Journal articles: 'Conspicuous leisure'

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Arrow, Kenneth J., and Partha S. Dasgupta. "Conspicuous Consumption, Inconspicuous Leisure." Economic Journal 119, no. 541 (October 1, 2009): F497—F516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02318.x.

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Frijters, Paul, and Andrew Leigh. "Materialism on the March: From conspicuous leisure to conspicuous consumption?" Journal of Socio-Economics 37, no. 5 (October 2008): 1937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2008.07.004.

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Huang, Li, and He-ling Shi. "Keeping up with the Joneses: from conspicuous consumption to conspicuous leisure?" Oxford Economic Papers 67, no. 4 (March 4, 2015): 949–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpv021.

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Kim, Yukyoum, and Sunhwan Hwang. "Does Conspicuous Leisure Consumption Increase Leisure Satisfaction of Mountain Climbers?" Korean Journal of Physical Education 56, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2017.05.56.3.28.

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Yeon, Boon-Hong, and Sae-Sook Oh. "Relationship Between Conspicuous Leisure Consumption, Leisure Satisfaction, and Leisure Identity according to Leisure Sports Participants." Korean Journal of Lesure, Recreation & Park 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26446/kjlrp.2021.3.45.1.75.

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Daulay, Resneri. "CONSUMERISM OF LEISURE CLASS IN SINGAPORE IN KEVIN KWAN’S CRAZY RICH ASIANS: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v5i1.101.

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This research entitled “Consumerism of Leisure Class in Singapore in Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asians: A Sociological Approach”. The purpose of this study is to analyze the leisure class reflected in Singapore in the novel Crazy Rich Asians. In addition, the aim of this research is to reveal the consumerism of leisure class in Crazy Rich Asians. This novel contained the aspect about the style of consumer in Singapore. This study used the mimetic approach by M.H. Abrams. The research used qualitative method to analyze the data. This study is used two main concepts of theory of leisure class by Thorstein Veblen, these are conspicuous leisure and conspicuous consumption. The research applied the data of Singaporeans leisure class in the book Understanding Singaporeans: Values, Lifestyle, Aspirations and Consumption Behaviours by Keng et al. This study also applied the concept of uniquely Singaporean mindset in the book entitled The Cult of the Luxury Brand: Inside Asia’s Love affair with Luxury by Chadha and Paul as a tool to analyze the consumerism of leisure class in the novel Crazy Rich Asians. In this study, the researcher found two main results. First, this study indicated conspicuous leisure as a signal of leisure class in Crazy Rich Asians based on seven leisure activities of Singaporean. They are sports, social, self-improvement, various charity, travel, home, and other activities. Second, the study discover the consumerism of leisure class in the novel Crazy Rich Asians and uniquely Singaporean mindset as a main result of consumerism of leisure class in Singapore reflected in the novel Crazy Rich Asians.

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Aronsson, Thomas, and Olof Johansson-Stenman. "Conspicuous Leisure: Optimal Income Taxation When Both Relative Consumption and Relative Leisure Matter*." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 115, no. 1 (January 2013): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2012.01738.x.

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Shipman, Alan. "Lauding the Leisure Class: Symbolic Content and Conspicuous Consumption." Review of Social Economy 62, no. 3 (September 2004): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0034676042000253909.

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Bronner, Fred, and Robert de Hoog. "Comparing conspicuous consumption across different experiential products: Culture and leisure." International Journal of Market Research 61, no. 4 (September 13, 2018): 430–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785318799898.

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Consumer behavior recently underwent three main developments: a shift from material purchases to immaterial experiences, a shift from signaling status and wealth by means of consumer behavior to signaling identity, and increased social visibility due to the growing importance of social media. These trends did arouse a renewed interest in the concept of conspicuous consumption in the area of experiential purchases. Seven different types of experiential purchases are compared as regards the role of conspicuous consumption: the main summer holiday and participation in six different types of cultural events. In the culture study, the same measurement tools were used as in the leisure study. It was found that conspicuous consumption plays a role in these types of purchases. This holds true for status demonstration as well as for identity demonstration. However, there are substantial differences between the different types of cultural events. Conspicuous consumption is important to those who attend festivals, classical music concerts, and pop concerts and is of minor importance as regards going to movies. Based on these findings, we propose a tentative theory about the relationship between conspicuous consumption and type of experiential purchase. Practical implications for marketing are sketched out. In cultural marketing for museums, the performing arts, and cinema, attention should be paid not only to the quality of the event for the self-experience, but also to its status and identity-signaling potential to relevant others.

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Weder, Mark. "A note on conspicuous leisure, animal spirits and endogenous cycles." Portuguese Economic Journal 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10258-004-0026-y.

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Zhao, Liang, Yunze Duan, Qiang Wang, Ke Zhou, Nailin Gu, Xiangzhong Li, and Jingyu Dai. "Study on the Relationship between Conspicuous Need and Group Cultural Identity of Fashion Cultural Consumption." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (March 27, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3541548.

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The consumption of sports and leisure apparel has distinct historical characteristics. It is linked to social fashion and fashion trends, which is an internal expression of college students’ perceptions of sports connotation, aesthetic taste, and community affiliation. Furthermore, it serves as a vital link and conduit for college students’ perceptions of sports fashion. This research includes fieldwork in a sportswear briefing and a thorough interview with 15 interviewees. This research builds an analytical framework for the relationship between sports, leisure clothes, and college students’ consumption behavior based on the conspicuous consumption theory. This article examines the relationship and influence between college students’ consumption behavior and sports and leisure clothing consumption in three categories of community affiliation, perceived value, and consumption behavior. According to the findings, college students’ consuming activity shows off their affluence to a certain extent. But, at its core, college students’ consumption is about understanding society and constructing their self-image. As a result, it reflects the changing value orientation of today’s Chinese college students’ purchasing habits. According to the research, it shows the importance of sports leisure apparel consuming behavior is rooted not only in the clothing but also in community identity.

