Academic literature on the topic 'Consonne fricative'
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Journal articles on the topic "Consonne fricative"
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Jacques, Benoît. "Étude de trois indices acoustiques du voisement des consonnes fricatives en français de Montréal." Revue québécoise de linguistique 19, no. 2 (May 6, 2009): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602676ar.
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Résumé Le sonagramme d’une consonne fricative sonore comporte d’ordinaire à sa base une barre de voisement souvent surmontée de formants également voisés. Or l’examen de spectres de consonnes fricatives sonores ne comportant aucune barre de voisement nous amène à nous interroger sur le caractère prépondérant de ce paramètre dans la distinction des consonnes fricatives entre sourdes et sonores. Dans cette optique, nous avons analysé un corpus de 1 790 consonnes fricatives dont 940 sourdes et 850 sonores produites par 4 sujets francophones de Montréal. À partir de mesures acoustiques, la durée de la barre de voisement a été mise en relation avec la durée de la consonne et celle de la voyelle précédente, deux paramètres pouvant contribuer à la distinction recherchée. Les résultats montrent que, si la présence d’une barre de voisement est un indice majeur, les autres paramètres ne sont pas non plus sans importance, le poids relatif de chacun de ces indices variant selon la position du segment dans la syllabe et dans la phrase.
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Whiteside, S. P. "Identification of a Speaker's Sex: A Fricative Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 2 (April 1998): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.587.
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An experiment was carried out to test whether three phonetically naive listeners were able to identify the speaker's sex from brief (30 msec, to 100 msec.) voiceless fricative segments. All speech segments were extracted from sentences spoken by members of a group of 3 women and 3 men with a British General Northern accent. The consonant segments were significantly identified by the listeners with an accuracy of 64.4%. A sample of the fricative segments was chosen to investigate acoustic and phonetic differences related to a speaker's sex, using spectrographic analysis. Analysis showed that on the average the frication of the women's voiceless fricatives was significantly higher in frequency than that of the men.
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Ikeda, Elissa, and Sigrid Lew. "The case for alveolar fricative rhotics with evidence from Nusu." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 40, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.40.1.01ike.
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Abstract Cross-linguistically, fricatives are the rarest types of rhotics, found in a few African and European languages (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996) and as allophones in some Romance languages (Jesus & Shadle 2005; Recasens 2002; Bradley 2006; Colantoni 2006). Acoustic data from Nusu, phonotactic reasoning, and a cognate comparison demonstrate the presence of alveolar fricative rhotics in Tibeto-Burman. The Nusu rhotic appears in syllable-initial position as the first or second consonant and can be realized as alveolar approximants [ɹ] or [ɹʲ], non-sibilant voiced and voiceless fricatives [ɹ̝, ɹ̥], as well as voiced sibilant [ʐ]. In other studies on Nusu, these fricative rhotics have sometimes been reported as retroflex voiced sibilants (Sun & Lu 1986; Fu 1991), but intra-speaker and cross-variety comparison point to classification as rhotics. Evidence from other Tibeto-Burman languages suggests that alveolar fricative rhotics are not limited to Nusu. Together these data challenge the tradition of generally interpreting alveolar fricatives as sibilants.
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Hedrick, Mark S., and Mary Sue Younger. "Labeling of /s/ and /ʃ/ by Listeners With Normal and Impaired Hearing, Revisited." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 3 (June 2003): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/050).
