Relevant bibliographies by topics / Constant-force

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Constant-force'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Constant-force"

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Morozov, V. P., M. P. Dergachev, and M. V. Lasunin. "Force Constant Transportability Problem." Journal of Structural Chemistry 44, no. 6 (November 2003): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jory.0000034802.51499.ff.

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Wang, Dung-An, Jyun-Hua Chen, and Huy-Tuan Pham. "A constant-force bistable micromechanism." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 189 (January 2013): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.10.042.

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Parlaktaş, Volkan. "Spatial compliant constant-force mechanism." Mechanism and Machine Theory 67 (September 2013): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2013.04.007.

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Nathan, R. H. "A Constant Force Generation Mechanism." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 107, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3260755.

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A mechanism is described that generates a constant, unidirectional force at any given point on a hinged lever, for all positions of the lever within a full rotation. It is shown how one of several selected geometric parameters of the mechanism may be preadjusted automatically to equilibrate the system, using force feedback from the output load. The constant force generator is introduced into a parallelogram four-bar mechanism, and it is shown that this system may replace links of a kinematic chain to achieve static balancing of the chain plus any additional masses or vertical forces.
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Feldman, J. L., J. Q. Broughton, L. L. Boyer, D. E. Reich, and M. D. Kluge. "Intramolecular-force-constant model forC60." Physical Review B 46, no. 19 (November 15, 1992): 12731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.12731.

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Garboczi, E. J. "Effective force constant for a central-force random network." Physical Review B 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.318.

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Kim, Jong-Do, and Moon-Chul Yoon. "Cutting Force Estimation Considering the Specific Cutting Force Constant." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 18, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2019.18.10.075.

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Scholl, D., M. P. Everson, and R. C. Jaklevic. "In situ force calibration of high force constant atomic force microscope cantilevers." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 7 (July 1994): 2255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144737.

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Nambiar, Rajalakshmi, Arivalagan Gajraj, and Jens-Christian Meiners. "All-Optical Constant-Force Laser Tweezers." Biophysical Journal 87, no. 3 (September 2004): 1972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.103.037697.

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Bauer, G., and H. Mikosch. "Force constant refinement in cartesian coordinates." Journal of Molecular Structure 142 (March 1986): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(86)85053-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constant-force"

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Fay, Dale K. "Characterization of a constant force suspension mechanism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48265.pdf.

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Weight, Brent L. "Development and design of constant-force mechanisms /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd137.pdf.

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Weight, Brent Lewis. "Development and Design of Constant-Force Mechanisms." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3.

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This thesis adds to the knowledge base of constant-force mechanisms (CFMs). It begins by reviewing past work done in the area of CFMs and then develops new nondimensionalized parameters that are used to simplify the calculations required to design a CFM. Comparison techniques are then developed that utilize these non-dimensionalized parameters to compare mechanisms based on stiffnesses, percent constant-force, actual lengths, normal displacements, and feasible design orientations. These comparison techniques are then combined with optimization to define new mechanisms with improved performance and range of capabilities. This thesis also outlines a design process, methods to identify mechanisms that are suitable for a given design problem, and relationships and trends between variables. The thesis concludes by discussing the adaptation of CFMs for use in electrical contacts and presenting the results of a design case study which successfully developed a constant-force electrical contact (CFEC).
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Dhanapala, Hembathanthirige Yasas. "Dielectric Constant Measurements Using Atomic Force Microscopy System." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1347907325.

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Yemm, Richard William. "Development of constant-force tank-testing techniques and associated instrumentation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11644.

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Over the last ten years there has been a resurgence of interest in the detailed experimental testing of sailing yacht designs. Part 1 of this thesis reports work carried out with the aim of improving test realism and data quality. Reduction of the cost of testing by increasing the rate of data generation is also reported. Constant-Force towing methods in oblique seas were developed. Both Constant-Force and Constant-Velocity data is presented along with a detailed comparison between the two modes. This comparison shows an apparent, frequency dependent, difference of up to +-2% between the two testing modes. During the work on yacht testing techniques a novel stiff DC loadcell was developed to meet the specific requirements of the tank testing apparatus. Part 2 of this thesis reports the work carried out on the development of this transducer. The final prototype achieved a full scale deflection of 10 microns with an overload factor of more than 20 times the rated load.
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Naylor, Thomas Alexander. "Exploration of Constant-Force Wristbands for a Wearable Health Device." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9166.

