Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constantive'

Under the Constantinian dynasty, the Roman senatorial aristocracy was subject to two major social and political transformations. Firstly, emperors gradually modified the rules for senatorial office-holding, moving away from a hereditary model towards a more flexible system in which rank could be gained through merit (service to the emperor). The number of senatorial posts in the administration was increased, which resulted in the expansion of the senatorial order from outside the hereditary aristocracy. Secondly, Constantine founded Constantinople, where a second senate emerged, prompting the formation of a new eastern senatorial order. Roman senatorial nobles were among the most powerful individuals of the empire. The expansion of their order, the transformation of senatorial office-holding and the foundation of Constantinople did not lead to the reduction of their influence in government. Constantine actively encouraged the involvement of Roman grandees in government as a means of supporting imperial rule, especially in the East. Constantine's son, Constantius II, emperor of the East, continued these policies until 350, when the military and dynastic context forcefully disrupted his relationship with the Roman senate. In this situation, Constantius moved to found a second senate in Constantinople to legitimise his position in the East. Modelled on Rome, the new senate quickly assembled the top echelons of the traditional eastern elite. However, the emergence of this order did not impinge on the authority of the Roman senate, restored to its traditional authority by Constantine. Constantius made it clear that the support of the Roman nobility remained a vital source of political stability and (above all) a necessary means of risk-reduction in the continuing context of the fragility of imperial power.

This study seeks to address three main questions: How do Panegyric VI, Lactantius, and Eusebius characterise and utilise their respective visions in their narratives? In what ways are they similar and/or different? Are some or all of the accounts related and, if so, how do they contribute to the Christian Vision legend? In Chapter One the vision narrative in Panegyric VI is deconstructed to show that the panegyrist describes the vision as taking place on Constantine’s return march from Massalia and that he is describing a dream-vision that took place at the sanctuary of Apollo at Grand. In Chapter Two it is argued that: Lactantius never resided in Gaul; he places the vision incorrectly in 312 because he did not know the details of the tradition and used Licinius’ dream as a template; and the Christian character of the vision is part of his interpretation. In Chapter Three Eusebius’ account is deconstructed to show that: the vision story derives from Constantine ca. 336; there is evidence that Constantine was reconstructing his past experiences; Eusebius inserted parallels with St. Paul to give the appearance of a conversion narrative; and Constantine’s actual story shows little influence of Christian socialisation. In each chapter the core elements of the narratives are highlighted: each describes a dream-vision, in which a deity appears to Constantine with a promise of victory and a token representation of that promise. In Chapter Four it is argued that Lactantius and Eusebius are describing the same symbol, which is a tau-cross with a loop; and that the panegyrist and Eusebius describe the same vision: they give the same chronology, but the panegyrist avoids referencing a solar halo because it was an inopportune omen of civil war. In conclusion, all three sources describe the same experience from different perspectives: the vision of Apollo was being constantly adapted to incorporate new historical developments. Appended also is an argument for redating Panegyric VI to August 309 on the basis of the narratives of the panegyrist and Lactantius, as well as archaeological investigations at Cologne (Constantine’s bridge over the Rhine) and Deutz (Castellum Divitia).

This thesis offers a new understanding of the reign of the Emperor Julian, using as a heuristic tool the Christian theological concept of recapitulation (anacephalaiosis/recapitulatio). Recapitulation encompasses similitudo, iteratio, and restitutio: in Christian thought, Adam is the similitudo of Christ, Christ reiterates Adam’s wrong acts for the purpose of setting them right, overwriting the narrative of his failure, and Christ’s work has the goal of restoration of humanity to God’s friendship. The thesis shows that Julian's imperial programme is illuminated when viewed in similar terms, with the substitution of his uncle Constantine for Adam. The Emperor Constantine had overwritten the narratives of his own political and religious opponents, while Eusebius of Caesarea had portrayed Constantine as a mimetic Christ-figure. The thesis uses the evidence of Julian's writings, above all his Oration VII ‘To the Cynic Heracleios’ to argue that Julian himself also adopted this approach and co-opted the Christian language of recapitulation, narrating Constantine’s career as one of religious apostasy which needed to be set right by his own reversal of Constantine's actions and consequent restoration of the empire to friendship with the gods. Julian cast Constantine as the failed representative who apostatised from Helios and himself as the son of Helios and the divinely chosen representative who would act as saviour for the empire. In this oration, Julian also outlined his role as a new Heracles, sent by his father Helios to be the saviour of the world. In the same work, he criticised Constantine's desecration of pagan religious places. Both literary and material evidence indicate Julian responded in kind with building programs designed to support a pagan revival: the thesis demonstrates that his activities in Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Antioch in particular show a systematic programme of reversal and restoration. Julian's letters to his priests indicate his plans to supplant Christianity's ecclesiastical structure, clerical instructions, and charitable activities. Bringing this theological concept to bear on a series of texts more often considered by classicists than theologians offers, it is hoped, a richer understanding of Julian’s response to Constantine and Christianisation.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T11:09:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianadematosponteraimundo.pdf: 717434 bytes, checksum: bdfebe2dac0b3ff8ecaae16b62b5a316 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:17:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianadematosponteraimundo.pdf: 717434 bytes, checksum: bdfebe2dac0b3ff8ecaae16b62b5a316 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianadematosponteraimundo.pdf: 717434 bytes, checksum: bdfebe2dac0b3ff8ecaae16b62b5a316 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28<br>CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>O século IV se apresenta como um momento decisivo para o cristianismo, para a Igreja e para o Império Romano. Nesse contexto, a institucionalização do cristianismo e a consolidação de uma identidade cristã envolvem tensões, mas também afinidades eletivas; são diversos os processos político-administrativos, culturais e religiosos presentes nessa conjuntura. A proposta desse estudo é inter-relacionar esses processos, destacando a política imperial de favorecimento do cristianismo desenvolvida a partir de Constantino e da virada constantiniana, a emergência de um cristianismo institucionalizado: a Igreja e o desenvolvimento da Cristandade: a aproximação entre autoridades eclesiásticas e imperiais. Indicar-se-á ainda que, a consolidação de uma identidade cristã está intimamente relacionada à firmação de uma ortodoxia e aos discursos dos intelectuais cristãos sobre o “ser cristão” e que ambos foram mais intensamente desenvolvidos na aproximação entre poder imperial e Igreja; a existência de uma religiosidade tardo-antiga com características comuns ao cristianismo, o fortalecimento das estruturas eclesiásticas e as redefinições identitárias possibilitaram a hegemonia de uma identidade cristã dentre as diversas correntes cristãs constituídas ao longo dos três séculos anteriores.<br>The 4th century presents itself as a decisive moment for the Christianity, to the Church and to the Roman Empire. In this context, the institutionalization of Christianity and the consolidation of a Christian identity involves tensions, but also elective affinities; are several political and administrative processes, cultural and religious gifts at this juncture. The proposal of this study is to interface these processes, highlighting imperial policy of developed from Constantine favoring Christianity, the emergence of an institutionalized Christianity: the Church and the development of Christendom: the rapprochement between Imperial and ecclesiastical authorities. Will indicate that the consolidation of a Christian identity is closely related to the consolidation of an orthodoxy and to the discourses of Christian intellectuals on the “be Christian” and that both were more intensively developed in the rapprochement of imperial power and the Church; the existence of late ancient religiosity with characteristics common to Christianity, the strengthening of ecclesiastical structures and redefinitions of identity allowed the hegemony of a Christian identity among the various Christian currents formed over the previous three centuries.