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The two aims of this study were (a) to determine the perceptual weight given formant transition and relative amplitude information for labeling fricative place of articulation perception and (b) to determine the extent of integration of relative amplitude and formant transition cues. Seven listeners with normal hearing and 7 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss participated. The listeners were asked to label the fricatives of synthetic consonant-vowel stimuli as either /s/ or /∫/. Across the stimuli, 3 cues were varied: (a) The amplitude of the spectral peak in the 2500- Hz range of the frication relative to the adjacent vowel peak amplitude in the same frequency region, (b)the frication duration, which was either 50 or 140 ms, and (c) the second formant transition onset frequency, which was varied from 1200 to 1800 Hz. An analysis of variance model was used to determine weightings for the relative amplitude and transition cues for the different frication duration conditions. A 30-ms gap of silence was inserted between the frication and vocalic portions of the stimuli, with the intent that a temporal separation of frication and transition information might affect how the cues were integrated. The weighting given transition or relative amplitude differed between the listening groups and depended on frication duration. Use of the transition cue was most affected by insertion of the silent gap. Listeners with hearing loss had smaller interaction terms for the cues than listeners with normal hearing, suggesting less integration of cues.
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Walker, Rachel, Dani Byrd, and Fidèle Mpiranya. "An articulatory view of Kinyarwanda coronal harmony." Phonology 25, no. 3 (December 2008): 499–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675708001619.
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Coronal harmony in Kinyarwanda causes alveolar fricatives to become postalveolar preceding a postalveolar fricative within a stem. Alveolar and postalveolar stops, affricates and palatals block coronal harmony, but the flap and non-coronal consonants are reported to be transparent. Kinematic data on consonant production in Kinyarwanda were collected using electromagnetic articulography. The mean angle for the line defined by receivers placed on the tongue tip and blade was calculated over the consonant intervals. Mean angle reliably distinguished alveolar and postalveolar fricatives, with alveolars showing a lower tip relative to blade. Mean angle during transparent non-coronal consonants showed a higher tip relative to blade than in contexts without harmony, and the mean angle during transparent [m] was not significantly different than during postalveolar fricatives. This is consistent with a model where Kinyarwanda coronal harmony extends a continuous tip-blade gesture, causing it to be present during ‘transparent’ segments, but without perceptible effect.
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Chen, Helen, and Kenneth N. Stevens. "An Acoustical Study of the Fricative /s/ in the Speech of Individuals With Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 6 (December 2001): 1300–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/101).
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This paper reports on measurements of several acoustic attributes of the fricative consonant /s/ produced in word-initial position by normally speaking adults and by speakers with neuromotor dysfunctions. Several acoustic properties are evaluated: the spectrum shape of the fricative and its amplitude in relation to the following vowel, the presence or absence of voicing, the time variation of the spectrum during the fricative and in the transition to the following vowel, and the presence of inappropriate acoustic patterns preceding the /s/. Some of these properties are based on quantitative measurements of the spectrum of the /s/, and others are based on observations of the time-varying acoustic patterns in spectrograms. For the individuals with dysarthria, deviations of each of these properties from the normal range are interpreted in terms of specific deficits in the control of the speech-production system. For the most part, these parameters are highly correlated with the speakers' overall intelligibility, with the intelligibility of words containing the fricative /s/, and with perceptual ratings of the adequacy of the fricative production. The parameters that show the best correlation with intelligibility and perceptual ratings are (a) measures of deviations from normalcy in the time variation of the acoustic pattern within the consonant and at the consonant-vowel boundary and (b) the spectrum shape of the frication noise. These acoustic parameters are related to deviations in the temporal pattern of control of the articulators in producing fricative-vowel sequences and to lack of fine control of the tongue blade in achieving an appropriate target configuration for the fricative.
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Henriksen, Nicholas, and Sarah K. Harper. "Investigating lenition patterns in south-central Peninsular Spanish /spstsk/ clusters." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000116.
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In this study we report on an instrumental analysis of /spstsk/ clusters in south-central Peninsular Spanish, documenting a three-way system of /s/ realization: speakers tend to produce alveolar fricatives in /st/ clusters, velar fricatives in /sk/ clusters, and glottal fricatives or deletions in /sp/ clusters. An analysis based on the discrete classification of /s/ variants shows that a combination of linguistic factors (following consonant and stress) influences /s/ realization. An analysis based on the phonetic coding of /s/ variants (using measures of fricative duration, relative voicing, and center of gravity) reveals the extent to which velar fricatives display an intermediate status along the phonetic continuum of /s/ lenition variations. Taken together, these analyses shed light on the nature of coda /s/ in Spanish and on the extent to which the attested allophony constitutes a lenition process.
