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Journal articles on the topic 'Constituted authorities'
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1
Münte, Peter. "Participation in Administrative Decision-Making: A Sequential Analysis of Announcement, Obections and Concluding Letter." Comparative Sociology 8, no. 4 (2009): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913309x461642.
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AbstractThe essay summarizes results of a case study on participation in administrative decision-making on the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This case study evolved from a research project on social positioning within communication between government officials and citizens in different legally driven participation procedures. The communication within the participatory component of the permitting procedure will be interpreted as a "communicative collision" between two parties: A public authority obliged to contribute to a legally constituted public order, and citizens who wish to discuss or negotiate the subject with authorities, or otherwise to "deconstruct" the knowledge base of the authority's decision-making.
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AYKENS, PETER. "Conflicting authorities: states, currency markets and the ERM crisis of 1992–93." Review of International Studies 28, no. 2 (April 2002): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210502003595.
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The concept of authority has recently received heightened attention in the international politics literature. Unfortunately, considerable confusion still exists regarding who possesses authority, how authority is constituted, how it erodes and how it differs from other means of generating compliance, most notably power. Drawing on work from international political economy and political theory, this article sets out to clarify some of the many ambiguities surrounding authority. It builds hypotheses regarding state/market authority relations and tests these hypotheses in the context of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crisis of 1992–93. The article concludes that the ERM crisis did not represent a mere ‘bump in the road’ on the way to European Monetary Union, but rather the break-up of policy consensus in a dramatic way.
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Yiangou, Anastasia. "The Orthodox Church of Cyprus, Enosis politics and the British authorities during the First World War." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 44, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2019.28.
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This article examines relations between the Orthodox Church of Cyprus and the British colonial government during the First World War. I argue that the Great War constituted the first turning point in Church-State relations during colonial rule in Cyprus which, following other developments, finally collapsed during the 1950s. I discuss how the dynamic of the Enosis movement for the union of Cyprus with Greece was bolstered during the Great War. This in turn, the article will show, had significant repercussions on the attitudes of the Orthodox Church and the British authorities, transformed their relationship and opened the way for future developments.
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Bostan, Ionel, Mihaela Onofrei, Cristian Popescu, Dan Lupu, and Bogdan Firtescu. "Efficiency and Corruption in Local Counties: Evidence from Romania." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 16, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/16.2.215-229(2018).
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The current financial crisis and the lack of resources made imperative the analysis of the efficiency for managing public money, both at the central and at the local level. The general objective of the research is constituted by the estimate of the technical efficiency of all counties in Romania, as well as the analysis of its implications in local development. The originality and novelty of the study are supported by the research of a subject that has in the center the efficiency of the public authorities, current research direction for the public sector, in view of achieving a complex study. In order to reach the objective proposed, we will perform calculations on the basis of the Data Envelopment Analysis mathematical model and of the Tobit non-linear econometric model. At the same time, we reach the conclusion that in Romania, as in other states, there is a causality link between the efficiency of the local authorities and the level of corruption.
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CONCONI, PAOLA, and HARM SCHEPEL. "Argentina–Import Measures: How a Porsche is worth Peanuts." World Trade Review 16, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745616000574.
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AbstractThe dispute Argentina-Measures Affecting the Importation of Goods concerns a series of measures imposed by Argentine authorities on economic operators as a condition for obtaining import licenses. These measures were introduced with the goal of advancing the Argentine government's stated policies of re-industrialization, import substitution, and elimination of trade balance deficits. From a legal point of view, the least interesting feature of the dispute was the substantive compatibility of these measures with Article XI:1 GATT as they clearly constituted import restrictions. Identifying and classifying the measures involved, however, proved more challenging: based on vague policy guidelines, devoid of any legal basis, and consisting largely of wholly discretionary ad hoc action by the authorities, clouded in confidential obscurity, the measures escaped familiar categories and distinctions of WTO law. From an economic perspective, although Argentina's measures appear to have had no impact on its overall imports, they imposed large costs on foreign companies, as well as on Argentine importers and consumers.
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Aldgate, Tony. "I Am a Camera: Film and Theatre Censorship in 1950s Britain." Contemporary European History 8, no. 3 (November 1999): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777399003069.
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Although the processes of censorship as exercised over the stage and screen in 1950s Britain shared similar characteristics, there were vital differences in the way in which the governing authorities construed the audiences who frequented these entertainment media. Because cinemagoers constituted a mass audience and were considered to be more impressionable, the criteria of ‘quality’ applied by the British Board of Film Censors differed markedly to those put into effect for the theatre by the Lord Chamberlain's Office. The reception afforded both the play and film of I Am a Camera reveals the subtlety of approach adopted by the censors in each instance.
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Yambrusic, Edward S. "The Status of U.S. Copyright Relations with Taiwan." International Journal of Legal Information 13, no. 1-2 (April 1985): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500018357.
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The United States of America and the Republic of China (hereafter “ROC”) have maintained copyright relations pursuant to the 1948 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, signed at Nonking November 4, 1946. Article IX of the treaty guaranteed, inter alia,effective protection in the enjoyment of rights with respect to [the contracting parties'] literary and artistic works, upon compliance with the applicable laws and regulations, if any, respecting registration and other formalities which are or may thereafter be enforced by the constituted authorities; unauthorized reproduction, sale, diffusion or use of such literary and artistic works shall be prohibited, and effective remedy therefore, shall be provided by civil action.
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ROBERTS, BEN. "Entertaining the community: the evolution of civic ritual and public celebration, 1860–1953." Urban History 44, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926816000511.
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ABSTRACT:Civic ritual and pageantry have been mainstays of urban culture since the Middle Ages, but it has been suggested that they entered a period of decline from the 1870s onwards. This article suggests that instead, local authorities reformed and revised their use of civic ceremony, celebration and commemoration, in order to keep pace with contemporary culture and to maintain public interest. The towns of Darlington and Middlesbrough are considered to highlight the use of recreational and sensory-rich ritual in the urban setting. It is suggested that historians should therefore adopt a broader methodology and broaden their definition of what constituted civic ritual in the twentieth century.
