Books: 'Constant-force'

1

Downes, Cathy. Senior officer professional development in the Australian Defence Force: Constant study to prepare. Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1989.

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2

Mero, Antti. Electromyographic activity, force and anaerobic energy production in sprint running: With special reference to different constant speeds ranging from submaximal to supramaximal. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1987.

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3

The RAF and trade defence 1919-1945: Constant endeavour. Keele, Staffordshire: Ryburn Publishing, 1995.

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4

Wittman, David M. Acceleration and Force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.003.0002.

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This chapter develops crucial distinctions between constant‐velocity (also called inertial) frames of reference and accelerating ones. Inertial frames respect Newton’s first law—objects maintain constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force—while accelerating frames violate this law. Therefore, much of our thinking about whether the laws of physics are the same in all frames will really concern *inertial* frames. Newton’s first law gives us a foolproof test for distinguishing accelerating frames from inertial frames; this testworks even if velocitymeasurements are not directly available. We sometimes invent fictitious forces (such as “centrifugal force”) to explain the acceleration of free objects in accelerating frames, but we know how to determine that these are indeed fictitious.We also examine relationships between acceleration, force, andmass (Newton’s second law).We *define*mass as the ratio of force to acceleration, so mass represents a resistance to acceleration, or inertia.

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5

Moesgen, Karl J. A coulomb force based on planck length and related to the fine structure constant. 1989.

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6

T, Long Y., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Bubble mass center and fluid feedback force fluctuations activated by constant lateral impulse with variable thrust. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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7

Bubble mass center and fluid feedback force fluctuations activated by constant lateral impulse with variable thrust. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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8

The Effect of Interface Friction in Drawing AISI 304 Stainless Steel and AL1100 Materials at Constant Blank Holding Force using on Finite Element Simulation Studies. Tiruchengode, India: ASDF International, 2017.

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9

Henriksen, Niels Engholm, and Flemming Yssing Hansen. Static Solvent Effects, Transition-State Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses static solvent effects on the rate constant for chemical reactions in solution. It starts with a brief discussion of the thermodynamic formulation of transition-state theory. The static equilibrium structure of the solvent will modify the potential energy surface for the chemical reaction. This effect is analyzed within the framework of transition-state theory. The rate constant is expressed in terms of the potential of mean force at the activated complex. Various definitions of this potential and their relations to n-particle- and pair-distribution functions are considered. The potential of mean force may, for example, be defined such that the gradient of the potential gives the average force on an atom in the activated complex, Boltzmann averaged over all configurations of the solvent. It concludes with a discussion of a relation between the rate constants in the gas phase and in solution.

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10

Ferguson, Gillum. Headwinds. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036743.003.0010.

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This chapter explores how the loss of Prairie du Chien dealt a heavy blow at the British stronghold on Mackinac Island. Construction of Fort Shelby threatened the route by which the British supplied their Indian allies on the Mississippi. Supplies could still be distributed at Green Bay, Chicago, but for western tribes such as the Sioux and the Sauk, the Wisconsin River route was essential. Even to supply his own soldiers with food proved a constant struggle for the British commandant at Mackinac, and the constant throng of hungry allied Indians, usually accompanied by their families, often forced him to choose between depriving his own troops and alienating the Indians. The other danger threatening Mackinac was an American task force gathering under the command of Colonel George Croghan to retake the island.

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11

Choi, Isaac. Infinite Cardinalities, Measuring Knowledge, and Probabilities in Fine-Tuning Arguments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798705.003.0006.

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This chapter deals with two different problems in which infinity plays a central role. It first responds to a claim that infinity renders counting knowledge-level beliefs an infeasible approach to measuring and comparing how much we know. There are two methods of comparing sizes of infinite sets, using the one-to-one correspondence principle or the subset principle, and it argues that we should use the subset principle for measuring knowledge. The chapter then turns to the normalizability and coarse tuning objections to fine-tuning arguments for the existence of God or a multiverse. These objections center on the difficulty of talking about the epistemic probability of a physical constant falling within a finite life-permitting range when the possible range of that constant is infinite. Applying the lessons learned regarding infinity and the measurement of knowledge, the chapter hopes to blunt much of the force of these objections to fine-tuning arguments.

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12

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Lagrangian mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0008.