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Pinget, Anne-France, René Kager, and Hans Van de Velde. "Regional differences in the perception of a consonant change in progress." Journal of Linguistic Geography 4, no. 2 (September 2016): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2016.13.
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This study aims at testing whether there are regional differences in the perception of the labiodental fricative contrast in Dutch. Previous production studies have shown that the devoicing of initial labiodental fricatives is a change in progress in the Dutch language area. We present the results of a speeded identification task in which fricative stimuli were systematically varied for two phonetic cues, voicing and duration. Listeners (n=100) were regionally stratified, and the regions (k=5) reflect different stages of this sound change in progress. Voicing turned out to be the strongest categorization cue in all regions; duration only played a minor role. Regional differences showed up in the perception of the consonantal contrast that matched regional differences in production reported in previous studies. The addition of random slopes in the mixed model regression showed the importance of within-regional variation.
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Bárkányi, Zsuzsanna, and Zoltán G. Kiss. "Neutralisation and contrast preservation." Linguistic Variation 20, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 56–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.16010.bar.
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Abstract This paper studies the contextual variation in the voicing properties of three-consonant clusters (CC#C) in Hungarian. We investigate the velar+alveolar stop clusters /kt/ and /ɡd/, and the alveolar fricative+stop clusters /st/ and /zd/ in potentially voicing-neutralising and assimilating contexts. We show that in these contexts, regressive voicing assimilation in Hungarian is categorical, but partially contrast preserving, and that stops and fricatives are not affected in the same way. Fricatives resist voicing before a voiced obstruent and are devoiced utterance-finally. This is a phonetically unfavourable position, therefore other duration-related cues step up to prevent complete laryngeal neutralisation.
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Alves, Ubiratã Kickhöfel, Luciene Nassols Brisolara, Leonardo Cláudio Da Rosa, and Ana Carolina Signor Buske. "EFFECTS OF VOICING LENGTH IN THE PRODUCTION OF [Z] BY L1-SPANISH SPEAKERS ON THE PERCEPTUAL IDENTIFICATION OF MINIMAL PAIRS BY BRAZILIAN LISTENERS." Diacrítica 32, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.449.
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In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of the degree of voicing in the fricative [z] produced by L1 Spanish speakers on the distinction between the categories of ‘voiceless’ and ‘voiced’ consonants by Brazilian judges. Speech data were collected from six L1 Spanish speakers who had been living in Brazil for less than twelve months. From the recordings and manipulations of different degrees of voicing in the fricatives (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total duration of the fricative), an identification task was built on TP Software (Rauber et al. 2012). Thirty-five Brazilian participants did this task. The results indicate that voicing the consonant all the way through was not a necessary condition for the identification of the fricative as voiced. It was also verified that the pattern with voicing throughout 25% of the fricative proved more difficult to identify. Both the inferential analysis and the verification of the data produced by each individual participant showed that this latter pattern cannot be considered to be voiceless in all cases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consonne fricative"
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Beautemps, Denis. "Récupération des gestes de la parole à partir de trajectoires formantiques : identification de cibles vocaliques non-atteintes et modèles pour les profils sagittaux des consonnes fricatives." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0018.