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Черепанова, Екатерина, and Ekaterina Cherepanova. "Legal Problems of Corruption Crimes Classification." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 9 (August 29, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21225.
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The main goal of criminal legal science is determination of correlation between action and characteristics of corpus delicti which is constituted by criminal legislation. Only correct classification of crimes can guarantee justice preserved by law. The criminal legal assessment of corruption crimes is a separate problem of classification. Classification of such crimes is difficult in current activity of lawenforcement authorities and courts because of the conflict of law, redundancy of estimation definitions, etc. Besides the problem of counteraction of corruption was formulated as the main challenge of state. In the article are analyzed the legislation and law-enforcement practice. The conclusion contains recommendations which can lower the amount of mistakes in corruption crimes classification.
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Kolb, Jonas. "Constituted Islam and Muslim Everyday Practices in Austria: The Diversity of the Ties to Religious Organizational Structures and Religious Authorities in the Process of Change." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 40, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2020.1819129.
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Popov, Anton. "Two Mongolian Official Documents Dated by the 19th c." Written Monuments of the Orient 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo25869-.
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The article presents transliteration and commented translation of two official letters written by Mongolian administrative functionaries in the first third of the 19th c. Both were brought from Mongolia by A.M. Pozdneev. In 1898, handwritten copies were published by G.Dz. Tsibikov in the collection of materials, as a training manual for practical course in Mongolian language. The above mentioned letters still have not been subjected to any kind of scientific analysis. However, these documents represent typical examples of Mongolian official correspondence dated to the 19th c. Moreover they are abandoned of little-known facts about relationship between the authorities of the North Mongolian banners (khoshuns) and administrative structures, constituted personal subjects assigned to the Treasury of Jibzundamba Khutugtu (the Shabi).
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Tappe, Oliver. "Towards a historical anthropology of Upland Laos." Highlander: Journal of Highland Asia 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/thj.v1.2019.4186.
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When travelling across Houaphan province in upland north-eastern Laos in 2010, I took with me a copy of James Scott’s (2009) Art of Not Being Governed. This thought-provoking book offered fresh perspectives to exploring this ‘Zomian’ landscape and its ethnolinguistically diverse population. Indeed a historical frontier zone of refuge and opportunity, Houaphan’s forested mountains always constituted an escape option for people facing (Siamese, Vietnamese, lowland Lao, or French colonial) imperial interventions (Boutin 1937; Tappe 2015). Even today, the different ethnic groups of Houaphan demonstrate a wide range of flexible livelihoods such as swidden cultivation that carried them through times of crisis and war at the margins of lowland state formations, often seeking creative ways to keep state authorities at bay.
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Bonati, Antonio, Annalisa Franco, Orsola Coppola, and Giuseppina de Luca. "Strengthening of Masonry Structures: Current National and International Approaches for Qualification and Design." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.501.
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The strong seismic events that have occurred in Italy during the past few years have shown the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry structures all over the country. The growing interest in the use of composite materials as a fast and effective way for structural strengthening pushed Italian public authorities to define common rules for qualification and design. Different guidelines are being developed at the national, but also at the international level, considering the different composite systems currently present on the market, generally constituted by continuous fibres in the form of fabrics or meshes embedded in a polymeric or inorganic matrix. The paper will summarize and compare the various assessment and design approaches of the composite system, highlighting the different aspects which characterize national and international procedures of certification.
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Lo, Sonny. "Hong Kong in 2020." Asian Survey 61, no. 1 (January 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.1.34.
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Due to Beijing’s deep concern about its national security being undermined in Hong Kong, where the anti-extradition protests from June to December 2019 not only challenged the legitimacy of both the central and Hong Kong governments but also constituted an attempt at initiating a “color revolution,” a national security law was enacted in late June 2020. The new law aims at demonstrating its immediate deterrent effects on protestors and dissidents by empowering the Hong Kong authorities to pursue suspected offenders. The results were the escape, arrest, and imprisonment of some local political activists. The year 2020 marked the immediate impacts of the national security law on Hong Kong’s political development, resulting in the territory’s truncated autonomy and exerting controls over the society, education, and the judiciary.
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Hopkins, John. "Former head of foreign state–extradition–immunity." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 3 (November 1999): 461–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399213013.
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SENATOR Pinochet, former President of Chile, when undergoing medical treatment in London, was arrested on warrants issued by Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrates. The authorities of Spain had sought his extradition to Spain to stand trial, principally, for his allegedly having authorised, when President of Chile, the torture in Chile of many persons, including Spanish citizens. Pinochet challenged the warrants by way of judicial review proceedings; the Divisional Court quashed them by certiorari on the ground that, as former head of State, he was immune from the jurisdiction of the English courts. The House of Lords allowed an appeal in part by a bare majority (Lords Nicholls and Steyn with whom Lord Hoffmann concurred, Lords Slynn and Lloyd dissenting: R. v. Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex p. Pinochet [1998] 2 W.L.R. 825, henceforth Pinochet (1)). That ruling was set aside “on the ground that the Committee was not properly constituted” (ex p. Pinochet (No. 2) [1999] 1 All E.R. 577); a rehearing of the appeal took place before a differently constituted Judicial Committee (ex p. Pinochet (No. 3) [1999] 2 W.L.R. 827). It, by a large majority (Lords Browne-Wilkinson, Hope, Hutton, Saville, Millett and Phillips, Lord Goff dissenting), also allowed the appeal in part.
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Kunikowska, Anita. "Two Orthodox Churches (the Old and the New) of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in Kalisz." Ikonotheka 27 (July 10, 2018): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2321.
