Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Constant CSR / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Constant CSR.

Journal articles on the topic 'Constant CSR'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Constant CSR.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Witkowski, Krzysztof, Mateusz Kurowski, and Dariusz Lesicki. "CSR in automotive sector - leaders or deceivers? The case of Audi AG." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 25, no. 3 (2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2018.012.

Full text

Abstract:

Car production is a kind of activity that affects environment, society and global economy to a large degree. The most negative impact can be observed in the first of mentioned fields. Every day automotive companies consume big amount of energy and resources. What is more, their final products are considered as one of the main pollution sources. Nevertheless many car producers made effort to minimize negative external effects of their businesses. Year by year various CSR classifications and rankings showed that those efforts were resultful but Volkswagen emissions scandal and anti-diesel lobby

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wesemann, Duane R., Jennifer M. Magee, Cristian Boboila та ін. "Immature B cells preferentially switch to IgE with increased direct Sμ to Sε recombination". Journal of Experimental Medicine 208, № 13 (2011): 2733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20111155.

Full text

Abstract:

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class-switch recombination (CSR) replaces initially expressed Cμ (IgM) constant regions (CH) exons with downstream CH exons. Stimulation of B cells with anti-CD40 plus interleukin-4 induces CSR from Cμ to Cγ1 (IgG1) and Cε (IgE), the latter of which contributes to the pathogenesis of atopic diseases. Although Cε CSR can occur directly from Cμ, most mature peripheral B cells undergo CSR to Cε indirectly, namely from Cμ to Cγ1, and subsequently to Cε. Physiological mechanisms that influence CSR to Cγ1 versus Cε are incompletely understood. In this study, we repor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zhang, Xuefei, Hye Suk Yoon, Aimee M. Chapdelaine-Williams, Nia Kyritsis, and Frederick W. Alt. "Physiological role of the 3′IgH CBEs super-anchor in antibody class switching." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 3 (2021): e2024392118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024392118.

Full text

Abstract:

IgH class switch recombination (CSR) replaces Cμ constant region (CH) exons with one of six downstream CHs by joining transcription-targeted double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the Cμ switch (S) region to DSBs in a downstream S region. Chromatin loop extrusion underlies fundamental CSR mechanisms including 3′IgH regulatory region (3′IgHRR)-mediated S region transcription, CSR center formation, and deletional CSR joining. There are 10 consecutive CTCF-binding elements (CBEs) downstream of the 3′IgHRR, termed the “3′IgH CBEs.” Prior studies showed that deletion of eight 3′IgH CBEs did not detectably

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Diers-Lawson, Audra, Kerry Coope, and Ralph Tench. "Why can CSR seem like putting lipstick on a pig? Evaluating CSR authenticity by comparing practitioner and consumer perspectives." Journal of Global Responsibility 11, no. 4 (2020): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-02-2020-0033.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain and better understand some of the challenges and even contradictions in relationships between CSR and stakeholder attitudes by comparing consumer and practitioner perspectives on social responsibility, its role in organisations and its influence on consumer attitudes towards companies. The objective is to understand and evaluate factors influencing the authenticity of social responsibility as a contributor to an organisation’s value proposition. Design/methodology/approach Focus groups of consumers and practitioners (N = 39) were asked to explore

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Roseline, J. Anitha, M. Senthil Kumaran, and V. Rajini. "Generalized space vector control for current source inverters and rectifiers." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 2 (2016): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Current source inverters (CSI) is one of the widely used converter topology in medium voltage drive applications due to its simplicity, motor friendly waveforms and reliable short circuit protection. The current source inverters are usually fed by controlled current source rectifiers (CSR) with a large inductor to provide a constant supply current. A generalized control applicable for both CSI and CSR and their extension namely current source multilevel inverters (CSMLI) are dealt in this paper. As space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) features the advantages of flexible control

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

RAY, SUBHARTHI, JISHNU DEY, and MIRA DEY. "DENSITY DEPENDENT STRONG COUPLING CONSTANT OF QCD DERIVED FROM COMPACT STAR DATA." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 20 (2000): 1301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300001626.