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This chapter shows how the Newtonian law of motion of a particle subject to a gradient force derived from a ‘potential energy’ can always be obtained from an extremal principle, or ‘principle of least action’. According to Newton’s first law, the trajectory representing the motion of a free particle between two points p1 and p2 is a straight line. In other words, out of all the possible paths between p1 and p2, the trajectory effectively followed by a free particle is the one that minimizes the length. However, even though the use of the principle of extremal length of the paths between two points gives the straight line joining the points, this does not mean that the straight-line path is traced with constant velocity in an inertial frame. Moreover, the trajectory describing the motion of a particle subject to a force is not uniform and rectilinear.

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13

Jr, Peck Gaillard R. America's Secret MiG Squadron: The Red Eagles of Project CONSTANT PEG. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2012.

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14

Green, Monica. Caring for Gendered Bodies. Edited by Judith Bennett and Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.003.

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Given the comparatively slow pace of human evolution, the body, as a biological entity, may be taken more or less as a historical constant during the past 1500 years. But every interaction with that body was mediated by culture, and thus gender analysis is a driving force in the expanding field of the history of health. This essay looks at how changing expectations of gender and knowledge shaped medical and surgical interventions in three circumstances: pregnancy; childbirth emergencies; and the care of intersexed persons. The field of the history of health is still rapidly expanding, and the perspectives of gender analysis are a major part of what is driving that expansion forward.

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15

Escudier, Marcel, and Tony Atkins. A Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198832102.001.0001.

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Over 8,000 entries This Dictionary provides definitions and explanations for mechanical engineering terms in clear and concise A to Z entries, many illustrated. This new edition greatly expands the coverage of materials engineering terms, with a complete revision of the existing entries and the addition of more than 200 new ones in this area. Other new entries include atomic force microscope, epitrochoid, fundamental physical constant, light-emitting diode, motor generator unit, Ohm’s law, and turbomachine. Also touched upon are related subject areas such as acoustics, bioengineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, aeronautical engineering, and environmental engineering. It is the most comprehensive and authoritative dictionary of its kind, and an essential reference for students of mechanical engineering and for anyone with an interest in the subject.

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16

Baquero Cruz, Julio. Against Constitutional Pluralism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830610.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the concept of ‘constitutional pluralism’. If integration can be seen as a complex process in which institutions, powers, interests, norms, principles, and values are in constant interaction, an essential element on which to test its state of health is the principle of primacy, the partial resistance to it by some national constitutional actors, and the sophisticated attempt to transcend this tension through the theory of constitutional pluralism. Together with direct effect, primacy embodies the force of Union law with regard to state law, redefining legal boundaries in Europe. Indeed, what is at stake in primacy is the very existence of the law of integration as an autonomous system—an existence that cannot be without consequences for the constitutional orders of the Member States. Resisting the allure of pluralism, the chapter argues that the approach of Union law to its relationship with national law is preferable to the other approaches.

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17

Montgomery, Hugh, and Rónan Astin. Normal physiology of the cardiovascular system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0128.

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Preload modulates contractile performance, and is determined by end-diastolic volume (EDV) and ventricular compliance. Compliance falls with increasing preload, muscle stiffness or ventricular hypertrophy, making central venous pressure (CVP) a poor surrogate for EDV. Responsiveness to fluid loading can be identified by seeking a change in stroke volume (SV) with changes in cardiac loading. Afterload, the force to be overcome before cardiac muscle can shorten to eject blood, rises with transmural pressure and end-diastolic radius, and inversely with wall thickness. Afterload, being the tension across the ventricular wall, is influenced by pleural pressure. Reductions in afterload increase SV for any cardiac work, as do reductions in vascular resistance. Resistance is modified by changes in arteriolar cross-sectional area. A rise in resistance increases blood pressure and microvascular flow velocity. Increased resistance may reduce CO if cardiac work cannot be augmented sufficiently. Flow autoregulationis the ability of vascular beds to maintain constant flow across varied pressures by adjusting local resistance.

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18

Melo, Felipe Athayde Lins de. A burocracia penitenciarista: Estudo sobre a configuração da gestão prisional no Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-207-0.

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This book deals with the emergence of prison management in Brazil, understanding it as an effect of forces between different orders of the penitentiary apparatus, in which the Justice and Security bundles are highlighted, based on disputes and accommodations between actors, institutions and perspectives that, within each order or in their external interactions, configure the dynamics of the Brazilian Penitentiary Administration, within which a penitentiary bureaucracy is produced, specialized in mediating the conflicts and the approximations between the orders. In recent times, these mediations also suffer the influence of a third line of force, represented by the criminal groups originating inside prisons. Traveling thousands of kilometers through prisons, suburbs, government palaces and courtroom hallways, the study describes the constant updating of the brazilian penitentiary apparatus, which operates with the goal of ensuring it's reproduction by different strategies of accomodation of Law resulting from the preponderance of Security in the correlation of forces, which manifests in the composition, the functioning, the characterization and the processes of professional formation of the penitentiarist bureaucracy, comprehended as a diffuse and fragmented body that, far from characterizing a rationalization of the prison system, manifests itself, above all, as a government mentality.

