Relevant bibliographies by topics / Constant voltage mode

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Constant voltage mode'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Constant voltage mode"

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Choi, Jongmoon, Jungwon Kim, and Seungkwan Hong. "Staged voltage mode in membrane capacitive deionization: Comparison with constant voltage and constant current modes." Desalination 479 (April 2020): 114327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114327.

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Jiao, Junsheng. "Sliding Mode Control for Stabilizing of Boost Converter in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2013-0060.

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Abstract The output voltage of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is usually changed with the temperature and hydrogen flow rate. Since the fuel cell can generate a wide range of voltages and currents at the terminals, as a consequence, a constant DC voltage and function cannot be maintained by itself as a DC voltage power supply source. To solve this problem, a simple SOFC electrochemical model is introduced to control the output voltage. The Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is used to control the output voltage of the DC-DC converter for maintaining the constant DC voltage when the temperature and hydrogen flow rate are changed. By the simulation results it can be seen that the SMC technique has improved the transient response and reduced the steady state error of DC voltage.
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Heidinger, Michael, Qihao Xia, Christoph Simon, Fabian Denk, Santiago Eizaguirre, Rainer Kling, and Wolfgang Heering. "Current Mode Control of a Series LC Converter Supporting Constant Current, Constant Voltage (CCCV)." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2019): 2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142793.

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This paper introduces a control algorithm for soft-switching series LC converters. The conventional voltage-to-voltage controller is split into a master and a slave controller. The master controller implements constant current, constant voltage (CCCV) control, required for demanding applications, for example, lithium battery charging or laboratory power supplies. It defines the set-current for the open-loop current slave controller, which generates the pulse width modulation (PWM) parameters. The power supply achieves fast large-signal responses, e.g., from 5 V to 24 V , where 95% of the target value is reached in less than 400 s . The design is evaluated extensively in simulation and on a prototype. A match between simulation and measurement is achieved.
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Zhang, Jin Long, Deng Hua Li, Jing Min Gao, and Zhi Zhong Wu. "A Study of Super-Capacitors Charge Efficiency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.778.

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In this article, the arithmetic model of super-capacitors in photovoltaic system and more charge modes, especially constant power charge mode, was studied. A numerical way of calculating the charge efficiency was introduced. The maximum charge efficiency of super-capacitors when its output voltage raises from zero to the rated voltage under constant power charge mode was presented. The multi-stage charge efficiency curves was retrieved, which indicates that the constant power charging mode is more suitable. The constant power control charge strategy using two-stage Buck-Boost converter to charge super-capacitors was proposed. The simulation results show that this strategy effectively ensure the performance of the system.
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Amit Kumar De and Shobhana Dey. "Establishment of transition point in operating mode for Constant Current Constant Voltage (CC-CV) charging of Li-ion batteries." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 072–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.3.1.0053.

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The present-day Li-ion batteries when operated, needs precise monitoring of the charging voltage. Several charging techniques have been tested so far with varying degrees of success. One of the most widely used charging techniques is the CC-CV (constant current constant voltage) charging. When performing this, the safety considerations must be maintained with respect to over voltage charging which is a very common problem during constant current charging. In order to prevent over voltage charging, the charging mode must be then shifted from CC to CV mode. So, this transition point of the charging mode from CC to CV is very crucial for the safe operation and health of the battery in the long run. The problem is that, this transition point doesn’t remain the same for the battery. So, in this paper the factors on which it depends are discussed and a Li-ion battery was charged in a few different charging rates using the CC-CV technique to demonstrate the process.
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Choi, June-Heang, Hyungtak Kim, Hyuk-Kee Sung, and Ho-Young Cha. "Investigation of Stability and Power Consumption of an AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Hydrogen Gas Sensor Using Different Bias Conditions." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 5549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245549.