Full text

Abstract:

Since 1996 there is major influx of X-ray and γ-ray data from binary stars, one or both of which are compact objects that are difficult to explain as neutron stars since they contain a mass M in too small a radius R. The suggestion has been put forward that these are strange quark stars (SS) explainable in a simple model with chiral symmetry restoration (CSR) for the quarks and the M, R and other properties like QPOs (quasi-periodic oscillations) in their X-ray power spectrum. It would be nice if this astrophysical data could shed some light on fundamental properties of quarks obeying QCD. One

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Schrader, Carol E., Erin K. Linehan, Sofia N. Mochegova, Robert T. Woodland, and Janet Stavnezer. "Inducible DNA breaks in Ig S regions are dependent on AID and UNG." Journal of Experimental Medicine 202, no. 4 (2005): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050872.

Full text

Abstract:

Class switch recombination (CSR) occurs by an intrachromosomal deletion whereby the IgM constant region gene (Cμ) is replaced by a downstream constant region gene. This unique recombination event involves formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in immunoglobulin switch (S) regions, and requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which converts cytosines to uracils. Repair of the uracils is proposed to lead to DNA breaks required for recombination. Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) is required for most CSR activity although its role is disputed. Here we use ligation-mediated PCR to detect

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Danubianu, Mirela, and Cristian Teodorescu. "Impact of corporate social responsibility on sustainable enterprise development." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a recent entry in the economy of modern enterprise both at global level and for Romanian companies. CSR adds a new dimension to the enterprise’s performance in the social fields, contributing to the sustainable development of economic entities. CSR components are included in an international standard – ISO 26000. The paper presents authors’ experience in implementing this standard. Possible steps of a roadmap for CSR implementation: Top management endorsement and nomination of a complex CSR team Developing formal company CSR policy documents Se

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wang, Cui Cui, Jing Wang, Yi Liang Zhang, and Yan Li. "Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Resistance Properties of 15CrMoR(H) in H₂S Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.14.

Full text

Abstract:

Tests including the constant load tensile, three point bending and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) are executed to evaluate the comprehensive properties of the 15CrMoR(H) with new smelting process in saturated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) according to NACE and National Standard. By analyzing and fitting the results of constant load tensile test, the stress-life mathematical model of this material is given. Results show that the stress corrosion threshold of the constant load tensile is 0.7Rel (252MPa).The nominal stress of three point bending SC is higher than 4.5 Rel (1620MPa). Results of HIC test

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Onyishi, Ike E., Kenneth Amaeshi, Fabian O. Ugwu, and Ibeawuchi K. Enwereuzor. "Going the Extra Mile Because My Organization Does: How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Organizational Citizenship in Nigeria?" Management and Organization Review 16, no. 1 (2020): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2019.44.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThere is a growing call to understand the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on organizational outcomes, especially in developing economies. Given the strong link between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational performance and survival, on one hand, and the constant need in the literature to understand their antecedents, on the other hand, this study adopts the social cognitive theory to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions of their organizations’ engagement in CSR and their individual engagement in OCB in Nigeria. Based on the re

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Zarrin, Ali A., Peter H. Goff, Kate Senger та Frederick W. Alt. "Sγ3 switch sequences function in place of endogenous Sγ1 to mediate antibody class switching". Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, № 7 (2008): 1567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080451.

Full text

Abstract:

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) replaces the initially expressed IgH Cμ exons with a set of downstream IgH constant region (CH) exons. Individual sets of CH exons are flanked upstream by long (1–10-kb) repetitive switch (S) regions, with CSR involving a deletional recombination event between the donor Sμ region and a downstream S region. Targeting CSR to specific S regions might be mediated by S region–specific factors. To test the role of endogenous S region sequences in targeting specific CSR events, we generated mutant B cells in which the endogenous 10-kb

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ravi, Siva Prasad. "Does Stakeholder Perception of Firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Firm Performance?" International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 4, no. 1 (2013): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2013010107.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present-day business landscape characterised by global competition, demanding customers and depleting natural resources, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an important strategy for corporations for creating competitive advantage. CSR involves a corporation’s commitment to align performance (revenue growth and profit) motives with fulfillment of social, ethical, community and environmental obligations. Researchers have found a positive correlation between stakeholder perceptions of firm’s CSR performance and financial performance, assuming other factors as constant. This p

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Quan, Dong, and Alojz Ivankovic. "The curing behaviour and thermo-mechanical properties of core–shell rubber-modified epoxy nanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 3 (2018): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391118820618.