Une etude palynologique des sediments cretaces du sud-est constantinois basee sur deux sondages petroliers: manndra 1 (man1) et oued melah 1 (oum1), et trois coupes de terrain a permis d'approfondir nos connaissances concernant les spores, grains de pollen et surtout les kystes de dinoflagelles du cretace d'algerie. Un inventaire detaille des dinokystes, spores et grains de pollen fossilises dans les formations gafsa, zebbag et el aleg (d'age barremien? a santonien) a ete dresse: 50 genres et 83 especes de dinokystes ont ete reconnus ainsi que 30 genres et 30 especes de spores et pollen dans les 283 echantillons analyses. La distribution verticale de l'ensemble des formes observees nous a conduit a definir: 7 intervalles pour le sondage man1 et 5 pour le sondage oum1 a partir des dinokystes, 5 intervalles pour man1 et 6 pour oum1 a partir des spores et pollen. Une correlation entre les deux puits a pu etre etablie. Compte tenu des quelques donnees fournies par les foraminiferes et des extensions de certains dinokystes, spores ou grains de pollen, precisement connues en d'autres lieux, il a ete possible de proposer un age pour chacun de ces differents intervalles et par la meme pour les formations traversees par ces deux sondages voisins. Concernant les coupes de terrain, nos premieres investigations ont permis de paralleliser la distribution de quelques formes interessantes de dinokystes, spores ou pollen avec la zonation fondee sur les foraminiferes planctoniques. Une comparaison avec les microflores du maroc et de la libye a ete effectuee, et une caracterisation des paleomilieux a ete tentee au niveau du sondage man1

L'évolution des conditions d'exercice musical à Constantine au XXe siècle est principalement marquée par le passage de la médina algérienne à la ville européenne. Ce passage consacre autant le changement de statut des musiciens que des musiques désormais régulés au plan économique par le marché et la gestion patrimoniale des musiques par l'état/nation. L'urbanisation du champ musical minorise et marginalise les musiques citadines et sanctionne l'hégémonie des musiques néo-urbaines issues des mutations démographiques de la Constantine d'après l'indépendance

Le logement moderne n'est pas adapte aux exigences spatiales et sociales de la population algerienne. Cette inadaptation se traduit par des comportements appropriatifs disparates. Comment se presentent les modeles d'appropriation de l'espace et a quoi sont dues leurs diversites? a des facteurs culturels, aux conditions socio-economiques des habitants ou a des facteurs psychologiques? les reponses a un questionnaire passe a 368 habitants d'appartements modernes de la ville de constantine, soumises a l'analyse factorielle des correspondances montrent deux types principaux d'appropriation de l'espace. L'un, conservateur des traditions spatiales, se fait sur le modele des espaces centres, polyvalents et fermes sur l'exterieur. Il serait le fait des categories socio-economiques et socioculturelles defavorisees, vivant precedemment dans des habitations de type traditionnel. L'autre, plus moderne, base sur la specialisation des espaces, existe dans les couches socioculturelles aisees provenant d'habitations modernes. Pour determiner le role du type d'habitation precedent dans l'organisation spatiale actuelle, huit sujets de niveaux socioeconomiques opposes ont ete interviewes, et leurs entretiens traites a l'aide de l'analyse propositionnelle du discours. Les resultats montrent que pour les sujets venant de l'habitat traditionnel, le mode d'habiter traditionnel est reproduit, non par investissement affectif de l'espace, mais par desir de maintient de l'organisation sociale prevalant dans leur ancienne habitation. Pour les sujets venant de l'habitat moderne, c'est l'espace lui-meme qui est reellement investi, c'est pourquoi le mode d'appropriation traditionnelle de l'espace est abandonne au profil de la specialisation des espaces qui convient mieux aux besoins et aux aspirations de leur groupe socioculturel<br>Modern flats are not adapted to spatial and social requirements of the algerian population. This inadequation is expressed by different behaviours of appropriation. How appear the appropriation of space patterns' and what are the reasons of their differences? are they cultural factors, social and economic conditions of the occupants, or psychological factors? the responses of 368 occupants of modern flats in constantine, to a questionnaire, have been submited to factorial analysis of correspondences. They make appear two main types of spatial appropriation. The first, conservative of the spatial traditions, represents the pattern of centred, polyvalent and closed spaces. This pattern comes from lower sociocultural and socio-economic groups, living before in traditionnal houses. The second type, more modern and based on the specialization of spaces, exists in the upper classes which come from modern houses. In order to determine the part of the previous type of house in the actual spatial organization, 8 inhabitants of opposite socio-economic levels have been interviewed. The interviews have been analysed by the method of propositionnal analysis of discourse. The results show that inhabitants who come from traditionnal housing reproduce the traditionnal way of living in, not by affective investment of space, but by desire of maintaining the social organization which was prevailing in their old house. The inhabitants coming from modern housing invest really space itself, and that is the reason why the traditionnal way of spatial appropriation is abandoned for the benefit of specialization of spaces which is more adapted to needs and aspirations of their socio-cultural group

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-29T14:11:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Messias Antonio da Silva.pdf: 2977132 bytes, checksum: a15679b5cedd2062e4385683b350d5f3 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T14:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Messias Antonio da Silva.pdf: 2977132 bytes, checksum: a15679b5cedd2062e4385683b350d5f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14<br>The constant π will be presented in this work since its origin, in length and area problems particularly the problem of squaring a circle -, to the most recent researches on algorithms used for the calculus of its decimal expansion. Using the exhaustion method we calculate the length and area of a circle of radius r. We demonstrate the irrationality of π . We also generalize the constant for π convex, simple and closed curves. At last we suggest some educational activities related to the concepts in study.<br>A constante π será apresentada desde a sua origem, nos problemas de medidas de comprimento, área, em particular o problema da quadratura do círculo, até as pesquisas mais recentes sobre os algoritmos usados para o cálculo, de sua expansão decimal. Usando o método da exaustão calculamos o comprimento e a área de um círculo de raio r. Mostramos a irracionalidade de π . Apresentamos uma generalização de π para curvas fechadas, simples e convexas. Finalmente, sugerimos algumas atividades didáticas envolvendo os conceitos estudados.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Neste trabalho apresentamos uma classificaÃÃo das hipersuperficies rotacionais com curvatura escalar constante nas formas espaciais devida a M. Leite<br>In this work we present a classification theorem for the rotational hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in the space forms due to M.Leite

La production de l'habitat en algerie est normalement assuree par le biais de grandes entreprises publiques. La participation du secteur prive, quoique autorisee, reste limitee. En fait, on constate que l'habitat realise par le secteur public est quantitativement insuffisant et qualitativement inadapte aux caracteristiques socioeconomiques des habitants. Quant a l'habitat realise par les particuliers, il se trouve en majorite dans le secteur informel. Dans la premiere partie l'auteur met en evidence l'impact de l'environnement naturel et humain sur la crise de l'habitat et en particulier sur le developpement de l'habitat informel. Puis, il analyse les politiques d'urbanisme et d'habitat poursuivies depuis la periode coloniale et il explique les raisons de leur echec. Dans la deuxieme partie l'auteur definit la contribution actuelle des particuliers en etudiant les caracteristiques de l'habitat realise et des populations qui y logent, a partir d'un echantillon de 6 quartiers et de 200 enquetes directement realisees par lui-meme aupres des familles. En conclusion, l'auteur souligne l'inadequation du cadre bati au contenu humain et la diversite morphologique de l'habitat realise par les particuliers. Cette diversite n'est pas la simple expression des inegalites economiques, elle traduit aussi les origines et les aspirations culturelles des habitants. Une autre politique, s'appuyant explicitement sur les moyens prives, pourrait donc contribuer a resoudre mieux et plus vite la crise de l'habitat en algerie<br>Normally, algerian state takes charge of housing production with its great public companies. Share of private sector remains limited though an authorized. It is an established fact that housing produced by the public sector is nor enough neither adequacy to the actual demographic, social and economical situation of people. Housing produced by the private sector is mainly informal. In its first part, the author displays the natural and human occurences which have influence on housing crisis and especially on increasing informal housing policies which have been managed for the colonial era, giving the main reasons explaining their failures. The second part is founded upon a 6 town wards sampling and upon 200 inquiries made by the author himself in houses and families. So, he may define people's contribution by analysing the characteristics of produced houses and of families who are living in. As a conclusion, the author emphasizes the general built framework inadequacy to its users and the actual diversity of people-produced-housing. That diversity expresses not only economical disparities but also cultural origins and trends. Thus, another policy, better supported by private means, could play a great part to clearing up the algerian housing crisis