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The Kalisz Orthodox church from the 1870s (Fig. 1) was demolished in the interwar period and quickly replaced by a “new” Orthodox church by the same name (Fig. 6). The surviving official correspondence reveals a specific set of arguments for the dismantling of the “old” church, e.g. that it was becoming dilapidated, was a threat to public safety and constituted an alien addition to the architectural landscape of the city. The demolition of the Orthodox church was to provide jobs for the unemployed and to open up the possibility of erecting a post office in that spot. The municipal authorities convinced the Ministry of Culture and Art that the local Orthodox parish was not interested in reclaiming the church for their own needs, even though this was not the case. The community ultimately conceded to having the church dismantled but demanded that a new temple be erected as compensation. The example of Kalisz aptly illustrates the attitude the authorities of the Second Republic of Poland had towards Russian Orthodox churches that had been erected in the partition period. The situation mirrored the controversies around the fate of the Orthodox church in Saski Square in Warsaw, if in a more provincial environment. The architectural style of the “new” Orthodox church in Kalisz puzzles many authors – the building, clearly representative of Russian historicism, is associated with Rundbogenstil and Latin- and Occidental-style Orthodox churches, which were spared by the interwar Polish authorities who wished to convert Orthodox citizens to Catholicism within the framework of the so-called neo-Union.
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Iheanacho, S. B. C., E. E. Ikpeme, and Idris A. Saba. "Eradication of Cultism in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions through Active Participation in Sport." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 3, no. 1 (April 2, 2013): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i1.3381.
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This paper focuses on sport as panacea for cultism in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The vices that stigmatized the tertiary institutions today are traceable to the uncontrolled behaviour of students. School authorities and concerned government over the years have applied measures to check the excesses of students in tertiary institutions without noticeable success. Sports stand to provide the needed solution to these linger problems of cultism in tertiary institutions. Sports is perceived as wholesome pursuits for students in tertiary institution which channel their thinking and disposition toward worthwhile goal. Sports provide students the opportunity to cultivate sportsmanship qualities, which is necessary for school discipline. The paper focused on the educational values of sports to include self discipline and control, obedience to and co-operation with constituted authorities among others. Similarly, sports provide students with safety value of letting off excessive energies, which ordinarily could have been mischievously channeled towards acts that are opposed to school discipline. The sports programme organization in schools were highlighted the components of a sound sports programmes in Nigerian te rtiary institutions from which students can benefit in building up desirable behaviour were also discussed. Finally, recommendations were made on how participation in sports by students can help solve the problems of cultism activities in tertiary institutions.
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Vilches, Gerardo. "Satirical Panels against Censorship." European Comic Art 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/eca.2018.110203.
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In mid-1970s Spain, many new satirical magazines featured a strong political stance opposing Francisco Franco’s regime and in favour of democracy. Magazines with a significant amount of comics-based content constituted a space for political and social critics, as humour allowed them to go further than other media. However, legal authorities tried to censor and punish them. This article analyses the relationship between the Spanish satirical press and censorship and focuses on the difficulties their publishers and authors encountered in expressing their criticism of the country’s social changes. Various cartoonists have been interviewed, and archival research carried out. In-depth analysis of the magazines’ contents is used to gain an overview of a political and social period in recent Spanish history, in which the satirical press uniquely tackled several issues.
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Thompson, D. G. "General Ricci and the Suppression of the Jesuit Order in France 1760–4." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37, no. 3 (July 1986): 426–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900021485.
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The issue in the series of crises leading to the suppression of the Jesuit order in France in 1764 was the absolute obedience owed under the Jesuit Institute by every French Jesuit to the superior general of the Society of Jesus resident in Rome. On the eve of the suppression, the French law courts and the Crown reasoned that Jesuit subjects of the king of France ought not to owe such obedience to a foreign superior living on foreign soil. In the eyes of the secular authorities, the French Jesuits' connection with their superior general constituted a threat to the security of the French state. Initially, most French Jesuit leaders accepted this point of view and tried to come to an accommodation with the state which would have loosened their ties to the general.
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TEEUWEN, DANIËLLE. "Collections for the poor: monetary charitable donations in Dutch towns, c. 1600–1800." Continuity and Change 27, no. 2 (July 23, 2012): 271–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416012000136.
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ABSTRACTIn many localities in the Dutch Republic, charitable collections were the single largest source of income for relief institutions for the outdoor poor. This article takes into account both the role of the authorities organising collections and the role of the city-dwellers making charitable donations. It is demonstrated that people from almost all layers of urban society contributed to the collections. By means of thorough planning and exerting social pressure, religious and secular administrators of poor relief tried to maximise Dutch generosity. They presented making charitable donations as a duty of the rich as well as of the less well-off. In the Dutch Republic, not only the elites, but also the middling groups of society, who approximately constituted almost half of the urban population, were of vital importance in financing poor relief.
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Guryanova, Natalya S. "Authority and the “Canon of Sacred Texts”, Created by Opponents of Church Reform." History 19, no. 8 (2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-8-35-44.
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The article studies the conflict between secular and church authorities over the collection of extracts from ancient manuscripts and early printed books that were found by the defenders of the Old Belief in order to prove a violation of the tradition of the Russian Church as a result of the reform of the rite and liturgical practice. Quotes from the Holy Scripture, patristic tradition, and writings of church writers constituted the “canon of sacred texts” for the Old Believers, which was, in their opinion, equivalent to the Holy Scripture. Fragments of texts systematized according to the subjects were copied and distributed as manuscripts. By the importance of the problem to overcome schism secular and church authorities joined forces to solve it. This was especially evident in the activities of the Moscow Council of Russian Orthodox Church in 1681–1682. An analysis of the Council Decree allowed us to conclude that in the Proposal to the Council Feodor III Alexeyevich very precisely outlined the jeopardy of the “canon of sacred texts”. The monarch expressed worry of secular authorities about the distribution of manuscripts that increased the influence of Old Believers. In the Response of the Council, it was decided to stop the spread of “false letters” and do it together with the secular authorities. The article draws attention to the fact that the result of efforts of secular authorities was the execution of some Old Believers’ leaders. The church also did not stand aside and published Uvet Duhovnyi. The article shows, what position the author took with respect to the “canon of sacred texts” and how it reflected in his text. It is concluded that Archbishop Afanasy tried to convince readers that the Old Believer`s manuscripts, “bogomerzkie pisanye tetradki” (heretical handwritten notes), which contained extracts from the Holy Scripture and patristic tradition, had nothing in common with the true meaning of sources. Consequently, they could not argue the deviation of the reformers from the tradition of the Russian Church. The Archbishop Afanasy insisted that only “madness” could explain the doctrine of the defenders of the Old Belief.