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Sørensen, Elin Brandi, and Anne-Mette Hjalager. "Conspicuous non-consumption in tourism: Non-innovation or the innovation of nothing?" Tourist Studies 20, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 222–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619894463.

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Referring to current phenomena and consumer behaviour in tourism, this article develops the concept of conspicuous non-consumption. It addresses the deliberate avoidance of (over)spending during holidays and states that this behaviour may be just as conspicuous and provide social signals that are just as strong as those connected to the consumption of expensive luxury goods. The conceptual development is based on a combination of the two dichotomies of ‘consumption versus non-consumption’ and ‘conspicuous versus inconspicuous’, resulting in four conceptually distinctive categories of behaviour: conspicuous consumption, conspicuous non-consumption, inconspicuous non-consumption and conspicuous non-consumption. The latter, conspicuous non-consumption, is of special interest in this article, exemplified through personal vignettes. Explorative readings of travel blogs lead to the identification of five themes that characterize conspicuous non-consumption in tourism: ‘identity building’, ‘recycling, upcycling and repurposing’, ‘spiritualizing’, ‘retreating and detoxing’ and ‘slowing down’. Usually, tourism innovation policies are characterized by a ritual growth compulsion, and do not celebrate non-consumption, which is found to be synonymous with non-innovation. This is a paradox for the timely modernizing of tourist services and destinations. Increasingly, there is a need to reorient innovation and to give consideration to how the innovation of ‘nothing’ can also undergo a distinctive progression and even contribute positively to tourism economies. This article highlights the entry points for innovation at the tourism business and destination levels.

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Foley, Carmel, Caryn Holzman, and Stephen Wearing. "Moving Beyond Conspicuous Leisure Consumption: Adolescent Women, Mobile Phones and Public Space." Leisure Studies 26, no. 2 (April 2007): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614360500418555.

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Lee, Yujin, and Sunhwan Hwang. "The role of conspicuous leisure consumption for the happiness of mountaineering participants: the moderating effect of leisure satisfaction." Korean Journal of Lesure, Recreation & Park 46, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26446/kjlrp.2022.3.46.1.91.

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Almeida, Felipe. "Society and brain: A complementary approach to Thorstein Veblen’s conspicuous consumer based on Tibor Scitovsky’s neuropsychology." Nova Economia 26, no. 2 (August 2016): 347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/2994.

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Abstract: The goal of this study is to complement Thorstein Veblen's conspicuous consumer approach to economics with Tibor Scitovsky's neuropsychological analysis. This is undertaken by exploring the psychological basis of both theories. Veblen's conspicuous consumer emulates the leisure class, which consumes what can be understood as the best goods of a society. These goods are associated with the concept of social satisfaction rather than physical satisfaction. Veblen's conspicuous consumer decision making is introduced here according to insights from the American pragmatic school of philosophy. On the other hand, Scitovsky introduced elements of neuropsychology to economics using an interdisciplinary approach that was understandable to economists as he sought a better comprehension of consumers' decision making. Scitovsky's psychological-economics approach was inspired by studies from Daniel Berlyne and Donald Hebb. In considering Scitovsky's approach, this study contributes to understanding the decision making of Veblen's conspicuous consumer.

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Johnson, Allan. "The Pleasures of “Conspicuous Leisure” in Sister Carrie and The House of Mirth." English Studies 98, no. 8 (September 6, 2017): 968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2017.1365520.

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Hwang, Sanghyun, and Kadir Nagac. "Social Status, Conspicuous Consumption Levies, and Distortionary Taxation." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 1705–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0046.

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AbstractThis paper explores the optimal tax structure in the presence of status effect. When the consumption of certain goods affects one’s social status, this creates an externality, which results in two opposite effects in a society. Seeking higher status through “positional goods” gives individuals much incentive to supply labor but still allocates income for less “nonpositional goods” as well. In this case, differentiated taxes on positional goods work as corrective instruments to internalize the social cost stemming from status seeking. Furthermore, the differentiated taxes generate revenue that can be used to alleviate preexisting income tax distortion. We develop a game-theoretic model in which each individual with different labor productivity unknown to the others engages in a status-seeking game, where government has a revenue requirement. Then we show that under a condition in which utility is separable between positional goods and leisure, a revenue-neutral shift in the tax mix away from nonlinear income taxes toward positional-good taxes enhances welfare. Hence, the differentiated taxes on positional goods are necessary together with the nonlinear income taxes for an optimal tax structure. Moreover, the differentiated taxes on positional goods could reduce the progressivity of the nonlinear income taxes, which is the case that can easily apply to practical use.

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Kuhn, Friedericke. "Conspicuous souvenirs: Analysing touristic self-presentation through souvenir display." Tourist Studies 20, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797620956935.

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Holiday travel offers the opportunity for self-definition and enhancement of social prestige. Due to the growing importance of self-expressive values within the ongoing course of individualisation, tourists increasingly make use of their travel experience to self-present in a positive way. Yet, tourism studies have not investigated what tourists actually want to communicate about themselves when representing their travel experience through the display of souvenirs. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, this study examines touristic self-expression and exposes the self-concepts attached to and communicated through the display of souvenirs as material symbols of travel experience. Results show that tourists often have a clear intention to express positive self-messages when showing their souvenirs to others. Souvenirs are used to represent personal character traits, social affiliation to in-groups and neo-tribes, and to demonstrate individual travel history. This article adds to the discussion of individual ascription of meaning to the tourist experience and souvenirs, and gives an insight to the function of souvenirs for self-expression and social exchange.

