To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Consonne fricative.
Journal articles on the topic 'Consonne fricative'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Consonne fricative.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jacques, Benoît. "Étude de trois indices acoustiques du voisement des consonnes fricatives en français de Montréal." Revue québécoise de linguistique 19, no. 2 (May 6, 2009): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602676ar.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé Le sonagramme d’une consonne fricative sonore comporte d’ordinaire à sa base une barre de voisement souvent surmontée de formants également voisés. Or l’examen de spectres de consonnes fricatives sonores ne comportant aucune barre de voisement nous amène à nous interroger sur le caractère prépondérant de ce paramètre dans la distinction des consonnes fricatives entre sourdes et sonores. Dans cette optique, nous avons analysé un corpus de 1 790 consonnes fricatives dont 940 sourdes et 850 sonores produites par 4 sujets francophones de Montréal. À partir de mesures acoustiques, la durée de la barre de voisement a été mise en relation avec la durée de la consonne et celle de la voyelle précédente, deux paramètres pouvant contribuer à la distinction recherchée. Les résultats montrent que, si la présence d’une barre de voisement est un indice majeur, les autres paramètres ne sont pas non plus sans importance, le poids relatif de chacun de ces indices variant selon la position du segment dans la syllabe et dans la phrase.
2
Whiteside, S. P. "Identification of a Speaker's Sex: A Fricative Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 2 (April 1998): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.587.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was carried out to test whether three phonetically naive listeners were able to identify the speaker's sex from brief (30 msec, to 100 msec.) voiceless fricative segments. All speech segments were extracted from sentences spoken by members of a group of 3 women and 3 men with a British General Northern accent. The consonant segments were significantly identified by the listeners with an accuracy of 64.4%. A sample of the fricative segments was chosen to investigate acoustic and phonetic differences related to a speaker's sex, using spectrographic analysis. Analysis showed that on the average the frication of the women's voiceless fricatives was significantly higher in frequency than that of the men.
3
Ikeda, Elissa, and Sigrid Lew. "The case for alveolar fricative rhotics with evidence from Nusu." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 40, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.40.1.01ike.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cross-linguistically, fricatives are the rarest types of rhotics, found in a few African and European languages (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996) and as allophones in some Romance languages (Jesus & Shadle 2005; Recasens 2002; Bradley 2006; Colantoni 2006). Acoustic data from Nusu, phonotactic reasoning, and a cognate comparison demonstrate the presence of alveolar fricative rhotics in Tibeto-Burman. The Nusu rhotic appears in syllable-initial position as the first or second consonant and can be realized as alveolar approximants [ɹ] or [ɹʲ], non-sibilant voiced and voiceless fricatives [ɹ̝, ɹ̥], as well as voiced sibilant [ʐ]. In other studies on Nusu, these fricative rhotics have sometimes been reported as retroflex voiced sibilants (Sun & Lu 1986; Fu 1991), but intra-speaker and cross-variety comparison point to classification as rhotics. Evidence from other Tibeto-Burman languages suggests that alveolar fricative rhotics are not limited to Nusu. Together these data challenge the tradition of generally interpreting alveolar fricatives as sibilants.
4
Hedrick, Mark S., and Mary Sue Younger. "Labeling of /s/ and /ʃ/ by Listeners With Normal and Impaired Hearing, Revisited." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 3 (June 2003): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/050).
Full textAbstract:
The two aims of this study were (a) to determine the perceptual weight given formant transition and relative amplitude information for labeling fricative place of articulation perception and (b) to determine the extent of integration of relative amplitude and formant transition cues. Seven listeners with normal hearing and 7 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss participated. The listeners were asked to label the fricatives of synthetic consonant-vowel stimuli as either /s/ or /∫/. Across the stimuli, 3 cues were varied: (a) The amplitude of the spectral peak in the 2500- Hz range of the frication relative to the adjacent vowel peak amplitude in the same frequency region, (b)the frication duration, which was either 50 or 140 ms, and (c) the second formant transition onset frequency, which was varied from 1200 to 1800 Hz. An analysis of variance model was used to determine weightings for the relative amplitude and transition cues for the different frication duration conditions. A 30-ms gap of silence was inserted between the frication and vocalic portions of the stimuli, with the intent that a temporal separation of frication and transition information might affect how the cues were integrated. The weighting given transition or relative amplitude differed between the listening groups and depended on frication duration. Use of the transition cue was most affected by insertion of the silent gap. Listeners with hearing loss had smaller interaction terms for the cues than listeners with normal hearing, suggesting less integration of cues.
5
Walker, Rachel, Dani Byrd, and Fidèle Mpiranya. "An articulatory view of Kinyarwanda coronal harmony." Phonology 25, no. 3 (December 2008): 499–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675708001619.
Full textAbstract:
Coronal harmony in Kinyarwanda causes alveolar fricatives to become postalveolar preceding a postalveolar fricative within a stem. Alveolar and postalveolar stops, affricates and palatals block coronal harmony, but the flap and non-coronal consonants are reported to be transparent. Kinematic data on consonant production in Kinyarwanda were collected using electromagnetic articulography. The mean angle for the line defined by receivers placed on the tongue tip and blade was calculated over the consonant intervals. Mean angle reliably distinguished alveolar and postalveolar fricatives, with alveolars showing a lower tip relative to blade. Mean angle during transparent non-coronal consonants showed a higher tip relative to blade than in contexts without harmony, and the mean angle during transparent [m] was not significantly different than during postalveolar fricatives. This is consistent with a model where Kinyarwanda coronal harmony extends a continuous tip-blade gesture, causing it to be present during ‘transparent’ segments, but without perceptible effect.
6
Chen, Helen, and Kenneth N. Stevens. "An Acoustical Study of the Fricative /s/ in the Speech of Individuals With Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 6 (December 2001): 1300–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/101).
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports on measurements of several acoustic attributes of the fricative consonant /s/ produced in word-initial position by normally speaking adults and by speakers with neuromotor dysfunctions. Several acoustic properties are evaluated: the spectrum shape of the fricative and its amplitude in relation to the following vowel, the presence or absence of voicing, the time variation of the spectrum during the fricative and in the transition to the following vowel, and the presence of inappropriate acoustic patterns preceding the /s/. Some of these properties are based on quantitative measurements of the spectrum of the /s/, and others are based on observations of the time-varying acoustic patterns in spectrograms. For the individuals with dysarthria, deviations of each of these properties from the normal range are interpreted in terms of specific deficits in the control of the speech-production system. For the most part, these parameters are highly correlated with the speakers' overall intelligibility, with the intelligibility of words containing the fricative /s/, and with perceptual ratings of the adequacy of the fricative production. The parameters that show the best correlation with intelligibility and perceptual ratings are (a) measures of deviations from normalcy in the time variation of the acoustic pattern within the consonant and at the consonant-vowel boundary and (b) the spectrum shape of the frication noise. These acoustic parameters are related to deviations in the temporal pattern of control of the articulators in producing fricative-vowel sequences and to lack of fine control of the tongue blade in achieving an appropriate target configuration for the fricative.
7
Henriksen, Nicholas, and Sarah K. Harper. "Investigating lenition patterns in south-central Peninsular Spanish /spstsk/ clusters." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000116.
Full textAbstract:
In this study we report on an instrumental analysis of /spstsk/ clusters in south-central Peninsular Spanish, documenting a three-way system of /s/ realization: speakers tend to produce alveolar fricatives in /st/ clusters, velar fricatives in /sk/ clusters, and glottal fricatives or deletions in /sp/ clusters. An analysis based on the discrete classification of /s/ variants shows that a combination of linguistic factors (following consonant and stress) influences /s/ realization. An analysis based on the phonetic coding of /s/ variants (using measures of fricative duration, relative voicing, and center of gravity) reveals the extent to which velar fricatives display an intermediate status along the phonetic continuum of /s/ lenition variations. Taken together, these analyses shed light on the nature of coda /s/ in Spanish and on the extent to which the attested allophony constitutes a lenition process.