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A Pd-functionalized hydrogen gas sensor was fabricated on an AlGaN/GaN-on-Si heterostructure platform. The AlGaN layer under the Pd catalyst area was partially recessed by plasma etching, which resulted in a low standby current level enhancing the sensor response. Sensor stability and power consumption depending on operation conditions were carefully investigated using two different bias modes: constant voltage bias mode and constant current bias mode. From the stability point of view, high voltage operation is better than low voltage operation for the constant voltage mode of operation, whereas low current operation is preferred over high current operation for the constant current mode of operation. That is, stable operation with lower standby power consumption can be achieved with the constant current bias operation. The fabricated AlGaN/GaN-on-Si hydrogen sensor exhibited excellent sensing characteristics; a response of 120% with a response time of < 0.4 s at a bias current density of 1 mA/mm at 200 °C. The standby power consumption was only 0.54 W/cm2 for a sensing catalyst area of 100 × 24 μm2.
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Monsalve-Rueda, Miguel, John E. Candelo-Becerra, and Fredy E. Hoyos. "Dynamic Behavior of a Sliding-Mode Control Based on a Washout Filter with Constant Impedance and Nonlinear Constant Power Loads." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214548.

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Power converters (PCs) with their control techniques help regulate voltages of nodes in microgrids with different types of loads such as resistive, inductive, nonlinear, constant power, or critical loads. However, constant power loads (CPLs) affect the stability of the voltage in the output of PCs and are usually difficult to regulate with traditional control techniques. The sliding-mode control (SMC) with the washout filter technique has been recently proposed to address this issue, but studies that consider the phenomenon and parameters present in real systems are required. Therefore, this paper focuses on evaluating the dynamic behavior of an SMC based on a washout filter using three different loads: A constant impedance load (CIL), a nonlinear CPL, and a combination of CIL and CPL. The CIL considered a resistance connected to the circuit, whereas the nonlinear CPL was designed by using a buck converter with zero average dynamics and fixed-point induction control techniques (ZAD-FPIC). The tests consisted of creating some variations in the reference signals to identify the output voltage and the error that the control brings according to the different loads. Besides, this study focuses on representing the dynamic behavior of signals when loads change, considering quantization effects, system discretization, delay effects, and parasitic resistors. Additionally, bifurcation diagrams are created by changing the control parameter k and plotting the regulated voltage and the error produced in the output signals. To illustrate the advantages of the SMC with the washout filter technique, a comparison was made with other techniques such as the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and conventional SMC by varying the load. The results showed that SMC with the washout filter technique was superior to the PID and the conventional SMC because it stabilizes the signal faster and has a low steady-state error. Additionally, the control system regulates well the output voltage with the three types of load and the system remains stable when changing the parameter k for values greater than 1, with a low error in the steady-state operation.
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Bityukov, V. K., N. G. Mikhnevich, and V. A. Petrov. "Negative Output Voltage Ripples of Bipolar DC–DC Converter LM27762 near Maximum Input Voltage." Russian Technological Journal 7, no. 4 (August 11, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-4-31-43.

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The paper presents the results of studies of the operation of the inverting DC–DC converter with charge pump and LDO, which are part of the combined bipolar secondary power supply LM27762, at the near to maximum input voltage of 5.5 V and an output voltage of –4.9 V. The ripple voltages were measured at various load currents from 10 to 250 mA at the positive pole of the flying capacitor, at the output of the charge pump system and at the output of the microcircuit. It was shown for the first time on the basis of the obtained information that at low load currents up to about 107 mA the charge pump system operates in the burst mode, and at currents greater than 109 mA – in the charge pump mode with a constant frequency. The results do not confirm the information in the documentation on the microcircuit that, at themaximum input voltage of 5.5 V, the charge pump can enter the PWM mode in hot conditions. When working in burst mode, the presence of LDO in the LM27762 chip reduces the ripples of the negative voltage at the output. However, they significantly exceed the values given in the documentation on the chip. During switching to the constant–frequency mode, the level of negative voltage ripples at the output of the microcircuit decreases sharply, but it increases with further increase of the load current and exceeds the values given in the documentation.
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Yang, Jia Zhi, Sheng Li Yi, Fei Yang, Cun Bo Jiang, Xi Le Wang, and Fan Yang. "Fly-Back Mode Constant Current LED Driver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.1093.

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LED driver plays an important role in unleashing many advantages of LED, such as high efficiency, long life-time. A constant current fly-back LED driver based on TOP222 is designed in this paper, and the transformer of the constant current power supply and the constant current feedback circuit are deeply researched. The experiment shows that, the output current of the LED driver is 1A, the output power is 10W, the power supply works in constant voltage mode within the low load situation. The result shows that the driver featured with good stability, constant-current characteristic, and high efficiency, is capable for driving LED.
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Zhong, Shun, and Ziqian Shen. "A Hybrid Constant On-Time Mode for Buck Circuits." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080930.