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Cette these s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une contribution a un programme d'inversion lance a l'icp, etudie ici sur deux problemes classiques en parole: les voyelles et les consonnes fricatives. La premiere partie de ce travail traite de l'identification de cibles non atteintes pour les voyelles. Un etat de l'art dans ce domaine est presente ainsi qu'un cas de reduction vocalique pour deux voyelles du francais a et emises dans un contexte identique et symetrique ivi. Le travail a consiste a rechercher, a partir des trajectoires formantiques associees a ces gestes vocaliques, des parametres discriminants pour l'identification des deux voyelles puis a proposer une modelisation de la trajectoire du premier formant sous forme de systeme dynamique a inverser, et a formaliser dans ce cadre la negociation locuteur-auditeur. La seconde partie traite de la recuperation de formes sagittales de consonnes fricatives. Nous avons tout d'abord determine un bon modele direct de la transformation articulatori-acoustique, en etendant, par une technique d'optimisation, le modele de passage entre fonction sagittale et fonction d'aire utilise classiquement pour les voyelles, pour rendre compte des donnees articulatoires et acoustiques sur les voyelles et les consonnes fricatives dont nous disposons pour un meme sujet. Puis, nous avons reconstitue les fonctions sagittales des consonnes fricatives par inversion de cette transformation articulatori-acoustique a partir des formants et de la specification du bassin d'attraction. Enfin, ceci nous a permis de suivre l'evolution de la fonction sagittale le long d'un geste allant d'une voyelle vers une consonne fricative
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Mawass, Khaled. "Synthèse articulatoire des consonnes fricatives." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0113.
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Dans le cadre de l'etude de la production de la parole, en lien avec le developpement d'une tete parlante virtuelle a l'icp, nous avons etudie les consonnes fricatives du francais. Nous avons elabore une base de donnees articulatoires, geometriques, acoustiques et aerodynamiques, pour un sujet de reference, a l'aide de methodes complementaires : cineradiographie, labiometrie, pneumotachographie, en utilisant la fusion de donnees pour reconstituer des parametres tels que l'aire de constriction. Nous avons ensuite developpe un modele de source d'excitation pour les fricatives pour ce sujet. Ce modele, qui predit les caracteristiques acoustiques de la source de bruit en fonction de l'etat aerodynamique du conduit vocal, a ete implante dans un synthetiseur articulatoire base sur le sujet de reference, et permet donc la synthese de fricatives voisees et non voisees. Le synthetiseur a egalement ete modifie afin de pouvoir modeliser l'articulation specifique aux fricatives labiodentales. A cause des limitations liees a l'utilisation de rayons x, nous avons mis en oeuvre une methodologie, basee sur un algorithme d'optimisation sous contraintes, qui permet d'inverser la relation articulatori-acoustique et donc de determiner les parametres de commande supralarynges du synthetiseur a partir des formants mesures sur le signal de parole et de l'aire mesuree aux levres. Nous avons par ailleurs etudie les strategies de coordination dans l'espace de controle aire de glotte/aire de constriction orale et montre l'etroitesse de la region de cet espace qui permet l'obtention du voisement pour les fricatives. Ce travail a debouche sur la synthese quasi automatique de haute qualite d'un corpus de fricatives en contexte vocalique. Un test d'identification perceptive a donne un taux de reconnaissance des sons synthetiques de 98%. Les donnees obtenues ont aussi permis de preciser les relations articulatori-acoustiques pour les fricatives, et en particulier les effets de coarticulation et le role important du quatrieme formant pour la determination du lieu d'articulation. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives pour l'acquisition de donnees articulatori-acoustiques et aerodynamiques plus nombreuses, pour l'etude de la variabilite controlee des strategies de production de la parole, et pour la synthese articulatoire en general.
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Sheppard, Samantha. "NATIVE SPEAKERS' REALIZATIONS OF WORD-INITIAL FRICATIVE + CONSONANT CLUSTERS IN ENGLISH NON-WORDS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1448.