Full text

Abstract:

This work investigates the effects of core–shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles on the curing behaviour and thermo-mechanical properties of an epoxy using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis approaches. Interaction between CSR nanoparticles and epoxy matrix is detected at a temperature of approximately 97°C in the curing process. This results in an increase in the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the cured nanocomposites. Given the semi-dynamic curing schedule, the curing process of all the epoxy nanocomposites consists of an abrupt onset stage followed b

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Sellars, MacLean, Bernardo Reina-San-Martin, Philippe Kastner, and Susan Chan. "Ikaros controls isotype selection during immunoglobulin class switch recombination." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 5 (2009): 1073–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20082311.

Full text

Abstract:

Class switch recombination (CSR) allows the humoral immune response to exploit different effector pathways through specific secondary antibody isotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms and factors that control immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype choice for CSR are unclear. We report that deficiency for the Ikaros transcription factor results in increased and ectopic CSR to IgG2b and IgG2a, and reduced CSR to all other isotypes, regardless of stimulation. Ikaros suppresses active chromatin marks, transcription, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) accessibility at the γ2b and γ2a genes to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Sun, Lei. "Effect of Variable Confining Pressure on Cyclic Triaxial Behavior of K0-consolidated Soft Marine Clay." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (2018): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309130.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of variable confining pressure (VCP) on the cyclic deformation and cyclic pore water pressure in K0-consolidated saturated soft marine clay were investigated with the help of the cyclic stress-controlled advanced dynamic triaxial test in undrained condition. The testing program encompassed three cyclic deviator stress ratios, CSR=0.189, 0.284 and 0.379 and three stress path inclinations ηampl=3,1 and 0.64. All tests with constant confining pressure (CCP) and variable confining pressure (VCP) have identical initial stress and average stress. The results were analyzed in terms of the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Braikia, Fatima-Zohra, Chloé Oudinet, Dania Haddad, et al. "Inducible CTCF insulator delays the IgH 3′ regulatory region-mediated activation of germline promoters and alters class switching." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (2017): 6092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701631114.

Full text

Abstract:

Class switch recombination (CSR) plays an important role in adaptive immune response by enabling mature B cells to switch from IgM expression to the expression of downstream isotypes. CSR is preceded by inducible germline (GL) transcription of the constant genes and is controlled by the 3′ regulatory region (3′RR) in a stimulus-dependent manner. Why the 3′RR-mediated up-regulation of GL transcription is delayed to the mature B-cell stage is presently unknown. Here we show that mice devoid of an inducible CTCF binding element, located in the α constant gene, display a marked isotype-specific in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Taran, Zina, and Boris Mirkin. "Exploring patterns of corporate social responsibility using a complementary K-means clustering criterion." Business Research 13, no. 2 (2020): 513–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-00106-9.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Companies’ objectives extend beyond mere profitability, to what is generally known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Empirical research effort of CSR is typically concentrated on a limited number of aspects. We focus on the whole set of CSR activities to identify any structure to that set. In this analysis, we take data from 1850 of the largest international companies via the conventional MSCI database and focus on four major dimensions of CSR: Environment, Social/Stakeholder, Labor, and Governance. To identify any structure hidden in almost constant average values, we apply t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fu, M. W., H. P. Yang, P. Chen, X. Zhang, and G. C. Wang. "Study on the Enhanced Superplasticity of Mg-Li Based Alloy by a Stepped Deformation Method." Defect and Diffusion Forum 385 (July 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.385.103.

Full text

Abstract:

A two-step deformation approach is proposed for the superplastic deformation (SPD) of Mg-9Li-1Al (LA91) alloy. This method has been successfully applied to titanium alloys and has induced enhanced superplasticity, and the feasibility of the method for the Mg-Li based alloy is explored. In a previous research, single-step SPD of LA91 alloy has been investigated, and the highest elongation of 563.7% was obtained by using the 8-pass equal channel angular extruded material, by the maximum strain rate sensitivity (Maxm) mode deformation. While in this research, the raw material in the as-extruded s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

ORZEŁ, Bartosz. "Non-financial value creation due to non-financial data reporting quality." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology – Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 148 (2020): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.148.44.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose:The main purpose of this article is to show non-financial value creation due to CSR 6reporting processes, a study on reports standards, types of reports submit by Polish enterprises 7and the statistics of the usage of these standards.8Design/methodology/approach:In this paper,GRI guideline requirements werepresented as 9a path to good-quality report creation. Additionally, anexample of quality assurance in CSR 10reporting in accordance withGRI guideline requirements was presented. The paper is based on 11the case study method. 12Findings:The result of the literature analysis is to show

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Dunnick, Wesley A., John T. Collins, Jian Shi, et al. "Switch recombination and somatic hypermutation are controlled by the heavy chain 3′ enhancer region." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 12 (2009): 2613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091280.