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Lee, Yujin, and Sunhwan Hwang. "The Effect of Bicycle Hobbyists’ Conspicuous Leisure Consumption on Happiness: Moderating Effect of Self-esteem, Leisure Satisfaction, and Recreational Specialization." Korean Journal of Physical Education 59, no. 02 (March 30, 2020): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2020.3.59.2.243.

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Hwang, Sunhwan, and Songhee Kim. "Difference in Leisure Satisfaction based on Interaction between Recreation Specialization and Conspicuous Leisure Consumption in Members of Bicycle Riding Clubs." Korean Journal of Physical Education 56, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2017.03.56.2.29.

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Wearing, Stephen, and Betsy Wearing. "Smoking as a fashion accessory in the 90s: conspicuous consumption, identity and adolescent women's leisure choices." Leisure Studies 19, no. 1 (January 2000): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026143600374833.

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O’Regan, Michael, Jaeyeon Choe, and Matthew Yap. "Conspicuous consumption and hospitality at a wine festival in China." Hospitality & Society 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/hosp.9.2.125_1.

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Carr, Neil. "Poverty, debt, and conspicuous consumption: university students tourism experiences." Tourism Management 26, no. 5 (October 2005): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.06.014.

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Hunt, Rachel. "Neglected rural geography: Exploring the quiet politics of ‘out-dwelling’." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418784944.

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Taking the example of leisure in rural Scotland, this article makes a call for a renewed appreciation of a radical rural and a subsequent recognition of the potential for quiet politics. In doing so, it addresses the overlooked, yet potentially progressive, even radical, nature of ‘out-dwelling’ as a political endeavour. These ‘out-dwellings’ are twofold, encompassing the distinct yet complementary cultures of Huts and Bothies in rural Scotland. There is within these cultures a rising tide of discontent with contemporary society and a subsequent push for change. These political eruptions emphasise the spatial politics of everyday leisure and land where alterity to the imagined geography of a static, wild, romantic Scotland, driven by the landed estates, emerges as a key driver for change. This argument for a radical rural will be structured around four themes; political ‘out-dwelling’, transgressive mobility, conspicuous consumption and land ownership.

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Miller, M. C. "The parasol: an oriental status-symbol in late archaic and classical Athens." Journal of Hellenic Studies 112 (November 1992): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632154.

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The parasol, whatever the conditions of use, ultimately functions as a social symbol as it satisfies no utilitarian need. The operative mechanism of that symbol varies from culture to culture but the parasol is polysemous even at its least complicated, when held by the person to be protected without allusion to foreign social systems and in the context of single-sex usage. For example, as an implement of fashionable feminine attire of over a century ago, the parasol signified the maintenance of a standard of beauty that precluded extended activities out of doors and the delicate constitution of the lady thus protected, both with further implications of ‘good breeding’ and economic inutility; and the wasteful employment of items that must be changed with the costume and discarded before unserviceable to suit the dictates of fashion. Both facets—termed ‘conspicuous leisure’ and ‘conspicuous consumption’ by Veblen—conjointly served to advertise the wealth of the individual man on the basis of whose property such extravagance and non-productive practice could be sustained.

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Ma, Haili. "Traditional opera consumption as the new game of distinction for the Chinese middle class." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877918759711.

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Utilizing theories of Becker’s art worlds, Veblen’s conspicuous consumption and Bourdieu’s capital forms, this article critically examines the formation of a new art world of the traditional Chinese opera Kunqu, with university students turned middle class as identified consumers. It argues that the art world has been developed through the innovation of artists working within the tight ideological control of the market. Only artists who support party-state ideological evolution, allowing access to ‘central bank’ capital in the forms of university curriculum, opera house resources and land use, may continue to experiment and innovate before a new audience taste is nurtured and a new art world is developed. This article suggests that the rise of Kunqu reflects the political castration of the new millennium Chinese middle class, with their value and identity resting on a fantasized historical leisure class distinction and associated conspicuous consumption. The establishment of a new Kunqu art world exemplifies the characteristics of the Chinese art market, which is developed under party-state ‘central bank’ monopoly, for continued Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ideological evolution and legitimacy.

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Faucher, Kane Xavier. "Veblen 2.0: Neoliberal Games of Social Capital and the Attention Economy as Conspicuous Consumption." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 12, no. 1 (February 13, 2014): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v12i1.530.

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The purpose of this article will be in reading acts of prosumer behaviour in social networking environments through a Veblenian lens, supported in part by the post-Marxist insights of Guy Debord, especially with respect to the issue of celebrity emulation, conspicuous leisure as constructed by the labour of profile management and promiscuous online interactivity, and acts of status enhancement or aggrandizement. Such a discussion must be set in the current context of the normative frame of neoliberal ideology which champions the values of the entrepreneurial self, devolved competitiveness as a form of - in this case social rather than strictly economic - neo-Darwinism, and the touted virtues of speed and connectivity. Ultimately, it is our hope to link these conspicuous online practices to the ideological framework to demonstrate how prosumption plays an integral role in the quantification of the social economy as expressed as “social capital.” In order to achieve these objectives, strict and operational definitions of prosumption, conspicuity in the Veblenian literature, and neoliberalism will be required. The line between social and economic capital is not a definitive one, and that the behaviours and motives associated with increasing social capital may be weighted more to the individual and influenced by neoliberal values that recode the social as derivative of the economic.

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Faucher, Kane Xavier. "Veblen 2.0: Neoliberal Games of Social Capital and the Attention Economy as Conspicuous Consumption." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 12, no. 1 (February 13, 2014): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol12iss1pp40-56.