Ce mémoire traite du dispositif d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle (DOSP)1 destiné à l’accompagnement des élèves redoublants à l’examen du baccalauréat2 (BAC) de la ville de Constantine en Algérie. De manière encore précise, la présente recherche examine les inégalités que ce dispositif peut générer auprès de cette population vulnérable en raison de son échec au baccalauréat. Cet état de vulnérabilité s’exprime sous plusieurs aspects : la scolarité des parents, la situation socio-économique de la famille ainsi que le faible niveau de la performance scolaire. Ces derniers engendrent des injustices durant la phase de transition du secondaire vers l’université (Picard, Pilote, Turcotte, Goastellec, et Olympio, 2015, p.4). Ainsi, l’approche par les capabilités (AC) d’Amartya Sen3 (1992, 1993) a été retenue dans le cadre de cette présente étude afin d’identifier les facteurs de conversion d’ordre personnel, social et environnemental apte ou inapte à soutenir l’élève redoublant lors de son passage vers l’université pour entreprendre le projet d’étude auquel il aspire le plus. Pour rencontrer notre objectif, la recherche a été subdivisée en trois sous objectifs : • Identifier les ressources offertes par le DOSP algérien aux élèves redoublants au (BAC) pour voir s’il crée ou non des espaces d’options réalistes (opportunités) susceptibles de leur donner la liberté réelle de construire le choix qu’ils valorisent vraiment en matière de choix d’orientation afin de réussir leur transition vers le supérieur. • Discerner la relation des élèves redoublants avec les conseillers en orientation scolaire et professionnelle pour déterminer dans quelle mesure leurs interactions pourraient constituer des facteurs de conversion aidant ou entravant leur passage au cycle d’études supérieur. • Distinguer les facteurs de conversion d’ordre personnel et social favorisant ou balisant la transition au cycle supérieur des redoublants au BAC. Afin d’atteindre les trois objectifs fixés, deux échantillons (Aet B) ont pris part à cette étude de type qualitatif : l’échantillon A est composé de neuf (N=4) conseillères (femmes) en OSP affiliées aux trois centres d’OSP de la ville de Constantine. L’échantillon B est constitué de neuf (N=09) élèves redoublants au BAC, dont (N=4) filles et (N=5) garçons Les résultats démontrent l’existence d’un dispositif d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle fragile notamment à l’égard des redoublants au bac qui n’offre pas aux élèves redoublants au BAC les ressources nécessaires et capabilisantes afin d’augmenter leur chance de réussir leurs transitions vers le supérieur et entreprendre un projet valorisé. Mots clefs : Dispositif d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle, transition, redoublement au baccalauréat, justice sociale, approche par les capabilités (AC) Amartya Sen, facteurs de conversions (individuel, social et environnemental).<br>Ce mémoire traite du dispositif d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle (DOSP)1 destiné à l’accompagnement des élèves redoublants à l’examen du baccalauréat2 (BAC) de la ville de Constantine en Algérie. De manière encore précise, la présente recherche examine les inégalités que ce dispositif peut générer auprès de cette population vulnérable en raison de son échec au baccalauréat. Cet état de vulnérabilité s’exprime sous plusieurs aspects : la scolarité des parents, la situation socio-économique de la famille ainsi que le faible niveau de la performance scolaire. Ces derniers engendrent des injustices durant la phase de transition du secondaire vers l’université (Picard, Pilote, Turcotte, Goastellec, et Olympio, 2015, p.4). Ainsi, l’approche par les capabilités (AC) d’Amartya Sen3 (1992, 1993) a été retenue dans le cadre de cette présente étude afin d’identifier les facteurs de conversion d’ordre personnel, social et environnemental apte ou inapte à soutenir l’élève redoublant lors de son passage vers l’université pour entreprendre le projet d’étude auquel il aspire le plus. Pour rencontrer notre objectif, la recherche a été subdivisée en trois sous objectifs : • Identifier les ressources offertes par le DOSP algérien aux élèves redoublants au (BAC) pour voir s’il crée ou non des espaces d’options réalistes (opportunités) susceptibles de leur donner la liberté réelle de construire le choix qu’ils valorisent vraiment en matière de choix d’orientation afin de réussir leur transition vers le supérieur. • Discerner la relation des élèves redoublants avec les conseillers en orientation scolaire et professionnelle pour déterminer dans quelle mesure leurs interactions pourraient constituer des facteurs de conversion aidant ou entravant leur passage au cycle d’études supérieur. • Distinguer les facteurs de conversion d’ordre personnel et social favorisant ou balisant la transition au cycle supérieur des redoublants au BAC. Afin d’atteindre les trois objectifs fixés, deux échantillons (Aet B) ont pris part à cette étude de type qualitatif : l’échantillon A est composé de neuf (N=4) conseillères (femmes) en OSP affiliées aux trois centres d’OSP de la ville de Constantine. L’échantillon B est constitué de neuf (N=09) élèves redoublants au BAC, dont (N=4) filles et (N=5) garçons Les résultats démontrent l’existence d’un dispositif d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle fragile notamment à l’égard des redoublants au bac qui n’offre pas aux élèves redoublants au BAC les ressources nécessaires et capabilisantes afin d’augmenter leur chance de réussir leurs transitions vers le supérieur et entreprendre un projet valorisé. Mots clefs : Dispositif d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle, transition, redoublement au baccalauréat, justice sociale, approche par les capabilités (AC) Amartya Sen, facteurs de conversions (individuel, social et environnemental).<br>This thesis deals with educational and professional counselling system (EPCS) dedicated to support students who failed the Baccalaureate examination (BAC) of the city of Constantine, Algeria, and the inequalities it can cause for them. This student population is identified as vulnerable because of their labelling "failure at the BAC" and as a population unequally valued in its orientation course at the time of its transition to higher education (Picard et al., 2015, p. 4). Their state of vulnerability is expressed in many ways, including those related to parents' schooling, the socio-economic situation of the family, and lack of academic performance, which then generates inequalities during the transition to university (Picardet al., 2015). The Capability Approach (CA) of Amartya Sen (1992, 1993) was subsequently selected as part of this study. Its goal is to identify conversion factors that may support the student who has to retake the BAC exam during his transition to university and his choice of a study project to which he aspires the most. In other words, it identifies personal, social and environmental factors that may or may not be capacitating during the transition phase from high school to higher education. The first specific objective of the research is to identify the resources offered by the Algerian Educational and Professional Counselling System (AEPCS) to students who fail on the Baccalaureate Exam (BAC) depending on whether or not they create realistic options (opportunities) predisposed to offer them a real freedom to build a valued choice in terms of orientation and discipline choice in order to successfully transition to higher education. The second objective is to discern the relationship between students who fail the exam with Educational and Professional counselors (EPC) support to determine the degree to which their interactions could be contributing factors to helping or obstructing their transition to higher education. Finally, the third objective attempts to distinguish the personal and social conversion factors supporting or patterning the transition to the higher cycle of students who fail at the BAC exam. To achieve these three objectives, two samples took part in this qualitative study: nine (N = 09) students who fail at the BAC, of which (N = 4) girls and (N = 5) boys, and four (N = 4) EPC women advisers affiliated to three EPC centres in the city of Constantine. The structured results suggest gaps in the relevance of the government services offered in terms of academic guidance and counselling for high school students and also simply administrative management of students' orientation files without taking into account their real aspirations and their skills related to their self-management skills. Keywords: Educational and vocational guidance system, transition, BAC level failure, social justice, capabilities approach (CA) Amartya Sen, conversion factors (individual, social and environmental).<br>This thesis deals with educational and professional counselling system (EPCS) dedicated to support students who failed the Baccalaureate examination (BAC) of the city of Constantine, Algeria, and the inequalities it can cause for them. This student population is identified as vulnerable because of their labelling "failure at the BAC" and as a population unequally valued in its orientation course at the time of its transition to higher education (Picard et al., 2015, p. 4). Their state of vulnerability is expressed in many ways, including those related to parents' schooling, the socio-economic situation of the family, and lack of academic performance, which then generates inequalities during the transition to university (Picardet al., 2015). The Capability Approach (CA) of Amartya Sen (1992, 1993) was subsequently selected as part of this study. Its goal is to identify conversion factors that may support the student who has to retake the BAC exam during his transition to university and his choice of a study project to which he aspires the most. In other words, it identifies personal, social and environmental factors that may or may not be capacitating during the transition phase from high school to higher education. The first specific objective of the research is to identify the resources offered by the Algerian Educational and Professional Counselling System (AEPCS) to students who fail on the Baccalaureate Exam (BAC) depending on whether or not they create realistic options (opportunities) predisposed to offer them a real freedom to build a valued choice in terms of orientation and discipline choice in order to successfully transition to higher education. The second objective is to discern the relationship between students who fail the exam with Educational and Professional counselors (EPC) support to determine the degree to which their interactions could be contributing factors to helping or obstructing their transition to higher education. Finally, the third objective attempts to distinguish the personal and social conversion factors supporting or patterning the transition to the higher cycle of students who fail at the BAC exam. To achieve these three objectives, two samples took part in this qualitative study: nine (N = 09) students who fail at the BAC, of which (N = 4) girls and (N = 5) boys, and four (N = 4) EPC women advisers affiliated to three EPC centres in the city of Constantine. The structured results suggest gaps in the relevance of the government services offered in terms of academic guidance and counselling for high school students and also simply administrative management of students' orientation files without taking into account their real aspirations and their skills related to their self-management skills. Keywords: Educational and vocational guidance system, transition, BAC level failure, social justice, capabilities approach (CA) Amartya Sen, conversion factors (individual, social and environmental).