Full text

Abstract:

Both class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) require transcription and the trans-acting factor activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and must be up-regulated during antigen-dependent differentiation of B lymphocytes. To test the role of the heavy chain 3′ enhancers in both CSR and SHM, we used a BAC transgene of the entire heavy chain constant region locus. Using Cre-loxP recombination to delete a 28-kb region that contains the four known 3′ heavy chain enhancers, we isolated lines of BAC transgenic mice with an intact heavy chain locus and paired lines in the s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Manis, John P., Nienke van der Stoep, Ming Tian, et al. "Class Switching in B Cells Lacking 3′ Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Enhancers." Journal of Experimental Medicine 188, no. 8 (1998): 1421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.8.1421.

Full text

Abstract:

The 40-kb region downstream of the most 3′ immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain constant region gene (Cα) contains a series of transcriptional enhancers speculated to play a role in Ig heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR). To elucidate the function of this putative CSR regulatory region, we generated mice with germline mutations in which one or the other of the two most 5′ enhancers in this cluster (respectively referred to as HS3a and HS1,2) were replaced either with a pgk-neor cassette (referred to as HS3aN and HS1,2N mutations) or with a loxP sequence (referred to as HS3aΔ and HS1,2Δ, re

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Jolly, Christopher J., Adam J. L. Cook, and John P. Manis. "Fixing DNA breaks during class switch recombination." Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, no. 3 (2008): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080356.

Full text

Abstract:

Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) involves the breakage and subsequent repair of two DNA sequences, known as switch (S) regions, which flank IgH constant region exons. The resolution of CSR-associated breaks is thought to require the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway, but the role of the NHEJ factor DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) in this process has been unclear. A new study, in which broken IgH-containing chromosomes in switching B cells were visualized directly, clearly demonstrated that DNA-PKcs and, unexpectedly, the nuclease

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Panchakshari, Rohit A., Xuefei Zhang, Vipul Kumar, et al. "DNA double-strand break response factors influence end-joining features of IgH class switch and general translocation junctions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 4 (2018): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719988115.

Full text

Abstract:

Ig heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) in B lymphocytes switches IgH constant regions to change antibody functions. CSR is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within a donor IgH switch (S) region and a downstream acceptor S region. CSR is completed by fusing donor and acceptor S region DSB ends by classical nonhomologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) and, in its absence, by alternative end-joining that is more biased to use longer junctional microhomologies (MHs). Deficiency for DSB response (DSBR) factors, including ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and 53BP1, variably impair

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Le Noir, Sandrine, Amélie Bonaud, Bastien Hervé, et al. "IgH 3’ regulatory region increases ectopic class switch recombination." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 2 (2021): e1009288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009288.

Full text

Abstract:

DNA lesions inflicted by activation-induced deaminase (AID) instrumentally initiate the processes reshaping immunoglobulin genes in mature B-cells, from local somatic hypermutation (SHM) to junctions of distant breaks during class switch recombination (CSR). It remains incompletely understood how these divergent outcomes of AID attacks are differentially and temporally focused, with CSR strictly occurring in the Ig heavy chain (IgH) locus while SHM concentrates on rearranged V(D)J regions in the IgH and Ig light chain loci. In the IgH locus, disruption of either the 3’Regulatory Region (3’RR)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Papavasiliou, F. Nina, and David G. Schatz. "The Activation-induced Deaminase Functions in a Postcleavage Step of the Somatic Hypermutation Process." Journal of Experimental Medicine 195, no. 9 (2002): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20011858.

