Relevant bibliographies by topics / Constant-sum condition

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Constant-sum condition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Constant-sum condition"

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Martin, Hector, Fey Mohammed, Kevin Lal, and Shannon Ramoutar. "Maintenance strategy selection for optimum efficiency – application of AHP constant sum." Facilities 38, no. 5/6 (2019): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-05-2018-0060.

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Purpose There are limited studies addressing how choosing a maintenance strategy can contribute towards maximising outputs from given inputs, thereby minimising costs and improving a company’s competitiveness. The analytic hierarchy constant sum method (AHCSM) is used to access the appropriateness of maintenance strategies for improving the overall efficiency of a structural steel fabrication construction company. Design/methodology/approach A semi-structured interview was formulated with the stakeholders of the quality department to understand the company’s maintenance portfolio and its curre
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Webb, J. R. L., and Weiyu Zhao. "On the maximal monotonicity and the range of the sum of nonlinear maximal monotone operators." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 34, no. 1 (1991): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001309150000506x.

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Conditions are given on two maximal monotone (multivalued) operators A and B which ensure that A + B is also maximal. One condition used is that ∥Bx∥≦k(∥x∥)Ax| +d|(A + B)x| + c(∥x∥) for every x∈D(A)⊆D(B), where 0≦k(r)<1, and c(r)≧0 are nondecreasing functions, and 0≦d≦1 is a constant. Here, for a set C, |C| denotes inf{∥y∥:y∈C}. This extends the well known result which has d = 0 (and is used in the proof here). The second part of the paper uses similar hypotheses to give conditions under which the range of the sum, R(A + B), has the same interior and same closure as the sum of the ranges, R
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Lawless, Jerald F. "A note on interval-censored lifetime data and the constant-sum condition of Oller, Gómez & Calle (2004)." Canadian Journal of Statistics 32, no. 3 (2004): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315933.

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Kella, Offer, Onno Boxma, and Michel Mandjes. "A Lévy Process Reflected at a Poisson Age Process." Journal of Applied Probability 43, no. 01 (2006): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200001480.

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We consider a Lévy process with no negative jumps, reflected at a stochastic boundary that is a positive constant multiple of an age process associated with a Poisson process. We show that the stability condition for this process is identical to the one for the case of reflection at the origin. In particular, there exists a unique stationary distribution that is independent of initial conditions. We identify the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the stationary distribution and observe that it satisfies a decomposition property. In fact, it is a sum of two independent random variables, one of whic
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Kella, Offer, Onno Boxma, and Michel Mandjes. "A Lévy Process Reflected at a Poisson Age Process." Journal of Applied Probability 43, no. 1 (2006): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1143936255.

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We consider a Lévy process with no negative jumps, reflected at a stochastic boundary that is a positive constant multiple of an age process associated with a Poisson process. We show that the stability condition for this process is identical to the one for the case of reflection at the origin. In particular, there exists a unique stationary distribution that is independent of initial conditions. We identify the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the stationary distribution and observe that it satisfies a decomposition property. In fact, it is a sum of two independent random variables, one of whic
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Cai, Wei, Jun Hu, and Shangyou Zhang. "High Order Hierarchical Divergence-Free Constrained Transport H(div) Finite Element Method for Magnetic Induction Equation." Numerical Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications 10, no. 2 (2017): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/nmtma.2017.s03.

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AbstractIn this paper, we propose to use the interior functions of an hierarchical basis for high order BDMp elements to enforce the divergence-free condition of a magnetic field B approximated by the H(div)BDMp basis. The resulting constrained finite element method can be used to solve magnetic induction equation in MHD equations. The proposed procedure is based on the fact that the scalar (p–1)-th order polynomial space on each element can be decomposed as an orthogonal sum of the subspace defined by the divergence of the interior functions of the p-th order BDMp basis and the constant funct
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Handelman, David. "Karamata Renewed and Local Limit Results." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 58, no. 5 (2006): 1026–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2006-039-5.