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This study examines the role of voiceless and voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial true consonant clusters and adjunct clusters. Specifically, this study sought evidence to determine whether the lack of voiced fricatives, such as /z/ and /v/, in English word-initial true and adjunct clusters is due to an active ban or an accidental gap in the language's phonotactics. This study also looked into whether the voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ is the only fricative that can play the role of adjunct segment in word-initial adjunct clusters, or whether other fricatives, such as the voiced alveolar fricative /z/, or the voiceless and voiced labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/ could also be adjunct segments in word-initial adjunct clusters. Fourteen native English speakers were asked to pronounce a list of non-words containing word-initial clusters with /s/, /f/, /z/, and /v/ as the first consonant and /r/, /l/, /n/, /k/, and /g/ as the second consonant. The clusters were chosen to represent different voicing statuses and places of articulation for the first consonant in the cluster, in addition to differing sonority distances between the first consonant and the second consonant of the word-initial cluster. The native English speaker productions were recorded and acoustically analyzed in order to determine the exact pronunciations each speaker used for each target cluster. The results were then statistically analyzed to reveal patterns. Results showed that the lack of voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial position of true clusters in English is due to an accidental gap, due to the relatively numerous correct productions of such clusters. The the lack of voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial position of adjunct clusters in English, however, is due to an active ban, due to the difficulty that the native English speakers had in correctly producing such clusters. This study also concluded that while /s/ is the only adjunct segment in English, /f/ could also play that role.
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Renaud, Jeffrey Bernard. "An optimality theoretic typology of three fricative-vowel assimilations in Latin American Spanish." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4733.
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The roles of phonetics (e.g., Jun 1995, Holt 1997, Steriade 2001) and Articulatory Phonology (AP, Browman and Goldstein 1986, et seq.) in both the diachronic evolution of and synchronic analyses for phonological processes are relatively recent incorporations into Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004, McCarthy and Prince 1993/2001). I continue this line of inquiry by offering an AP-based OT proposal of three fricative-vowel assimilations in Latin American Spanish: /f/>[x] velarization (fui [xui] "I went"), /f/>[phi] bilabialization (fumo "I smoke") and /x/>[ç] palatalization (gente [çente] "people").
In this dissertation, I pursue three main objectives: to update and clarify via empirical study and spectral analysis the available data; to account for the crosslinguistically recurrent phonological patterns that affect fricative-vowel sequences; and to explain the above processes' genesis and diffusion in Latin American Spanish by integrating the first two goals into an Optimality Theoretic framework.
Concerning the first task, data for the three processes are culled primarily from sociolinguistic corpora (Perissinotto 1975, Resnick 1975, Sanicky 1988, inter alia). Lacking from these accounts are detailed phonetic analyses. To fill this gap, I report on a four-part perception and production study designed to update the descriptive facts and provide spectral analyses for the allophonic variants.
Regarding the second goal, I show that fricatives are susceptible to regressive consonant-vowel assimilation given the recurrence of assimilatory patterns nearly identical to the Spanish processes under investigation in disparate languages throughout the world. I argue that articulatory and acoustic facts conspire to render place features in (non-sibilant) fricatives difficult to recover given the vast interspeaker, intraspeaker and crosslinguistic variability in production (e.g., Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996) and the greater reliance on fricative-vowel transitional cues as opposed to cues internal to the frication on the part of the hearer (e.g., Manrique and Massone 1981, Feijóo and Fernández 2003). To that end, I argue that the sound changes originate(d) with the hearer's misperception of a speaker's extremely coarticulated target (Baker, Archangeli and Mielke 2011, inter alia).
The dissertation concludes with a proposal adapting Jun (1995) that encodes the above articulatory and acoustic facts into an AP-based, typologically-minded OT approach that accounts both diachronically and synchronically for /f/ velarization, /f/ bilabialization and /x/ palatalization in Spanish (updating previous analyses by Lipski 1995 and Mazzaro 2005, 2011).
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Pham, Thi Ngoc Yen. "Caractérisation acoustique du conduit vocal : fonctions de transfert acoustique et sources de bruit (étude des voyelles chuchotées et des consonnes fricatives non voisées)." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0021.
