymmetry, hence the influence of the native input on its emergence

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Anderson, Stephanie. "Vowel-Consonant Interaction in Madurese." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227267.

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Madurese, a Malayo-Polynesian language, is of particular interest to theories of vowel harmony and feature geometry because of the interaction of consonants with vowels, and the problem of representing both transparent and opaque segments within the same language. Vowels divide into two sets, occuring exclusively after each of two sets of consonants. Isolation of this process is somewhat complicated by loan words showing no alternation or containing non -native vowels or consonants. In this paper I will examine vowel- consonant interaction in native Madurese words. All data are from H.N. Kiliaan (1904), Madoereesch- Nederlandsch Woordenboek. and Stevens (1968), Madurese Phonology and Morphology, along with additional data from Stevens (1980), "Formative Boundary in Phonological Rules."

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Miyashita, Mizuki. "Sequential Grounding and Consonant-Vowel Interaction." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311827.

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Carden, Kelly Ann. "Vowel-consonant interaction in two dialects of Mandarin." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2053.

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The goal of this thesis is to provide a detailed description and analysis of vowel-consonant interaction in Mandarin. Vowel-consonant interactions in Mandarin have been described and analyzed in the literature, but there is little agreement on the exact nature of the interactions, and no acoustic studies have been done to confirm impressionistic transcriptions. The data and analysis in this thesis show that vowel-consonant interaction is extensive in both Northern and Southwestern Mandarin, but the nature and degree of the interactions varies based on vowel, context (onset vs. coda), and dialect. In this thesis, I provide an acoustic analysis and a theoretical account of vowel-consonant interactions in two different dialects of Mandarin that vary in their degree of interaction: the Northern dialect of eastern Hebei (similar to the Beijing dialect) and the Southwestern dialect of northeast Sichuan. The data analyzed was collected from native speakers of both dialects at Sichuan Normal University in Chengdu, and the analysis focuses on comparisons of the F1 and F2 of vowels in various onset and coda contexts. The theoretical account attempts to determine whether vowel-consonant interaction in Mandarin is best classified as a phonological process (e.g. assimilation) or a phonetic process (e.g. co-articulation). I explore possible analyses of the data under multiple theoretical frameworks, including serial rule-based phonology and Optimality Theory (OT), and compare the effectiveness of these analyses to a co-articulation account. Traditionally, sound change phenomena are assumed to be either phonological or phonetic in nature. However, a detailed examination of the data collected reveals an unexpectedly large variety of vowel-consonant interaction effects. The effects range from subtle coarticulatory adjustments that can only be detected instrumentally to large magnitude differences that can be represented by a change in phonological features. The results of this study show that vowel-consonant interaction in Mandarin is even more extensive than previously documented, and that the line between phonetic and phonological processes may be more arbitrary than we like to believe.