8
Pinget, Anne-France, René Kager, and Hans Van de Velde. "Regional differences in the perception of a consonant change in progress." Journal of Linguistic Geography 4, no. 2 (September 2016): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2016.13.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims at testing whether there are regional differences in the perception of the labiodental fricative contrast in Dutch. Previous production studies have shown that the devoicing of initial labiodental fricatives is a change in progress in the Dutch language area. We present the results of a speeded identification task in which fricative stimuli were systematically varied for two phonetic cues, voicing and duration. Listeners (n=100) were regionally stratified, and the regions (k=5) reflect different stages of this sound change in progress. Voicing turned out to be the strongest categorization cue in all regions; duration only played a minor role. Regional differences showed up in the perception of the consonantal contrast that matched regional differences in production reported in previous studies. The addition of random slopes in the mixed model regression showed the importance of within-regional variation.
9
Bárkányi, Zsuzsanna, and Zoltán G. Kiss. "Neutralisation and contrast preservation." Linguistic Variation 20, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 56–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.16010.bar.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper studies the contextual variation in the voicing properties of three-consonant clusters (CC#C) in Hungarian. We investigate the velar+alveolar stop clusters /kt/ and /ɡd/, and the alveolar fricative+stop clusters /st/ and /zd/ in potentially voicing-neutralising and assimilating contexts. We show that in these contexts, regressive voicing assimilation in Hungarian is categorical, but partially contrast preserving, and that stops and fricatives are not affected in the same way. Fricatives resist voicing before a voiced obstruent and are devoiced utterance-finally. This is a phonetically unfavourable position, therefore other duration-related cues step up to prevent complete laryngeal neutralisation.
10
Alves, Ubiratã Kickhöfel, Luciene Nassols Brisolara, Leonardo Cláudio Da Rosa, and Ana Carolina Signor Buske. "EFFECTS OF VOICING LENGTH IN THE PRODUCTION OF [Z] BY L1-SPANISH SPEAKERS ON THE PERCEPTUAL IDENTIFICATION OF MINIMAL PAIRS BY BRAZILIAN LISTENERS." Diacrítica 32, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.449.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of the degree of voicing in the fricative [z] produced by L1 Spanish speakers on the distinction between the categories of ‘voiceless’ and ‘voiced’ consonants by Brazilian judges. Speech data were collected from six L1 Spanish speakers who had been living in Brazil for less than twelve months. From the recordings and manipulations of different degrees of voicing in the fricatives (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total duration of the fricative), an identification task was built on TP Software (Rauber et al. 2012). Thirty-five Brazilian participants did this task. The results indicate that voicing the consonant all the way through was not a necessary condition for the identification of the fricative as voiced. It was also verified that the pattern with voicing throughout 25% of the fricative proved more difficult to identify. Both the inferential analysis and the verification of the data produced by each individual participant showed that this latter pattern cannot be considered to be voiceless in all cases.
11
Sanz-Sánchez, Israel. "Dialect contact as the cause for dialect change." Diachronica 30, no. 1 (April 12, 2013): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.1.03san.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the genesis of New Mexican Spanish during the colonial period (17th and 18th centuries) as the consequence of ‘new dialect formation via koinéization’ (Trudgill 1986, 2004, Kerswill & Williams 2000, Kerswill & Trudgill 2005). It focuses primarily on the evidence for yeísmo, i.e. the merger of the medieval palatal lateral and palatal fricative phonemes, in a corpus of documents written in the century following the resettlement of New Mexico by Spanish speakers in 1693. The analysis shows that the resettlement involved contact between two groups of speakers exhibiting widely divergent levels of prevalence of the merger, causing the loss of the phonemic contrast in the community in as little as one generation. This contradicts several previous assumptions about the chronology of Latin American yeísmo and about the role of koinéization in the origins of New World Spanish. Resume Cette etude analyse la genese de l’espagnol du Nouveau-Mexique pendant la periode coloniale (17e et 18e siecles) en tant que consequence d’un processus de ‘formation d’un nouveau dialecte par nivellement dialectal’ (Trudgill 1986, 2004, Kerswill et Williams 2000, Kerswill et Trudgill 2005). L’etude se concentre principalement sur le yeismo, phenomene de fusion de deux phonemes distincts en espagnol medieval (une consonne laterale palatale et une fricative palatale), et ce dans un corpus de documents ecrits un siecle apres le retour des espagnols dans cette region en 1693. L’analyse montre que ce retour des espagnols a provoque le contact entre deux groupes de locuteurs qui presentaient chacun des differences nettes pour ce qui est de la confusion des deux phonemes, aboutissant a leur fusion, dans cette communaute, en a peine une generation. On soutient aussi que ces donnees contredisent plusieurs des hypotheses anterieures sur la chronologie du yeismo americain et sur le role qu’a joue le nivellement dialectal dans la diachronie de l’espagnol du Nouveau Monde. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird die Entstehung des Spanischen in New Mexico wahrend der Kolonialzeit (17. und 18. Jahrhundert) als Folge eines Prozesses ‘neuer Dialekt-Bildung durch Koineisierung’ (Trudgill 1986, 2004, Kerswill und Williams 2000, Kerswill und Trudgill 2005) analysiert. Der Augenmerk liegt hauptsachlich auf den Beweisen fur yeismo, d.h. der Fusion zwischen zwei mittelalterlichen Palatalen, lateral und frikativ, in einem Korpus von Dokumenten, die im Jahrhundert nach der spanischen Umsiedlung Neumexikos 1693 geschrieben wurden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass durch die Umsiedlung zwei Gruppen von Sprechern, die enorm unterschiedliche Auspragungen dieser Fusion aufwiesen, in Kontakt gekommen sind. Dies fuhrte in dieser Gemeinschaft zu dem Verlust des phonemischen Kontrasts in weniger als einer Generation. Es wird auch argumentiert, dass diese Beweise einige fruhere Annahmen uber die Chronologie des lateinamerikanischen yeismo und uber die Rolle der Koineisierung in den Ursprungen der spanischen Sprache in der Neuen Welt widerspricht.
12
Carvalho, Cid Ivan Costa, and Moisés Batista da Silva. "APAGAMENTO DA FRICATIVA GLOTAL PÓS-VOCÁLICA NA VARIEDADE LINGUÍSTICA POTIGUAR | DELETION OF THE GLOTTAL FRICATIVE POSTVOCALIC IN THE POTIGUAR LINGUISTIC VARIETY." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, no. 54 (January 12, 2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/2176-4794ell.v0i54.15248.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Este trabalho apresenta uma análise variacional da fricativa glotal /h/ pós-vocálica na variedade potiguar. Observamos as ocorrências dessa consoante no Atlas Linguístico do Centro-Oeste Potiguar e as codificamos para o cálculo estatístico no sistema <em>Goldvarb X</em>. O fator linguístico da tonicidade não é relevante para a compreensão do fenômeno do apagamento, porém o fator social de gênero/sexo confirma que as mulheres são mais sensíveis ao uso de vocábulos padrão e que os falantes entre 18 a 32 utilizam com menor frequência o apagamento.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>This paper presents a variational analysis of the glottal fricative /h/ post-vowel in the Potiguar variety. We observed the occurrences of this consonant in the Linguistic Atlas of the Midwest Potiguar and coded theim in order to calculate statistically in the Goldvarb X system. The linguistic factor of the stressed syllable is irrelevant to understand the deletion phenomenon, but the social factor of gender/sex confirms that woman are more sensitive to the use of this linguistic pattern and speakers between 18 to 32 years use less frequently the deletion.</em></p><p class="Pr-formataoHTML1">Keywords: <em>Potiguar Variety; Glottal Fricative; Deletion; Goldvarb X.</em></p>
13
Hedrick, Mark. "Effect of Acoustic Cues on Labeling Fricatives and Affricates." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 4 (August 1997): 925–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4004.925.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have shown that manipulation of frication amplitude relative to vowel amplitude in the third formant frequency region affects labeling of place of articulation for the fricative contrast /s/- /∫/(Hedrick & Ohde, 1993; Stevens, 1985). The current study examined the influence of this relative amplitude manipulation in conjunction with presentation level, frication duration, and formant transition cues for labeling fricative place of articulation by listeners with normal hearing and listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. Synthetic consonant-vowel (CV) stimuli were used in which the amplitude of the frication relative to vowel onset amplitude in the third formant frequency region was manipulated across a 20 dB range. The listeners with hearing loss appeared to have more difficulty using the formant transition component than the relative amplitude component for the labeling task than most listeners with normal hearing. A second experiment was performed with the same stimuli in which the listeners were given one additional labeling response alternative, the affricate /t∫/. Results from this experiment showed that listeners with normal hearing gave more /t∫/labels as relative amplitude and presentation level increased and frication duration decreased. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the number of affricate responses, as listeners with hearing loss gave fewer /t∫/labels.