Sejam F_q um corpo finito com q elementos, e C_n um grupo cíclico de n elementos com mdc(q,n) = 1. Iniciamos nosso trabalho inspirados nos resultados de Vega, estabelecendo condições para que um código de F_qC_n tenha peso constante. Com tal resultado concluímos que um código de peso constante em F_qC_n é da forma {rg^ie | r em F_q, i variando de 0 a n}. A partir disto, determinamos a quantidade de códigos de peso constante de F_qC_n, e construímos exemplos de códigos de dois pesos em F_q(C_n X C_n). Em seguida, estabelecemos sob quais condições um código em F_qA, para A um grupo abeliano finito, tem peso constante. Analisamos também os códigos de peso constante em RG, quando R um anel de cadeia finito e C_n é um grupo cíclico de n elementos com mdc(n,q) = 1. Além disso, analisamos o caso em que os elementos de um ideal de RA, para R um domínio de integridade infinito e A um grupo abeliano finito têm peso constante.<br>Let F_q be a field with q elements, C_n be a cyclic group of order n and suppose that gcd(q,n) = 1. In this work conditions are given to ensure that a code in F_qC_n is a one weight code, inspired in the work of Vega. As a consequence of this result we showed that a one weight code in F_qC_n is of the form {rg^ie | r in F_q, i between 0 and n}. With this, we determined the number of one weight codes in F_qC_n, and constructed examples of two weight codes in F_q(C_n X C_n). After this, we gave conditions to ensure that a code had constant weight in F_qA, for A a finite abelian group. We also analyzed the one weight codes in RG, R a chain ring and C_n a cyclic group with n elements with gcd(n,q) = 1. Moreover, we analyzed the case when the elements of an ideal in RA, for R an infinite integral domain and A a finite abelian group, have constant weight.

La medina possede une position polaire et fonctionnelle dans l'agglomeration constantinoise. Le grand developpement de ses implantations commerciales et la part preponderante de ses equipements administratifs en font le centre d'attraction de toute la ville et au-dela. Au dynamisme de sa fonction tertiaire, la medina oppose un cadre bati degrade, essentiellement dans les secteurs traditionnels qui supportent de grandes densites de population. L'amenagement du site doit etre pense en fonction de ce double aspect ; maintien de la vocation centrale de la medina mais conjugue avec une meilleure repartition des equipements sur l'ensemble de l'agglomeration par la creation de centres secondaires et sauvegarde du cadre bati qui represente pour l'algerie un patrimoine irremplacable parmi ses villes septentrionales<br>The position of the medina within the constantine connurbation is both polar and fonctionnal. The dimensions of the commercial infrastructure and the major role played by the administration infrastructure make it an overloaded pole of attraction with respect to the town and its surroundings. Compared to the activity of its tertiary fonction the state of the buildings of the medina is poor, above all in the traditionnal sectors which are characterized by a high population density. Urban planning must take these two aspects into account. The central vocation of the medina must be maintained but at the same time this must be achieved in conjonction with an improved distribution of facilities over the whole of the connurbation with the creation of secondary centres and the preservation of the overall planning and architectural features which represent, for algeria, an irreplacable heritage among its nothern towns

Thesis (D.M.A.)--Boston University<br>Demetrios Constantine Dounis was a concert violinist, mandolinist, conductor, and medical doctor. Above all, he was a teacher who developed some of the most innovative methods for violin playing of the 20th century. Dounis carefully observed the technique of the great masters of the violin, both privately and in concert, including Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, and Eugene Ysaye. His keen sense of observation played an important role in the development of his methods. Dounis's background in medicine helped to form the anatomical and physiological basis for his technical principles. Although it is often assumed that Dounis's teaching was exclusively technical, he referred to his technique as "Expressive Technique", signifying that a violinist without technical limitations is a violinist with inexhaustible expressive potential. An explanation of these principles are presented in this dissertation, according to Dounis's published works on technique, as well as the author's acquired understanding of the technique through the tutelage of former Dounis student, George Neikrug. This dissertation also explores Dounis's unique approach to teaching, his philosophy on practicing, as well as his methods of facilitating technical change for his students. The final chapter is an exploration into the cognitive aspects of achieving physical habit change in violin technique. The struggle to change the technical habits of violin playing is both physical and mental on many levels, and this difficulty is the main reason as to why Dounis's unique methods have often been met with resistance.

Deux nouveaux modèles de ligne l'écoulement ont été proposés; un nouveau « fan-modèle » (FM) et un « modèle de loi-puissance » généralisé (PLM). Le FM est examiné sur les lignes d'écoulement expérimentalement obtenues pour Al par une ECAE de 90° et de 120°. Le PLM est comparé également aux champs d'écoulement obtenus à partir des simulations d'éléments finis. Pour le PLM, les effets de ses paramètres sur le taux maximum de déformation et la déformation équivalente de von Mises sont analysés. Les lignes d'écoulement expérimentales de l'Al dans les ECAE à 90° et 120° sont analysées avec le PLM. En utilisant le PLM, l'effet de la contre-pression sur le champ de déformation dans une ECAE ECAE de 90° pour un alliage d'aluminium 6061 est analysé. L'application de ces deux modèles dans la simulation de texture est présentée. L'effet de chaque paramètre de PLM sur le développement de texture dans la ECAE de 90° et de 135° a été simulé. La comparaison des textures simulées avec celles de l'expérience pour le Cu et l'Al obtenus à partir des essais ECAE à 135° est présentée et les différences entre elles ont été discutées. Les simulations de texture pour le Cu extrudé par une ECAE à 90° employant le modèle ligne d'écoulement appelé fan-type sont faites. L'extrusion angulaire de canal non-égal (NECAE) comme nouveau procédé de SPD est également présentée. Le changement de forme d'un élément de matière pendant ce procédé dans une matrice à 90° est étudié et une nouvelle fonction de ligne d'écoulement est proposée. En outre, le développement de texture dans NECAE est simulé et comparé aux textures dans le procédé d'ECAE<br>Two new flow line models were proposed; a new “fan-model” (FM) and a generalized “power-law model” (PLM). The FM is tested on experimentally obtained flow lines in Al ECAE processed through a 90° and a120° die. The PLM is compared also with the flow fields obtained from finite element simulations. For the PLM, the effects of its parameters on the maximum strain rate and von Mises equivalent strain are analysed. The experimental flow lines in ECAE deformed Al are analyzed with regard to these parameters and their variation within the 90° and 120° dies is discussed. Using the PLM, the effect of the back pressure on the deformation field in a 90° ECAE die for an aluminium alloy 6061 is analysed. Application of these two models in texture simulation is presented. The effects of each parameter of PLM on texture development in 90° and 135° ECAE die have been simulated. The comparison of simulated textures with those from experiment for Cu and Al obtained from 135° ECAE tests was presented and the differences between them were discussed. The texture simulations for Cu ECAE processed through a 90° die using the fan-type flow line model is done with a very good agreement with experiment. The non-equal channel angular extrusion (NECAE) as a new SPD process is also presented. Material element shape change during this process within a 90° die is studied and a new flow line function is presented and validated using finite element simulations. Furthermore, texture development in NECAE is simulated and compared with the textures of the ECAE process