Full text

Abstract:

Activation of B cells by antigen fuels two distinct molecular modifications of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Class-switch recombination (CSR) replaces the Igμ heavy chain constant region with a downstream constant region gene, thereby altering the effector function of the resulting antibodies. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) introduces point mutations into the variable regions of Ig genes, thereby changing the affinity of antibody for antigen. Mechanistic overlap between the two reactions has been suggested by the finding that both require the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). It has been

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zabneva, Elvira, and Yulia Kuznetsova. "The quality of corporate social responsibility of large coal mining companies in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020807010.

Full text

Abstract:

The work proves the existence of two forms of social responsibility - constant and permanent, the level of which significantly differs among subjects of social activity (state, business and citizens). The authors introduced the term - “quality of corporate social responsibility” (QCSR) and key indicators for its assessment: 1) coverage of several segments of CSR implementation; 2) consistency in the implementation of CSR directions; 3) variety of directions within each segment; 4) information transparency of activities in terms of ensuring CSR. It was determined that the activities of coal min

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Huang, Feng-Ting, Kefei Yu, Barbara B. Balter та ін. "Sequence Dependence of Chromosomal R-Loops at the Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Sμ Class Switch Region". Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, № 16 (2007): 5921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00702-07.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The mechanism by which the cytidine deaminase activation-induced deaminase (AID) acts at immunoglobulin heavy-chain class switch regions during mammalian class switch recombination (CSR) remains unclear. R-loops have been proposed as a basis for this targeting. Here, we show that the difference between various forms of the Sμ locus that can or cannot undergo CSR correlates well with the locations and detectability of R-loops. The Sμ R-loops can initiate hundreds of base pairs upstream of the core repeat switch regions, and the area where the R-loops initiate corresponds to the zone wh

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rothschild, Gerson, Wanwei Zhang, Junghyun Lim, et al. "Noncoding RNA transcription alters chromosomal topology to promote isotype-specific class switch recombination." Science Immunology 5, no. 44 (2020): eaay5864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aay5864.

Full text

Abstract:

B cells undergo two types of genomic alterations to increase antibody diversity: introduction of point mutations into immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain (IgH and IgL) variable regions by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and alteration of antibody effector functions by changing the expressed IgH constant region exons through IgH class switch recombination (CSR). SHM and CSR require the B cell–specific activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein, the transcription of germline noncoding RNAs, and the activity of the 3′ regulatory region (3′RR) super-enhancer. Although many transcription reg

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Servera-Francés, David, María Fuentes-Blasco, and Lidia Piqueras-Tomás. "The Importance of Sustainable Practices in Value Creation and Consumers’ Commitment with Companies’ Commercial Format." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 9852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239852.

Full text

Abstract:

Sustainable economic models are essential for any economic sector of the country. Companies must manage their relationships with the agents involved in their economic activity through a strategy based on dialogue and the constant pursuit of a balance among economic, social and environmental interests. In this regard, there has been an increase in customers’ interest in products or businesses that display a comparatively higher commitment with workers, the environment, or society as a whole. This study aims at gaining further insight into the relationship between the committed customer and the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Schenten, Dominik, Angela Egert, Manolis Pasparakis, and Klaus Rajewsky. "M17, a gene specific for germinal center (GC) B cells and a prognostic marker for GC B-cell lymphomas, is dispensable for the GC reaction in mice." Blood 107, no. 12 (2006): 4849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-10-4154.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn T-cell–dependent antibody responses, antigen-specific B cells undergo a phase of secondary antibody diversification in germinal centers (GCs). Somatic hypermutation (SHM) introduces mutations into the rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) region genes, and class-switch recombination (CSR) alters the Ig heavy (H) chain constant region. Aberrant SHM or CSR is thought to contribute to the development of GC-derived B-cell malignancies. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a heterogeneous group of such GC-derived tumors. Based on their gene expression profile, DLBCLs can be

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Khamlichi, Ahmed Amine, Florence Glaudet, Zeliha Oruc, Vincent Denis, Marc Le Bert та Michel Cogné. "Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in mice devoid of any Sμ tandem repeat". Blood 103, № 10 (2004): 3828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-10-3470.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Immunoglobulin heavy-chain class-switch recombination (CSR) occurs between highly repetitive switch sequences located upstream of the constant region genes. However, the role of these sequences remains unclear. Mutant mice were generated in which most of the Iμ-Cμ intron was deleted, including all the repeats. Late B-cell development was characterized by a severe impairment, but not a complete block, in class switching to all isotypes despite normal germ line transcription. Sequence analysis of the Iμ-Cμ intron in in vitro activated–mutant splenocytes did not reveal any significant in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Bugari, Radmila Anca, Sorin Bașchir, Ciprian Mihali, et al. "BACTERIAL BIOFILM IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS AND CHRONIC ADENOIDITIS." Romanian Medical Journal 68, no. 2 (2021): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2021.2.19.