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The purpose of this article will be in reading acts of prosumer behaviour in social networking environments through a Veblenian lens, supported in part by the post-Marxist insights of Guy Debord, especially with respect to the issue of celebrity emulation, conspicuous leisure as constructed by the labour of profile management and promiscuous online interactivity, and acts of status enhancement or aggrandizement. Such a discussion must be set in the current context of the normative frame of neoliberal ideology which champions the values of the entrepreneurial self, devolved competitiveness as a form of - in this case social rather than strictly economic - neo-Darwinism, and the touted virtues of speed and connectivity. Ultimately, it is our hope to link these conspicuous online practices to the ideological framework to demonstrate how prosumption plays an integral role in the quantification of the social economy as expressed as “social capital.” In order to achieve these objectives, strict and operational definitions of prosumption, conspicuity in the Veblenian literature, and neoliberalism will be required. The line between social and economic capital is not a definitive one, and that the behaviours and motives associated with increasing social capital may be weighted more to the individual and influenced by neoliberal values that recode the social as derivative of the economic.

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Yao, Yanbo, Guangmei Jia, and Yuansi Hou. "Impulsive travel intention induced by sharing conspicuous travel experience on social media: A moderated mediation analysis." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 49 (December 2021): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.10.012.

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So, Eun hye. "Does the convergence of work and leisure affect personal satisfaction? : The moderating effect on Conspicuous Self Presentation of SNS." Korean Society of Science & Art 38, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2020.01.30.63.

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31

Wu, Laurie, Kevin Kam Fung So, Lina Xiong, and Ceridwyn King. "The impact of employee conspicuous consumption cue and physical attractiveness on consumers’ behavioral responses to service failures." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2017-0500.

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PurposeThere is a growing trend that hospitality brands are allowing employees to personalize their workplace display. Following this trend in practice, this paper aims to examine the influence of employees’ conspicuous consumption cues (ECCCs) on consumer responses toward service failures in luxury dining.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments were conducted. Study 1 adopted a 2 (ECCC: present vs absent) × 2 (employee physical attractiveness: control vs high) between-subject experiment to test the effect of ECCCs in interactional service failures. Study 2 tested the hypotheses in core service failures.FindingsThe results of Study 1 indicate that the presence of ECCCs lowers consumers’ negative behavioral intentions in interactional service failures when employees are highly attractive. When employees’ attractiveness is not distinctive, however, ECCCs lead to higher levels of negative behavioral intentions. Mediation test results demonstrate that perceived employee service competence drives this effect. Results of Study 2 show that the joint effect of ECCCs and physical attractiveness is attenuated when core service failures are not attributable to the service employee.Research limitations/implicationsExtending previous research, this study reveals the impact of employees’ physical characteristics on consumers’ post-failure responses. In addition, the effect of ECCCs on consumers’ post-failure responses was driven by the psychological process of perceived competence.Practical implicationsFindings of this research emphasize the importance for hospitality brands to practice tight control over employee esthetics. For hospitality brands that embrace individuality in the workplace, results of this research highlight the importance of service training in customer interactions.Originality/valueThis research examines an underexplored phenomenon in the hospitality service setting: employees’ display of conspicuous consumption cues and its impact on consumers’ responses to service failures.

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ELLIS, R. J. "“Latent color” and “exaggerated snow”: whiteness and race in Harriet Prescott Spofford's “The Amber Gods”." Journal of American Studies 40, no. 2 (July 27, 2006): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580600137x.

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“We've some splendid old point-lace in our family, yellow and fragrant … all tags and tangles and fibrous and bewildering” (7). This is the way that Giorgione (Yone) Willoughby opens her tale, “The Amber Gods”; instead of “beginn[ing] at the beginning” (7) she offers a luxuriant description of a type of old lace, rich in sense impressions. Bewilderingly, like her point lace, her story's introductory proprieties are delayed until the second paragraph. Such improper sensuality disconcerted many of her Protestant New England readers when her story appeared in the Atlantic in 1860. Yet also, hypocritically, at this time, a rising bourgeoisie, secure in its socioeconomic position, was increasingly embracing a phase of conspicuous leisure and consumption. It is with this embrace, and its dark origins and dark legacies, that “The Amber Gods” engages.

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Wheaton, Belinda. "“Just Do It”: Consumption, Commitment, and Identity in the Windsurfing Subculture." Sociology of Sport Journal 17, no. 3 (September 2000): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.17.3.254.

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Debates about changing contemporary Western societies have emphasized the increasingly fluid and fragmented nature of identities, suggesting that people draw their sense of identity from increasingly diverse sources, including sport and leisure lifestyles. Drawing on ethnographic work on windsurfing subcultures, this article explores the ways in which participants create and perform (sub)cultural identities through their “new sport” consumption and its attendant lifestyle. The paper identifies the main features of the windsurfers’ status system, illustrating that demonstrating commitment, not the conspicuous display of equipment or subcultural style, is central to the meanings the windsurfers give to their participation and subcultural identity. The paper concludes by examining to what degree purported features of contemporary postmodern culture, such as a loss of self-identity, are reflected in such seemingly “image-based” new sport consumption practices.

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Li, Yaoqi, Hui Fu, and Songshan (Sam) Huang. "Does conspicuous decoration style influence customer's intention to purchase? The moderating effect of CSR practices." International Journal of Hospitality Management 51 (October 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.08.008.

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Umasih, Mr, Phong Thanh Nguyen, E. Laxmi Lydia, and K. Shankar. "Migration and Mobility in the Age of Disruption." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.8952.

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This research is focusing on various factors involving impact on adults and youngsters by migration and mobility in the age of disruption. The issue of whether migration has ramifications for the instruction of kids who stay behind in the nation of source possesses an undeniably conspicuous spot in the plans of the two researchers and strategy creators. The customary way of thinking is that the migration of relatives may profit youngsters by loosening up spending limitations through settlements that can be utilized to cover instructive costs. In any case, the exact proof on the general impact of movement is uncertain. This is expected to a limited extent to a substantive accentuation on settlements in the writing, just as the powerlessness of certain investigations to manage the endogeneity of family relocation choices in contrasting results crosswise over transient and non-vagrant families.