In this work we prove two theorems that characterize the hypersurfaces in the unitary sphere of dimension n+1. The first result, obtained by H. Alencar and M. do Carmo, classifies hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in the sphere. This result was published in April 1994 in Proceedings of The American Mathematical Society, volume 120, number 4 with the title Hypersurfaces with Constant Mean Curvature. The second result was obtained by Li Haizhong in the article Hypersurfaces with Constant Scalar Curvature in Space Forms, published in 1996 in the journal Mathematisch Annalen, volume 305. The theorem of Li Haizhong characterizes hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in the sphere. We prove the theorem of Li Haizhong using the results obtained by H. Alencar and M. do Carmo.<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Nesta dissertação apresentamos dois teoremas que caracterizam as hipersuperfícies na esfera unitária de dimensão n+1. O primeiro resultado, obtido por H. Alencar e M. do Carmo, classifica as hipersuperfícies com curvatura média constante na esfera. Este resultado foi publicado em abril de 1994 no Proceedings of The American Mathematical Society, volume 120, número 4 com o título Hypersurfaces With Constant Mean Curvature.O segundo resultado provado nesta dissertação foi obtido por Li Haizhong no artigo Hypersurfaces With Constant Scalar Curvature in Spaces Forms, publicado em 1996 no Mathematische Annalen, volume 305. O Teorema de Li Haizhong caracteriza as hipersuperfícies com curvatura escalar constante na esfera. Demonstraremos o Teorema de Li Haizhong utilizando os resultados obtidos por H. Alencar e M. do Carmo.

Constantin Stanislavski initially trained as an opera singer before becoming an actor and director. In 1918 he was invited to give a series of lectures and workshops on the art of acting in opera at the Moscow Bolshoy Theatre, and then he directed a whole series of operas between 1922 and 1932. The opera lectures are found in a book entitled On the Art of the Stage, and one of the singers in Stanislavski's Opera Studio named Pavel Rumyantsev records Stanislavski's work on individual operas in a book entitled Stanislavski on Opera. This thesis argues that these lectures are a major contribution to our understanding of Stanislavski's training of the actor: they were given before the maj or acting texts were written or published, and they constitute a complete system called 'The System and Methods of Creative Art', formed in seven steps of a metaphorical ladder. The lectures have received little or no critical attention and this thesis is therefore unique in the light that it sheds upon the relationship between Stanislavski's systems of acting for opera and for theatre, and the historical and cultural contexts in which the lectures were given. This thesis also challenges the conventional view of Stanislavski as a naturalistic director and posits a binary model which acknowledges his work in fantasy and illusion, both in theatre and opera. Tzvetan Todorov provides a critical language with which to analyse Stanislavski' s approach to operas in the fantastic vein such as Rimsky-Korsakov's A May Night. By contrast, Stanislavski's direction of Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin in 1922 employed a variety of more realist styles. Finally, this thesis examines Stanislavski's contribution to the movement to create a 'synthetic theatre', at the heart of which is a collective ethos and a desire to unite the words, music and action in an organic whole.

La vieille ville de Constantine, symbole vivant de la culture arabo-islamique, agonise, l'insalubrité, la surdensification, le taux d'occupation par logement alarmant, la dégradation du cadre bâti, l'absence d'équipements socio-culturels et de loisirs offre à Constantine, un centre-ville qui ne permet pas à ce contact et à ces multiples échanges dont les habitants ont tellement besoin, de le faire dans des conditions favorables. De par sa valeur architecturale et urbanistique, inestimable, les opérations de conservation et d'amélioration du bâti sont impératives. Actuellement, excepté les opérations de destruction des logements qui menacent ruine, le rocher est abandonné à son sort. Nous proposons les opérations de restauration et de réhabilitation en priorité, des opérations de rénovation dans des espaces irrécupérables, ainsi qu'une rocade ceinturant le rocher, pour une éventuelle décongestion de la circulation<br>The old city of Constantine, life symbol of the arabo-islamic culture is dying because of the unhealthy environment, the over densification, the rate of occupation per dwelling, the degradation of the built environment, and finally the lack of the socio-cultural and leisure equipment are making the problems of Constantine more complex. The old city is offering such a city center in which the contact and the exchange between habitants is alarming and need to be approved in more partial conditions. From its invaluable architectural and urban qualities, the operations of conservation and improvement of the buildings are imperative. At the present time, except the destruction of the decayed houses, the "rocher" is left to its destiny. We propose operations of restauration and rehabilitation at a first time, followed by operations of renovation in non-recoverable spaces, finally a "rocade" should surround the “rocher” of Constantine in order to reduce the famous traffic congestion

En position charnière, entre deux domaines naturels (l'ensemble tellien au nord montagneux, humide et les hautes plaines au sud en semi-aride), Constantine, grande ville intérieure, carrefour entre le nord et le sud, commande une région pauvre (la plus pauvre par rapport à l'est et à l'ouest de l'Algérie). On note: une croissance démographique très élevée due à un exode rural effréné d'où prolifération de bidonvilles. - une croissance économique très timide faute d'infrastructures d'accueil et d'encadrement. - Une croissance spatiale désarticulée par une mauvaise utilisation des investissements dans un espace réduit et complexe. Cet ensemble de phénomènes, additionnée à une planification tatillonne a engendré un déséquilibre aigu dans le fonctionnement de l'espace de la Wilaya. Pour corriger toutes les incohérences relevées dans cet espace, une ligne de conduite a été adoptée et a conduit à l'élaboration de propositions d'aménagement qui doivent : 1- tenir compte des options nationales et, ou, locales en matière de développement et d'aménagement. 2- Planifier les interventions par ordre de priorité et en fonction de leur impact aux différents niveaux structurants de l'espace. 3- Exprimer le souci de renforcer la cohérence et l'organisation hiérarchique de cet 4- être comprises comme étant des orientations devant être adaptées à toutes les évolutions et à tous les dynamismes<br>In a hinged position, between two natural sites (the entire north, mountainious, damp hillock and the semi arid flat plain in the south) Constantine quiet big city cross road between the north and south, embrace an unfortunate area in the east as well as west. For instance we record: - an increase in population due to the unrestrained drift from the countryside thus leading to a shanty-town. - avery slow economique growth due to a lack of infrastructurs. - A dislocated space growth because of a bad investment in a confined space. The entire phenomenes, beside the hazardious planing has led to a sharp desequilibrium in the space function of constantine district. - To solve of this incompatibilities, a certain way has been adopted to leed to many propositions for a further arrangement. - take in to account the national options internes of arrangement and development. - to plan the interventions in a correct moment regarding their effect in different stages. - To think about reinforcing the hierachical organization througth the. .