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Wearable Health Devices (WHDs) are an emerging technology that enables continuous monitoring of vital signs during daily life. Issues with constant and consistent data acquisition have been found while WHD technology has developed. The force of the measurement area and movement of the sensors are key mechanical issues that need to be solved for WHDs to become a viable way to continuously monitor health conditions. This work explores Constant-Force Mechanisms (CFMs) as a solution to problems the current WHD industry faces. Additionally, the relationship between force provided from the mechanism, sensor pressure on the wrist, patient comfort, and sensor readings quality are explored and analyzed. Design requirements for a constant-force wristband were narrowed down to seven critical requirements (mechanism size vs. allowable travel, ability to be used on a curved surface, works well with existing clasps, ease of assembly, direction of travel, material, and force generation). These key requirements need to be considered for a WHD with an integrated CFM to be designed successfully. Two main concepts (buckling beams and tape springs) were prototyped and evaluated against the seven key requirements. The design and testing of a wrist worn sensing band used to gather relationship data among band tension, sensor pressure, patient comfort, and pulsatile signal quality is also presented. Human subject testing (IRB2020-268) was performed on a wristband with an integrated CFM and the wrist worn sensing band that were developed. The band with an integrated CFM compared pressure on the wrist for both a band with and without an integrated CFM for eight different movement activities. On average the band with the integrated CFM had a lower coefficient of variation for all except one of the activities. The data collected from the wrist worn sensing band shows that tension varies linearly with pressure, and that the pressure vs. tension slope increases with increasing wrist width. There also exists a linear relationship between tension and patient pain/comfort, but pressure does not show an effect on the patient discomfort or pain experienced. Signal quality when measured in the range of of 0-4 N and 0-20 kPa does not have a direct correlation to either tension or pressure.
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Meaders, John C. "An optimization-based framework for designing robust cam-based constant-force compliant mechanisms /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2412.pdf.

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Meaders, John Christian. "An Optimization-Based Framework for Designing Robust Cam-Based Constant-Force Compliant Mechanisms." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1423.

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Constant-force mechanisms are mechanical devices that provide a near-constant output force over a prescribed deflection range. This thesis develops various optimization-based methods for designing robust constant-force mechanisms. The configuration of the mechanisms that are the focus of this research comprises a cam and a compliant spring fixed at one end while making contact with the cam at the other end. This configuration has proven to be an innovative solution in several applications because of its simplicity in manufacturing and operation. In this work, several methods are introduced to design these mechanisms, and reduce the sensitivity of these mechanisms to manufacturing uncertainties and frictional effects. The mechanism's sensitivity to these factors is critical in small scale applications where manufacturing variations can be large relative to overall dimensions, and frictional forces can be large relative to the output force. The methods in this work are demonstrated on a small scale electrical contact on the order of millimeters in size. The method identifies a design whose output force is 98.20% constant over its operational deflection range. When this design is analyzed using a Monte Carlo simulation the standard deviation in constant force performance is 0.76%. When compared to a benchmark design from earlier research, this represents a 34% increase in constant-force performance, and a reduction from 1.68% in the standard deviation of performance. When this new optimal design is evaluated to reduce frictional effects a design is identifed that shows a 36% reduction in frictional energy loss while giving up, however, 18.63% in constant force.
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Visner, John C. "Analytical and Experimental Analysis of the Large Deflection of a Cantilever Beam Subjected to a Constant, Concentrated Force, with a Constant Angle, Applied at the Free End." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1196090494.

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Boyle, Cameron. "A Closed-Form Dynamic Model of the Compliant Constant-Force Mechanism Using the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/53.

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A mathematical dynamic model is derived for the compliant constant-force mechanism, based on the pseudo-rigid-body model simplification of the device. The compliant constant-force mechanism is a slider mechanism incorporating large-deflection beams, which outputs near-constant-force across the range of its designed deflection. The equation of motion is successfully validated with empirical data from five separate mechanisms, comprising two configurations of compliant constant-force mechanism. The dynamic model is cast in generalized form to represent all possible configurations of compliant constant-force mechanism. Deriving the dynamic equation from the pseudo-rigid-body model is useful because every configuration is represented by the same model, so a separate treatment is not required for each configuration. An unexpected dynamic trait of the constant-force mechanism is discovered: there exists a range of frequencies for which the output force of the mechanism accords nearer to constant-force than does the output force at static levels.
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Books on the topic "Constant-force"

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Downes, Cathy. Senior officer professional development in the Australian Defence Force: Constant study to prepare. Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1989.

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Mero, Antti. Electromyographic activity, force and anaerobic energy production in sprint running: With special reference to different constant speeds ranging from submaximal to supramaximal. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1987.