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Potts, Tracey J. "‘Dark tourism’ and the ‘kitschification’ of 9/11." Tourist Studies 12, no. 3 (December 2012): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797612461083.

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This article aims to interrogate the framing of New York’s Ground Zero as a ‘dark tourist’ destination, with particular reference to the entanglement of notions of kitsch in academic discussions of the events of 11 September 2001. What makes Ground Zero contentious, even scandalous, for many scholars is the presence of a conspicuous commodity culture around the site in the form of tourist souvenirs, leading to accusations of kitschification of memory and the constitution of visitors as ‘tourists of history’. Drawing upon theoretical ideas of Jacques Rancière, Bruno Latour and W. J. T. Mitchell around image politics, the alignment of kitsch with the figure of the tourist will be questioned, along with the conviction that the so-called teddy-bearification of 9/11 threatens the formation of dangerous political subjectivities. In attempting to rid the debates of their default settings, and reliance on essentialist notions of kitsch, it is hoped that that the way will be cleared for the sociological, ethnographic and empirical work necessary to consider the cultural and political significance of the Ground Zero souvenir economy.

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Kim, Donghee, and Soocheong (Shawn) Jang. "Symbolic Consumption in Upscale Cafés." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 41, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): 154–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525633.

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The growth in premium coffee consumption in South Korea along with increased incomes and lifestyle changes has created important opportunities for marketers to target customers in the international market. To take advantage of these opportunities, it is critical to understand the underlying factors that motivate Gen Y coffee consumers in Korea in order to provide guidance for international food and beverage businesses. This study investigates three possible mechanisms in terms of the individual, social, and functional evaluations of customers with respect to coffee consumption in upscale cafés. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that the basic motivational drivers of Korean Gen Y consumers’ premium coffee consumption in cafés are similar to dimensions of luxury value such as materialism, conformity, conspicuous tendencies, and functional dimensions. Moreover, this study discovered the moderating effect of income source according to the context in which it is obtained (gifted money or earned money) in terms of young consumers spending habits.

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Plotkin, Sidney. "Misdirected effort: Thorstein Veblen’s critique of advertising." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2014-0003.

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Purpose – The purpose of this essay is to argue that, for Veblen, the contribution of advertising to mature business enterprise was crucial. Although Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of the Leisure Class is widely credited with introducing the concept of “conspicuous consumption”, that book is silent on the contribution of the sales effort – or advertising – to such consumption. One must turn to Veblen’s later writings on the business system to find an analysis of advertising within oligopoly capitalism, what Veblen called the system of “absentee ownership”. At the beginning of the twentieth century business faced looming threats of technological progress and democratic discontent. The material prospect of accelerating productivity might soon “end the struggle or lessen the strain” of economic life; democracy might insist that the industrial system serve social needs in efficient ways. To ward off such challenges, business developed a two-prong approach to perpetuate scarcity: carefully managed control of output and an increasingly insistent, rationalized and expensive sales effort. The growth of advertising reflected a systematic expenditure of energy, talent and resources on a misdirection of human effort, one whose chief effect was to prolong “the strain” of everyday life in futile pursuit of waste. Whether such irrationality could be sustained indefinitely, or whether it might finally undermine the society that propels its pursuit, is an issue that Veblen raises, but to which he refuses to give any final answer. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes the full range of Veblen’s theoretical writings on consumption, technology and the sales effort. Findings – The paper insists that Veblen is the first radical political economist to provide a systematic critical analysis of advertising as an essential element of mature capitalism. Originality/value – The paper connects Veblen’s earliest thinking on “conspicuous consumption” to his mature analysis of advertising in the functioning of business enterprise. It will enrich understanding among academics and students, scholars of marketing and economic and social theorists, of Veblen’s critical analysis of the evolution of consumption, production and business enterprise.

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Weaver, Adam. "Terms and conditions apply: Fine print and the selling of tourism." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718760090.

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The commodification of tourism includes the production and dissemination of words and images used to sell experiences. Tourism marketers use highly visible assurances that the experiences available are pleasurable, safe and convenient. These assurances are projected into a promotion-oriented front region. However, fine print terms and conditions – the rules that define the rights and obligations of tourism providers and consumers – occupy a back region that, in part, runs counter to the impressions fostered in the front region. Tourism marketing, it is argued, involves two mutually supportive domains that drive the sale of tourism: conspicuous (front region) words and images as well as inconspicuous (back region) fine print. A more comprehensive conceptualization of tourism marketing should consider the functions performed by the fine print. The four Ps typically associated with the marketing mix – product, price, promotion and place – are used for the purpose of organizing the analysis of the complexly crafted small type that is often hidden in plain sight but sometimes receives highly publicized scrutiny within a media-generated front region. Fine print terms and conditions (whether successfully obfuscated or the subject of a media expose) are responsible for creating a ‘stipulation surplus’, money earned or saved via the imposition of restrictions. The marketing of tourism involves the making of front region promises tempered by the imposition of back region parameters.