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To achieve a designed and fixed operating frequency for a controller with high dynamic performance and a high load capacity, a hybrid constant on-time (COT) voltage mode for a Buck circuit is proposed and discussed in this paper. The proposed hybrid strategy is a combination of the classical COT method, a dynamic reference voltage technology and a proportional–differential (PD) module. The workflow is demonstrated in brief, simulations of a Buck circuit with the proposed hybrid COT mode are conducted and comparisons with developed pulse-width modulation (PWM) technology and the hysteresis mode are made. The results show that, with the help of the proposed control scheme, impressive performance from the Buck circuit can be expected. The operating frequency can be fixed well by the hybrid technology without losses of performance and robustness in steady state and will not jump much even with the sudden change of the inputs and the load. The proposed control strategy contributes to the foundation of circuit design and optimization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constant voltage mode"

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Bari, Syed Mustafa Khelat. "A Novel Inverse Charge Constant On-Time Control for High Performance Voltage Regulators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82510.

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One of the fundamental characteristics of the microprocessor application is its property of dynamic load change. Although idle most of the time, it wakes up in nanoseconds to support sudden workload demands, which are becoming increasingly severe in today's multi-core processors with large core count. From the standpoint of its voltage regulator (VR) design, it must have very good efficiency at light loads, while also supporting a very fast transient response. Thus, the variable-frequency constant on-time current-mode (COTCM) control scheme is widely used in the VRs, as it can automatically reduce its switching frequency during light-load conditions. But, from transient point of view, it has some limitations in response to heavy-load demands by microprocessors; this is resolved by adding different nonlinear controls in state-of-the-art control schemes. These nonlinear controls are difficult to optimize for the widely variable transient conditions in processors. Another major issue for this ripple-based COTCM control is that when the combined inductor-current ripple in multiphase operation becomes zero because of the ripple-cancellation effect, COTCM loses its controllability. Therefore, the goal of this research is to discover a new adaptive COT control scheme that is concurrently very efficient at light-load conditions and also provides a fast and optimized transient response without adding any nonlinear control; hence providing a complete solution for today's high-performance microprocessors. Firstly, the overview of state-of-the-art COTCM control is discussed in detail, and its limitations are analyzed. Analysis shows that one issue plaguing the COTCM control is its slow transient response in both single and multiphase operation. In this context, two methods have been proposed to improve the transient performance of conventional COTCM control in single and multiphase operations. These two methods can effectively reduce the output capacitor count in system, but the ripple-cancellation and phase overlapping issues in multiphase operation are yet to be improved. This provides motivation to search for a new COT control technique that can resolve all these problems together. Therefore, a new concept of inverse charge constant on-time (IQCOT) control is proposed to replace the conventional ripple-based COTCM; the goals are to improve noise immunity at the ripple-cancellation point without adding any external ramp into the system, and to improve the load step-up transient performance in multiphase operation by achieving natural and linear pulse overlapping without adding any nonlinear control. Additionally, the transient performance of the proposed IQCOT has been further improved by naturally increasing or decreasing the TON time during the load step-up or step-down transient period without adding any nonlinear control. As this transient property is inherent in proposed IQCOT control, it is adaptive to the widely variable transient requirements of processors, and always produces an optimized transient response. In order to design the proposed control with high bandwidth for supporting fast transient response, an accurate high-frequency small-signal model needs to be derived. Therefore, a high-frequency model for the proposed IQCOT control is derived using the describing function method. The model is also verified by simulation and hardware results in different operating conditions. From the derived model it is found that the quality factor (Q) of one double-pole set varies with changes in duty cycle. To overcome this challenge, an auto-tuning method for Q-value control is also proposed in this dissertation.
Ph. D.
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Štibraný, Miroslav. "Řízený laboratorní zdroj." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240809.