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Dans le cadre de l'etude des mecanismes de production de parole, l'objet de ce travail est la caracterisation acoustique du conduit vocal par mesure de sa fonction de transfert d'une part, et la caracterisation des sources de bruit de friction et d'aspiration d'autre part. Le principe theorique de la methode de mesure directe de la fonction de transfert acoustique du conduit vocal, puis le dispositif et le protocole experimentaux, ainsi que l'evaluation des caracteristiques des differents elements de cette chaine de mesure, sont d'abord decrits. Une methode de determination automatique des formants et des bandes passantes est egalement presentee. Les fonctions de transfert mesurees pour les voyelles et pour les consonnes fricatives non-voisees du francais dans deux conditions de glotte differentes sont ensuite analysees. L'ensemble de ces fonctions, associe aux valeurs de formants et de bandes passantes, constitue une base de donnees de reference originale, qui est ensuite utilisee pour determiner l'influence de la glotte sur les formants et les bandes passantes, ainsi que les affiliations formants/cavites pour les voyelles. Enfin les caracteristiques de la source de bruit des voyelles chuchotees et des consonnes fricatives non-voisees sont etudiees. Les relations entre les variables aerodynamiques du conduit vocal et les caracteristiques spectrales de la source sont analysees par des methodes statistiques. On montre que le niveau global sonore de la source augmente avec la chute de pression a la constriction, et diminue lorsque l'aire de constriction augmente, et que la pente spectrale globale de la source augmente avec la chute de pression. Un modele de variation de ces caracteristiques de source pour les voyelles chuchotees et les fricatives est finalement propose
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Bouarourou, Fayssal. "La gémination en tarifit : considérations phonologiques, étude acoustique et articulatoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC016/document.
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Ce travail se focalise sur le parler du tarifit de la province de Nador, afin d’étudier la gémination dans cette variante du berbère, parlée au Maroc. Il s’agit d’une investigation articulatoire cinéradiographique et acoustique. Un aperçu général du système phonologique du tarifit est proposé. Dans la revue critique de l’état de la question, nous avons tenté, d’abord, de montrer les différents arguments relatifs à la représentation des géminées en un seul segment ou en une suite de deux segments. Nous avons ensuite évoqué les débats contradictoires sur les notions de tension et de gémination. Notre recherche est conduite dans le cadre du paradigme de la perturbation et des réajustements, en variant la vitesse d’élocution. Les résultats principaux dans le domaine acoustique montrent, pour toutes les consonnes, simples et géminées, produites en vitesse d'élocution normale ou rapide, que la durée de la tenue consonantique est l’indice principal qui permet de les distinguer. Au niveau articulatoire, l’étude du timing des paramètres articulatoires indique, entre autres, que c’est le contact apical, vélaire et uvulaire, plus long pour la géminée, qui est le paramètre préférentiel de la distinction phonologique simple vs. géminée. L’analyse des vues de profil donne les résultats suivants en ce qui concerne l’étendue de contact (mm) : a) l’étendue de contact des occlusives est systématiquement plus importante pour les géminées que pour les simples ; b) l’étendue de contact augmente de la consonne apical, au vélaire (réalisée plutôt palatale), puis à l’uvulaire. Les résultats sont discutés en termes de relations articulatori - acoustiquesThis work focuses on tarifit of the provinces of Nador, in order to study gemination in this variant of Berber spoken in Morocco. This is an acoustic and articulatory X-ray investigation. A general overview of the tarifit phonological system is proposed. In a critical review of the literature, we tried, first, to show the different arguments concerning representation of geminates as one or as a sequence of two segments. We then discussed the contradictory debates on the concepts of tension and gemination. Our research is carried out within the perturbation and readjustments paradigm, by varying speech rates. Main results in the acoustic domain show for all consonants, singletons and geminates, produced in normal or fast speech, that consonantal closure is the main cue that allows distinguishing them. On the articulatory level, the study of the timing of articulatory parameters indicates, among other things, that it is the apical, velar and uvular contact, longer for geminates, which is the preferred parameter of the singleton vs. geminate phonological distinction. Analysis of profile views gives the following results regarding contact extent (mm) : a) contact extent for plosives are systematically larger for geminates than for singletons ; b) contact extent increases as one goes from the apical consonant to the velar (rather palatal) consonant, then to the uvular consonant. Results are discussed in terms of articulatory - acoustic relations
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Estienne, Olivier. "Etude aéraulique et aéroacoustique de la production de consonnes fricatives par modèle physique." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524389.