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AbstractConnections between behaviour of real analytic functions (with no negative Maclaurin series coefficients and radius of convergence one) on the open unit interval, and to a lesser extent on arcs of the unit circle, are explored, beginning with Karamata's approach. We develop conditions under which the asymptotics of the coefficients are related to the values of the function near 1; specifically, a(n) ∼ f(1 – 1/n)/αn (for some positive constant α), where f(t) = Σa(n)tn. In particular, if F = Σc(n)tn where c(n) ≥ 0 and Σc(n) = 1, then f defined as (1 – F)–1 (the renewal or Green's functio
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Do, K. D. "Flocking for Multiple Ellipsoidal Agents with Limited Communication Ranges." ISRN Robotics 2013 (November 26, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/387465.

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This paper contributes a design of distributed controllers for flocking of mobile agents with an ellipsoidal shape and a limited communication range. A separation condition for ellipsoidal agents is first derived. Smooth step functions are then introduced. These functions and the separation condition between the ellipsoidal agents are embedded in novel pairwise potential functions to design flocking control algorithms. The proposed flocking design results in (1) smooth controllers despite of the agents’ limited communication ranges, (2) no collisions between any agents, (3) asymptotic converge
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Beylkin, Gregory, Christopher Kurcz, and Lucas Monzón. "Fast algorithms for Helmholtz Green's functions." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2100 (2008): 3301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2008.0161.

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The formal representation of the quasi-periodic Helmholtz Green's function obtained by the method of images is only conditionally convergent and, thus, requires an appropriate summation convention for its evaluation. Instead of using this formal sum, we derive a candidate Green's function as a sum of two rapidly convergent series, one to be applied in the spatial domain and the other in the Fourier domain (as in Ewald's method). We prove that this representation of Green's function satisfies the Helmholtz equation with the quasi-periodic condition and, furthermore, leads to a fast algorithm fo
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ARIK, M., and V. GABAY. "MASSLESS SCALAR FIELDS IN NON-ABELIAN KALUZA-KLEIN THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, no. 04 (1994): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94000248.

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We investigate the presence of massless scalar fields in a Kaluza—Klein theory based on a dimensionally continued Euler-form action. We show that massless scalar fields exist provided that the internal space is a direct product of two irreducible manifolds. The condition of a vanishing effective four-dimensional cosmological constant and the presence of a graviton, gauge fields and massless scalar fields can be satisfied if both irreducible manifolds have odd dimensions and the sum of these dimensions is equal to the dimension of the Euler form.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constant-sum condition"

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Oller, Piqué Ramon. "Survival analysis issues with interval-censored data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6520.

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L'anàlisi de la supervivència s'utilitza en diversos àmbits per tal d'analitzar dades que mesuren el temps transcorregut entre dos successos. També s'anomena anàlisi de la història dels esdeveniments, anàlisi de temps de vida, anàlisi de fiabilitat o anàlisi del temps fins a l'esdeveniment. Una de les dificultats que té aquesta àrea de l'estadística és la presència de dades censurades. El temps de vida d'un individu és censurat quan només és possible mesurar-lo de manera parcial o inexacta. Hi ha diverses circumstàncies que donen lloc a diversos tipus de censura. La censura en un interval fa r
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Book chapters on the topic "Constant-sum condition"

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Marks II, Robert J. "Fourier Analysis in Systems Theory." In Handbook of Fourier Analysis & Its Applications. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195335927.003.0008.