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Master’s thesis deals with design of laboratory supply with precise voltage and current measuring. At the beginning it presents properties, advantages and disadvantages of linear and switching supplies, based on these facts it chooses a linear type of regulator. The design continues with detailed description of power and control analog and digital circuits. The thesis includes description of taking control over the supply from the front panel or through computer. The last part is devoted to measurement results and to presentation of some static and dynamic parameters of the designed supply.
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Chen, Chih-Wei, and 陳治瑋. "Tolerance Analysis of a Constant On-Time Current-Mode Voltage Regulator with Adaptive Voltage Position Feature." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74643432336932285001.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
101
In the past, the DC-DC converters used for computer power applications usually employ a constant-frequency variable-duty-cycle controller. This type of control, however, often causes low conversion efficiency under light-load conditions. In recent years, light-load efficiency has become a major design consideration for the reason that most of the electronic devices, whether for desk-top or hand-held applications, are most of the time operated under light-load conditions. Therefore, a new controller type, the constant-on-time controller, has been proposed and adopted in many applications recently. DC converters employing such a control scheme features relatively high light-load efficiency, compared to a conventional constant frequency converter, while maintaining good heavy-load efficiency. In this thesis, a tolerance analysis of a converter using a constant-on-time controller will be performed. More specifically, a multi-phased buck converter with adaptive-voltage positioning (AVP) feature employing a constant on-time controller will be analyzed. Two performance features of the converter will be the focus. One is the converter output load line with AVP feature, and the other is the feedback stability performance. The three traditional tolerance analysis methods are used. There are the extreme value analysis, the root-mean-square analysis, and the Monte-Carlo analysis. Sensitivity analysis is also performed that provides an insight into the sensitivity of the converter performances to component value tolerance. The results of these analyses provide useful design information in a high-volume production situation.
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Lin, Guan-Yu, and 林冠宇. "The DCM Stability Issue of Voltage Regulators Using a Current-Mode Constant On-Time Controller." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69815715937133697001.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
101
In recent years, constant on-time (COT) controllers for voltage regulators (VR) have received much attention because of their characteristics of high conversion efficiency under light-load conditions. Among the varieties of COT controllers, the current-mode version in combination with a DC output voltage offset correction (OC) circuit is considered in this thesis. In the past, discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) operation has been considered trivial and there was no stability problem under such a condition. However, it was observed, in practice, instability can occur under such a condition. Therefore, it is critically important to have a rigorous stability analysis because the converter is usually in DCM operation under light-load condition. Describing function (DF) approach was usually used to obtain the stability behavior of the converter in which the duty cycle modulator is ripple-based, but it is infeasible under DCM operation. In this thesis, a different approach, a time domain analysis, is used to establish the stability criterion. The criterion is verified and proven to be useful for minimizing the controller chip area of the RC filter in the OC circuit.
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Chen, Yung-Jen, and 陳永任. "Modeling of a Constant On-Time Current-Mode Control Scheme with Offset-Correction and Adaptive Voltage Positioning Functions for Voltage Regulators." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68013320994299716908.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
100
Voltage regulators have been widely used in many computer applications for powering the central processing units (CPU). Converter efficiency has always been a design priority but most emphasis had been placed on the efficiency under the heavy-load conditions until recent years. Considering the fact that most of the DC converters are operating under light-load or standby conditions most of the time, the total energy loss is significant especially considering the number of computers used today. To meet the challenges described above, constant on-time (COT) control scheme has received much attention by industry recently. COT control scheme features improved light-load efficiency while preserving heavy-load efficiency. There are various of constant on-time control schemes. The focus of the present thesis is on the current-mode COT scheme (COTCM) applied to a buck converter with adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) feature. Current mode control is considered because it features inherent channel current balancing. AVP is considered because that’s the feature imposed by computer chip maker INTEL Corp. for the purpose of energy saving. In this thesis, the focus of investigation is on the circuit feedback stability and the converter output impedance which is an important consideration to achieve AVP function. A small-signal model is developed based on describing-function approach which is complicated but necessary to uncover the inherent nature of this control scheme. Experimental results will be shown. A comparison with other COT control schemes will also be given.
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Yen, Ming-Chuan, and 顏銘川. "Analysis of AC Loading Effects on the Output Voltage Ripple of a Current-Mode Constant On-Time Buck Regulator." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25215590509781538563.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
102
In recent years, there have been two technical trends for the DC converters for powering computer central process units (CPUs). One of the trends is to push up conversion efficiency not only for the heavy-load condition but also for the light- load condition. The other trend is to interleave multi-channel converter to achieve high load current at low voltage output. For the reasons, current-mode (C.M) constant on-time (COT) control scheme has been widely adopted by industry in recent year. For CPU power converter applications, the average output voltage is usually required to provide adaptive voltage position (AVP) feature. The ripple voltage magnitude must also be keep within tight range, usually in the range of 30 mV, when the CPU load current is changing with time. To emulate the CPU current, a large square-wave load current ranging from several kilohertz to megahertz is usually imposed on the DC converter and tests the output voltage ripple voltage. The focus of the thesis is to investigate the AC loading effects on output ripple voltage. In this thesis, a qualitative analysis of the issue is first given using duty-cycle VI modulation spectrum theory. This analysis provides insight into the complexity of the issue. Then a quantitative analysis based on a time-domain approach is used to derive converter output voltage ripple in terms of the converter load current excitation. A solution is established for estimating the worst-case output ripple voltage due to repetitive large-step AC load current excitation of wide-range frequencies. The results are verified experimentally. A parametric sensitivity analysis for a practical converter is also provided to give an idea about the sensitivity of each parameter variation on the overall ripple magnitude. The analytical results obtained, although complicated, are useful to the designers.
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Chen, Yung-Lin, and 陳泳麟. "A Full-Bridge Phase-Shifted Series-Resonant Converter with Constant-Voltage and Constant-Current Output Modes." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29663240131505167978.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
102
This thesis focuses on design and control of a phase-shifted full-bridge series-resonant converter (PS-FB SRC) with dual constant current/constant voltage output modes. Based on the FB SRC, the features of the PS FB converter are combined to solve two problems. The output voltage of an SRC is loosely-regulated at light-load conditions since the switching frequency cannot be increased beyond the designated highest frequency. Moreover, the resonant inductor temperature is high because of the high switching frequency at constant current output control mode. The operating principles and equivalent circuits under various modes of the presented converter are analyzed in detail. A new integrated control strategy is proposed by combining the pulse phase modulation (PPM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM). Finally, a 750 W (12 V/62.5 A) PS-FB SRC with constant-current and constant-voltage control modes is implemented to verify the feasibilities of the theoretical analysis and the control functions.
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Books on the topic "Constant voltage mode"