Full text

Abstract:

Chronic rhinosinusitis with chronic adenoiditis in children represents a global public health issue, seriously affecting the quality of parents and children life, because of its irritating symptoms like intermittent snoring, mouth breathing, dry mouth, nasal obstruction, headaches increased irritability and focus disorders on children. Bacterial biofilms are highly associated with the chronic infectious processes in children. Correct therapeutical management of this diagnostic combination is mandatory to improve the quality of one’s life. Objectives. The aim of the study is: to observe the rat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ma, Fuquan, Xue Luo, Zhiyi Huang, and Jinchang Wang. "Characterization of Recovery in Asphalt Binders." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040920.

Full text

Abstract:

The recovery property of asphalt binders plays an important role in the performance and service life of asphalt pavements. Since the internal stress is the driving force for the recovery of asphalt binders, the accurate measurement of the internal stress is full of significance. Based on this rationale, this paper aims to measure the internal stress of asphalt binders using a creep and step-loading recovery (CSR) test and characterizing the recovery behaviors by the internal stress. One base asphalt binder and one styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified binder are selected in this study. The

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Shimoda, Michiko, Toru Nakamura, Yoshimasa Takahashi, et al. "Isotype-specific Selection of High Affinity Memory B Cells in Nasal-associated Lymphoid Tissue." Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, no. 11 (2001): 1597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.11.1597.

Full text

Abstract:

Mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig)A dominance has been proposed to be associated with preferential class switch recombination (CSR) to the IgA heavy chain constant region, Cα. Here, we report that B cell activation in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) upon stimulation with the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) coupled to chicken γ globulin caused an anti-NP memory response dominated by high affinity IgA antibodies. In the response, however, NP-specific IgG+ B cells expanded and sustained their number as a major population in germinal centers (GCs), supporting the view that CSR to IgG

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Česynienė, Rima, and Marina Neverkevič. "OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENTING INITIATIVES OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE FIRMS." Business, Management and Education 8, no. 1 (2010): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2010.18.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the obstacles to implementing social responsibility initiatives in small and medium-size business firms. The implementing fields and the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in small and medium-size business firms are stressed in the paper. The current situation of CSR in Lithuanian small and medium-size firms is presented. The research data allowed discovering that the main obstacle to implement social responsibility in the small and medium-size firms is the managers’ attitude that social responsibility is a matter of great con

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Batko, Roman, and Jan Kreft. "The superfluousness of CSR in media organisations." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 1 (2017): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2015-0172.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose However, the scale of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation in Polish media organisations is diversified. The survey, which was conducted among the CEOs of some regional radio broadcast partnerships in Poland, indicates that only one of them has in fact accepted the CSR solutions. The majority of this group think there is no need to implement CSR because they consider it to be a duplication of the public media mission. Considering commercial media, all the biggest TV and radio stations apply CSR. The pressure is manifested by the fact that numerous media organisations –

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Drieniková, Katarína, and Peter Sakál. "Respecting Stakeholders and Their Engagement to Decision Making – The Way of Successful Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 20, Special-Number (2012): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10186-012-0028-z.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Current world situation characterized by constant dynamic development and changes in all spheres enforced us to view the business not only as a profit creator but as creator of added value to the society. The paper deals with the stakeholders as the integral part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept. It mentions the topic of stakeholder theory and stakeholder management in consideration of sustainable development and sustainable competitiveness of business. Within the paper are mentioned outputs of pilot research carried on among Slovak companies focusing on stakeholders a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