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Lors de la prononciation de fricatives, l'interaction d'un écoulement turbulent complexe avec les articulateurs du conduit vocal est à l'origine d'un bruit aéroacoustique caractéristique. Cette thèse propose l'étude de ces phénomènes à partir d'un modèle physique du conduit vocal intégrant deux articulateurs importants. Basé sur une maquette intégrant un seul ou les deux articulateurs, un banc expérimental est conçu pour mesurer l'influence des différents paramètres du modèle sur l'écoulement d'air. Ensuite, une description théorique de cet écoulement suivant des hypothèses couramment utilisées dans la modélisation physique en parole est établie, en incluant les effets turbulents de cas connus d'écoulements en canal pour des géométries spécifiques. Les résultats théoriques et ceux des mesures sont confrontés afin de progresser dans la compréhension du comportement de l'écoulement en maquette. Enfin, l'analyse du bruit aéroacoustique vient compléter cette étude et permet d'établir la pertinence de notre modèle physique par comparaison avec les caractéristiques acoustiques des fricatives prononcées par des locuteurs.
Books on the topic "Consonne fricative"
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Kim, Hyunsoon. Korean speakers’ perception of Japanese geminates. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0015.
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This chapter investigates whether the grammar of a recipient language (L1) plays a role in borrowing words of a donor language (L2), by exploring Korean (L1) speakers’ perception of Japanese (L2) geminates. Eighty Seoul Korean subjects were asked to listen to Japanese words with the voiceless geminates [p:, t:, k:, s:], which are grouped as frequently and infrequently used in Korea. It was found that the Japanese geminates were mainly perceived either as the coda fricative /s/ and an onset fortis consonant or as an onset fortis with no coda. The results provide empirical evidence for an L1 grammar-driven borrowing process with the three intermediate steps of L1 perception, L1 lexicon, and L1 phonology between L2 acoustic input (= L1 input) and L1 output.
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Gibson, Mark, and Juana Gil, eds. Romance Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739401.001.0001.
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The research in this volume addresses several recurring topics in Romance Phonetics and Phonology with a special focus on the segment, syllable, word, and phrase levels of analysis. The original research presented in this volume ranges from the low-level mechanical processes involved in speech production and perception to high-level representation and computation. The interaction between these two dimensions of speech and their effects on first- and second-language acquisition are methodically treated in later chapters. Individual chapters address rhotics in various languages (Spanish, Italian, and Brazilian Portuguese), both taps and trills, singleton and geminate; vowel nasalization and associated changes; sibilants and fricatives, the ways in which vowels are affected by their position; there are explorations of diphthongs and consonant clusters in Romanian; variant consonant production in three Catalan dialects; voice quality discrimination in Italian by native speakers of Spanish; mutual language perception by French and Spanish native speakers of each other’s language; poetry recitation (vis-à-vis rhotics in particular); French prosodic structure; glide modifications and pre-voicing in onsets in Spanish and Catalan; vowel reduction in Galician; and detailed investigations of bilinguals’ language acquisition. A number of experimental methods are employed to address the topics under study including both acoustic and articulatory data; electropalatography (EPG), ultrasound, electromagnetic articulography (EMA).
Book chapters on the topic "Consonne fricative"
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Rua Ventura, Sandra M., Diamantino Rui S. Freitas, Isabel Maria A. P. Ramos, and João Manuel R. S. Tavares. "3D Vocal Tract Reconstruction Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data to Study Fricative Consonant Production." In Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, 247–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15799-3_19.