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In the most general sense, any process wherein a stimulus generates a corresponding response can be dubbed a system. For a temporal system with single input, f (t), and single output, g(t), the relation can be written as . . . g(t) = S{ f (t)} (3.1) . . . where S{·} is the system operator. This is illustrated in Figure 3.1. There exist numerous system types. We define them here in terms of continuous signals. The equivalents in discrete time are given as an exercise. For homogeneous systems, amplifying or attenuating the input likewise amplifying or attenuating the output. For any constant, a,. . . S{a f(t)} = aS{ f (t)} (3.2) If the response of the sum is the sum of the responses, the system is said to be additive. Specifically,. . . S{ f1(t) + f2(t)} = S{ f1(t)} + S{ f2(t)} (3.3) . . . Systems that are both homogeneous and additive are said to be linear. The criteria in (3.2) and (3.3) can be combined into a single necessary and sufficient condition for linearity.. . . S{a f1(t) + bf2(t)} = aS{ f1(t)} + bS{ f2(t)} (3.4) . . . where a and b are constants. All linear systems produce a zero output when the input is zero. . . . S{0} = 0. (3.5). . . To show this, we use (3.4) with a = −b and f1(t) = f2(t). Note that, because of (3.5), the system defined by . . . g(t) = b f(t) + c . . . where b and c¹ 0 are constants, is not linear. It is not homogeneous since . . . S{a f} = b f + c ≠aS{ f} = a (b f + c) .
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Oriakhi, Christopher O. "Chemical Thermodynamics." In Chemistry in Quantitative Language. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367997.003.0025.

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Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the energy changes and transfers associated with chemical and physical transformations. Energy is the ability to do work or to transfer heat. A spontaneous process is one that can occur on its own without any external influence. A spontaneous process always moves a system in the direction of equilibrium. When a process or reaction cannot occur under the prescribed conditions, it is nonspontaneous. The reverse of a spontaneous process or reaction is always nonspontaneous. Heat (q) is the energy transferred between a system and its surroundings due to a temperature difference. Work (w) is the energy change when a force (F) moves an object through a distance (d). Thus. . . W = F ×d. . . . A system is a specified part of the universe (e.g., a sample or a reaction mixture we are studying). Everything outside the system is referred to as the surroundings. The universe is the system plus the surroundings. A state function is a thermodynamic quantity that defines the present state or condition of the system. Changes in state function quantities are independent of the path (or process) used to arrive at the final state from the initial state. Examples of state functions include enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change, (ΔS) and free energy change, (ΔG). The internal energy of a system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the particles making up the system. While it is not possible to determine the absolute internal energy of a system, we can easily measure changes in internal energy (which correspond to energy given off or absorbed by the system). The change in internal energy, . . . ΔE, is: ΔE = Efinal –Einitial. . . . The first law of thermodynamics, also called the law of conservation of energy, states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant, that is, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted from one form into another. In mathematical terms, the law states that the change in internal energy of a system, ΔE, equals q+w. That is,. . . ΔE = q+w. . . In other words, the change in E is equal to the heat absorbed (or emitted) by the system, plus work done on (or by) the system.
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Lakshmivarahan, S., and Sudarshan K. Dhall. "Size vs. Depth Trade-Off In Parallel Prefix Circuits." In Parallel Computing Using the Prefix Problem. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195088496.003.0013.

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Ladner-Fischer [1980] was the first one to demonstrate size vs. depth trade-off in parallel prefix circuits. In this Chapter, a lower bound from Snir [1986] on (size + depth) for prefix circuits is first derived. Several designs of parallel prefix circuits with optimal (size + depth) trade-offs are described. In this section, we derive a lower bound from Snir [1986] on the sum of depth and size of a class of prefix circuits. Let x = { x1, x2, • • • , XN }, be a set of N variables. Let D be the domain over which elements of x take their values, and let FN = { f1, f 2, . . . , fN } be a set of functions satisfying the following conditions: (SR1) fi, depends only on the variables x1, x2 , • • • xi, and (SR2) For each variable xi, i = 1, 2, • • • , N, there exist values ai, in D, such that, the set of functions fj |xi = ai = fj(x1,x2, . . . , xi-1, xi = ai, xi+1, . . . , xj), j=1,2, . . . , N, contains a family of (N - 1) functions satisfying these conditions. The family FN satisfying these two conditions is called a self reducible family of functions. Clearly, fi (x1, x2, . . . , xi) = x1 o x2 o . . . o xi, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, satisfies these conditions. Following is an example of a self-reducible family of functions. An associative binary operation θ is said to be non-trivial if the following conditions are satisfied: (i) Let z = x θ y. Then z depends on both x and y, that is, θ is not a projection, nor a constant operation, and (ii) There exists a (right) unit element e of θ, such that, x = x θ e.
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Phan-Thien, Nhan, and Sangtae Kim. "Numerical Implementation." In Microstructures in Elastic Media. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090864.003.0008.