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Houidhek, Amal. "Synthèse paramétrique de la parole Arabe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0116.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’adaptation de la synthèse paramétrique de la parole à partir d’un texte écrit à la langue arabe. Pour ce faire, différentes méthodes ont été développées afin de mettre en place des systèmes de synthèse. Ces méthodes sont basées sur une description du signal de parole par un ensemble de paramètres acoustiques et prosodiques. De même, chaque son est représenté par un ensemble de descripteurs contextuels contenant toutes les informations affectant la prononciation de celui-ci. Une partie de ces descripteurs dépend de la langue et de ses particularités, ainsi, afin d'adapter l’approche de synthèse paramétrique à l’arabe, une étude des particularités phonologiques de l’arabe était nécessaire. L’accent a été mis sur deux phénomènes : la gémination et la longueur des voyelles (courte/longue). Deux descripteurs associés à ces deux phénomènes ont été ajoutés à l’ensemble des descripteurs contextuels. De même, différentes approches de choix des unités ont été proposées pour modéliser les consonnes géminées et les voyelles longues. Quatre combinaisons de modélisation sont possibles en alternant la différentiation ou la fusion des consonnes simples et géminées d’une part et des voyelles courtes et longues d’autres part. Un ensemble des tests perceptifs et objectifs a été conduit afin d’évaluer l’effet des quatre approches de modélisation des unités sur la qualité de la parole synthétisée. Les évaluations ont été faites dans le cas de synthèse paramétrique par HMM (Hidden Markov Model) puis dans le cas de la synthèse paramétrique par DNN. Les résultats subjectifs sont montrés que dans le cas de l’approche par HMM, les quatre approches produisent des signaux de qualité similaire, une conclusion qui a été confirmée par les mesures objectives calculées pour évaluer la prédiction des durées des unités de parole. Cependant, les résultats des évaluations objectives dans le cas de l’approche par DNN ont montré que la différentiation des consonnes simples (respectivement des voyelles courtes) des consonnes géminées (respectivement des voyelles longues) permet d’avoir une prédiction des durées légèrement meilleure qu’avec les autres des approches de modélisation. En revanche, cette amélioration n’a pas été perçue lors des tests perceptifs ; les participants ont trouvé que les signaux générés par les quatre approches sont similaires en termes de qualité globale. Une dernière partie de la thèse a été consacrée à la comparaison de l’approche de synthèse par HMM à celle par DNN. L’ensemble des tests conduits ont montré que l’utilisation des DNN a amélioré la qualité perçue des signaux générés
The presented thesis deals with the adaptation of the conversion of a written text into speech using a parametric approach to the Arabic language. Different methods have been developed in order to set up synthesis systems. These methods are based on a description of the speech signal by a set of parameters. Besides, each sound is represented by a set of contextual features containing all the information affecting the pronunciation of this sound. Part of these features depend on the language and its peculiarities, so in order to adapt the parametric synthesis approach to Arabic, a study of its phonological peculiarities wasneeded. Two phenomena were identified : the gemination and the vowels quantity (short/ long). Two features associated to these phenomena have been added to the contextual features set. In the same way, different approaches have been proposed to model The geminated consonants and the long vowels of the speech units. Four combinations of modeling are possible : alternating the differentiation or fusion of simple and geminated consonants on the one hand and short and long vowels on the other hand. A set of perceptual and objective tests was conducted to evaluate the effect of the fourunit modelling approaches on the quality of the generated speech. The evaluations were made in the case of parametric synthesis by HMM then in the case of parametric synthesisby DNN. The subjective results showed that when the HMM approach is used, the four approaches produce signals with a similar quality, this result that was confirmed by the objective measures calculated to evaluate the prediction of the durations of the speech units. However, the results of objective evaluations in the case of the DNN approach have shown that the differentiation of simple consonants (respectively short vowels) geminated consonants (respectively long vowels) leads to a slightly better prediction of the durations than the other modelling approaches. On the other hand, this improvement was not perceived during the perceptive tests ; listeners found that the signals generated by the four approaches are similar in terms of overall quality. The last part of this thesis was devoted to the comparison of the synthesis approach by the HMMs to that by the DNNs.All the tests conducted have shown that the use of DNNs has improved the perceived quality of the generated signals

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Books on the topic "Consonants and vowels"

1

Ferrari, Disner Sandra, ed. Vowels and consonants. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

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Ooijen, Brit. The processing of vowels and consonants. [Netherlands: s.n., 1994.

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Alphabet starters: Consonants and vowels : activity masters. Crystal Lake, Ill: Rigby, 1996.

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ill, Turner Whitney, ed. The war between the vowels and the consonants. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996.

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Compton, Arthur J. Speech production illustrations: Vowels. San Francisco, Calif: Carousel House, 2004.

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Ehret, Christopher. Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

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Vowels and consonants: An introduction to the sounds of languages. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

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Vowels and consonants: An introduction to the sounds of languages. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2001.

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Front vowels, coronal consonants, and their interaction in nonlinear phonology. New York: Garland Pub., 1994.

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Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Secció Filològica, ed. Fonètica i fonologia experimentals del català: Vocals i consonants. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Secció Filològica, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Consonants and vowels"

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Shin, Jiyoung. "Vowels and Consonants." In The Handbook of Korean Linguistics, 1–21. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371008.ch1.

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Rogerson-Revell, Pamela. "English vowels and consonants." In The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary English Pronunciation, 92–121. First edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY :: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315145006-7.

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Stone, Lyn. "The difference between vowels and consonants." In Spelling for Life, 52–59. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003125686-10.

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Ball, Martin J. "5. Vowels and Consonants of the World’s Languages." In Multilingual Aspects of Speech Sound Disorders in Children, edited by Sharynne McLeod and Brian Goldstein, 32–41. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847695147-009.

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Wang, Jenny Zhijie. "A monovalent feature geometry for Mandarin consonants and vowels." In Issues in Phonological Structure, 75–93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.196.07wan.

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Yavuz, Handan Kopkalli. "Chapter 2: The Sound Inventory of Turkish: Consonants and Vowels." In Communication Disorders in Turkish, edited by Seyhun Topbaş and Mehmet Yavaş, 27–47. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847692474-007.