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Montgomery, Erwin B. Helpful Programming Hints. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0015.

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A number of suggestions are offered to make the post-operative care of patients with implanted systems more effective and safe. The choice of constant current versus constant voltage stimulation and the consequences and implications of that choice are reviewed. For example, with constant voltage stimulation, the programmer should wait at least two weeks after lead implantation before programming the IPG. Starting DBS too soon after implantation can cause marked adverse effects because of changes in tissue impedance is high immediately after implantation. The use of a monopolar survery at the initiation of DBS is advocated as are clarification of patient responses, impedance checks, assureing that the range of electrode configurations and stimulation parameters that patients and caregivers can implement are within safety margins, systematic clear and adaquete documentation, resetting counters and indicators, and encouraging the patient keeps the patient controller available at all times. Topics of troubleshooting are reviewed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Constant voltage mode"

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Paul, Arun Kumar, Manas Kumar Bera, Mangesh Waman, and Bijnan Bandyopadhyay. "Industry-Grade Robust Controller Design for Constant Voltage Arc Welding Process." In Emerging Trends in Sliding Mode Control, 393–417. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8613-2_16.

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Krishnan, Kannan M. "Scanning Probe Microscopy." In Principles of Materials Characterization and Metrology, 745–802. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830252.003.0011.

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Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) scans a fine tip close to a surface and measures the tunneling current (STM) or force (SFM), based on many possible tip-surface interactions. STM provides atomic resolution imaging, or the local electronic structure (spectroscopy) as a function of bias voltage, and is also used to manipulate adsorbed atoms on a clean surface. STM operates in two modes— constant current or height—and requires a conducting specimen. SFM uses a cantilever (force sensor) to measure short range (< 1 nm) chemical, and a variety of long-range (< 100 nm) forces, depending on the tip and the specimen; a conducting specimen is not required. In static mode, the tip height is controlled to maintain a constant force, and measure surface topography. In dynamic mode, changes in the vibrational properties of the cantilever are measured using frequency, amplitude, or phase modulation as feedback to control the tip-surface distance and form the image. Dynamic imaging includes contact and non-contact modes, but intermittent contact or tapping mode is common. SPMs measure properties (optical, acoustic, conductance, electrochemical, capacitance, thermal, magnetic, etc.) using appropriate tips, and find applications in the physical and life sciences. They are also used for nanoscale lithography.
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Amara, Yasmine, Zoulikha Tebri, and Zina Larabi. "Design, Control, Management, and Performance Analysis of PV-Battery Supercapacitor DC-System Using Buck Converter." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 36–64. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7447-8.ch002.