14
Kuehn, David P., and Jerald B. Moon. "Velopharyngeal Closure Force and Levator Veli Palatini Activation Levels in Varying Phonetic Contexts." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 1 (February 1998): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4101.51.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to measure velopharyngeal closure force in varying phonetic contexts for normal men and women subjects. Levator veli palatini muscle activity was measured as well. Place and manner of articulation, voicing, and the effects of consonant sequencing were studied in different vowel contexts. When the data were grouped by sex of subject, no differences were found in absolute values of velopharyngeal closure force for the men versus women subjects. As expected, nonnasal consonants were produced with greater velopharyngeal closure force than nasal consonants. High vowels were produced with greater closure force than low vowels. Closure force was greater for voiceless than for voiced consonants but only for the men and only within /i/ and /u/ contexts. The lingua-dorsal consonant was associated with greater closure force than the lingua-apical consonant but only for the men and only in the high-back vowel environment. Significant differences in closure force were not found between fricatives or stops. A tendency for greater closure force for the fricative consonant was observed when the fricative followed rather than preceded the nasal consonant. Vowel identity had an effect on closure force during consonant production in the men in that closure force was greater for /s/ and /n/ in high versus low vowel contexts. Men exhibited a larger number of significant differences in closure force than did the women. The results suggest that velopharyngeal closure force is not controlled by a single muscle (the levator veli palatini) but that other muscles and mechanical factors are likely contributors.
15
Murphy, Cristina Ferraz Borges, Luciana de Oliveira Pagan-Neves, Eliane Schochat, and Haydée Fiszbein Wertzner. "Análise acústica de características temporais de consoantes no Português Brasileiro." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia 14, no. 3 (2009): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-80342009000300004.
Full textAbstract:
OBJETIVO: Analisar acusticamente as consoantes plosivas /p, b, t, d, k, g/ e fricativas /f, v, s, z,∫,<img src="/img/revistas/rsbf/v14n3/simbZ.gif" align="absmiddle">/ do Português Brasileiro em relação às variáveis duração, frequência e variação de oitavas por segundo. MÉTODOS: A produção de palavras contendo os sons-alvo foi analisada por meio de uma prova de imitação de palavras. Cada participante, com idades entre oito e dez anos repetiram uma série de palavras isoladas retiradas de uma lista foneticamente balanceada para o Português Brasileiro. Os parâmetros analisados foram: duração do som-alvo (fricativo ou plosivo) e valores das frequências inicial e final do F2 medidos em Hz. A partir destes valores foi calculada a variação de oitavas por segundo presente no F2 de cada consoante e, posteriormente, foi realizada a média para todos os sons. RESULTADOS: Quanto à duração das consoantes, os valores variaram entre 31 ms e 170,5 ms. Em relação ao F2, os valores variaram entre 2617 Hz na frequência inicial da plosiva sonora /b/, até 4557 Hz, valor médio da frequência inicial observado na fricativa sonora /z/. Em relação à variação de oitavas por segundo presentes no F2, a maior variação foi encontrada para a plosiva surda /p/ (16,23 oitavas por segundo) e a menor para a fricativa surda /S/ (1,624 oitavas por segundo). Considerando a média para todos os sons-alvo analisados, o valor encontrado foi de aproximadamente 6,8 oitavas por segundo. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores observados serão úteis para a elaboração de testes e de treinamentos auditivos contendo estímulos auditivos não-verbais semelhantes às características temporais presentes no Português Brasileiro.
16
Auriemmo, Jane, Francis Kuk, Chi Lau, Susan Marshall, Natalie Thiele, Margaret Pikora, Debra Quick, and Patricia Stenger. "Effect of Linear Frequency Transposition on Speech Recognition and Production of School-Age Children." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 20, no. 05 (May 2009): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.5.2.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of linear frequency transposition (LFT) for a group of school-age children. Research Design: A nonrandomized, within-subject design was implemented to investigate vowel and consonant recognition and fricative articulation of school-age children utilizing this feature. Study Sample: Ten children, aged 6 years and 3 months, to 13 years and 6 months from a special education school district participated in this study. Individual hearing thresholds ranged from normal to moderate in the low frequencies and from severe to profound in the high frequencies. Average language age of children was within 2.2 years of chronological age. Data Collection and Analysis: Phoneme recognition and fricative articulation performance were compared for three conditions: (1) with the children's own hearing aids, (2) with an advanced hearing instrument utilizing LFT, and (3) with the same instrument without LFT. Nonsense syllable materials were administered at 30 and 50 dB HL input levels. Fricative articulation was measured by analyzing speech samples of conversational speech and oral reading passages. Repeated measures general linear model was utilized to determine the significance of any noted effects. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in vowel and consonant recognition with LFT for the 30 dB HL input level. Significant improvement in the accuracy of production of high-frequency (HF) fricatives after six weeks of use of LFT was also observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that LFT is a potentially useful hearing aid feature for school-age children with a precipitous HF sensorineural hearing loss.
17
Tetzloff, Katerina A. "Exceptionality in Spanish Onset Clusters." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 9, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 245–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.9.1.5321.
Full textAbstract:
Spanish complex onsets have been traditionally described as consisting of a stop (/p, t, k, b, d, g/) or the fricative /f/ plus a liquid. Given that all Spanish varieties have other fricatives (/x, s/), the obstruents that can form part of an onset cluster do not straightforwardly compose a natural class. As such, past studies have argued that /f/ is exceptional in its ability as a fricative to pattern with stops in onset clusters. This paper presents empirical data from a nonce word judgment task that challenges this claim and shows that Spanish listeners rate unattested /xr/ clusters as more acceptable than ungrammatical /sr/ clusters. These results suggest that /s/, and not /f/, is exceptional in its inability to form complex onsets in Spanish. As /s/ is the sole sibilant in the Spanish consonant inventory and is uniquely characterized by the feature [strident], this generalization is easily capturable in an Optimality Theory framework. This analysis further predicts that other non-sibilant fricatives should also be acceptable in onset cluster position, such as /θ/, which is supported by data from a follow-up study with speakers of Peninsular Spanish who have this phoneme in their dialect. This analysis also predicts that other sibilants should be unacceptable in onset clusters. This is supported by data from the related languages Portuguese and Catalan that have other sibilant phonemes (/z, ʃ, ʒ/)yet also have similar onset cluster phonotactics as Spanish in that they disallow all sibilants from being in an onset cluster.