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Di Benedetto, Maria Gabriella, and Anna Esposito. "Acoustic analysis and perception of classes of sounds (vowels and consonants)." In Speech Processing, Recognition and Artificial Neural Networks, 54–84. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0845-0_3.

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Aoyama, Katsura. "Preliminary Survey: Frequencies of Long Vowels and Geminate Consonants in Finnish and Japanese." In A Psycholinguistic Perspective on Finnish and Japanese Prosody, 19–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8754-9_3.

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Cosi, Piero, and Emanuela Magno Caldognetto. "Lips and Jaw Movements for Vowels and Consonants: Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Bimodal Recognition Applications." In Speechreading by Humans and Machines, 291–313. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13015-5_23.

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Kröger, Bernd J., Peter Birkholz, Jim Kannampuzha, and Christiane Neuschaefer-Rube. "Categorical Perception of Consonants and Vowels: Evidence from a Neurophonetic Model of Speech Production and Perception." In Toward Autonomous, Adaptive, and Context-Aware Multimodal Interfaces. Theoretical and Practical Issues, 354–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18184-9_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Consonants and vowels"

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Karpava, Sviatlana, and Elena Kkese. "Acoustic-orthographic interface in L2 phonology by L1 Cypriot-Greek speakers." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0026/000441.

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The present study investigated the acoustic-orthographic interface in the phonology of L2 English by L1 Cypriot-Greek (CG) speakers. Seventy L1 CG undergraduate students completed a written dictation task, which examined how contrastive English vowels and consonants on word-level are perceived by CG and how the use of L2 affects these perceptions based on the different phoneme inventories and orthographies of CG and English. The findings suggest that there is an effect of L1 CG phonological and orthographic systems on L2 English vowel and consonant sound perception and written production.

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Miatto, Veronica. "Perception of word-final inserted vowels and syllabicity in Italian." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0034/000449.

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Perceptual evidence is provided in favour of the non-syllabicity of word-final vocalic elements in consonant-final nonce words in Italian. These are optionally present after words ending in consonants, and their syllabicity status is debatable. In the experiment, speakers listened to stimuli of nonce words presenting variable duration of word-final schwas and judged whether the stimuli were monosyllabic or disyllabic. The results strongly suggest that speakers of Veneto Italian do not phonologically distinguish between nonce words that present a word-final schwa and those that do not. In fact, stimuli were generally judged as monosyllabic. The results of the study support previous research stating that word-final schwas in Italian are non-syllabic, phonetic vowels.

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Cavar, Malgorzata E., Steven M. Lulich, and Max Nelson. "Allophonic variation of Polish vowels in the context of prepalatal consonants." In 173rd Meeting of Acoustical Society of America and 8th Forum Acusticum. Acoustical Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000755.

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Oh, Yoon Mi, François Pellegrino, Christophe Coupé, and Egidio Marsico. "Cross-language comparison of functional load for vowels, consonants, and tones." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA: ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-662.

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Tahmina, Qudsia, Fei Chen, and Yi Hu. "Perceptual contribution of vowels and consonants to sentence intelligibility by cochlear implant users." In 2014 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits (ISIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isicir.2014.7029553.

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Hemadri, Vidyagouri B., Basavaraj Anami, and C. N. Ravikumar. "A Novel Secant Based Method for Recognition of Handwritten Pitman Shorthand Language Consonants and Vowels." In 2006 International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/adcom.2006.4289902.

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Tabain, Marija, Richard Beare, and Andrew Butcher. "Formant Measures of Vowels Adjacent to Alveolar and Retroflex Consonants in Arrernte: Stressed and Unstressed Position." In Interspeech 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-1126.

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DiGiovanni, Jeffrey, Jessica M. Prewitt, Naveen K. Nagaraj, and Danny R. Moates. "The relative contribution to speech intelligibility from consonants and vowels using synthesized and naturally-spoken sentences." In 160th Meeting Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4772754.

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Will and Bunnell. "Representation, scaling, and time invariance in neural network speech recognition: evidence for the recognition of stop consonants and vowels." In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1989.118438.

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Jia, Haiping, Hiroki Mori, and Hideki Kasuya. "Mora timing organization in producing contrastive geminate/single consonants and long/short vowels by native and non-native speakers of Japanese: effects of speaking rate." In Interspeech 2005. ISCA: ISCA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-355.

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Reports on the topic "Consonants and vowels"

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Gold, Bernard. Hopfield Model Applied to Vowel and Consonant Discrimination. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169742.

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