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The intermittent nature of photovoltaic energy necessitates the incorporation of storage devices to ensure the continuality of loads feeding. In addition, it is important to model, control, and verify the operating of the designed system before implementation. Furthermore, the integration of power electronic interfaces plays a significant role in protecting the system and benefiting from solar energy. To this end, a buck converter is chosen to charge the battery and supply the supercapacitor. The control strategy is based on the maximum power point tracking techniques when the management algorithm recommends MPPT function mode. Otherwise, a feedback constant voltage PI controller is designed. Indeed, perturb and observe and incremental conductance are implemented and compared to analyze the system efficiency within the management strategy to charge the battery, switch between the controllers, and feed a supercapacitor in case of full battery charge. The obtained results using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform confirm the behaviour of the proposed strategy.
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Bahgaat, Naglaa K., and Mohamed Ahmed Moustafa Hassan. "Automatic Voltage Regulator System Tuning Using Swarm Intelligence Techniques." In Advances in System Dynamics and Control, 232–52. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4077-9.ch008.

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The voltage regulator may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages in power systems. Voltage regulator may be designed as a simple “feed-forward” or may include “negative feedback” control loops. It may use an electronic components or electromechanical mechanism on the design. AVR is keeping constant output voltage of the generator in a specified range. The PID controller can used to provide the control requirements. This chapter discusses some modern techniques to get the best possible tuning controller parameters for automatic voltage regulator techniques such as particle swarm optimization, adaptive weight particle swarm optimization, adaptive acceleration coefficients, adaptive acceleration coefficients. Also, it presents a new adjustment modified adaptive acceleration coefficients and a discussion of the results of the all methods used. Simulation for comparison between the proposed methods and the obtained results are promising.
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"NanoDielectric Theories." In Design and Investment of High Voltage NanoDielectrics, 95–141. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3829-6.ch004.

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This chapter sheds light on the recent nanotechnology theoretical models for interphase power law IPL model, inhomogeneous interphase, and multi-nanoparticles technique. Moreover, this chapter reviews deliberate hypothetical researches of the effective dielectric constant for polymer/filler nanocomposites and its reliance on “filler concentration, the interphase interactions, polymer filler dielectric constant, and interphase dielectric constant.” This chapter also investigates the prediction of the dielectric constant of new nanocomposite materials dependent upon exponential power law model. Thus, this work moves from the dielectric properties of beginning polymer matrix forward and predicts the dielectric properties of new nanocomposite materials to be utilized for high voltage and directing materials by adding specified nanoparticles with polymer matrix.
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Koch, Christof. "Input Resistance, Time Constants, and Spike Initiation." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0023.

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This chapter represents somewhat of a tephnical interlude. Having introduced the reader to both simplified and more complex compartmental single neuron models, we need to revisit terrain with which we are already somewhat familiar. In the following pages we reevaluate two important concepts we defined in the first few chapters: the somatic input resistance and the neuronal time constant. For passive systems, both are simple enough variables: Rin is the change in somatic membrane potential in response to a small sustained current injection divided by the amplitude of the current injection, while τm is the slowest time constant associated with the exponential charging or discharging of the neuronal membrane in response to a current pulse or step. However, because neurons express nonstationary and nonlinear membrane conductances, the measurement and interpretation of these two variables in active structures is not as straightforward as before. Having obtained a more sophisticated understanding of these issues, we will turn toward the question of the existence of a current, voltage, or charge threshold at which a biophysical faithful model of a cell triggers action potentials. We conclude with recent work that suggests how concepts from the subthreshold domain, like the input resistance or the average membrane potential, could be extended to the case in which the cell is discharging a stream of action potentials. This chapter is mainly for the cognoscendi or for those of us that need to make sense of experimental data by comparing therp to theoretical models that usually fail to reflect reality adequately. In Sec. 3.4, we defined Kii (f) for passive cable structures as the voltage change at location i in response to a sinusoidal current injection of frequency f at the same location. Its dc component is also referred to as input resistance or Rin. Three difficulties render this definition of input resistance problematic in real cells: (1) most membranes, in particular at the soma, show voltage-dependent nonlinearities, (2) the associated ionic membrane conductances are time dependent and (3) instrumental aspects, such as the effect of the impedance of the recording electrode on Rin, add uncertainty to the measuring process.
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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. "Electronics and Biological Signal Processing." In The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0009.