18
Batista, Patrick Santos, and Ubiratã Kickhöfel Alves. "Produção da duração vocálica de pares mínimos encerrados por [s] e [z] do inglês (L2 por aprendizes porto-alegrenses." Signótica 30, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/sig.v30i4.51612.
Full textAbstract:
Neste estudo, investigamos como aprendizes brasileiros de Inglês estão produzindo, em termos de duração vocálica que precede a consoante final, pares mínimos encerrados pelas fricativas [s] e [z], tais como “niece” [s] vs. “knees” [z]. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos a partir da leitura em voz alta de 60 frases-veículo, realizada por 20 participantes, divididos em dois grupos de proficiência. As análises dos valores absolutos e relativos de duração vocálica revelaram que os aprendizes estão produzindo vogais mais longas quando precedentes à fricativa final sonora [z], independentemente de seu grupo de proficiência.
19
Fauzi, Fakhri. "Error Analysis of Sundanese English Pronunciation on Fricatives Sound." Buletin Al-Turas 20, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v20i1.3756.
Full textAbstract:
Abstraks Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang biasanya ditemukan pada mahasiswa suku Sunda yang ada di jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris tahun ajaran 2013 dalam mengikuti matakuliah pronounciation, khususnya pada masalah bunyi mendesis. Adapun fokus penelitian ini ditujukan pada mahasiswa baru yang berlatarbelakang budaya Sunda dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keakurasian pengucapan kata-kata yang mengandung unsur desisan/desahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Peneliti sebagai pengumpul data melakukan hal-hal sebagai berikut: melalui observasi langsung terhadap mahasiswa suku Sunda. Merekam atau mencatat cara pengucapan (pronounciation) dan menganalisis kesalahan-kesalahannya berdasrkan konsep Error Analisis dari beberapa sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa yang berasal dari Sunda pada umumnya bnyak melakukan kesalahan dalam pengucapan kata-kata yang mengandung desahan. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan koreksi dan masukan bagi para pelajar atau mahasiswa yang berasal dari Sunda.---Abstract This study is aimed to find out the errors that commonly made by Sundanese student of English Letters Department in the year 2013 who already taken a pronunciation class, in pronouncing a fricative sounds. The reseacher focuses on freshman student who has Sundanese cultural background to know their accuracy in pronouncing some fricative’s words. The reseacher uses qualitative method on writing his thesis. He also analyzes the collected data through descriptive analysis technique in order to reach the objective of the research. The reseacher involves himself to collect data by observing the respondents, recording their pronunciation and analyzing the error on their pronunciation based on theories of error analysis which are taken from some relevant references. On the conclusion, the reseacher finds that Sundanese student of English Letters Department are made some error on their pronunciation. Error of omission and error of addition are found on the vowels and consonant sound except the fricatives sound. While error of selection, is occurred both on the fricatives sound and the rest of sound. The reseacher also finds that overgeneralization is one of the reasons why the Sundanese student made errors on their pronunciation.
20
González, Carolina. "Phonetic variation in voiced obstruents in North-Central Peninsular Spanish." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, no. 1 (June 2002): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100302000129.
Full textAbstract:
In Spanish, /b, d, [vvplosive]/ are usually spirantized to voiced approximants in all syllabic contexts after a continuant sound. However, in North-Central Peninsular Spanish (NCS), spirantization interacts with coda devoicing, yielding voiceless fricatives. In the majority of cases, coda /b, d, [vvplosive]/ occur in stressed syllables. This work examines whether or not stress is a factor in the likelihood of frication and devoicing of coda /b, d, [vvplosive]/ in this dialect. An acoustic study was conducted of nine native speakers from NCS. These speakers were tested on nonce words with /b, d, [vvplosive]/ in coda position in both stressed and unstressed syllables. Measurements were made of vowel and consonant duration, presence and absence of frication and voicing, and voicing duration. The results show that frication is more likely in stressed syllables than in unstressed syllables. This suggests that in stressed syllables, a higher subglottal pressure produces higher airflow across the glottis, thereby favoring frication. In turn, frication inhibits voicing due to conflicting aerodynamic requirements between the two. We conclude that stress is a factor in spirantization and that it may indirectly affect the voicing properties of /b, d, [vvplosive]/.
21
Alqahtani, Mufleh Salem M. "Sonority Sequencing Principle in Sabzevari Persian: A Constraint-Based Approach." Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 434–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0024.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study sheds light on the relationship between the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and syllable structure in Sabzevari, a Persian vernacular spoken in the Sabzevar area of Northeast Iran. Optimality Theory (OT), as a constraint-based approach, is utilized to scrutinize sonority violation and its repair strategies. The results suggest that obedience to the SSP is mandatory in Sabzevari, as shown through the treatment of word-final clusters in Standard Persian words which violate the SSP. These consonant clusters are avoided in Sabzevari by two phonological processes: vowel epenthesis and metathesis. Vowel epenthesis is motivated by final consonant clusters of the forms /fricative+coronal nasal/, /plosive+bilabial nasal/, /fricative+bilabial nasal/, /plosive+rhotic/, /fricative+rhotic/, and /plosive+lateral/. Metathesis, as another repair strategy for sonority sequencing violations, occurs when dealing with final consonant clusters of the forms /plosive+fricative/and / fricative+lateral/.
22
Recasens, Daniel. "Velar and dental stop consonant softening in Romance." Diachronica 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 186–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.2.02rec.
Full textAbstract:
Experimental and descriptive evidence from the Romance languages suggests that velar and dental stop consonant softening, i.e., the process by which stops of these places of articulation turn mostly into palatoalveolar or alveolar affricates or fricatives, has proceeded gradually through intermediate (alveolo)palatal stop realizations. Several arguments are adduced in support of this interpretation: the presence of (alveolo)palatal stops and of (alveolo)palatal consonants of other manners of articulation in Romance languages and dialects, whether through gestural blending, gestural strengthening or other production strategies; alternations between (alveolo)palatal stops and affricates in several dialectal areas; variability in closure location for (alveolo)palatal stops in general, which accounts for their confusion with dental or velar stops; experimental evidence from speech production and perception studies. Moreover, there appears to be a plausible relationship between (alveolo)palatal stop realizations differing in closure fronting, and differences in fronting in the affricate and fricative outcomes of original Latin dental and velar stops. Historically, those differences depend mainly on place of articulation and voicing for the original stop as well as on the contextual and position conditions in which the stop occurred. The present investigation reveals that fine articulatory detail needs to be taken into consideration in the formulation of phonetic explanations of sound change.