Le problème de l'eau se pose avec acuité dans toutes les villes d'Algérie; ce qui explique le choix du thème portant sur l'alimentation en eau potable de la ville de Constantine. Pour cela, il a fallu présenter la ville de Constantine en étudiant sa climatologie, son relief et son historique, pour aborder ensuite l'inventaire et la situation des nappes souterraines. Compte tenu du manque d'eau, du relief accidenté de la ville, la distribution s'effectue un jour sur deux, pendant deux heures maximum. Sans oublier les problèmes que connaissent les immeubles élevés. Les normes arrêtées par l'O. M. S. Soit 1501 hab. J sont loin d'être atteints; et, après étude des statistiques, il en résulte que Constantine connaitra toujours des difficultés d'approvisionnement en demeurant tributaire de la découverte de nouvelles sources. Le réseau d'assainissement dont l'état semble satisfaisant se divise en trois catégories: unitaire, séparatif et inexistant. Les eaux usées seront recueillies et traitées par la future station d'épuration pour irriguer la plaine agricole du hamma; ce qui permettra à Constantine de bénéficier d'une quantité supplémentaire appréciable en eau potable<br>The problem of water is really acute in all the Algerian cities that is why the theme about the supply of potable water for the city of Constantine has been chose. For this it was necessary to introduce Constantine taking into account its climate, its relief and history, to come afterward to the inventory of the situation of the different underground reserves because of the lack of water, and the unsteady relief of the town, the distribution of water is undertaken with difficulty: one day out of two, during 2 hours maximum, without forgetting the problem faced by high buildings. The norms stated by the OMS (world health organization) are 1501 inhabitant day, are far from being reached and after the study of some statistics, it has been estimated that Constantine will always face supply difficulties and remains dependant on the discovery of new springs the system of making water healthier, which seems to be satisfactory, is divised into three categories: unitary, separatist and inexistent. Spoilt water will be collected and treated by the future purification station in order to irrigate the agricultural fields of hamma. This will allow Constantine to benefit from an appreciable volume of potable water

Dans cette thèse on étudie la géométrie systolique des variétés de Bieberbach. La \emph{systole} d'une variété riemannienne compacte et non simplement connexe $(M^n,g)$ est l'infimum des longueurs des courbes fermées non contractiles; le \emph{rapport systolique} est le quotient $(\mathrm{systole})^n/\mathrm{volume}$. Un résultat fondamental de Gromov assure que si $M^n$ est essentielle, il existe une constante $c(M)$ strictement positive telle que, pour toute métrique $g$ sur $M^n$: $Vol(M,g) \geq c(M) Sys(M,g)^n$. Les surfaces compactes autres que $S^2$ sont essentielles, et le théorème de Gromov est une généralisation profonde des mêmes résultats pour le tore $T^2$ (C. Loewner), pour le plan projectif (M. Pu) et pour la bouteille de Klein (C. Bavard). Pour ces variétés la constante $c(M)$ est bien connu mais en dimension supérieure, on ne connait pratiquement rien en dehors de l'existence de cette constante. Nous nous intéressons aux variétés de Bieberbach de dimension 3, c'est à dire aux variétés compactes de dimension 3 qui portent une métrique riemannienne plate, qui ne sont pas des tores et démontrons que les métriques plates ne sont pas optimales pour le rapport systolique.

La question de la caractérisation des constantes logiques est un des problèmes fondamentaux de la philosophie de la logique. De cette caractérisation dépend en particulier la définition de la notion de conséquence logique, qui permet d'évaluer la validité de nos inférences. Selon une des approches classiques de cette question, les constantes logiques ont ceci de spécial qu'elles dénotent des opérations qui sont invariantes par permutation des objets du domaine de discours. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer les fondements conceptuels de cette proposition et les problèmes qu'elle pose. Nous défendons, à la lumière d'une révision des justifications de la thèse traditionnelle, une nouvelle caractérisation des constantes logiques en termes d'invariance par isomorphisme potentiel, qui permet de rendre compte à la fois de la généralité de la logique et de son absence de contenu empirique et, en un sens qui sera précisé, mathématique

Cette these contribue au domaine de la theorie de la complexite. Nous avons etudie des classes de comptage definies dans le modele de machine turing et dans le modele de familles de circuits. Nous avons regroupe differents resultats concernant ces classes selon deux themes principaux : comptage positif et comptage relatif. Nous avons etabli une liste de proprietes communes de ces classes, par exemple la cloture par addition faible, par multiplication faible et par formation de coefficients binomiaux restreints. Nous avons mis l'accent sur les classes de comptage relatif et presente deux approches differentes pour definir ces classes et nous obtenons les classes gap et les classes diff. En particulier nous avons etudie les classes diffac#0 et gapac#0 des fonctions calculables par une famille de circuits arithmetiques de profondeur constante, de taille polynomiale et de degre entrant non borne avec un nombre non borne de portes de soustraction (respectivement avec une seule porte de soustraction a la sortie). Nous avons prouve que ces deux classes sont egales. Ce resultat a aussi permis de montrer que le calcul de la partie entiere de la fonction (x#1 + + x#n)/2 ne peut etre calcule par une famille de circuits arithmetiques de profondeur constante, de taille quasi-polynomiale et de degre entrant non borne qui ne contient aucune porte de soustraction.

In den dreißiger Jahren verschärfte sich die Lage durch das Vorrücken der nationalistischen Rechten sowohl in Ungarn als auch in Rumänien. 1934 wurde auch Bartóks Konzerttätigkeit eingeschränkt und er selbst zum Ziel unwürdiger politischer Angriffe. Die Korrespondenz Bartók - Brăiloiu muss in diesem historischen Kontext, den sie auch reichlich widerspiegelt, gedeutet werden.

Faute de travaux scientifiques, Constantine, capitale de l’Est algérien, a quelque peu disparu de la bibliographie archéologique ces dernières décennies. Il est vrai que l’étude archéologique en milieu urbain n’est pas aisée. Pour palier cette absence, cet exposé propose un état des lieux des travaux antérieurs sur le sujet, afin de mettre en place l’ébauche d’une recherche sur la topographie urbaine de la ville, dans l’Antiquité. Le point de départ de ce travail correspond à une prise de conscience de l’éparpillement des sources et de la difficulté à les consulter. Ainsi, regrouper les sources anciennes et récentes était nécessaire pour créer un répertoire de notices de découvertes, agrémentées ou non de planches. Ces notices forment chacune un site à reporter, dans la mesure du possible, sur une carte, elle-même divisée en plusieurs parties, correspondant à diverses sections, mises en place pour faciliter l’organisation de cette étude. Ce catalogue, première évaluation du potentiel archéologique de Constantine, permet finalement former quelques hypothèses qui pourront servir d’appuis aux travaux archéologiques à venir<br>For lack of scientific works, Constantine, capital of eastern Algeria, has somewhat disappeared from the archeological bibliography these last decades. It is right to say that the archeological study in urban areas isn’t that easy. To overcome this lack of research, this presentation offers an inventory of fixtures of the previous works on the subject, in order to produce the outline of a research on the urban topography of the city, in Antiquity. The starting point of this work represents an awareness of the dispersal of the sources and the difficulty to consult them. Thus, gathering the old and the recent sources was necessary to create a notebook of discovery notes, accompanied or not by «boards». These notes each form a site to copy out, when possible on a map, that is divided in several parts, corresponding to different sections, made up to facilitate the organisation of this study. This catalog, first estimation of the archological potential of Constantine eventually allows us to establish a few hypothesis that will be used as a support for further archelogical research