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Schlembach, Christopher. "Don Quixote and the social system: Interpreting Ronald Laing’s concept of ontological insecurity from Alfred Schütz’ and Talcott Parsons’ theories of social action." Journal of Classical Sociology 20, no. 3 (April 24, 2019): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x19844340.
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Alfred Schütz and Talcott Parsons, two towering authorities of Weberian social thought are rarely interpreted in the same theoretical perspective (with the exception of Harold Garfinkel). This article intends to show that Schütz’s later writings about the constitution of social reality in the pluralized and differentiated modern society and Parsons’s concept of the social system converge with reference to their common problem of understanding interaction. In this article, I use Ronald Laing’s psychiatric thought of the early 1960s as a starting point to discuss some of the points of intersection between Schütz and Parsons. Laing argued that psychosis is not a phenomenon of the individual mind. Rather it must be understood in terms of an interaction system that is constituted by doctor and patient. The patient cannot maintain ego borders strong enough to establish a role-based social relationship and feels ontologically insecure. It is necessary to understand the patient in his existential position which constitutes his self as a kind of role. Schütz and Parsons reflected on similar interaction systems. Schütz analyzed the little social system that is established between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza; Parsons addressed the social system between doctor and patient. It is argued that Schütz and Parsons analyzed the conditions under which a social system can be established, but they also look at its breakdown leading to the situation as described by Laing.
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Broński, Krzysztof. "The policy of national and state authorities in the scope of counteracting vagrancy in Galicia in the period of autonomy – an outline of issues." Galicja. Studia i materiały 6 (2020): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/galisim.2020.6.1.
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The phenomenon of vagrancy in Galicia constituted a serious social and economic problem, which is now neglected in historiography. The aim of the article is to start a discussion about the issues related to counteracting this phenomenon in Galicia in the era of autonomy. The subject is the analysis of legal regulations and the organisational and financial activity to reduce vagrancy undertaken by the authorities at that time. The study presents an outline of the regulations of the National Parliament in the scope of compulsory deportation of vagrants as well as the a scale of compulsory deportation of vagrants to gminas where they had the right of belonging and the expenses of the national budget. Institutional and organisational solutions were also discussed, starting from those reducing vagrancy and ending with those preventing it. In particular, the study addresses the issue of creation of houses of compulsory labour and reform centers, stations supplying in kind and employment agencies.
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Grzybowski, Jerzy. "Polskie cywilne duszpasterstwo prawosławne w Niemczech Zachodnich w latach 1945–1951." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 9 (July 14, 2016): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8270.
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The article discusses the history of the formation and activity of the Polish orthodox chaplaincy in the three western occupation zones of Germany after World War II. At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of refugees from Poland in the area. In terms of religion they constituted a mosaic. The followers of the Orthodox Church were the second largest group after the Catholics. The authorities of the Republic of Poland in exile felt obliged to provide these people with religious care. Led by Archbishop Sawa (Sowietov), priests carried out the ministry in Germany. The author has analyzed the political and social conditions in which the structures of the Polish Orthodox Church in refugee camps in West Germany were organized and functioned. The author has also presented the influence of the ethnic factor on the activity of the Polish Orthodox clergy.
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Zhu, Kong Guo, and Ji Liang Teng. "Applied Technology in Analysis of Status Quo of Academic Theses Duplicate Checking of China and the Treatment Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.405.
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applied technology has become more and more popular in plagiarism detection, but the actual results to prevent the plagiarism like duplicate are unsatisfactory. This paper constituted a analytical frame using game theory to rethink about basic features and status quo of duplicate checking, roundly researched the pursuit of relevant participants. It pointed out asymmetric information is an important factor in the duplicate checking.In addition,investigation cost and inappropriate management mechanism also lead to the relevant departments wouldn't check the fraud. Namely, the government shouldn't carry out strict supervision, but moderate supervision. And then the participant try to make the competent authorities unaware of the fraud. As a result, the aim of supervision isn't to stop all plagiarism, but to limit academic dishonesty to some extent. Finally, some valuable suggestions against plagiarism and applied technology were prompted.
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Heiss, Claudia, and Patricio Navia. "You Win Some, You Lose Some: Constitutional Reforms in Chile's Transition to Democracy." Latin American Politics and Society 49, no. 03 (2007): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00386.x.
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AbstractChile's 1989 constitutional reforms constituted a trade-off: the military gave up protected democracy provisions but acquired greater autonomy. The democratic opposition could accept or reject, but not modify, constitutional changes proposed by the outgoing dictatorship. This study addresses a very limited time period in the transition to democracy: the moment after the transition has been secured and transitional rules have been established. The dynamics of this period differ markedly from those in the larger democratic transition. The approach in this study complements alternative explanations of why the 1989 reforms benefited the outgoing dictatorship more than the incoming democratic government. Although the outgoing regime granted several opposition demands by reducing restrictions on political pluralism and eliminating barriers to political party activity, it also secured provisions that made the military more independent of civilian authorities than originally conceived in the 1980 Constitution.
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de Wilde, Marc. "Emergency powers and constitutional change in the late Middle Ages." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 83, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2015): 26–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08312p03.
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This article gives an account of late medieval theories and practices of emergency powers. More particularly, it examines the relation between emergency powers and constitutional change. It thus seeks to explain how, in the course of the 13th and 14th centuries, European rulers began using their emergency powers to gradually expand their fiscal and legislative competences at the expense of local authorities and the church. As is demonstrated in this article, it was essentially the normalization of emergency powers that made the transition towards a more centralized government possible. This can be explained by a combination of factors, including the government’s claim to an exclusive right to judge what constituted a public necessity, the new focus on prevention and preparation for future necessities, and the increasing identification of necessity with more general claims to ‘public utility’ and the ‘common welfare’.