McHill, Andrew, Ciaran McMullan, Joseph Hull, Wei Wang, and Elizabeth Klerman. "078 Chronic sleep and circadian disruption differentially affects blood pressure, renal sodium retention, and aldosterone secretion." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A32—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.077.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and recurrent circadian disruption (RCD; e.g., rotating shiftwork) can increase an individual’s risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. However, no study has assessed whether CSR and RCD together increase blood pressure (BP) and alter renal function (RF). We tested the hypotheses that the combination of CSR and RCD would increase blood pressure, renal sodium retention, and aldosterone secretion in individuals living for 3 weeks on an imposed non-24-h sleep-wake (SW) schedule (induces RCD) and controlled diet with or without CSR. Methods

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hertz, Daniel L. "Elastomers - An Engineering Material." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, no. 3 (2007): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548177.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Elastomers are engineering materials. Defined as nonlinear viscoelastic solids; applications are normally deformations under twenty five (25) percent. Conventional engineering values of shear modulus G and Young's modulus E can be determined in this relatively linear section of the stress-strain relationships. The viscoelastic description indicates a time/temperature relation response. Treloar notes that G is both the shear modulus value and the elastic constant. The high bulk modulus allows us to assume E=3G thus we have several approaches to develop G and utilize the equation G=NκT=

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Laurencikiene, Jurga, Vytas Tamosiunas та Eva Severinson. "Regulation of ϵ germline transcription and switch region mutations by IgH locus 3′ enhancers in transgenic mice". Blood 109, № 1 (2006): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-02-005355.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Germline (GL) transcription is regulated by specific promoters and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) 3′ locus enhancers and is necessary for Ig class-switch recombination (CSR). We have generated different transgenic lines containing the GL ϵ promoter, switch (S) ϵ region, and constant (C) ϵ region with or without the DNase I–sensitive regions (HS) 3A-HS1,2 or HS3B-HS4 3′ IgH enhancer pairs. The enhancerless construct was expressed in B cells activated by interleukin (IL)–4 and CD40, thus resembling regulation of the endogenous gene. Both enhancer-containing transgenes efficiently incr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ng, C. W. W., and J. Xu. "Effects of current suction ratio and recent suction history on small-strain behaviour of an unsaturated soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 2 (2012): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-097.

Full text

Abstract:

Although the small-strain shear modulus of saturated soils is known to be significantly affected by stress history, consisting of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) and recent stress history, the effects of suction history on the small-strain shear modulus of unsaturated soils have rarely been reported. In this study, the effects of suction history, which refers to current suction ratio (CSR) and recent suction history, on both the very-small-strain shear modulus (G0) and shear modulus reduction curve of an unsaturated soil, are investigated by carrying out constant net mean stress compression

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Taylor, Brian J., Julie A. Pittman, Andrew R. Belch, and Linda M. Pilarski. "VDJ-Switch Region Analysis in Multiple Myeloma Patients Reveals Homogeneity and Long-Term Stability of Switch Junctions, and Ongoing Mutation Upstream of Switch Mu." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1414.1414.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract During class switch recombination (CSR) B cells change their immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) constant region genes by a deletional recombination mechanism involving well characterized switch (S) regions several Kb downstream of IgH variable region (VDJ) sequences. Unlike VDJ recombination, the junction formed by CSR between pre-switch S-mu (IgM) and post-switch S-gamma (IgG) is imprecise, and the key factors mediating this process are not fully understood. In multiple myeloma, a bone marrow cancer characterized by post-switch plasma cells bearing a unique clonotypic VDJ, switch regio

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ruminy, Philippe, Lucile Couronné, Fabrice Jardin, et al. "Non Germinal-Center B Cell Like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Results From Repeated Activation of IgM B Cells That Resist Class-Switching." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.318.318.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Abstract 318 Aberrant junctions involving the switch regions of the IGH locus are frequent in the non-GCB subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), suggesting that some deregulation of the class switch recombination process (CSR) participates in the acquisition of genomic abnormalities in this pathology. To address the impact of this defect on the B cell receptor (BCR) itself we characterized the variable and constant regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain by RT-PCR in 51 cases. Our results show that, in contrast with most GCB cases, almost all non-GCB DLBCL express an IgM

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Putra, Joni Agusah, and Muhammad Doddy. "Mengukur Tingkat Efisiensi Bank Umum Syariah dengan Metode DEA dan Perbandingan dengan Rasio Keuangan (Studi Kasus: PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia dan PT Bank Mega Syariah)." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH 1, no. 1 (2020): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v1i1.134.