Comment saisir ne serait-ce qu'un fragment de l'histoire si opaque, parce qu'à la fois si malmenée et si peu outillée, de l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane ? C'est ce que se propose de faire l'auteur au niveau de l'une des grandes cités de la Régence d'Alger, Constantine au XVIIIème siècle. A l'origine de l'enquête, l'aventure politique étonnante mais énigmatique d'un gouverneur, Salah Bey qui devait à la fois incarner, et pour longtemps, toute la magnificience de ce qu'avait pu être l'époque ottomane, et connaître paradoxalement une fin brutale, liée à un événement mal élucidé. Pour démêler ces ombres et lumières, l'auteur s'est attelée à la mise au jour et à l'analyse des expériences sociales et politiques se faisant jour dans la cité, elle-même totalement partie prenante de ce qui s'était joué, à partir de l'étude de différents contextes produits par les sources mobilisées. Il s'est agi en effet d'aborder la ville en tant que lieu privilégié de manifestations des rapports sociaux dont émergeaient les différentes facettes de l'identité urbaine, depuis les façons diverses d'être de et dans la ville (analyse des identités nominales comme des réseaux de sociabilité familiaux, professionnels, de voisinage...), jusqu'aux modalités d'affirmations d'un pouvoir urbain "autochtone", en passant par les usages sociaux de la justice et de l'accord (à travers les recours féminins en particulier). Au fil de cette excursion, s'éclaire ce que fut la tentative souveraine de Salah Bey et les conditions de son échec, mais encore s'affirme l'image dynamique d'une ville pour laquelle les individus, les groupes d'individus et institutions sont appréhendés comme autant d'acteurs, parties prenantes de ce moment particulier de l'histoire de Constantine. Ce travail qui mobilise des sources archivistiques et littéraires essentiellement locales et inédites (registre de décès, de justice, de biens de mainmorte, actes de propriétés, chroniques...), est également le lieu d'une réflexion continue sur les conditions d'une histoire sociale conçue sur la base d'une documentation, la valeur heuristique dépend d'un usage attentif au détail comme aux modalités historiques de sa production.

Les observations du site, conjuguees aux conjonctures politico-economiques actuelles (1990-1994), ont devoile un laisser aller, qui semble entrainer de nouveaux rapports a l'espace, reactualisant l'appropriation du vieux constantine. Trois principaux rapports a l'espace ressortent de l'analyse. - le rapport au patrimoine : dans le sens ou le vieux constantine est entrain d'etre dispute en tant que patrimoine a la fois urbanistique, historique et religieux. - le marquage islamique dans le sens ou les mosquees ont ete disputees en fonction de leur implantation et des tendances politico-religieuses. - la structuration par l'echange qui, de maniere formelle ou informelle, s'accapare progressivement l'ensemble du rocher. L'echange fonctionne dans un espace a la fois donne (patrimoine) et en devenir (reconfigure par le trabendo). L'ensemble de ces rapports identifies separement mettent en exergue une ouverture au monde notamment du fait de l'echange (trabendo), sans doute dans le meme mouvement de l'initiation algerienne de l'economie de marche<br>The field analysis combined with actual political and economical situation (1990-1994) shows a big deal of carelessnes. This leads to a new human and space relation. That relation reactualise the ownership of the space in constantine old. The analysis shows three types of relations to space. - the patrimony space where the old city is argued to be as an urban, historical and religious space. - the islamic label where the mosques are argued regarding their situation and their political and religious tendancies. - the structure of space with formal and informal exchange gradually takes out the whole rocher (rock). As far as the space is concorned, the exchange operates in both ways as a patrimony and as a configuration for the future. Taken separately these reports show an opening towards the world, specially through the so-called trabendo, that moves algeria towards the free market

Notre etude comprend deux parties: la premiere consiste principalement en la description d'un rite, la seconde en l'etude des reactions lors de la presentation videographique. Le rite appele nechra comprend le hor (qui signifie libre) et l'oucif (noir). Le hor prend la forme d'un pelerinage dans cinq lieux saints autour de constantine: friedja, sidi mimoun, l'ghaba, l'ghorab, bou l'djebel, les pratiquantes y deposent des offrandes et font le sacrifice d'un poulet. Apres avoir decrit les deux phases du rite, nous avons realise un film video (a l'aide d'informateurs locaux) montrant ces cinq lieux de culte. Dans la seconde partie nous utilisons ce document comme element declencheur: la mechra est une pratique que tout le monde connait et dont personne ne parle, nous utilisons ce fils dans des entretiens non-directifs, avec quatre groupes d'etudiants algeriens et un groupe d'etudiants d'origine algerienne nes en france. L'enregistrement des entretiens se pratique en studio, avec un dispositif de partition d'ecran permettant de recueillir l'information de maniere exhaustive<br>Our study is made up two parts: documentary study a ritual ceremony, people's reaction to the ritual. In the region of constantine, there exists a marabout ritual known as nechra (or nochra) which is divided into two parts, the hor (meaning free) and the oucif (meaning black). The hor entails a pilgrimage to five places around constantine. The preparatory stage of the pilgrimage begins on the tuesday, after which, on the wednesday, the pilgrims visit five holy sites (freidja, sidi mimoun, l'ghaba, l'ghorab, bou l'ekjebel). They leave gifts and carry out ritual sacrifice of a chicken. After having described the two stages of the ritual, we producted a video document with the help of local informant showing the five holy places. The second part demonstrates how this document was used as the starting point for group discussions. The nechra is a ritual practice which is widely known but seldom discussed. The film will be used to inspire a free discussion between four groups of algerians students from the constantine area and one group of student born in france of algerian parents. An innovatory technique of special effect is used in a tv studio to allow the discussions to be recorded for subsequent detailed analysis