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Sánchez Cano, María Jesús, and Yeray Romero Matute. "Circunstancias que impiden o condicionan la adopción: el alcance de la denominada “cláusula chadiana” = Circumstances that prevent or condition the adoption: the scope of the so-called “chadian clause”." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 11, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2019.4666.
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Resumen: A raíz del caso de la ONG francesa “El Arca de Zoé” y su tentativa de traslado ilícito a Francia de 103 menores, supuestamente huérfanos de la guerra del Chad, el legislador español incorporó en el art.4 LAI la denominada “cláusula chadiana”. Se trata de una serie de condiciones que inciden en la tramitación de la adopción y que sólo vinculan a las autoridades españolas. No obstante, cabe preguntarse si tales circunstancias pueden repercutir igualmente en el sector de la eficacia de las adopciones constituidas por las autoridades de un país respecto del cual rige una de las prohibiciones o condicionamientos previstos en este precepto.Palabras clave: “cláusula chadiana”, Ley de Adopción Internacional, adopción internacionalAbstract: Following the case of the French NGO “Zoé´s Ark” and its attempted illicit transfer to France of 103 children, supposedly orphans of the Chadian war, the Spanish legislator incorporated into the art.4 LAI the so-called “chadian clause”. This is a series of conditions that affect the processing of adoption and are linked to the Spanish authorities. However, it is questionable whether the circumstances can also affect the sector of the effectiveness of adoptions constituted by the authorities of a country to which one of the prohibitions or conditions provided in this precept.Keywords: “chadian clause”, The Intercountry Adoption Act, Intercountry Adoption
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Yamada, Masamichi. "The Dynastic Seal and Ninurta's Seal: preliminary remarks on sealing by the local authorities of Emar." Iraq 56 (1994): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900002813.
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It has been argued that the city elders constituted a certain institution of urban authorities in the Syro-Palestinian kingdoms in the Late Bronze Age, such as Alalaḫ, Ugarit and the Canaanite city-kingdoms of the Amarna period. While subordinate to the royal palace, as representatives of a city-community they were frequently involved in political, economic and legal affairs in the state administration. Now new sources on this issue have been provided from the eastern part of this region, i.e. Emar (Meskene-Qadime) on the Middle Euphrates.The recently published texts from Emar and its vicinity reveal that it was a kingdom under vassalage of the Hittite empire from the 13th to the early 12th century B.C. The Emar dynasty in this period has been reconstructed as having the following five reigning kings for four generations: Iasi-Dagan,dIM(Ba'lu/Adad)-kabar, Zū-Aštarti, Pilsu-Dagan and Elli. Besides the kings, the city elders of Emar were also involved in real estate sales, legal agreements and religious ceremonies.Their close association with the city god Ninurta in real estate sales is particularly noteworthy. They frequently sell houses, fields, etc., under their joint ownership. For example,EmarVI 126: 8–14 reads: “From Ninurta and the elders of Emar (dNIN.URTAùLÙ.MEŠ.ši-bu-utURU.e-mar.KI), the owners of the house, Ḫimaši-Dagan, son of Ilu-malik, has bought the house for 1,000 (shekels) of silver, the full price”. According to the stipulation concerning the payment of fines, one who should lay claim to the house is to pay 1,000 shekels of silver to “Ninurta” (1. 19) and the “city (URU.KI)” (1. 20), respectively. This suggests that the terms “elders” and “city” are interchangeable and thus it has been assumed that the elders were representatives of the city-community of Emar. On the other hand, it is interesting to note that, though only once, “Ninurta” is also paraphrased by the city of “Emar”.
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Hoole, Charlotte, and Stephen Hincks. "Performing the city-region: Imagineering, devolution and the search for legitimacy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 8 (April 28, 2020): 1583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20921207.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides new conceptual and empirical insights into the role city-regions play as part of a geopolitical strategy deployed by the nation state to enact its own interests, in conversation with local considerations. Emphasis falls on the performative roles of economic models and spatial-economic imaginaries in consolidating and legitimising region-building efforts and the strategies and tactics employed by advocates to gain credibility and traction for their chosen imaginaries. We focus on the Sheffield City Region and Doncaster within it (South Yorkshire, England) drawing on 56 in-depth interviews with local policymakers, civic institutions and private sector stakeholders conducted between 2015 and 2018. In doing so, we identify three overlapping phases in the building of the Sheffield City Region: a period of initial case-making to build momentum behind the Sheffield City Region imaginary; a second of concerted challenge from alternative imaginaries; and a third where the Sheffield City Region was co-constituted alongside the dominant alternative One Yorkshire imaginary. Our work suggests that the city-region imaginary has gained traction and sustained momentum as national interests have closed down local resistance to the Sheffield City Region. This has momentarily locked local authorities into a preferred model of city-regional devolution but, in playing its hand, central government has exposed city-region building as a precarious fix where alternative imaginaries simply constitute a ‘deferred problem’ for central government going forward.
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Dutta, Uttaran, and Mohan Jyoti Dutta. "Songs of the Bauls: Voices from the Margins as Transformative Infrastructures." Religions 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10050335.
Full textAbstract:
Bauls, the rural minstrels who sing songs of transformation, are a socio-economically and politico-religiously marginalized cultural population from rural Bengal (both from eastern and north-eastern, India and from Bangladesh). They identify themselves outside of any organized religion or established caste system in India, and therefore are constituted at the margins of contemporary global South. Voicing through their songs and narratives of emancipation, they interrogate and criticize material and symbolic inequalities and injustices such as discrimination and intolerance (including class and caste hierarchies, and other forms of disparities) perpetuated by hegemonic authorities and religious institutions. Embracing a critical communication lens, this paper pays attention to material and discursive marginalization of Bauls and Fakirs, foregrounding voice as an anchor to communicative interrogation of structural and cultural inequalities. Through voice, Bauls and Fakirs foreground reflexive spiritual and humane practices that raise societal consciousness and cultivate polymorphic possibilities.