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Kim, DongHee, SooCheong (Shawn) Jang, and Howard Adler. "What drives café customers to spread eWOM?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2013-0269.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine hidden drivers of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) by modeling attributes of self-relevant and quality-relevant values. This is a meaningful extension of previous consumer behavior research regarding the association of eWOM and self-constructs. Design/methodology/approach – An on-site survey was conducted to collect data. Statistical analyses, including structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis, were used to empirically examine which factors significantly influence café customers to engage in eWOM. Findings – The study found significant drivers of eWOM intentions by examining self-relevant values connected with the café, such as conveying reflected appraisal of self, conspicuous presentation and self-image congruity beyond the simple evaluation of service quality. The moderating effect of consumer opinion leadership on the relationships between those drivers and eWOM intentions was also investigated. Practical implications – The results demonstrated that consumers’ self-construal value was a salient diver of eWOM intentions rather than service quality value itself. However, the findings showed that these service qualities positively influenced opinion leaders’ eWOM intentions to generate information. This makes an important contribution by providing practical messages for foodservice operators to develop more effective marketing strategies. Originality/value – The present research extends our understanding of the drivers of eWOM beyond the idea that eWOM simply reflects perceived quality evaluations. The authors found that consumers can construct a self-identity and present themselves to others in the virtual world by showing “what they eat or experience”.

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So, Kevin Kam Fung, Laurie Wu, Lina Xiong, and Ceridwyn King. "Brand Management in the Era of Social Media: Social Visibility of Consumption and Customer Brand Identification." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 6 (July 13, 2017): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517718354.

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Despite consumers’ increasing use of social media channels to make their travel experiences more visible to people within their social networks, brand management research in the tourism literature lacks a clear understanding of how social visibility of consumption affects consumer perceptions of their relationships with the brand. Drawing upon social identity theory and the theory of conspicuous consumption, this study extends the current brand management literature by investigating the role of consumption’s social visibility in the formation of customer brand identification in the era of social media. Using the airline industry as the study context, this study suggests that social visibility of consumption leads to cognitive, affective, and evaluative identifications. The results also indicate that the three components of customer brand identification interact with each other in realizing positive word of mouth communication. The findings highlight the significant benefits of making customers’ travel experiences socially visible to people around them.

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Wirtz, Jochen, Jonas Holmqvist, and Martin P. Fritze. "Luxury services." Journal of Service Management 31, no. 4 (June 30, 2020): 665–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-11-2019-0342.

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PurposeThe market for luxury is growing rapidly. While there is a significant body of literature on luxury goods, academic research has largely ignored luxury services. The purpose of this article is to open luxury services as a new field of investigation by developing the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings to build the luxury services literature and show how luxury services differ from both luxury goods and from ordinary (i.e. non-luxury) services.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a conceptual approach drawing upon and synthesizing the luxury goods and services marketing literature.FindingsThis article makes three contributions. First, it shows that services are largely missing from the luxury literature, just as the field of luxury is mostly missing from the service literature. Second, it contrasts the key characteristics of services and related consumer behaviors with luxury goods. The service characteristics examined are non-ownership, IHIP (i.e. intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability, and perishability), the three additional Ps of services marketing (i.e. people, processes, and physical facilities) and the three-stage service consumption model. This article derives implications these characteristics have on luxury. For example, non-ownership increases the importance of psychological ownership, reduces the importance of conspicuous consumption and the risk of counterfeiting. Third, this article defines luxury services as extraordinary hedonic experiences that are exclusive whereby exclusivity can be monetary, social and hedonic in nature, and luxuriousness is jointly determined by objective service features and subjective customer perceptions. Together, these characteristics place a service on a continuum ranging from everyday luxury to elite luxury.Practical implicationsThis article provides suggestions on how firms can enhance psychological ownership of luxury services, manage conspicuous consumption, and use more effectively luxury services' additional types of exclusivity (i.e. social and hedonic exclusivity).Originality/valueThis is the first paper to define luxury services and their characteristics, to apply and link frameworks from the service literature to luxury, and to derive consumer insights from these for research and practice.

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Yang, Xiaotao, and Kam Hung. "Poverty alleviation via tourism cooperatives in China: the story of Yuhu." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 26, no. 6 (August 5, 2014): 879–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-02-2013-0085.

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Purpose – This study aims to understand whether poverty alleviation can be realized in tourism via tourism cooperatives. As a fast growing industry in the world, tourism has accelerated economic development in many participating places. A large number of tourism cooperatives have emerged to capture conspicuous economic benefits from tourism in many rural areas of China. The role of tourism cooperatives has not yet been explored from the poverty alleviation perspective. Design/methodology/approach – Two field trips to Yuhu Village, Lijiang, China, which included in-depth interviews, were conducted during August and December 2011, aiming at understanding the roles of tourism cooperatives in poverty alleviation. In-depth interviews with villagers (45) and mangers of tourism cooperative (5) were conducted. A systematic coding procedure including open, axial and selective coding was conducted with the software assistance of ATLAS.TI6.2. Findings – Evidence from Yuhu suggested that resources and power changes, both of which are further divided into both individual and collective levels, are the main contributors to substantial improvements of the poor. Material and social resources were significantly accumulated. In addition, empowerment, referring to the improvements in status, legitimacy and capability/knowledge, facilitated villagers to obtain favorable policies. By embracing a more broad understanding of poverty, the tourism cooperative is proven to effectively alleviate the poverty suffering of Yuhu villagers. Originality/value – Understanding poverty from a multi-dimensional perspective is deemed to be critical to reveal the actual story, as evidenced in this study, with analyzing resource flows and power changes at different stages of tourism development. By embracing a more broad understanding of poverty, the role of tourism cooperatives in poverty alleviation was able to be noticed and emerged from in-depth interviews. A systematic scrutiny has been carried out to examine the pro-poor effects brought about by tourism cooperatives.

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Jones, Peter, David Hillier, and Daphne Comfort. "Sustainability in the hospitality industry." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 36–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2014-0572.