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Analytical solutions to a set of boundary integral equations are rare, even with simple geometries and boundary conditions. To make any reasonable progress, a numerical technique must be used. There are basically four issues that must be discussed in any numerical scheme dealing with integral equations. The first and most basic one is how numerical integration can be effected, together with an effective way of dealing with singular kernels of the type encountered in elastostatics. Numerical integration is usually termed numerical quadrature, meaning mathematical formulae for numerical integration. The second issue is the boundary discretization: when integration over the whole boundary is replaced by a sum of the integrations over the individual patches on the boundary. Each patch would be a finite element, or in our case, a boundary element on the surface. Obviously a high-order integration scheme can be devised for the whole domain, thus eliminating the need for boundary discretization. Such a scheme would be problem dependent and therefore would not be very useful to us. The third issue has to do with the fact that we are constrained by the very nature of the numerical approximation process to search for solutions within a certain subspace of L2, say the space of piecewise constant functions in which the unknowns are considered to be constant over a boundary element. It is the order of this subspace, together with the order and the nature of the interpolation of the geometry, that gives rise to the names of various boundary element schemes. Finally, one is faced with the task of solving a set of linear algebraic equations, which is usually dense (the system matrix is fully populated) and potentially ill-conditioned. A direct solver such as Gauss elimination may be very efficient for small- to medium-sized problems but will become stuck in a large-scale simulation, where the only feasible solution strategy is an iterative method. In fact, iterative solution strategies lead naturally to a parallel algorithm under a suitable parallel computing environment. This chapter will review various issues involved in the practical implementation of the CDL-BIEM on a serial computer and on a distributed computing environment.
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Schmickler, Wolfgang. "Transient techniques." In Interfacial Electrochemistry. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089325.003.0019.

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The classical electrochemical methods are based on the simultaneous measurement of current and electrode potential. In simple cases the measured current is proportional to the rate of an electrochemical reaction. However, generally the concentrations of the reacting species at the interface are different from those in the bulk, since they are depleted or accumulated during the course of the reaction. So one must determine the interfacial concentrations. There are two principal ways of doing this. In the first class of methods one of the two variables, either the potential or the current, is kept constant or varied in a simple manner, the other variable is measured, and the surface concentrations are calculated by solving the transport equations under the conditions applied. In the simplest variant the overpotential or the current is stepped from zero to a constant value; the transient of the other variable is recorded and extrapolated back to the time at which the step was applied, when the interfacial concentrations were not yet depleted. In the other class of method the transport of the reacting species is enhanced by convection. If the geometry of the system is sufficiently simple, the mass transport equations can be solved, and the surface concentrations calculated. The interpretation becomes complicated if several reactions take place simultaneously. Since the measured current gives only the sum of the rate of all charge-transfer reactions, the elucidation of the reaction mechanism and the measurement of several rate constants becomes an art. A number of tricks can be used, such as complicated potential or current programs, auxiliary electrodes, etc., which work for special cases. There are several good books on the classical electrochemical techniques. Here we give a brief outline of the most important methods. We mostly restrict ourselves to the study of simple reactions, but will consider one example in which the charge-transfer reaction is preceded by a chemical reaction. The measurement of current and potential provides no direct information about the microscopic structure of the interface, though a clever experimentalist may make some inferences.
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Hallam, Tony. "The evolutionary significance of mass extinctions." In Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198524977.003.0013.