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GAGNÉ, GILBERT, and FRANÇOIS ROCH. "The US–Canada softwood lumber dispute and the WTO definition of subsidy." World Trade Review 7, no. 3 (June 27, 2008): 547–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745608003972.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the softwood lumber dispute, the United States argues that Canada's forestry practices, especially the fees charged by provincial governments to private firms to harvest trees on public lands (stumpage rights), result in undue subsidization of Canadian lumber. Within the World Trade Organization, the concept of subsidy is defined as a ‘government financial contribution’ that confers a ‘benefit’ on firms and that is ‘specific’. In US–Softwood Lumber IV, the WTO authorities ruled that stumpage rights were specific and constituted a financial contribution through the provision of a good (timber). However, in order to demonstrate whether and to what extent these rights confer a benefit on lumber producers, the United States still has to ensure that its methodology to assess the ‘adequacy of remuneration’ is compatible with WTO provisions and to conduct a satisfactory ‘pass-through’ analysis of the alleged input stumpage subsidy to unrelated downstream lumber producers.
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Hamilton, Bernard. "Perfection and Pragmatism: Cathar Attitudes to the Household." Studies in Church History 50 (2014): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400001662.
Full textAbstract:
When the Cathar Church was first established in southern France in the twelfth century it was generally tolerated by the secular authorities. At that time its hierarchy recognized only one type of Cathar household, which consisted of single-sex communities of initiated members known as ‘the perfect’. After the introduction of the Papal Inquisition in Languedoc in 1233, the Cathar Church was systematically persecuted and one consequence of this was that its leaders’ conception of what constituted a Cathar household became diversified. The traditional households of the perfect retained their central place in Cathar life, but the hierarchy also recognized a new type of Cathar household. This consisted of families of committed believers and their dependants, whose work was seen to be vital to the survival of their Church. This essay examines how this change in attitude came about and what its practical consequences were for Catharism.
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SNEERINGER, JULIA. "Sites of Corruption, Sites of Liberation: Hamburg-St. Pauli and the Contested Spaces of Early Rock'n’Roll." Contemporary European History 26, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777316000588.
Full textAbstract:
Rock'n'roll emerged in Hamburg in the unique spatial context of St. Pauli's entertainment district during a new phase of capitalist modernity around 1960 that granted youth unprecedented access to commercial venues catering to their new economic power. Crossing class, regional and national lines, young people used spaces free of parental supervision to create alternatives to the era's sexual conservatism and social conformity. This new youth presence worried local authorities: minors had to be shielded from the commercialised vice that was St. Pauli's stock in trade. This set up clashes between police, city officials, business leaders and social welfare agents on the one side, and club entrepreneurs and music fans on the other. Confrontations between these two camps constituted struggles over social discipline, youths’ right to public and commercial space, the meanings of democracy and the sexual morality of youth in a place known for license and excess.
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Шаранец and Monika zaraniec. "Legal Nature of Supervisory Instruments above the Financial Market in the EU — Chosen Issues." Administration 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5641.
Full textAbstract:
In the article taken analysis of character of supervisory instruments was as part of uni-form financial markets
the EU applied by EU organs of the supervision. To the end of 2010 the supervision of financial markets
constituted the control domain of Member States in the financial, procedural and organizational aspect.
At present European Sys-tem of Financial Supervisors (ESFS) and organs acting in his structures of the
EU su-pervision have a right to issuing decisions of superintendents directly binding supervised entities,
that is organs of the supervision and financial institutions acting on the market. A possibility of drawing
up by European Supervisiory Authorities (ESA) is a special standard solution of projects binding technical
standards (BTS) being subject to approving by the European Commission and having a power of direct
being applicable in all Member States.
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GAUTIER, LAURENCE. "A Laboratory for a Composite India? Jamia Millia Islamia around the time of partition." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 199–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x18000161.
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AbstractThis article explores the role of Jamia Millia Islamia—the National Muslim University—in the formation of a composite national identity in India around the time of partition. This institution, born under the dual influence of the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements, constituted for its members a ‘laboratory’ for the nation. Through their educational experiments and constructive workà laGandhi, Jamia teachers and students sought to lay the ground for an independence that would be ‘meaningful’ not only for Muslims but for the entire nation. In so doing, Jamia members claimed the right for Muslims to be recognized as ‘unhyphenated Indians’, able to speak for the nation. This article thus discusses the efforts of Jamia members to promote an inclusive conception of ‘composite India’ of which Muslims were fully part. At the same time, it highlights the ambiguous attitude of government authorities vis-à-vis the institution. Despite Jamia members’ strong affinities with Congress leaders, notably Nehru, the school received little support from state authorities after independence. Paradoxically, Nehru's government preferred to turn towards another Muslim institution—Aligarh Muslim University—often considered the ‘cradle’ of ‘Muslim separatism’, in order to reach out to Muslim citizens and promote national integration. By exploring the motivations behind this paradoxical choice as well as the complex relations between Jamia and Nehru's government, this article highlights some of Nehru's own ambiguities towards the ‘Gandhian’ legacy as well as to Muslim representation in secular India.
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Wierzejska, Jagoda. "A Domestic Space: The Central and Eastern Carpathians in the Polish Tourist and Local Lore Discourse, 1918–1939." Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo, no. 9(12) cz.1 (July 4, 2019): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/pflit.106.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents various ways of ideologization of the Central (Boyko and Lemko regions) and Eastern (Hutsul region) Carpathians in interwar Poland. After the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919), that part of the Carpathian mountain range was situated in the Second Polish Republic. In contrast to the Tatras, which played the role of Polish national landscape, the Carpathians were alien to Poles in terms of ethnicity and culture. Thus, the Polish authorities, as well as touristic and local lore organizations, sought and largely managed to transform these mountains into a domestic landscape, which was no center of national identity but constituted an important spot on the mental map of the Polish national community, recognized as an undeniable part of Polish statehood. The article shows how the exoticization of the Carpathians, state holidays, and the development of state-funded mass tourism resulted in the increased sense of familiarity between Polish lowlanders and highlanders and, consequently, the symbolic inscription of the Carpathians into the Polish domain and common imagination.