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The RAF and trade defence 1919-1945: Constant endeavour. Keele, Staffordshire: Ryburn Publishing, 1995.

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Wittman, David M. Acceleration and Force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.003.0002.

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This chapter develops crucial distinctions between constant‐velocity (also called inertial) frames of reference and accelerating ones. Inertial frames respect Newton’s first law—objects maintain constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force—while accelerating frames violate this law. Therefore, much of our thinking about whether the laws of physics are the same in all frames will really concern *inertial* frames. Newton’s first law gives us a foolproof test for distinguishing accelerating frames from inertial frames; this testworks even if velocitymeasurements are not directly available. We sometimes invent fictitious forces (such as “centrifugal force”) to explain the acceleration of free objects in accelerating frames, but we know how to determine that these are indeed fictitious.We also examine relationships between acceleration, force, andmass (Newton’s second law).We *define*mass as the ratio of force to acceleration, so mass represents a resistance to acceleration, or inertia.
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Moesgen, Karl J. A coulomb force based on planck length and related to the fine structure constant. 1989.

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T, Long Y., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Bubble mass center and fluid feedback force fluctuations activated by constant lateral impulse with variable thrust. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Bubble mass center and fluid feedback force fluctuations activated by constant lateral impulse with variable thrust. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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The Effect of Interface Friction in Drawing AISI 304 Stainless Steel and AL1100 Materials at Constant Blank Holding Force using on Finite Element Simulation Studies. Tiruchengode, India: ASDF International, 2017.

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Henriksen, Niels Engholm, and Flemming Yssing Hansen. Static Solvent Effects, Transition-State Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses static solvent effects on the rate constant for chemical reactions in solution. It starts with a brief discussion of the thermodynamic formulation of transition-state theory. The static equilibrium structure of the solvent will modify the potential energy surface for the chemical reaction. This effect is analyzed within the framework of transition-state theory. The rate constant is expressed in terms of the potential of mean force at the activated complex. Various definitions of this potential and their relations to n-particle- and pair-distribution functions are considered. The potential of mean force may, for example, be defined such that the gradient of the potential gives the average force on an atom in the activated complex, Boltzmann averaged over all configurations of the solvent. It concludes with a discussion of a relation between the rate constants in the gas phase and in solution.
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Ferguson, Gillum. Headwinds. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036743.003.0010.

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This chapter explores how the loss of Prairie du Chien dealt a heavy blow at the British stronghold on Mackinac Island. Construction of Fort Shelby threatened the route by which the British supplied their Indian allies on the Mississippi. Supplies could still be distributed at Green Bay, Chicago, but for western tribes such as the Sioux and the Sauk, the Wisconsin River route was essential. Even to supply his own soldiers with food proved a constant struggle for the British commandant at Mackinac, and the constant throng of hungry allied Indians, usually accompanied by their families, often forced him to choose between depriving his own troops and alienating the Indians. The other danger threatening Mackinac was an American task force gathering under the command of Colonel George Croghan to retake the island.
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Book chapters on the topic "Constant-force"

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Goedecke, Andreas. "Asperity Creep Under Constant Force." In Transient Effects in Friction, 41–60. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1506-0_3.

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Vainshtein, S. I. "Force-Free Magnetic Fields with Constant Alpha." In Topological Aspects of the Dynamics of Fluids and Plasmas, 177–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3550-6_8.

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Wang, Nianfeng, Jianliang Zhang, and Xianmin Zhang. "Design of Passive Compliant Constant-Force Mechanism." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 471–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4477-4_33.

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Xu, Qingsong. "Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Constant-Force Microinjector." In Micromachines for Biological Micromanipulation, 91–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74621-0_5.

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Xu, Qingsong. "Design, Modeling, and Control of a Constant-Force Microgripper." In Micromachines for Biological Micromanipulation, 119–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74621-0_6.

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Jia, Yuxin, Yingmin Jia, Kai Gong, Yao Lu, and Meng Duan. "Sliding Mode Control for a Constant Force Suspension System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 832–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8450-3_86.

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O’Neill, Robert. "The Use of Military Force: Constant Factors and New Trends." In The Changing Strategic Landscape, 74–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11129-9_7.

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Lambert, Patrice, and Just L. Herder. "An Adjustable Constant Force Mechanism Using Pin Joints and Springs." In New Trends in Mechanism and Machine Science, 453–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44156-6_46.

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Lange, D., M. Zimmermann, C. Hagleitner, O. Brand, and H. Baltes. "CMOS 10-Cantilever Array for Constant-Force Parallel Scanning AFM." In Transducers ’01 Eurosensors XV, 1046–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59497-7_247.