Full text

Abstract:

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat efisiensi Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) dan Bank Mega Syariah (BMS). Metode yang digunakan adalah data envelopment analysis (DEA) model constant return to scale (CRS) dan model variabel return to scale (VRS) dengan pendekatan aset dan produksi. Hasil DEA model CRS pendekatan aset dibadingkan dengan rasio ROA sedangkan hasil DEA model VRS pendekatan produksi dibandingkan dengan rasio BOPO.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pada pendekatan aset BMI cenderung tidak efisien baik dengan model CRS, VRS dan secara skala. Sementara pada pendekatan produks

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Velte, Patrick. "Does CEO power moderate the link between ESG performance and financial performance?" Management Research Review 43, no. 5 (2019): 497–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2019-0182.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Based on stakeholder and upper echelons theory, this study aims to analyze whether the link between environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and financial performance is moderated by chief executive officer (CEO) power. Design/methodology/approach Listed corporations with reference to the German two-tier system (HDAX and SDAX) for the business years 2010-2018 (775 firm-year observations) have been included. Fixed effects panel regression analysis was conducted to analyze the link between ESG performance (in total and its three pillars) and financial performance (ROA), wit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Arenson, Lukas U., and Sarah M. Springman. "Mathematical descriptions for the behaviour of ice-rich frozen soils at temperatures close to 0 °C." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 2 (2005): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-109.

Full text

Abstract:

With the use of creep and constant strain rate (CSR) tests, mathematical formulations were found that describe the thermomechanical behaviour of ice-rich frozen soils. A Glen-type relationship was chosen for the formulation of minimum creep strain rates at temperatures between 4 °C and 1 °C. The shear strength of the material could be described by a MohrCoulomb failure criterion. Furthermore, it was possible to compare the creep behaviour with the strength of similar soils under constant strain rates. The minimum creep strain rate increases proportionally as the temperature approaches the m

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Jastrzębska, Ewa. "Ewolucja społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w Polsce." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2016.4.4.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to show the evolution of the idea of corporate social responsibility in Poland. It is based on a critical analysis of literature, web research and participatory observation. Both birth of the idea of corporate social responsibility and stages of evolution of the way it is understood were similar in Poland and in Western Europe. However, those processes in Poland were delayed and their scale was smaller. The importance of the concept of CSR is also not as rigid and tends to change. This is due to the fact that the concept itself is derived from practice, evolving

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Anagnostopoulos, Christos, Terri Byers, and Dimitrios Kolyperas. "Understanding strategic decision-making through a multi-paradigm perspective." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 7, no. 1 (2017): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-02-2016-0005.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the efficacy of using a multi-paradigm perspective to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and strategic decision-making processes in the context of charitable foundations. Design/methodology/approach This paper integrates and synthesizes the micro-social processes of “assessable transcendence” (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2014) with Whittington’s (2001) perspectives on strategy. “Assessable transcendence” was achieved from the constant comparison of categories developed through an early iterative process in which

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Costedoat, G., C. S. Feria, S. Pradhan, L. S. Stone, and E. E. Flynn-Evans. "0254 The Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Multiple Object Tracking." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.252.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction The ability to simultaneously track numerous moving objects in the presence of irrelevant stimuli is essential for successfully carrying out a variety of tasks. Sleep loss impairs neurocognitive functioning and, as a result, attentional processing capacity is reduced. The objective of the current study was to determine if performance on the multiple object tracking (MOT) task was adversely impacted by a week of chronic sleep restriction (CSR). Methods Twelve healthy participants (6 males, 6 females) kept a fixed sleep-wake schedule, with a constant waketime, at home for f

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Egorov, Ivan N., Nikolay Ya Egorov, and Viktor P. Kryzhanovsky. "Kinetics of Structural Changes in Strontium Hexa-Ferrite Powder during Milling in Beater Mill." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.199.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of strontium hexa-ferrite average particle size and structural characteristics changes during milling process. Coarse strontium hexaferrite was milled in beater mill, without and with electromagnetic effect. Electromagnetic effect was produced by constant and alternating gradient magnetic fields with mutually perpendicular induction lines. Particle sizes were measured by microscopic methods, and structural characteristics were calculated by processing of X-ray diffractograms. Diffraction studies showed that during milling process, both wit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!