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Walch, Teresa. "Just West of East: The Paradoxical Place of the Theresienstadt Ghetto in Policy and Perception." Naharaim 14, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/naha-2020-2001.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWhen German authorities established the Theresienstadt Ghetto for Bohemian and Moravian Jews in late 1941, the site initially functioned much like other ghettos and transit camps at the time, as a mere way station to sites of extermination further East. The decision to reconfigure the ghetto as a site of internment for select “privileged” groups of Jews from Germany and Western Europe, and its advertisement as a “Jewish settlement” in Nazi propaganda, constituted an apparent paradox for a regime that sought to make the Greater German Reich “judenrein” (clean of Jews). This article investigates the Theresienstadt Ghetto from a historical-spatial perspective and argues that varying prejudices and degrees of antisemitism shaped divergent “spatial solutions” to segregate Jews from non-Jews, wherein the perceived divide between so-called “Ostjuden” and assimilated Western Jews played a central role. In this analysis, Theresienstadt emerges as a logical culmination to paradoxical policies designed to segregate select groups of German and assimilated Western European Jews.
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Lyons, Martyn. "Prison Letters: Spain Confronts Its Past." European Journal of Life Writing 7 (March 28, 2018): LWFB80—LWFB87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.7.244.
Full textAbstract:
In post-Franco Spain, the families of the regime’s victims, as well as other republican supporters, have not only struggled to recover the bodies of victims of the repression, but also have tried to recover a lost historical memory after years of imposed silence. Véronica Sierra Blas’s new study of Franco’s prisoners (there were approximately 280,000 of them) aims to give recognition and some human dignity to their obscure fate. This article offers a critical discussion of her study of a corpus of about 1500 letters written by prisoners during the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Francoist repression. They include petitions to the authorities, messages secretly smuggled out of jail, and the ‘chapel letters’ written by condemned prisoners on the eve of their execution. Many of the latter were designed to be made public for propaganda purposes. This article suggests that as those condemned to execution reviewed their lives, their final farewells constituted a form of life writing in the face of certain death.
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Antonów, Dobrosława. "Unifikacja opłat stemplowych w okresie rządów sanacji — ustawa z dnia 1 lipca 1926 roku o opłatach stemplowych." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.40.4.8.
Full textAbstract:
THE UNIFICATION OF STAMP DUTIES DURING THE PERIOD OF PIŁSUDSKI’S RULE: THE LAW ON STAMP DUTIES OF 1 JULY 1926The law on stamp duties of 1 July 1926 is an important law of the interwar period in Poland. It was passed in the period of Piłsudski and his adherents’ rule. This law constituted the act of unification of stamp duties after regaining independence by Poland. It replaced more than several dozen other legal instruments, on the basis of which different public duties, recognized as stamp duties, were charged. The law was systematic in character, it included many public duties connected with economic turnover and activity of the state authorities, as well as material and procedural regulation. This law played an important role in the development of Polish finance when it was in effect and it also influenced the historical evolution of current public duties, stamp duty and tax of civil law activities among others.
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Sweeney, Jill, Kathy Mee, Pauline McGuirk, and Kristian Ruming. "Assembling placemaking: making and remaking place in a regenerating city." cultural geographies 25, no. 4 (June 3, 2018): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474018778560.
Full textAbstract:
Placemaking is increasingly drawn upon by planners, city authorities and citizens as a means of reclaiming, remaking and regenerating urban space. Yet understandings of placemaking and the work it may entail can vary markedly. Often, planning discourse and placemaking literature conceive of placemaking as a singular material change to a landscape, a project that is complete once installation has finished. In contrast, we see placemaking as an open-ended achievement, constituted through diverse and dynamic assemblages and realised through a multiplicity of post-installation labours. We draw on a case study of Newcastle, Australia, to highlight these labours, the affective, contingent work which brings together the human and non-human, the material and social, and the enduring and ephemeral, to make place. Through three citizen-led placemaking projects in Newcastle, we elucidate the importance of these assembling labours and argue for a more nuanced understanding of placemaking, its multiple and sometimes transient outcomes, and the role diverse placemaking efforts may play in regenerating the city.
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Wood, C. "The Utility of the UK Pollution Panels in Achieving Integrated Pollution Control." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070001.
Full textAbstract:
The nature of the pollution process predicates a need to integrate the activities of the different bodies engaged in controlling environmental pollution. In Britain, it has been suggested that integrated control (the best practicable environmental option—BPEO) could be achieved by local liaison in the form of pollution panels. Because pollution panels have general aims, are usually large, do not usually include all the relevant control authorities, meet infrequently, and cover only 11% of the districts of England and Wales, and because industrial members are reluctant to discuss their affairs in ‘public’, it is concluded that they are not, as presently constituted, the appropriate bodies to implement the BPEO concept. Some of the pollution panels have, however, created the ‘climate of opinion’ and the informal contacts which would enable specific BPEO cases to be discussed by technical working groups drawn mainly from the panel's membership. Nevertheless, informal local liaison does not appear to be a particularly promising method of achieving integrated pollution control.
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Dumitrescu, Lucian. "Writing “Eastness”: Romania and the Conundrum of Regionness in the Black Sea Area." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402199834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244021998345.
Full textAbstract:
The article sets out to explore how Romanian authorities have struggled to get rid of the border country syndrome through subregional initiatives in the Black Sea area once Romania joined the Euro-Atlantic community. The article examines how such subregional policies have performatively constituted Romania’s strategic identity in the area. Formally, all the subregional initiatives that the article addresses have drawn on an institutional logic of security. Informally, though, they promoted a geopolitical vision of security. Such a logic has sharply conflicted with the underlying security philosophy of both the European Union and other successful subregional initiatives in the area. Thus, instead of improving Romania’s level of regionness, these subregional policies have ended up creating more dividing lines in an already strained security environment. The article draws on David Campbell’s political criticism and shows how Romania’s security practices in the Black Sea area, instead of instilling Europeanness into the country’s strategic identity, have ended up reinforcing its “Eastness.”