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Recasens, Daniel, and Meritxell Mira. "Articulatory setting, articulatory symmetry, and production mechanisms for Catalan consonant sequences." In Romance Phonetics and Phonology, 146–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739401.003.0009.
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This study reports articulatory and acoustic data for three Catalan dialects (Eastern, Western, Valencian), showing that the sequences /tsʃ/ and /sʃ/, and /tʃs/ and /ʃs/, are implemented through analogous production mechanisms and therefore that fricative+fricative and affricate+fricative sequences behave symmetrically at the articulatory level. Analysis results also reveal a clear trend for regressive assimilation in the case of /(t)sʃ/ and for blending or a two-target realization in the case of /(t)ʃs/; differences in degree of articulatory complexity among the segmental sequences under analysis account for these production strategies. Moreover, the final phonetic outcome is strongly dependent on the dialect-dependent articulatory differences in fricative articulation; thus, in Valencian, /(t)sʃ / may undergo regressive assimilation or blending and /(t)ʃs/ regressive assimilation, owing to a more anterior lingual constriction for /ʃ/ than in the other dialects.
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Maguire, Warren. "Consonants." In Language and Dialect Contact in Ireland, 40–99. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452908.003.0003.
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This chapter analyses the origins of a range of consonantal features in MUE. Starting with an overview of the consonant system and a comparison of it to the consonant systems of the input varieties and to those of Ulster Scots and Southern Irish English, the chapter specifically concentrates on a number of key phonological patterns, several of them previously ascribed to Irish influence, which reveal crucial things about the history of the dialect. Features examined include Velar Palatalisation, Pre-R Dentalisation, survival of the dental fricatives, rhoticity, realisation of /l/, epenthesis in consonant clusters, and consonant deletions. It is shown that most consonantal patterns in the dialect derive from English and, to a lesser extent, Scots, possibly with some reinforcement from Irish.
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Iino, Atsushi. "Effects of HVPT on perception and production of English fricatives by Japanese learners of English." In CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019, 186–92. Research-publishing.net, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019.38.1007.
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This study investigated the effects of High Variability Phonetic Training (HVPT) on beginner level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Japanese learners’ perceptions and productions of the English fricatives /f/, /v/ and /θ/. With the use of the computer program ‘English Accent Coach’ (EAC, Thomson, 2017), two groups of participants were engaged in learning the sounds in a two-syllable environment: target consonant + vowels (CV) and target consonant + vowels + consonant (CVC). The perception training with EAC was conducted for five weeks between a pre-test and a post-test in perception and production. Production was measured in the form of recorded reading aloud and was evaluated by native English speakers and a Japanese teacher of English. The results indicated the advantageous effects of CVC environments on perception as well as on production.
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Blecua, Beatriz, and Jordi Cicres. "Rhotic variation in Spanish codas." In Romance Phonetics and Phonology, 21–47. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739401.003.0002.
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The present study describes the variation that syllable-final rhotics (preconsonantal and prepausal) exhibit in spontaneous speech in Central Peninsular Spanish. First, a detailed description of the acoustic and temporal characteristics of each variant is provided. At the same time, the effects of contextual factors are analyzed for the different acoustic realizations. The proportion of more relaxed variants (elision and one-component, without a vocalic fragment) is higher in spontaneous speech than in read speech, while only 6.7% of the tokens are trilled. Furthermore, realizations with a fricative opening phase, as opposed to the usual vocalic element, were also obtained. Results indicate that the most important factor in the acoustic definition of rhotics is their position (before a consonant or before a pause). Finally, main effects were found for the place and manner of articulation of the following gesture as well as stress on the number of components of coda rhotics.
Conference papers on the topic "Consonne fricative"
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Lorin, Louis-Marie, Lorenzo Maselli, Léo Varnet, and Maria Giavazzi. "Acoustic Properties of Strident Fricatives at the Edges: Implications for Consonant Discrimination." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2913.
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