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Purpose The purpose of this commissioned paper is to offer some personal reflections on sustainability within the hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach The paper opens by identifying sustainability as a teasing paradox for the hospitality industry and a short discussion of the characteristics of sustainability. It then explores the growing interest in corporate sustainability and offers a review of the range of academic research into sustainability within the hospitality industry literature. More generally, the authors suggest three fundamental sets of issues that currently face the industry, namely, defining sustainability within the industry, materiality and independent external assurance and sustainable consumption and the industry’s commitment to continuing economic growth. Findings In addressing these three sets of issues, the authors make a number of suggestions. First that definitions of sustainability within the hospitality industry can be interpreted as being constructed around business imperatives rather than an ongoing commitment to sustainability. Second that materiality and external assurance are not treated comprehensively within the industry, which undermines the credibility of the sustainability reporting process. Third that the concept of sustainable consumption and any critique of the industry’s commitment to economic growth are conspicuous by their absence in the both the research literature on sustainability and in sustainability reporting within the industry. Practical implications The paper suggests that the hospitality industry may need to examine how it defines sustainability, to extend its sustainability reporting to embrace materiality and external assurance and to address the issues of sustainable consumption and continuing economic growth if it is to demonstrate a worthwhile and enduring commitment to sustainability. Originality/value The paper provides some accessible personal reflections on sustainability within the hospitality industry and, as such, it will be of interest to academics, students and practitioners interested in the hospitality industry and more widely within the business and management community.

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Jernberg, Frida, Anna Lindbäck, and Annie Roos. "A new male entrepreneur?" Gender in Management: An International Journal 35, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2019-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the representation of male entrepreneurs in the media has changed in the after-effects of the #metoo movement. Design/methodology/approach The authors perform a discourse analysis and visual analysis of how male entrepreneurs in the Swedish business magazine Affärsvärlden are represented. A centre-margin analysis is laid out, focusing on who and what constitutes (or endeavours to constitute) the legitimate male entrepreneur. Findings The results of the analysis show that male entrepreneurs are represented with different discursive success factors. These success factors are linked to a driven personality, a high-status leisure activity, a supportive but invisible family, a focus on financial measures and a global outlook. Marginally, there has been a change towards more humbleness, and a shift from financial growth to turnover, in the representation of entrepreneurial masculinities after the #metoo movement. Research limitations/implications To bring about a more equal norm regarding male entrepreneurial identity, more space and attention must be given in the media to the subordinate masculinities of entrepreneurs. Originality/value Previous gender research on entrepreneurship has, to a large extent, focussed on female entrepreneurs and research focussed on male entrepreneurs is conspicuous in its absence. However, the male entrepreneur, just like the female entrepreneur, needs to relate to, be compared with and adapt to a norm of how the ideal entrepreneur should be. Therefore, it is important to establish and illuminate who the male entrepreneur is assumed to be, to better understand and question that role.

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Peng, Norman, and Annie Chen. "Examining consumers’ luxury hotel stay repurchase intentions-incorporating a luxury hotel brand attachment variable into a luxury consumption value model." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 1348–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2018-0332.

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Purpose Luxury consumption research has focused more on the consumers of goods than services, despite the trend that consumers are more interested in luxury services, such as luxury hospitality services, than ever before. Additionally, the results regarding the factors that can influence consumers’ luxury service product purchase intentions can be further tested. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that contribute to consumers’ luxury hotel stay repurchase intentions, to further develop the luxury hospitality service consumption literature and to identify implications for practitioners to consider. Design/methodology/approach To contribute to the luxury consumption literature, this research incorporates a “luxury hotel brand attachment” variable into a luxury consumption value model to examine consumers’ intentions to repurchase luxury hotel stays when traveling for tourism purposes. The authors draw on a survey of over 450 luxury hotel consumers. Findings The findings confirm that luxury hotels’ perceived functional value, hedonic value and symbolic/expressive value affect consumers’ emotions, which in turn affects their luxury hotel attachment and repurchase intentions. In addition, luxury hotel attachment moderates the influence of emotion on repurchase intention. Design/methodology/approach Luxury hotels need to review their customers’ emotions during their stay and their attachment with the hotel. These factors can influence customers’ repurchase intentions. To stimulate customers’ emotions, luxury hotels need to offer functional value (e.g. attentive service staff), hedonic/expressive value (e.g. position as a form of self-indulgence) and symbolic value (e.g. conspicuous lobby). However, managers should know that having superior perceived functional value does not influence customers’ repurchase intentions directly. These characteristics may be commonly shared by most luxury hotels. Furthermore, they do not need to be too worried about providing financial value (e.g. value-for-money). Originality/value This study conceptualizes tourists’ luxury hotel stay intentions by examining the influence of perceived luxury value (i.e. functional value, financial value, hedonic value and symbolic/expressive value), tourists’ emotions and luxury hotel brand attachment. In addition, this research explores how luxury hotel brand attachment can moderate the relationship between consumers’ emotions and their repurchase intentions. Several implications of the study are identified, and avenues for future research are suggested.

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Nghiêm-Phú, Bình. "Sensory inputs in tourists’ nightlife experiences – a study of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 14, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-06-2019-0120.

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Purpose This study aims to identify the sensory inputs that tourists use to shape their nightlife experiences. Design/methodology/approach The situations in three Southeast Asian cities, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore were examined, using tourist reviews posted on tripadvisor.com. A total of 460 data units concerning Bangkok, 373 data units concerning Kuala Lumpur and 453 data units concerning Singapore were compiled and manually analyzed to reveal the frequency of the primary sensory inputs used by the reviewers. Bivariate correlation analysis was additionally performed to reveal the co-occurrences of the sensory inputs that tourists used to form their impressions of each city. Findings The findings suggest that gustatory inputs were powerful yet unspecific, while visual inputs were vivid and conspicuous. Audio inputs added certain meaningful contributions to some extent for some tourists. However, the distribution of the sensory inputs differed across the three cities. Moreover, the contributions of the olfactory and tactile inputs are largely missing. Practical implications With the management of nightlife businesses (small or micro servicescapes), a thoughtful selection for the drink menu is necessary. When possible, a signature drink should be invented and promoted for each place. With the projection and promotion of tourist destinations as nightlifescapes, a sensory marketing approach should be considered. For example, nightlifescapes could be presented and promoted with unique drinks, good views of the city’s landmarks and interesting local music. Originality/value Prior to this study, little research has been carried out to investigate tourists’ nightlife experiences and their impressions of nightlifescapes. In addition, little has been done to identify the sensory inputs that tourists use to explain their experiences and impressions.