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Darwin was firmly of the opinion that biotic interactions, such as competition for food and space – the ‘struggle for existence’ – were of considerably greater importance in promoting evolution and extinction than changes in the physical environment. This is clearly brought out by this quotation from The Origin of Species: . . . Species are produced and exterminated by slowly acting causes . . . and the most important of all causes of organic change is one that is almost independent of altered . . . physical conditions, namely the mutual relation of organism to organism – the improvement of one organism entailing the improvement or extermination of others. . . . The driving force of competition in a crowded world is also stressed in another quotation presenting Darwin’s famous wedge metaphor: . . . In looking at Nature, it is most necessary . . . never to forget that every single organic being around us may be said to be striving to the utmost to increase in numbers; that each lives by a struggle at some period of its life; that heavy destruction inevitably falls either on the young or the old, during each generation . . . The face of Nature may be compared to a yielding surface, with ten thousand sharp wedges packed close together and driven inwards by incessant blows, sometimes one wedge being struck, and then another with greater force. . . . The implication of the Darwinian view concerning the dominance of biotic competition is that for each winner there is a loser – a kind of zero-sum game. It has been accepted more or less uncritically by generations of evolutionary biologists, but not until the 1970s did it become graced with a name – the Red Queen hypothesis. The story behind the emergence of this name is an interesting one. At the beginning of the 1970s the rather eccentric University of Chicago palaeobiologist Leigh Van Valen did some interesting research concerning the analysis of survivors of Phanerozoic taxa which suggested that the probability of a fossil group becoming extinct was more or less constant in time. To account for this, Van Valen put forward his Red Queen hypothesis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Constant-sum condition"

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Ahn, Hojin, Burhan Gul, Yavuz Sahin, and Onur Hartoka. "Experimental Investigation on the Condensation Efficiency of Humid Air in a Cross-Flow Condenser." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64331.

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The condensation of steam in the presence of air has been investigated experimentally in the cross-flow flat-plate single-channel condenser. In particular, the condensation efficiency which is defined by the ratio of heat released during the condensation process (the amount of latent heat) to the total heat extracted from the mixture of vapor and non-condensable gas (the sum of latent and sensible heats) is examined as a function of the air-steam mixture temperature and humidity at inlet and the flow rates of the air-steam mixture and cooling air. The preliminary results are obtained with the
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Cocconcelli, Marco, Cristian Secchi, Riccardo Rubini, Cesare Fantuzzi, and Luca Bassi. "Comparison Between Time-Frequency Techniques to Predict Ball Bearing Faults in Drives Executing Arbitrary Motion Profiles." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67580.

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In this paper Wavelet Transform (WT) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) are used as bearing diagnostics tools in drives executing arbitrary motion profiles. This field is increasingly drawing the attention of the industries because the modern electric motors work as electric cams inducing the shaft to move with a cyclic variable-velocity profile. The literature papers take into account only a constant velocity profile and they are not suitable for such applications. In fact literature methods analyse the signal only in the frequency domain, while in variable-velocity condition the bearing diagn
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Ge, Xueli, Zhongxiao Zhang, Xinglei Hu, Xiaojiang Wu, and Jian Zhang. "New Correlations of Weighted Sum of Grey Gases Model Applicable to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Oxy-Fuel Combustion and Implementation." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3171.

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Radiation heat transfer is the dominant model of heat transfer in the large scale industry boiler, especially in oxy-fuel combustion condition. Radiative properties of combustion gases and char oxidation in the oxy-fuel condition are obviously different from the air-fuel combustion, due to the N2 replaced by CO2. Through researchers proposed many helpful correlations based on the air-fuel Weighted-Sum-of-Grey-Gases-Model (WSGGM), the absorption coefficients were commonly constant or correlations were discrete by the classical molar ratio of H2O to CO2 (MR), which were mismatching the continuou
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Stewart, William R., and Thomas E. Dyson. "Conjugate Heat Transfer Scaling for Inconel 718." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64873.