23
Domingo, Precious C. "Frequent Errors in Consonant Sound Production of Elementary Education Teachers at Visayas State University." E-Structural 3, no. 02 (December 30, 2020): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v3i02.4221.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Pronunciation is essential in language learning; thus, English learners as a second language should strive for articulateness in sound patterns in English. This study aimed to determine the commonly mispronounced consonant sound of the Bachelor of Elementary Education students of the Visayas State University according to the manner and place of articulation. The instrument used in the study is the Golden-Fristoe Test of Articulation, which is composed of 44 words containing the different consonant sounds in English. The study results revealed that most consonant sounds misarticulated by the respondents were fricatives /z/, the nasal consonant sound /m/, the fricative sound /ð/, the affricate /dz/. With respect to the place of articulation, most consonant sounds misarticulated by the respondents concerning the place of articulation were alveolar /z/, the velar consonant sound /m/, the interdental sound /ð/, the post-alveolar /dz/. With these results, it is expected for the Filipino English language teachers to focus on teaching the alveolar and labiodental fricatives in teaching the consonant sounds because most students failed to articulate these sounds correctly.Keywords: English language, consonant sounds, pronunciationAbstrak. Pelafalan sangat penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Oleh karena itu, pelajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua harus berusaha keras untuk mengartikulasikan pola bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bunyi konsonan yang sering salah diucapkan pada mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Dasar Universitas Negeri Visayas menurut cara dan tempat artikulasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Golden-Fristoe Test of Articulation, yang terdiri atas 44 kata yang berisi bunyi konsonan yang berbeda dalam bahasa Inggris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bunyi konsonan yang paling banyak salah artikulasi oleh responden adalah bunyi konsonan / z /, bunyi konsonan nasal / m /, bunyi frikatif / ð /, afrikat / dz /. Sehubungan dengan tempat artikulasi, sebagian besar bunyi konsonan yang salah diartikulasikan oleh responden mengenai tempat artikulasi adalah alveolar / z /, bunyi konsonan velar / m /, bunyi interdental / ð /, post-alveolar / dz /. Dengan hasil tersebut diharapkan para pengajar bahasa Inggris Filipina dapat fokus dalam mengajarkan frikatif alveolar dan labiodental dalam mengajarkan bunyi konsonan karena sebagian besar siswa gagal mengucapkan bunyi tersebut dengan benar. Kata kunci: bahasa Inggris, bunyi konsonan, pelafalan
24
Ceron, Marizete Ilha, Marileda Barichello Gubiani, Camila Rosa de Oliveira, and Márcia Keske-Soares. "Factors Influencing Consonant Acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese–Speaking Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-15-0208.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose We sought to provide valid and reliable data on the acquisition of consonant sounds in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Method The sample comprised 733 typically developing monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months]). The presence of surface speech error patterns, the revised percentage consonants correct, and the age of sound acquisition were evaluated using phonological assessment software. The normative values for these variables were reported using means and standard deviations. Results Age had a significant impact on phoneme production. Increasing age was generally associated with an increase in correct phoneme production, a reduction in error patterns, and an increase in scores on revised percentage consonants correct. Phonological error patterns persisted for a longer time in consonants and consonant clusters acquired later in development. The 2 youngest age groups differed from the remainder of the sample on the frequency of the following phonological patterns: cluster reduction, liquid gliding, fricative deletion–coda, and weak-syllable deletion. Performance was similar between groups starting at 5;0 years old. Conclusion This study confirmed that nasal and stop consonants are acquired first, followed by fricatives and, finally, liquids. We suggest that future studies replicate our investigation in larger samples and younger age groups.
25
He, Fei, Geyi Zhou, Xinyi He, Heng Yin, and Ling He. "Automatic detection of pharyngeal fricative in cleft palate speech." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824603007.
Full textAbstract:
Pharyngeal fricative occurs during the production of consonants, which makes the consonants lose or weaken in cleft palate speech. In clinical application, the automatic detection of pharyngeal fricative in cleft palate speech could provide objective and effective assistant aids for speech language pathologists. In this paper, a novel acoustic parameter is proposed to detect the existence of pharyngeal fricative in cleft palate speech. This proposed acoustic feature ICPD (Independent Consonant Prominent Distribution) reflects the movement of mouth and tongue. The experimental results show that normal fricative has the higher ICPD. The extracted ICPD feature is combined with k-nearest neighbor classifier to achieve the automatic detection of pharyngeal fricative. The proposed system is tested on 127 speech samples recorded by cleft palate patients and 94 by normal speakers of controls. The overall pharyngeal fricative detection accuracy is around 90%.
26
Bell, Theodore S., Donald D. Dirks, and Gail E. Kincaid. "Closed-Set Effects in Consonant Confusion Patterns." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 4 (December 1989): 944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3204.944.
Full textAbstract:
Invariance of error patterns in confusion matrices of varying dimensions were examined. Normal-hearing young adults were presented closed-set arrangements of digitized syllable tokens, spoken by 1 male and 1 female talker, and selected from a set of 14 consonants (stops and fricatives). Each consonant was paired with the vowel /a/ in a vowel-consonant format and presented at three intensity levels. Patterns of errors among voiceless stops and among voiced fricatives were dependent on the set of alternatives. Voiceless fricatives and voiced stops were not significantly affected by the number of response alternatives. Speaker differences, individual differences among listeners, and implications relating to the generalization of confusion data collected in small closed-set arrangements arc discussed.
27
Hedrick, Mark S., and Arlene Earley Carney. "Effect of Relative Amplitude and Formant Transitions on Perception of Place of Articulation by Adult Listeners With Cochlear Implants." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 6 (December 1997): 1445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4006.1445.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have shown that manipulation of a particular frequency region of the consonantal portion of a syllable relative to the amplitude of the same frequency region in an adjacent vowel influences the perception of place of articulation. This manipulation has been called the relative amplitude cue. Earlier studies have examined the effect of relative amplitude and formant transition manipulations upon labeling place of articulation for fricatives and stop consonants in listeners with normal hearing. The current study sought to determine if (a) the relative amplitude cue is used by adult listeners wearing a cochlear implant to label place of articulation, and (b) adult listeners wearing a cochlear implant integrated the relative amplitude and formant transition information differently than listeners with normal hearing. Sixteen listeners participated in the study, 12 with normal hearing and 4 postlingually deafened adults wearing the Nucleus 22 electrode Mini Speech Processor implant with the multipeak processing strategy. The stimuli used were synthetic consonant-vowel (CV) syllables in which relative amplitude and formant transitions were manipulated. The two speech contrasts examined were the voiceless fricative contrast /s/-/∫/and the voiceless stop consonant contrast /p/-/t/. For each contrast, listeners were asked to label the consonant sound in the syllable from the two response alternatives. Results showed that (a) listeners wearing this implant could use relative amplitude to consistently label place of articulation, and (b) listeners with normal hearing integrated the relative amplitude and formant transition information more than listeners wearing a cochlear implant, who weighted the relative amplitude information as much as 13 times that of the transition information.
28
Massaro, Dominic W., and Joanna Light. "Using Visible Speech to Train Perception and Production of Speech for Individuals With Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 2 (April 2004): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/025).
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this study was to implement a computer-animated talking head, Baldi, as a language tutor for speech perception and production for individuals with hearing loss. Baldi can speak slowly; illustrate articulation by making the skin transparent to reveal the tongue, teeth, and palate; and show supplementary articulatory features, such as vibration of the neck to show voicing and turbulent airflow to show frication. Seven students with hearing loss between the ages of 8 and 13 were trained for 6 hours across 21 weeks on 8 categories of segments (4 voiced vs. voiceless distinctions, 3 consonant cluster distinctions, and 1 fricative vs. affricate distinction). Training included practice at the segment and the word level. Perception and production improved for each of the 7 children. Speech production also generalized to new words not included in the training lessons. Finally, speech production deteriorated somewhat after 6 weeks without training, indicating that the training method rather than some other experience was responsible for the improvement that was found.
29
Marchesin, Vanessa Clarizia, and Maria Cecília Martinelli Iório. "Study of the long-term effects of frequency compression by behavioral verbal tests in adults." CoDAS 27, no. 1 (February 2015): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152014165.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: To verify the effect of long-term use of hearing aids with frequency compression for verbal behavior tests and daily activities. METHODS: Thirty-two adults, aged between 30 and 60 years old, with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies with steeply sloping configuration were divided into two groups: 16 with hearing aids with frequency compression algorithm enabled and 16 not enabled. All participants underwent the detection tests of consonant sounds, monosyllable recognition in quiet environments, identification of fricative monosyllables, and Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) questionnaire in five times throughout a 12-month trial. RESULTS: Detection of consonant sounds, recognition of monosyllables in quiet environments and identification of fricative monosyllables improved significantly with frequency compression enabled. Participants had their APHAB scores improved whether they were adapted to the frequency compression or not. CONCLUSION: Frequency compression provides the anticipated improvement in audibility, detection of high-frequency consonant sounds, and recognition of monosyllables.
30
Quy, Nguyen Tran. "Acoustic properties of Vietnamese initial consonants." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1i4.465.