Si la constantine du xviiieme siecle s'est imposee a notre attention, c'est en raison de l'enigme que constitue l'episode du gouvernement de salah bey, personnage incarnant toute la magnificence de ce qu'avait pu etre l'epoque turque, mais qui connut paradoxalement une fin brutale et l'echec du projet souverain d'envergure qu'il avait entrepris. Cet evenement tragique et mal elucide temoignait du fait que les conditions et les limites de la domination turque d'alors ne pouvaient etre saisies sans une etude des experiences sociales et politiques se faisant jour dans la cite, totalement partie prenante de ce qui s'etait joue. Plutot que d'analyser l'espace social citadin en projetant sur lui des categories exterieures a l'experience des acteurs, ou mises en scene par les expressions dominantes de l'ideologie urbaine, cette etude se propose d'en saisir les configurations et les rapports de force qui le faconnent a travers les pratiques et les interactions individuelles et de groupe que les sources mettent en scene. Ce sont les sources locales (registres de deces et de justice du qadhi, operation de waqf, actes de proprietes, chroniques), prises comme autant de temoignages partiels et partiaux de la realite urbaine qui constituent le lieu privilegie de l'analyse, et l'investigation systematique dont chacune fait l'objet, le fil conducteur a partir duquel se construit la demonstration. Faisant debuter la recherche depuis le milieu du xixeme siecle, pour remonter ensuite dans le temps avant que de revenir au debut de la conquete francaise, avec les savants locaux qui se font alors historiens de leur ville, le plan de la these s'organise en cinq parties : entrer a constantine en 1840, le droit dans la ville, les turcs dans la cite, le pouvoir dans la ville et enfin, sortir de constantine par les recits autochtones.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar dois modos de operação de destilação em batelada: com refluxo constante e composição do destilado constante. Desenvolveuse um modelo matemático para a destilação em batelada de uma mistura binária (metanol-etanol) para operação com cada um destes modos. O modelo consiste basicamente dos balanços de massa e entalpia, relações e diagramas de equilíbrio líquido-vapor (composição de equilíbrio, temperaturas de bolha e orvalho da mistura), estimativa das propriedades físico-químicas da mistura (calor específico, calor latente de vaporização), determinação do número de estágios ideais necessários à separação (pelo método de McCabe-Thiele), cálculo de cargas térmicas no refervedor e condensador, consumo de utilidades (vapor de água e água de resfriamento), estimativa do tempo de destilação e alguns aspectos econômicos sobre o processo (custos de equipamentos e operacionais, capacidade de produção, lucro mensal). Implementou-se em uma planilha eletrônica este modelo para as simulações matemáticas e análise técnico-econômica do processo. Em escala de laboratório (foram realizados, ao todo, oito ensaios, quatro de refluxo constante e quatro de refluxo variável, utilizando uma coluna de pratos perfurados), constatou-se uma boa concordância entre estes resultados experimentais e os calculados a partir da modelagem. Em seguida, estudaram-se, isoladamente em cada modo de operação e de modo comparativo, as principais variáveis de processo (taxa de refluxo, composição do destilado, quantidade de carga, vazão de destilado, etc.) através de simulações matemáticas, tanto no cenário de uma unidade existente como no caso do projeto de uma instalação nova. Para uma instalação existente, verificou-se, que no modo de destilação com composição de destilado constante, mantendo-se a vazão do vapor de topo constante, o tempo de destilação é menor, a capacidade de destilação é maior, resultando em maior lucro mensal. Para uma instalação a ser projetada, de novo, o processo mais vantajoso é o de refluxo variável e vazão de vapor do topo constante, pois requer menores áreas dos trocadores de calor para uma dada separação num tempo fixo de processo. No entanto, para o processamento de uma dada quantidade num mesmo tempo, à medida que se adota, no projeto, um número maior de estágios de separação na coluna, a diferença de lucro mensal torna-se praticamente indistinta para os modos de destilação estudados.<br>The aim of this study is to compare two operational methods of batch distillation of a binary system (methanolethanol): constant reflux and constant distillate composition. A phenomenological modeling concerning each mode was developed. It was based on material and enthalpy balances, equilibrium relationships, estimation of physical properties (specific heat and latent vaporization heat of mixtures), determination of ideal stages number (using McCabe-Thiele method), calculation of rebolier and condenser thermal loads and areas, steam and cooling water requirement, distillation time and some economical aspects. The mathematical model was implemented into an electronic spreadsheet. The predicted values were compared to experimental results from eight tests carried out in a laboratory sieve tray column (four at constant reflux and four at constant distillate composition), and a good consistency was found. Then several case studies concerning each distillation mode as well as the comparative performance were accomplished through mathematical simulations. Evaluation of the basic process variables such as reflux rate, initial load, distillate composition and flow rate was done. Rating of an existing plant and design of a new installation were considered in this process analysis. For an existing installation, lower distillation time, as well as higher distillation capacity and monthly profit were observed when distilling with constant distillate composition, keeping constant the flow rate of vapor from the column top. This process is also the more advantageous one when designing a new plant since smaller heat exchanger areas are required. However, to process a quantity in a same time, in a design of a new plan, as number of separation stages increases, monthly profit becomes almost the same among the studied distillation modes.

Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leal_Isabel_M.pdf: 984828 bytes, checksum: b0a33558ae8b5683163892248364a85b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: Nesta dissertação, fazemos uma revisão da literatura existente sobre vórtices em superfícies de curvatura constante, dando especial atenção às questões de integrabilidade e não integrabilidade. Além disso, apresentamos alguns resultados originais sobre o movimento de vórtices no plano hiperbólico que indicam um possível caminho para demonstrar a não integrabilidade de um sistema de quatro vórtices nessa superfície<br>Abstract: In this thesis, we review the existing literature on vortices on surfaces of constant curvature, giving special attention to the issues of integrability and non-integrability. In addition, we present some original results on the motion of vortices on the hyperbolic plane that indicate a possible way to demonstrate the non-integrability of a system of four vortices on that surface<br>Mestrado<br>Matematica<br>Mestre em Matemática

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVANA DA SILVA RODRIGUES.pdf: 983315 bytes, checksum: 17ccfa7762b3ec7758b0c81b7ca259bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-28<br>The main purpose of this dissertation was to construct lower and upper bounds for the cardinality of the error correcting codes for constant-weight, contained in the vector space Fn 3 , where F3 is a field with three elements, knowing parameters such as length and minimum distance code. We present the main results of linear algebra necessary to develop the theory of codes and then the fundamental concepts of more practical class of codes, the linear error correcting codes. We state the Totobola problem and the Football problem, relating them to the theory of codes and present some bounds for the "covering radius problem"for r = 1 , some values of n. In the last chapter, we conclude the work with some examples that illustrate bounds of coverings for Fn 3 , with r = 2 and 3, and the generalization of the problem, where we present the binary covering radius problem, the case of multiple coverages and the extension of the idea, citing bounds for the cardinality of the codes contained in the vector space over a finite field with any arbitrary number of elements.<br>O principal objetivo desta dissertação foi construir limitantes inferiores e superiores para o número de elementos de um código corretor de erros de peso constante, contido no espaço vetorial Fn 3 , onde F3 é um corpo contendo três elementos, a partir de parâmetros como comprimento e distância mínima do código. Apresentamos os principais resultados da álgebra linear necessários ao desenvolvimento da teoria de códigos e em seguida, os conceitos fundamentais da classe de códigos mais conhecida na prática: os códigos lineares. Definimos os problemas do totobola e da piscina de futebol e a relação de ambos, com a teoria de códigos e com o problema do raio de cobertura. Construímos limitantes para o problema do raio de cobertura para r = 1, a partir da variação de n, e no último capítulo o trabalho é finalizado com a apresentação de exemplos que ilustram limitantes de cobertura para Fn 3 , com r = 2 e 3 e a generalização do assunto, onde apresentamos o problema binário do raio de cobertura, o caso das múltiplas coberturas e a extensão da idéia, citando limitantes para o número de elementos de códigos contidos em espaços vetoriais sobre um corpo finito contendo uma quantidade qualquer de elementos.

L'objectif de ce travail est l'étude des traductions du poète grec Constantin Karyotakis de même que l'étude des influences francophones sur son oeuvre. Présentation du poète et de son oeuvre. La question d'influence est abordée de manière diachronique et synchronique : étude de la question d'influence française en Grèce, et des influences françaises sur l'oeuvre du poète grec en question. Etude des influences potentielles reçues par des poètes traduits, comme par exemple Baudelaire, Verlaine, Laforgue, Moréas et des influences qui trouvent leur source soit dans l'anthologie française "Poètes d'aujourd'hui", soit dans des documents personnels du poète traducteur. Etude de ses traductions, qui sont analysées selon quatre niveaux essentiels : a) Du poit de vue du style, b) Du point de vue linguistique, c) Du point de vue sociolinguistique ou sociolculturel et d) Du point de vue pragmatique. Etudes des problèmes du transfert des réalités culturelles dans la traduction, les thèmes, le fonctionnement des traductions dans la poésie originale du traducteur et de son projet poétique. Vu que la traduction unique ne constitue qu'un but illusoire on s'est proposé de comparer aussi quelques-unes de ces traductions avec celles d'autres traducteurs. Etude et analyse de ces stratégies de traduction et de son identité culturelle en tant que médiateur entre cultures. Cette dernière s'inscrit-elle dans le cadre d'une traduction de type sourcier ou cibliste ?<br>The translation s of the Greek poet Constantine Karyotakis as well as the influence of French poets in its works constitute the subject of this study. This thesis falls within the scope of applied linguistics, translation studies and comparative litterature. The subject is examined both diachronically and synchronically. After presentation of the poet and his works, we examine the French influence in Greece and, thereafter, in the poet's works, which are distinguished in those influence by poets already translated in Greek and those inflenced by poets appaearing in the French Anthology "Poètes d'aujourd'hui". Insofar as the translated works are concerned, they were studied not only in terms of linguistics and sociolingistics but of pragmatics as well. We also investigate the transfer of the cultural elements in the translated text, and issue considered as one of the most difficult problems on translation. Furthermore, we looked into the topics and the functions of the translations in the works of Karyotakis. Having taken into considration the intercultural value of the translations we compared some of these translated works to those translated by others : a study of the translation stategies adopted as well as the translator's identity as an intercultural mediator