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Sugiyama, Yoshihiko, Mikael A. Langthjem, and Kazuo Katayama. "Columns under a Follower Force with a Constant Line of Action." In Dynamic Stability of Columns under Nonconservative Forces, 103–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00572-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Constant-force"

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Zanaty, Mohamed, and Simon Henein. "Programmable Constant-Force Multistable Mechanisms." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85248.

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Programmable multistable mechanisms exhibit stability behavior whereby the stiffness and the number of stable states can be controlled via programming inputs. In this paper, we report the zero stiffness behavior of a 2-degree of programming (DOP) T-combined, axially loaded double parallelogram multistable mechanism. We demonstrate zero force monostability, constant force monostability, zero force bistability, constant force bistability and zero force tristability behaviors by tuning the programming input. We derive analytically the reaction force of the mechanism for each configuration and verify our analytical results using numerical simulations and experimental measurements, showing less than 10% discrepancy. The concept of constant-force programming can be extended to N-DOP T-combined, serial combined and parallel combined programmable multistable mechanisms. Finally, we present potential applications of stability programming.
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Nambiar, Rajalakshmi, Ben Liesfeld, Gajraj Arivalagan, and Jens-Christian D. Meiners. "Constant-force scanning-line optical tweezers." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2003.the3.

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Hasara, Steven, and Craig Lusk. "A Load-Adjustable Constant-Force Mechanism." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86246.

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This paper outlines the design of a compliant crank slider with adjustable constant-force output. Constant-force mechanisms (CFM) are used to maintain a constant output reaction force throughout a large range of compressive motion. This novel design improves on existing CFM by introducing a second degree of freedom that adjusts the mechanism’s output without changing its kinematic structure. This second degree of freedom is the rotation of a compliant beam about its longitudinal axis as it is constrained to the initial plane of bending. The resulting change in the beam’s stiffness allows for adjustment to a specifiable range of constant-force outputs.
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Wagner, Manfred H., and Víctor H. Rolón-Garrido. "Elongational flow of polymer melts at constant strain rate, constant stress and constant force." In NOVEL TRENDS IN RHEOLOGY V. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4802612.

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Miller, H. John. "Occupant Performance with Constant Force Restraint Systems." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960502.

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Frischknecht, Bart D., Larry L. Howell, and Spencer P. Magleby. "Crank-Slider With Spring Constant Force Mechanism." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57318.

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This paper explores the development and performance of new constant-force compliant mechanisms that involve the addition of a translational spring element to slider-crank constant force mechanisms. The translational spring element has the additional requirement that, similar to a slider, it resists off-axis loads sufficiently to permit translation along only one axis. Geometric and energy storage parameters have been determined by optimization for five classes of mechanisms. The results of the optimization are values for geometric and energy storage parameters for each mechanism class for various levels of the translational spring parameter and various levels of constant-force behavior. The new configurations experience decreasing performance with increasing translational spring stiffness. The potential to implement a translational spring that also acts as a slider link provides the motivation for the new configurations. Such a spring would have the potential to completely remove friction from the mechanism and provide a constant-force solution that could replace current solutions such as hydraulic or pneumatic devices. The new configurations also have the potential to be manufactured as one piece or in layers, opening up new arenas for compressive constant-force mechanisms. Prototyping and testing of one of the new configurations are included as an example to demonstrate the use of the behavioral model.
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Weight, Brent L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Larry L. Howell. "Selection of Compliant Constant-Force Mechanisms Based on Stress and Force Criteria." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASME, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/mech-34206.

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Wang, Hongyan, Jinbo Lu, and Xunbo Li. "Study of a pneumatic constant force tracking system." In Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emeit.2011.6023758.

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Millar, Alisa J., Larry L. Howell, and James N. Leonard. "Design and Evaluation of Compliant Constant-Force Mechanisms." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/mech-1209.

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Abstract Compliant constant-force mechanisms combine the effects of mechanical advantage and stored strain energy of flexible members to obtain constant output forces for a large range of input displacements. This paper extends and compliments previous work by accomplishing the following: i) dimensional synthesis is performed for a number of compliant constant-force mechanism configurations, ii) a simplified method of determining the magnitude of the constant output force is presented, and iii) experimental validation of the theory is addressed by reporting the results of testing three constant-force configurations. The results of i) and ii) are presented in a manner to be easily used by engineers designing such mechanisms. The results of iii) show that the mechanisms do follow a nearly constant force for a large input displacement, as predicted.
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Howell, Larry L., Ashok Midha, and Morgan D. Murphy. "Dimensional Synthesis of Compliant Constant-Force Slider Mechanisms." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0295.