Full textAbstract:
In acoustic phonetic research, phonetic data is needed to prove authenticity. The acoustic phonetic analysis method is valid for verifying previous phonetic hypotheses. Thereby, lay the foundations of science to reinforce the notion of phonetic or phonetic study. The formant frequencies F1, F2, F3 are considered as the basis for measuring vowels. According to consonants, the length of VOT, formant transitions, antiformants, and locus frequencies will be noted. In this article, we present the basis to measure Vietnamese initial consonants such as: voiced consonants, voiceless consonants, stop consonants, fricative consonants, nasal consonants. The voiced consonants will have a voice bar and voiceless consonants will have no voice bar. Fricative consonants always have higher frequencies than stop consonants. Based on the spectral image of a consonant, we can determine the articulation of consonants. The acoustic properties of the nasal consonant and lateral consonant are nearly identical to the acoustic properties of the vowels, because in the construction of these consonants, the vocal cords are more vibrating.
31
Ansel, Beth M., and Raymond D. Kent. "Acoustic-Phonetic Contrasts and Intelligibility in the Dysarthria Associated With Mixed Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 2 (April 1992): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3502.296.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the relationship between specific acoustic features of speech and perceptual judgments of word intelligibility of adults with cerebral palsy-dysarthria. Use of a contrasting word task allowed for intelligibility analysis and correlated acoustic analysis according to specified spectral and temporal features. Selected phonemic contrasts included syllable-initial voicing; syllable-final voicing; stop-nasal; fricative-affricate; front-back, high-low, and tense-lax vowels. Speech materials included a set of CVC stimulus words. Acoustic data are reported on vowel duration, formant frequency locations, voice onset times, amplitude rise times, and frication durations. Listeners’ perceptual assessment of intelligibility of the 16 dysarthric adults by transcription and rating tasks is also presented. All but one acoustic contrast was successfully made as evidenced by measured acoustic differences between contrast pairs. However, the generally successful acoustic contrasts stood in marked contrast to the poorly rated intelligibility scores and high error percentages that were ascribed to the opposite pair members. A second analysis examined the contribution of these acoustic features towards estimates and prediction of intelligibility deficits in speakers with dysarthria. The scaled intelligibility was predicted by multiple regression analysis with 62.6% accuracy by acoustic measures related to one consonant contrast (fricative-affricate) and three vowel contrasts (front-back, high-low, and tense-lax). Other measured contrasts, such as those related to contrast voicing effects and stop-nasal distinctions, did not seem to contribute in a significant way to variability in the intelligibility estimates. These findings are discussed in relation to specific areas of production deficiency that are consistent across different types of dysarthria with cerebral palsy as the etiology.
32
Sun, Ting, Hong Zhi Yu, and Ya Sheng Jin. "An Acoustics Study on Prepositional Consonant [h] in Xiahe Tibetan." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1791.
Full textAbstract:
The voiceless consonant [h] can be collocated with the voiceless plosives, voiceless affricates, voiceless fricatives, nasals, laterals, etc. This paper makes a study on different collocations with duration and spectrum, with the result , it is can be seen that, the differences are greater among the acoustic characteristics of [h] as initial consonant and prepositional consonant, and that present the different ways of pronunciation.
33
Iivonen, Antti, and Geoffrey Hunt. "Letters to the Editor." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22, no. 1-2 (June 1992): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004631.
Full textAbstract:
Martin Kioster-Jensen (1991) has traced the origin of the view that [h] is a glottal fricative back to the German scholar Brücke (1876). According to MK-J, this wrong view has been repeated in the manuals of phonetics since then and appears again in the new IPA consonant chart.
34
Sawicka-Stępińska, Brygida. "Hacia una clasificación automatizada de los alófonos de /s/ en el español guayaquileño." Estudios Hispánicos 28 (January 14, 2021): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-2546.28.8.
Full textAbstract:
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo generar una manera de clasificar automáticamente los alófonos de /s/ retenidos y debilitados tras encontrar una correspondencia entre sus parámetros acústicos y el tipo cualitativo de la realización. El conjunto de datos utilizado para este studio proviene del CHARG (Corpus de Habla Radiofónica de Guayaquil). Los parámetros considerados para la descripción acústica de la consonante fricativa en cuestión son: la duración (DUR), el centro de gravedad (COG) y el porcentaje de ensordecimiento (UNVOI). Esta elección se fundamenta en la ratificación de su valor indicativo de la lenición del fonema. Para llevar a cabo la tarea, se extrajeron los valores de los parámetros acústicos. Como siguiente paso, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente el 30% de las observaciones y se clasificaron perceptivamente como retenidas o debilitadas. El análisis estadístico reveló una correlación débil pero significativa entre los parámetros, y una correlación satisfactoria entre los valores de DUR/COG/UNVOI y los resultados de la evaluación perceptiva de las fricativas. El presente estudio es una etapa inicial para elaborar un algoritmo entrenado para la clasificación de consonantes en categorías discretas basadas en medidas acústicas objetivas, trabajando con grandes bases de datos obtenidos fuera de laboratorio.
35
Shim, Yoon Joo, Gyu Jong Cho, Hee-Nam Kim, Young Myoung Kim, and Sung Kyun Moon. "Comparison of Speech Recognition Ability with Different Speech Processing Strategies by Korean Cochlear Implantees." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 8 (August 1992): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210100806.
Full textAbstract:
Many variables affect the audiologic performance of cochlear implantees. With current methods of evaluation, it is difficult to directly compare auditory function with different speech coding strategies. We compared the audiologic performance directly with F0F1F2 and multipeak speech coding strategies in the same implanted ear of eight Korean cochlear implantees. We tested word and phoneme recognition abilities using Korean word lists for speech audiometry and two-syllable nonsense words, respectively. With the multipeak coding strategy, a significant difference in discrimination ability was found in the initial fricative consonant phonemes (/s/, /ss/, /h/). Our results suggest that the improvement of speech recognition ability with the multipeak coding strategy comes primarily from the better understanding of the initial fricative consonants.
36
Guduric, Snezana, and Dragoljub Petrovic. "Une contribution à l'étude de la nature phonétique des sons en langue Serbe: Sons fricatifs." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 73–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864073g.
Full textAbstract:
(francuski) Ce texte porte sur la nature phon?tique des sons fricatifs, en particulier sur les modifications de leur nature en vu de leur position dans les cha?nes sonores concr?tes. On propose un nouveau classement de consonnes en langue serbe qui consiste en ajout des sons [j] et [v] dans la classe de fricatifs, ayant en vu la nature acoustico-articulatioire de ces deux sons dans la langue moderne.
37
Punišić, Silvana, Slobodan T. Jovičić, Miško Subotić, and Jasmina Stojanović. "Psychoacoustic evaluation of acoustic features distortion in fricative consonant of speech." Applied Acoustics 171 (January 2021): 107564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107564.
Full text
38
Staroverov, Peter, and Darya Kavitskaya. "Tundra Nenets consonant sandhi as coalescence." Linguistic Review 34, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 331–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2017-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Consonant cluster simplification in Tundra Nenets coexists with other consonantal alternations, such as fricative strengthening, lenition of stops, and a variety of NC-effects, which all apply within the same phrasal domain. These processes interact with each other, suggesting an opaque ordering within the same post-lexical domain and thus presenting a challenge not only for inherently parallel theories like classical Optimality Theory, but also for the cyclic derivational approaches such as Stratal OT. We analyze all instances of Tundra Nenets cluster simplification as coalescence and show that a variety of apparently opaque alternations accompanying cluster simplification can be seen as transparent on this account. We also argue that strengthening in consonant clusters is caused by an intermediate stage where coda obstruents lose their place and turn into a glottal stop.
39
Davis, Garry W., and Gregory K. Iverson. "Segment Organization in the High German Consonant Shift." American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 7, no. 2 (1995): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700001566.