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19

Mukherjee, Joia S., and Paul Farmer. An Introduction to Global Health Delivery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662455.001.0001.

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The passion to be a force for change, to work on the positive side of globalization, and to be part of a movement for human rights has called many young people to the field of global health. This passion stems from the knowledge that the world is not okay. Impoverished people are suffering and dying from treatable diseases while the wealthy live well into their 80s and 90s. Before the 21st century, people living in countries marred by slavery, colonialism, resource extraction, and neoliberal market policies had little access to health care. Public health in the 19th and 20th centuries focused on low-cost prevention programs instead of advancing the human right to health. In the mid-1990s, as the AIDS pandemic swept the African continent, an activist movement sparked new investment in the delivery of health care. This movement emphasized the need for a constant supply of drugs, good laboratories, and trained health workers to mitigate health disparities. This book captures the momentum for the delivery of care that began in the AIDS era and the launch of the Millennium Development Goals through the Sustainable Development Goals. The global health era in this book is defined as beginning with the AIDS activist-led fight to move from prevention only to the delivery of comprehensive health care. By focusing on equity and social justice, An Introduction to Global Health Delivery: Practice, Equity, Human Rights fills a much needed gap and positions global health as a field set to fulfil the universal right to health.

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20

Sapolsky, Harvey M. Security Studies and Security Policy: An American Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.297.

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Security studies in the United States is marred by a lack of status. Opportunities within American universities are limited by the fact that the work deals with war and the use of force. Another reason for the isolation of security studies is its inherent interdisciplinary nature. It is nearly impossible to separate military technology from security policy, and there is the constant requirement in doing security analysis to understand weapons and their operational effects. However, the most serious limitation of security studies is its narrowness. Nearly all of its ranks are international relations specialists concerned primarily with relationships among and between nation-states. Absent from serious analysis are international environmental, economic, and health issues that may precede and produce political upheaval and that have their own academic specialists. The collapse of the Soviet Union raised questions about the opportunities and dangers of the United States' globally dominant position. The efforts to specify America’s new grand strategy produced a variety of expressions which fall into four main categories. The first is Primacy. Its advocates are primarily the neo-conservatives who relished America’s post-Cold War global dominance and sought to thwart any attempts to challenge this dominance. The second strategy is usually labeled Liberal Interventionism, which is also based on the dominance of American military might and urges US intervention abroad. The third strategy is the Selective Engagement. Under this strategy the United States should intervene only where vital interests are at stake. The fourth strategy focused on Restraint.

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21

Wang, Aihe. Moral Rulership and World Order in Ancient Chinese Cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670055.003.0012.

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This chapter primarily focuses on the contrast between the ‘blue-sky’ serene world of classical Confucian ethics and the vulnerability of the Confucian scholar in a power structure rooted in a conquering warrior absolute monarchy. It further provides an exhaustive and authoritative history of Confucianism within the history of China and thoroughly reinforces criticisms of Confucianism in contrast to the Dao. The chapter portrays how the concept of the Mandate of Heaven was always used by military conquerors to provide legitimacy for their use of force. As Confucianism became the official ideology of the State during the time of Emperor Wu (141–87 BC), a very sharp contrast arose between the Confucian ideology represented by Dong Zhonshu (the time of Emperor Wu) and the Dao-oriented thinking of the King of Huainan. The former represented an authoritarian institution of centralization and hierarchy, with the Confucian scholar class claiming to interpret a moral cosmology to strengthen the authority of the emperor, and, by implication, that of his scholar advisers. Their task was to interpret the will of ‘an anthropomorphic deity from Zhou theology, attributing to it a heart, intention and love. Heaven manifests his will in omens … as Heaven’s speech’. Only the sage Confucius could understand and interpret the moral consciousness of Heaven. Their recommendation was for wholesale centralization of culture, political, military, and economic. At the same time, the Chinese Empire was in constant military expansion in all directions. It concluded with a recommendation for the conquest and execution of the Huainan kings, among others, as representatives of the anti-hierarchical Daoism. As Wang puts it, ‘the ideological unification was essential for building an authoritarian and centralized imperial order. By suppressing different cultural and philosophical traditions, it established universal rules and standards that were themselves the web of the centralized empire.

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Books on the topic 'Constant-force'

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