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This chapter continues the discussion of electricity but looks at the effect of connecting components together and briefly looks at the operational amplifier and active circuits (circuits discussed in the previous chapter have been passive ones, which involve no electronic circuits). It will then describe how the circuits can be used to process biological signals. If a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor are joined as in Figure 5.1, the magnitude of the voltage across the resistor (Vout) will vary as the input frequency, Vin, changes, because of the properties of the capacitor and inductor. The resistive action of inductor and capacitor oppose each other, and at a certain resonant frequency (r in the figure), the total AC resistance (impedance) will be at a minimum. The graph of reactance against frequency demonstrates this, and shows the minimum reactance at the resonant frequency. As the LC and R are forming a voltage divider, the voltage across R will be maximum at this frequency. At other input frequencies, the output voltage will be low. This simple circuit forms the basics of the passive band-pass filter, where the filter passes, or lets through, a certain band of frequencies (around the resonant frequency in this circuit). Frequencies lower or higher than the band-pass will be attenuated. Normally operational amplifiers (discussed in the next section) or digital filters are more effective and are used to achieve the same effect. Resonance is important for the understanding of the behaviour of transducers and this is discussed in Chapter 12. If a square wave is applied to the resistor capacitor network as shown in Figure 5.2, the capacitor charges up on the rising edge of the input with a time constant equal to the product of the resistance (Ω) and the capacitance (F), RC, and the output voltage will be Vouput = Vinput (1 − e−t /RC ). When the square wave is in the off state, or zero volts, the voltage will fall exponentially with the same time constant. It can be seen from the diagram that, with the appropriate values of R and C, the output from the network is a filtered version of the input.
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Koch, Christof. "The Hodgkin-Huxley Model of Action Potential Generation." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0012.

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The vast majority of nerve cells generate a series of brief voltage pulses in response to vigorous input. These pulses, also referred to as action potentials or spikes, originate at or close to the cell body, and propagate down the axon at constant velocity and amplitude. Fig. 6.1 shows the shape of the action potential from a number of different neuronal and nonneuronal preparations. Action potentials come in a variety of shapes; common to all is the all-or-none depolarization of the membrane beyond 0. That is, if the voltage fails to exceed a particular threshold value, no spike is initiated and the potential returns to its baseline level. If the voltage threshold is exceeded, the membrane executes a stereotyped voltage trajectory that reflects membrane properties and not the input. As evident in Fig. 6.1, the shape of the action potential can vary enormously from cell type to cell type. When inserting an electrode into a brain, the small all-or-none electrical events one observes extracellularly are usually due to spikes that are initiated close to the cell body and that propagate along the axons. When measuring the electrical potential across the membrane, these spikes peak between +10 and +30 mV and are over (depending on the temperature) within 1 or 2 msec. Other all-or-none events, such as the complex spikes in cerebellar Purkinje cells or bursting pyramidal cells in cortex, show a more complex wave form with one or more fast spikes superimposed onto an underlying, much slower depolarization. Finally, under certain conditions, the dendritic membrane can also generate all-or-none events that are much slower than somatic spikes, usually on the order to 50-100 msec or longer. We will treat these events and their possible significance in Chap. 19. Only a small fraction of all neurons is unable—under physiological conditions—to generate action potentials, making exclusive use of graded signals. Examples of such nonspiking cells, usually spatially compact, can be found in the distal retina (e.g., bipolar, horizontal, and certain types of amacrine cells) and many neurons in the sensory-motor pathway of invertebrates (Roberts and Bush, 1981).
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Yanamandra, Aditya, Soumya Eachempati, Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, and Mary Jane Irwin. "Reliability Aware Performance and Power Optimization in DVFS-Based On-Chip Networks." In Dynamic Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip Design, 277–92. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-807-4.ch011.