Full textAbstract:
In consequence of the familiar High German consonant shift, the voiceless stops /p t k/ became the affricates /pf ts kx/, simplifying later to the geminate fricatives /ff ss (‘ƷƷ’) xx/ in certain environments. It has long been assumed that the affricates developed only from aspirated allophones of /p t k/, thus accounting for the retention of plain stops in /s/-clusters and a few other positions, but it is not obvious why particularly aspiration, ensuing from a laryngeal gesture of spread glottis, should have resulted in the oral property of affrication. Neither is it clear how etymologically simplex segments, upon deaffrication in certain environments, might have resulted in geminates without further stipulation. Proceeding from essentially traditional assumptions, and at the same time addressing important questions about Germanic phonetics raised by Vennemann (1984), the present paper attributes the triggering of the affrication event to an early factoring out, or segmentalization, of the feature for aspiration, i.e., pre-OHG [phthkh] → [ph th kh]. Explanations are then proposed for the development of affricates out of these now disegmental sequences via place assimilation from the stops, and of the affricates into geminate fricatives (postvocalically and in some postconsonantal environments) via assimilatory weakening.
40
Mallapiang, Yasser. "IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION ABILITY THROUGH NRT (NOTICING-REFORMULATION TASK)." EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2015): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ejpbi.v4i2.929.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed at explaining the improvement of the students’ pronunciation ability in terms of English consonant dealing with fricative and affricative and English vowel dealing with front vowel and central vowel. To explain the improvement, the researcher used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was conducted in two cycles in which every cycle consisted of four meetings. The location of this research was taken at the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Jeneponto with the number of the subject 28 students with 25 women and 3 men. Instruments are pronunciation/reading test and observation. The findings of the research were students’ improvement in English consonant of the English fricative consonant was 2.9 in data source (D-Test), 4.2 in cycle 1 and then, it became 6.4 in cycle 2 whereas in English affricative consonant was 3.0 in data source (D-Test), 4.2 in cycle 1 and then, it became 6.6 in cycle II. The students’ pronunciation ability of English front vowel was 3.3 in data source (D-Test), 4.6 in cycle 1 and then, it became 6.7 in cycle 2. English Central Vowel was 3.4 in data source (D-Test), 4.7 in cycle 1 and then, it became 6.8 in cycle 2.The students’ observation was 50.1 % in cycle 1 and it became 72.9 % in cycle 2. It means that NRT (Noticing-Reformulation Task)is one of the effective teaching strategies for the eleventh grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Jeneponto to improve their pronunciation ability.
41
Rutter, Ben. "Acoustic analysis of a sound change in progress: The consonant cluster /stɹ/ in English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41, no. 1 (March 28, 2011): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100310000307.
Full textAbstract:
For some speakers of English, realization of the fricative in the consonant cluster /stɹ/may be undergoing a sound change in progress. Previous reports suggest that /s/ is being realized as the postalveolar fricative [ʃ], with the approximant /ɹ/ as a possible trigger. Research in sociolinguistics also indicates that there may be various intermediate stages of the change, falling somewhere between a typical /ʃ/ and /s/. However, information about the precise phonetic characteristics of these novel variants is still sparse, and existing sociolinguistic studies have not compared speakers’ realization of /stɹ/ to their typical /s/ and /ʃ/ productions. This paper uses the acoustic measurement of spectral peak to compare ten English speakers’ productions of the onsets /ʃ/, /ʃɹ/, /stɹ/, and /s/. The findings suggest that the majority of tokens produced by these speakers fall within their normal range for /ʃ/, with only limited evidence of intermediate forms. It is proposed that spectral peak measurement seems to be a stable method for use in future research categorizing variants of /stɹ/. However, this should include comparison to subjects’ normal /ʃ/ productions.
42
Lee-Kim, Sang-Im. "Revisiting Mandarin ‘apical vowels’: An articulatory and acoustic study." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44, no. 3 (November 25, 2014): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000267.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigates the articulatory and acoustic properties of the unique apical segments in Mandarin Chinese that occur after dental and retroflex sibilants instead of the high front vowel [i]. An ultrasound study showed that the segments are homorganic with the preceding dental and retroflex sibilants. However, an acoustic study showed that they have a periodic waveform and clear formant structures with no inherent frication noise, indicating that they are not ‘voiced fricatives’. The results also suggest that the observed F2 pattern can only be explained with an acoustic model of a sonorant consonant, wherein F2 is attributed to the cavity behind the apical constriction. Based on this, it is argued that the segments can be best seen as ‘dental approximant []’ and ‘retroflex approximant [ɻ]’. A phonological implication of the pattern is also discussed: the co-occurrence restriction with the high front vowel eliminates a potential chance of palatalization of the dental and retroflex sibilants that may lead to neutralization of the place contrast. The tongue front gesture in the following approximants seems to provide an additional cue to the place of the preceding consonants; the low F3 of [ɻ], for example, enhances cues to the place of the preceding retroflex sibilant.
43
Vallée, Nathalie, Louis-Jean Boë, Jean-Luc Schwartz, Pierre Badin, and Christian Abry. "weight of phonetic substance in the structure of sound inventories." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 28 (January 1, 2002): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.28.2002.163.
Full textAbstract:
In the research field initiated by Lindblom & Liljencrants in 1972, we illustrate the possibility of giving substance to phonology, predicting the structure of phonological systems with nonphonological principles, be they listener-oriented (perceptual contrast and stability) or speaker-oriented (articulatory contrast and economy). We proposed for vowel systems the Dispersion-Focalisation Theory (Schwartz et al., 1997b). With the DFT, we can predict vowel systems using two competing perceptual constraints weighted with two parameters, respectively λ and α. The first one aims at increasing auditory distances between vowel spectra (dispersion), the second one aims at increasing the perceptual salience of each spectrum through formant proximities (focalisation). We also introduced new variants based on research in physics - namely, phase space (λ,α) and polymorphism of a given phase, or superstructures in phonological organisations (Vallée et al., 1999) which allow us to generate 85.6% of 342 UPSID systems from 3- to 7-vowel qualities. No similar theory for consonants seems to exist yet. Therefore we present in detail a typology of consonants, and then suggest ways to explain plosive vs. fricative and voiceless vs. voiced consonants predominances by i) comparing them with language acquisition data at the babbling stage and looking at the capacity to acquire relatively different linguistic systems in relation with the main degrees of freedom of the articulators; ii) showing that the places “preferred” for each manner are at least partly conditioned by the morphological constraints that facilitate or complicate, make possible or impossible the needed articulatory gestures, e.g. the complexity of the articulatory control for voicing and the aerodynamics of fricatives. A rather strict coordination between the glottis and the oral constriction is needed to produce acceptable voiced fricatives (Mawass et al., 2000). We determine that the region where the combinations of Ag (glottal area) and Ac (constriction area) values results in a balance between the voice and noise components is indeed very narrow. We thus demonstrate that some of the main tendencies in the phonological vowel and consonant structures of the world’s languages can be explained partly by sensorimotor constraints, and argue that actually phonology can take part in a theory of Perception-for-Action-Control.
44
Davidson, Lisa, and Kevin Roon. "Durational correlates for differentiating consonant sequences in Russian." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38, no. 2 (July 22, 2008): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100308003447.