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Abstract Constant-force mechanisms produce a constant output force for a range of input displacements. Such mechanisms are important in applications with a varying displacement but a constant resultant force required. Constant-force mechanism designs have been limited to rigid-link mechanisms, but the design of compliant, or flexible link, constant force mechanisms could increase the number of applications by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of compliant mechanisms. Murphy (1993) developed type-synthesis theories for compliant mechanisms and applied them to generate possible configurations for compliant constant-force slider mechanisms. This paper concentrates on the dimensional synthesis of several of the resulting topologies. Optimization and the pseudo-rigid-body-model concept are employed in the design procedure. An example application as an electrical connection for use in electronic chip carriers is also illustrated.
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Reports on the topic "Constant-force"

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Browne, James S. Air Force Leadership Development: Transformation's Constant. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424682.

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Munsterman, Dennis. Effective force constant ratios : iron in iridium and rhodium. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2980.

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Tang, Jau. Theory for electron-transfer reactions involving two Marcus surfaces with a different force constant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118598.

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Tang, J. The generalized spin-boson model for electron-transfer reactions involving two harmonic potentials with a different force constant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117016.

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Tang, J. Electron-transfer reactions involving two harmonic potentials with a different force constant: The Zusman approach versus the spin-boson model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159303.

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Nishimura, Masatsugu, Yoshitaka Tezuka, Enrico Picotti, Mattia Bruschetta, Francesco Ambrogi, and Toru Yoshii. Study of Rider Model for Motorcycle Racing Simulation. SAE International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0572.

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Various rider models have been proposed that provide control inputs for the simulation of motorcycle dynamics. However, those models are mostly used to simulate production motorcycles, so they assume that all motions are in the linear region such as those in a constant radius turn. As such, their performance is insufficient for simulating racing motorcycles that experience quick acceleration and braking. Therefore, this study proposes a new rider model for racing simulation that incorporates Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. In developing this model, it was built on the premise that it can cope with running conditions that lose contact with the front wheels or rear wheels so-called "endo" and "wheelie", which often occur during running with large acceleration or deceleration assuming a race. For the control inputs to the vehicle, we incorporated the lateral shift of the rider's center of gravity in addition to the normally used inputs such as the steering angle, throttle position, and braking force. We compared the performance of the new model with that of the conventional model under constant radius cornering and straight braking, as well as complex braking and acceleration in a single (hairpin) corner that represented a racing run. The results showed that the new rider model outperformed the conventional model, especially in the wider range of running speed usable for a simulation. In addition, we compared the simulation results for complex braking and acceleration in a single hairpin corner produced by the new model with data from an actual race and verified that the new model was able to accurately simulate the run of actual MotoGP riders.
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7

Khomenko, Tetiana. TIME AND SPACE OF HISTORICAL PARALLELS OF EUGEN SVERSTIUK’S JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11095.

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The article is dedicated to the investigation of time-space measurements of journalistic works of Eugen Sverstiuk, a well-known Ukrainian journalist. In particular, the time-space continuum of his works is being discussed, which is characterized as comprehensive, continuous, filled with archetypical images which metaphorize the text, but at the same time structure it, and are beaded on the axis of time and documentarily located in the space. The logics of images initiated in the text is exaggerated by constant dwelling of the author in the time-space dimensions of the epoque, of which he was a contemporary, as well as precise knowledge of World and Ukrainian history and culture. Historical parallelism of journalism of E. Sverstiuk possesses double potential. On the one hand, the author provides arguments for confirmation of his own opinion, and on the other, he shows us historical collisions in the new aspect, which helps consider the past, better understand the present, and think of the future. Pages of his works is space for author’s considerations, which logics impresses by free transgression of the author in the time, and his ability to grasp the most essential, although sometimes precedent, sometimes sudden and forgotten, or even unknown historical facts in order to force them to resonate in the new historical realities, first of all to indicate the importance of national and the need for assigning to it more significance. Using retrospectives, E. Sverstiuk encourages us to return to the national sources and to seek in ourselves the reflections of nationality in order to return historical truth to our audience. This is what, according to E. Sverstiuk, was believed to be one of the most necessary conditions of existence to the independent state. Time-space continuum of E. Sverstiuk’s journalism is reproduction of comprehensive history as continuous process of the development of humanity, and of formation of comprehensive, total, and so to say epic reading and understanding of these processes via accentuation of reader’s attention on key events, phenomena, and facts.
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8

Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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