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Over the last decade, conjugate heat transfer testing has been shown to be important because it replicates the sum of the hot gas path heat transfer coefficient, film cooling, film cooling heat transfer augmentation, bore cooling, conduction through the wall, internal cooling heat transfer coefficients, and the relative amounts of heat pick up in the cooling flow. Instead of measuring these boundary conditions in individual experiments, conjugate heat transfer testing measures the cumulative effect as well as each boundary condition’s effect on the others. Typically, matched Biot number heat t
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Huzhang, Guangda, Xin Huang, Shengyu Zhang, and Xiaohui Bei. "Online Roommate Allocation Problem." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/34.

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We study the online allocation problem under a roommate market model introduced in [Chan et al., 2016]. Consider a fixed supply of n rooms and a list of 2n applicants arriving sequentially in an online fashion. The problem is to assign a room to each person upon her arrival, such that after the algorithm terminates, each room is shared by exactly two people. We focus on two objectives: (1) maximizing the social welfare, which is defined as the sum of valuations that applicants have for their rooms, plus the happiness value between each pair of roommates; (2) the allocation should satisfy certa
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Goldin, Graham, and Yongzhe Zhang. "A Generalized FGM Progress Variable Weight Optimization Using HEEDS." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64446.

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The Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model requires a reaction progress variable which is usually defined as a weighted sum of species mass fractions. This progress variable should increase monotonically as flamelet states progress from unburnt to chemical equilibrium. A favorable attribute of the progress variable is that the flamelet species should change gradually with the progress variable, which reduces sensitivity of these species to any predicted errors in the progress variable. Previous publications have presented optimization algorithms for specific flamelet operating conditions, inc
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Zheng, Qian, and Fen Wu. "State Feedback and Output Feedback Control of Polynomial Nonlinear Systems Using Fractional Lyapunov Functions." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42147.

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In this paper, we will study the state feedback control problem of polynomial nonlinear systems using fractional Lyapunov functions. By adding constraints to bound the variation rate of each state, the general difficulty of calculating derivative of nonquadratic Lyapunov function is effectively overcome. As a result, the state feedback conditions are simplified as a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) with polynomial entries. Computationally tractable solution is obtained by Sum-of-Squares (SOS) decomposition. And it turns out that both of the Lyapunov matrix and the state feedback gain a
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Brandt, Robert O. "The Need for Accurate Primary and Secondary Air Measurement and Control in a Pulverized Coal Fired Utility." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22024.

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Air-fuel balance is the key to clean combustion. Coal-fired public utilities are under constant pressure to meet environmental air quality standards in reducing NOx emissions. Reduction of NOx is critically dependent, on controlled combustion conditions. Accurate measurement and control of the Primary and Secondary Air is an important factor in attaining this goal. Once the Primary Air can be measured accurately, the next variable to consider in the chain is the Secondary air. The actual “Burner Zone Stoichiometry” is the sum of the two air flows to any one burner plus the fuel flow. As shown
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Nnanna, A. G. Agwa, and A. Haji-Sheikh. "Sensitivity Coefficients for Analyzing Interstitial Properties During Phase Change in Porous Media." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59369.

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The sensitivity coefficients for analyzing the interstitial properties during phase change in porous media are presented. Computation of the sensitivity coefficients is the main objective of this study. Experimentally measured temperature data provide an estimate of the phase front locations used as the state variable for this study. The derivations are based on the assumption that the phase front, X, at a given time, t, is a function of interstitial properties τt and τq with all other parameters remaining constant. The properties τt and τq are the lag-time in temperature and heat flux, respec
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Distner, Martin, and Tomas Johannesson. "Measurements of Forces Between a Synchronous Belt and a Pulley." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14414.

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Abstract In modern belt profiles, power is transmitted by both normal forces and friction forces. To control the load distribution between a belt and a pulley, avoiding power circulation and local tooth load peaks, it is necessary to take into account both types of forces. An analytical model for the load distribution has previously been presented by the authors. This work also introduces the effective pitch difference, EPD, which is the actual pitch difference between a pulley and a loaded belt. To examine these matters and verify the model, a series of 270 experiments was carried out in a tw
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