Full textAbstract:
In Russian, the same consonant sequences are permitted in various phonotactic environments. The presence of a word boundary or reduced vowel can be phonologically contrastive, and both learners and experienced listeners may rely on fine acoustic cues to discriminate between phonotactic possibilities. In this study, durational characteristics of consonant sequences are examined to establish whether speakers use duration to distinguish (a) word-initial clusters (#C1C2), (b) consonant–schwa–consonant sequences (#C1əC2), and (c) sequences divided by a word boundary (C1#C2). Both monolingual native Russian speakers and bilingual Russian–English speakers produced several types of target sequences: stop+consonant, fricative+consonant, and nasal+consonant. Results show that C2 is significantly longer in C1#C2 than in other sequences. For #C1C2, when C1 is a stop, there is no significant difference in duration when compared with other sequence types, though C1s of other manners are significantly shorter. Differences in C1 burst duration for stops are consonant-specific, but a longer interconsonantal duration is a reliable cue to schwa presence in #C1əC2. These results are discussed with respect to their implications for gestural coordination, segmentation, and language learning.
45
Tjaden, Kris, and Greg S. Turner. "Spectral Properties of Fricatives in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 6 (December 1997): 1358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4006.1358.
Full textAbstract:
Spectral characteristics of word initial /s/and /∫/produced by individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy controls were quantified using spectral moment analysis. Coefficients of the first four moments were used as descriptive indices of central tendency, spread of energy, shape, and peakedness. The relationship between select moment coefficients and consonant precision ratings was investigated to explore potential perceptual correlates of the acoustic measures. To examine whether spectra for ALS and healthy speakers were influenced similarly by context, first moment coefficients for three occurrences of /s/in “some” were inspected for individual speakers. Select moment coefficients also were compared to hand-derived spectral measures for a subset of speakers. Results suggest articulatory differences in /s/and /∫/for the present group of ALS speakers and healthy controls, as indexed by between-group differences in first moment coefficients. A linear function accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in the relationship between consonant precision ratings and the frequency difference between the first moment for /s/and /∫/. Inspection of first moment coefficients for multiple occurrences of /s/in “some” suggests context influences the first moment in a similar manner for ALS and healthy speakers. The subanalysis comparing moment coefficients and hand-derived spectral measures revealed both similarities and differences in the manner the two measurement techniques reflect spectral shape.
46
Sabat, Yuliyanto. "AN OBVERVATIONAL STUDY ON A BATAK ENGLISH LEARNER IN CONSONANT SOUND PRODUCTION." JURNAL EDUKASI: KAJIAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51836/je.v5i1.113.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports on the result of a study aiming to describe what difficulties experienced by Batak English learner in consonant sound production and the factors which cause him difficult to produce those sounds. The study was conducted to Batak English learner who is still taking pronunciation course in the first semester in the English study program at one of private universities in East Java, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative case study research design with the data collected from the analysis of students’ English consonants production and interview. The findings showed that all sounds of voiceless dental frecative consonant [θ] in initial position were pronounced into voiceless alveolar stop consonant [t] while the research participant was pronouncing the sound of voiced dental frecative consonant [ð], he mispronounced the sound into voiced alveolar stop consonant [d] in both initial and medial position. The sound of voiced alveolar affricate consonants [dʒ] was pronounced appropriately while voiceless alveolar affricate consonant was pronounced into voiceless alveolar fricative consonant [s]. The factors which cause the participant find it difficult to learn pronunciation were afraid of making mistakes, limited time to repeat it at home, and habit.
47
Brotherton, Chloe, and Aleese Block. "Soft d in Danish: Acoustic characteristics and issues in transcription." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4739.
Full textAbstract:
Danish, like closely related Swedish and Norwegian, has descended from Old Norse (Haugen 1976). While the three contemporary languages are variably mutually intelligible, Danish has phonologically diverged from the other Scandinavian languages (Gooskens 2006). This is caused by extensive consonant lenition and vowel reduction within Danish (Basbøll 2005). The lenition of <t> and <d> in syllable coda positions into a sound that Danish linguists have called soft-d is seemingly unique to the Danish. In most phonological descriptions, it is transcribed using the phonetic symbol /ð/, a voiced interdental fricative. We assert that this is not accurate; not all phonologists agree that the soft-d is a fricative. Some describe it as an alveolar semi-vowel (Haberland 1994), while others transcribe it as a velarized, retracted, and lowered alveolar approximant (Basbøll 2005). Many observe that the sound resembles lateral /l/, a distinct phoneme of Danish (Wells, 2010). Through acoustic analysis of tokens taken from the DanPASS corpus (Grønnum 2016) we show that the acoustic properties (HNR) of soft-d are indeed not the same as a fricative, but rather that of an approximant or vowel. Therefore, the use of /ð/ to transcribe this symbol is inaccurate and does not align with the goals of the International Phonetic Association.
48
McLeod, Sharynne, and Kathryn Crowe. "Children's Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Review." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 1546–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0100.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The aim of this study was to provide a cross-linguistic review of acquisition of consonant phonemes to inform speech-language pathologists' expectations of children's developmental capacity by (a) identifying characteristics of studies of consonant acquisition, (b) describing general principles of consonant acquisition, and (c) providing case studies for English, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish. Method A cross-linguistic review was undertaken of 60 articles describing 64 studies of consonant acquisition by 26,007 children from 31 countries in 27 languages: Afrikaans, Arabic, Cantonese, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Jamaican Creole, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Maltese, Mandarin (Putonghua), Portuguese, Setswana (Tswana), Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, and Xhosa. Results Most studies were cross-sectional and examined single word production. Combining data from 27 languages, most of the world's consonants were acquired by 5;0 years;months old. By 5;0, children produced at least 93% of consonants correctly. Plosives, nasals, and nonpulmonic consonants (e.g., clicks) were acquired earlier than trills, flaps, fricatives, and affricates. Most labial, pharyngeal, and posterior lingual consonants were acquired earlier than consonants with anterior tongue placement. However, there was an interaction between place and manner where plosives and nasals produced with anterior tongue placement were acquired earlier than anterior trills, fricatives, and affricates. Conclusions Children across the world acquire consonants at a young age. Five-year-old children have acquired most consonants within their ambient language; however, individual variability should be considered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6972857
49
Tsuchida Zanfra, Mayara, and Rosane Silveira. "Voicing and devoicing English alveolar fricatives: an investigation of Brazilian learners’ production." Veredas - Revista de Estudos Linguísticos 24, no. 2 (October 7, 2020): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1982-2243.2020.v24.32510.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the occurrence of voicing change in English alveolar fricatives produced by Brazilian-Portuguese (BP) speakers in different phonological contexts. The participants were 23 native speakers of BP and 4 native speakers of American English, and all of them recorded 54 English sentences containing the target sounds. The results showed that the phonological context that triggered higher rates for devoicing with /z/ were a pause and a voiceless consonant, and the phonological context that triggered higher rates of voicing with /s/ were a voiced consonant and a vowel. In addition, the presence of the <e> grapheme in word-final position influenced the production of voicing change.
50
Tjaden, Kris, and Vincent Martel-Sauvageau. "Consonant Acoustics in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of Clear and Loud Speaking Conditions." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 2S (June 22, 2017): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0090.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The impact of clear speech or an increased vocal intensity on consonant spectra was investigated for speakers with mild dysarthria secondary to multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. Method Sentences were read in habitual, clear, and loud conditions. Spectral moment coefficients were obtained for word-initial and word-medial /s/, /ʃ/, /t/, and /k/. Global production differences among conditions were confirmed with measures of vocal intensity and articulation rate. Results Static or slice-in-time first moments (M1) for loud differed most frequently from habitual, but neither loud nor clear enhanced M1 contrast for consonant pairs. In several instances, the clear and loud conditions yielded stable or nonvarying fricative M1 time histories. Spectral contrast was reduced for word-medial versus word-initial consonant pairs. Conclusion The finding that the loud and especially clear condition yielded fairly subtle changes in consonant spectra suggests these global techniques may minimally enhance consonant segmental production or contrast in mild dysarthria. The robust effect of word position on consonant spectra indicates that this variable deserves consideration in future studies. Future research also is needed to investigate how or whether consonant production bears on the improved intelligibility previously reported for these global dysarthria treatment techniques.