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Recently, chip multi-processors (CMP) have emerged to fully utilize the increased transistor count within stringent power budgets. Transistor scaling has lead to more error-prone and defective components. Static and run-time induced variations in the circuit lead to reduced yield and reliability. Providing reliability at low overheads specifically in terms of power is a challenging task that requires innovative solutions for building future integrated chips. Static variations have been studied previously. In this proposal, we study the impact of run-time variations on reliability. On-chip interconnection network that forms the communication fabric in the CMP has a crucial role in determining the performance, power consumption and reliability of the system. We manage protecting the data in a network on chip from transient errors induced by voltage fluctuations. Variations in operating conditions result in a significant variation in the reliability of the system, motivating the need to provide tunable levels of data protection. For example, the use of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique used in most CMPs today results in voltage variation across the chip, giving rise to variable error rates across the chip. We investigated the design of a dynamically reconfigurable error protection scheme in a NoC to achieve a desired level of reliability. We protect data at the desired reliability while minimizing the power and performance overhead incurred. We obtain a maximum of 55% savings in the power expended for error protection in the network with our proposed reconfigurable ECC while maintaining constant reliability. Further, 35% reduction in the average message latency in the network is observed, making a case for providing tunability in error protection in the on-chip network fabric.
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Selvaganesan, N. "Fuzzy Based Modeling, Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator." In Handbook of Research on Computational Intelligence for Engineering, Science, and Business, 487–520. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2518-1.ch019.

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This chapter presents the design methodology of fuzzy based modeling, control, and fault diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) system. The fuzzy based modeling scheme for PMSG is developed using the general Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Subsequently, fuzzy controller is designed and simulated to maintain three phase output voltage as constant by controlling the speed of generator. The feasibility of the fuzzy model and control scheme is demonstrated using various operating conditions by MATLAB simulation. Also, fuzzy based fault detection scheme for PMSG is developed and presented. The positive and negative sequence currents are used as fault indicators and given as inputs to fuzzy fault detector. The fuzzy inference system is created, and rule base is evaluated, relating the sequence current component to the type of faults. The feasibility of this scheme is demonstrated for different types of fault under various operating conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
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Conference papers on the topic "Constant voltage mode"

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Guo, Zhijun. "A Constant current constant Voltage output mode of LED Drive." In 2016 International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccte-16.2016.179.

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Janardhan, G., G. N. Srinivas, and N. N. V. Surendra Babu. "Realization of Constant Common Mode Voltage in Transformerless Photo Voltaic Inverter Topologies." In 2018 International Conference on Circuits and Systems in Digital Enterprise Technology (ICCSDET). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsdet.2018.8821224.

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Roja, K., K. Malathi Santhoshini, Sarada Musala, and Avireni Srinivasulu. "Voltage Difference Transconductance Amplifier based Voltage Mode Band Pass Filter with constant Q-Factor." In 2018 10th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai.2018.8678979.

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Rodriguez, Pedro, Gerardo Vazquez, Remus Teodorescu, Raul S. Munoz-Aguilar, and Ignacio Candela. "Constant common mode voltage modulation strategy for the FB10 power converter." In 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2011.6064028.

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Hopkins, Mark, and Lyon King. "Active Stabilization of a Magnesium Hall Thruster in Constant Voltage Mode." In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5890.

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Khan, Md N. H., Yam P. Siwakoti, L. Li, and F. T. K. Suan. "Constant Common-Mode Voltage Transformerless Inverter for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Application." In 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2019.8912808.

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Liu, Wenjie, Yongheng Yang, and Tamas Kerekes. "Modified Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with Model Predictive Control for Constant Common-Mode Voltage." In 2019 10th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2019 - ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icpe2019-ecceasia42246.2019.8797055.

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Osinowo, O. E., and A. G. Raji. "Switch mode-based constant voltage battery charger for new generation motor vehicles." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Emerging & Sustainable Technologies for Power & ICT in a Developing Society (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigercon.2013.6715636.

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Hou, Chung-Chuan. "A discontinuous PWM for three level converters with constant common-mode voltage." In 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifeec.2013.6687537.

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Chen, Xing, Yiming Chen, Guohua Zhou, and Ping Yang. "Voltage-mode controlled switching converter with dual-edge constant off-time modulation." In 2014 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peac.2014.7037859.

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