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Shahabuddin, Abu Saim Md, Mohd Edil Abd Sukor, and Noor Hazarina Hashim. "Product-centric halal business: a critique from an Islamic perspective." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 6 (March 27, 2020): 1707–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-06-2019-0129.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of the understanding of the halal business from an Islamic perspective. Business use of the Quranic and fiqhi word halal is now conspicuous because of the penetration of halal product ideas not only into the food products but also into the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, leisure and entertainment industries. Design/methodology/approach This paper evaluates the Islamic authenticity of the prevailing halal business initiatives. Toward this evaluation, explains the frame of reference and shows the Islamic ethical excellence of business enterprises. This framework is based on the Quranic injunctions and instructions regarding usury (riba), intoxicants (khamr), trade with mutual consent (taradim minkum) and trading during Friday prayer (Jumuah), which have direct or indirect implications for the management of business enterprises. Then, it describes and evaluates two cases, namely, halal chicken and Sharīʿah-compliant hotel. Materials for these cases are obtained through an internet blog and literature review. Findings The evaluation reveals that these halal business cases are overwhelmingly product-centric and they violate or neglect people’s rights. On the scale of ethics and social responsibility, while they largely maintain legal responsibility, moral and spiritual responsibilities hardly draw their attention. Hence, a need for a fundamental reorientation of halal business thought is suggested in the conclusion. Practical implications The findings may serve as a useful input for halal business owners in improving their practices to confirm with all moral and spiritual standards of Islamic business conduct, and not the only product. These standards have significant implications for equitable growth in a society and a blissful eternal life. Originality/value The topic of product-centric halal business has not been fully explored and understood by its stakeholders. This paper aims to give insights to an overwhelming trend toward equating halal products with the whole of the halal business.

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Milman, Ady, and Gila Oren. "In praise of hospitality: the role extended by religious hosts as drivers of satisfaction and loyalty." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 12, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-04-2018-0049.

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PurposeThis study aims to explore the hospitality and religious experience of Israeli travelers visiting the globally prevalent Jewish Orthodox Chabad Houses that provide religious, spiritual, educational and hospitality havens in their locales, regardless of the degree of observance.Design/methodology/approachUsing Schmitt’s (1999b) experiential consumption dimensions of Sense, Feel, Think, Relate and Act, this study measured the various visitors’ experiences, satisfaction and loyalty using a sample of 488 Israeli travelers obtained from online social media sites, popular with Israeli travelers.FindingsThe findings reveal that Israeli visits to Chabad Houses were primarily characterized by Act, Feel and Relate experiences like meeting fellow Israeli travelers, a sense of togetherness and a feeling of belonging. In predicting satisfaction and loyalty, the visitors’ religious experience did not play a major role, but rather the actual hospitality extended by their religious hosts, like a home-like feeling, comfort, tasty food and a sense of togetherness did.Research limitations/implicationsCollecting data from an online sample might yield results that would not be applicable to the typical Chabad House visitor. Due to the Chabad Houses’ global presence, their visitors’ experiences may vary from one house to another and the findings may not represent an accurate picture of the typical Chabad House visit.Practical implicationsTo continue its hospitality brand, the Chabad movement’s decision-makers should continue focusing on innovative visitor experiences and balance the religious and secular components of their hospitality, as well as consider carefully how to direct their marketing and operational budgets.Originality/valueAdding to the body of literature on travelers’ experience at religious sites, this research is a pioneering attempt to study and explore visitors’ religious and hospitality experiences while visiting small non-conspicuous religious centers that extend their global hospitality brand to travelers.

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Rapp, Dean. "Sex in the Cinema: War, Moral Panic, and the British Film Industry, 1906–1918." Albion 34, no. 3 (2002): 422–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4054740.

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The film era in Britain commenced in early 1896, but its moral impact on viewers was not considered very much during its first decade. This was primarily because film was dispersed in a variety of venues like music halls and fairgrounds where other entertainment was provided, or in unused shops and other premises that were temporarily rented. Film thus had no permanent, separate identity as a leisure activity that took place in one particular type of public space, hence it was difficult for moralists to recognize, much less discern and evaluate its moral influence. Moreover, many of the middle class (from whom most moralists came) dismissed the early film industry as a passing, vulgar fad of the working class that need not be taken seriously.But moralists did begin to notice the impact of the industry when film acquired a conspicuous new identity of its own in the years after 1906 when thousands of purpose-built cinemas were constructed. The tremendous growth of both the cinemas and their mostly working-class, youthful audiences led some middle-class moralists to focus their attention on film for the first time. They soon concluded that the cinemas undermined the morality of their young audiences and launched a crusade against the film industry. The general outlines of the campaign are well known. Moralists charged that the darkened cinemas provided cover for couples to court and for some men to abuse children. They also asserted that many films were sensational ones about sexual indecency, crime, and violence. Such fare, they contended, encouraged immorality and incited juvenile delinquency among youth who imitated the crimes they saw enacted on screen. The moralists therefore demanded censorship of the films, brighter lighting in the cinemas to discourage sexual misbehavior, and police action against indecency. Moreover, Sabbatarians opposed the opening of the cinemas on Sundays as a further desecration of that holy day of rest.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Conspicuous leisure'

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