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OMODEO, PIETRO DANIEL, SEBASTIANO TREVISANI, and SENTHIL BABU. "BENEDETTO CASTELLI’S CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAGOON OF VENICE: MATHEMATICAL EXPERTISE AND HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY VENICE." Earth Sciences History 39, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 420–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-39.2.420.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This paper deals with the geoenvironmental politics of early-modern Venice as a case study of geological agency that enlightens the entanglements of geo-history and human history. It focuses on a controversy that was sparked by Galileo’s pupil Benedetto Castelli, as he claimed that his mathematical treatment of running waters could solve all of the most urgent problems linked to the management of the Lagoon of Venice. From an epistemological viewpoint, the controversy is relevant as a case of clashing ‘styles of thought’, as it constituted a disciplinary conflict that pitted Galileian physico-mathematical abstraction (which resulted from the isolation of a set of quantifiable data) against ‘geological’ concreteness (a form of comprehensive knowledge which aimed to cope with systemic complexity). Castelli was not able to convince the Venetian authorities that his method could solve the main problems relative to the conservation of the lagoon at a time when its depth and navigability were worryingly diminishing. While the Venetian authorities invested in diverting rivers away from the lagoon to reduce sediment supply, Castelli argued, to the contrary, that it was precisely the diversion of the rivers that caused shoaling because of the loss of the great quantity of water discharged by the rivers, which he accurately calculated. His analytical approach was dismissive of the comprehensive knowledge and complex methods that Venetian water experts and engineers had developed towards a systemic understanding of the hydrogeology and the environment of the lagoon with the active involvement of citizens and fishermen in the assessment of the state of the waters.
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Murray, Bruce K. "“Battered and Shattered”: Lloyd George and the 1914 Budget Fiasco." Albion 23, no. 3 (1991): 483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051113.
Full textAbstract:
In June 1914 David Lloyd George, Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer, capitulated to opposition from within his own party and withdrew from the Budget for 1914–15 his proposals to revise the system of Exchequer grants to local authorities and to establish land value rating. Withdrawal was a considerable political humiliation for Lloyd George. “His stock stands low in the party,” commented his friend, Lord Riddell, in his diary. “The Budget has been a fiasco.” What went wrong with the 1914 Budget is the concern of this article.Lloyd George's 1914 Budget incorporated two distinct strategies. The first comprised a fiscal strategy designed to provide in a single “taxing” Budget for the needs of both the Navy and the reorganization of local government finance and taxation. The second constituted part of a wider political strategy intended to furnish a reform program that would enable the Liberals to make a powerful progressive appeal at the next general election, due by the end of 1915. The first was supposed to serve the second, but in the event had the opposite result. It prompted Lloyd George to abandon his original plan of building up to a major reform Budget in 1915 and to proceed instead to include in the 1914 Budget “provisional” grants to local authorities before he had prepared the groundwork, administratively, legislatively or politically, for a new system of grants and rating. At all levels, the enterprise was premature, and simply presented a group of discontented wealthy Liberals in the Commons with the opportunity to stage an effective protest against the direction of Liberal finance.
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Pillai, Sheeba. "Right to Education under European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950." Christ University Law Journal 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2012): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12728/culj.1.7.
Full textAbstract:
Right to education is one of the most important human rights and has been widely so acknowledged in several international and regional documents related to human rights. These documents have defined the right in an
elaborate manner placing a lot of emphasis on compulsory elementary education and thereby making it obligatory on the states to provide the same and also guarantee equality of accessibility of education at higher levels. The European Convention on Human Rights 1950 has guaranteed the right to education in Article 2 of Protocol 1.Unlike the International Covenant on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 or the other
regional documents, the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 has not defined the right to education in an elaborate manner, in the document. Thus, the burden of making the right to education more resourceful fell
largely upon the shoulders of the enforcement mechanism, they being European Court and European Commission of Human Rights, both constituted by the Convention. This article makes an analysis of the right to education as interpreted by these two authorities.
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Misiak, Małgorzata. "Łemkowie — tylko „inni” czy aż „obcy”?" Kształcenie Językowe 16 (October 8, 2018): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1642-5782.16(26).5.
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The Lemkos — just others or no less than strangersThe Lemkos are a group of Ruthenian population, whose history is closely linked with that of Poland. Historically, they emerged as a fully distinct ethnographic entity in the Polish Carpathians, that is within the Polish state. The article is an attempt to answer the question: how are the Lemkos perceived by the Poles, who for centuries have constituted their natural social and national milieu? There is no doubt that the Lemkos differ from the Poles in their customs, language and religion. But are they strangers? In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the Polish gentry regarded the Ruthenians living in the Commonwealth as part of the Polish community. In the Second Polish Republic they enjoyed all the rights of Polish citizens. Shortly after the war, in 1944–1947, they were forcibly moved by the communist authorities from their little homeland in the Beskid Mountains. Today, as surveys conducted among the Poles show, the Lemkos are a group practically unknown to ordinary Poles.
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Jayasinghe, Kelum, Christine M. Kenney, Raj Prasanna, and Jerry Velasquez. "Enacting “accountability in collaborative governance”: lessons in emergency management and earthquake recovery from the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquakes." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-09-2019-0143.
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PurposeThe paper illustrates how accountability of collaborative governance was constituted in the context of disaster managerial work carried out by the Government, local authorities, and Maori community organisations, after the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachA case study detailing the communitarian approach to disaster recovery management by a nationalised Maori earthquake response network is contrasted with the formal emergency management infrastructure's response to the Canterbury earthquakes.FindingsCritical analysis of the effectiveness and failures of these approaches highlights the institutional and cultural political issues that hinder the institutionalization of collaborative and accountable governance in the fields of disaster risk reduction and emergency management.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the accountability research and practice in general and disaster accountability in particular by addressing a more multifaceted model of ‘accountability combined with collaborative governance’ as a way to build on and critique some of the seemingly more narrow views of accountability.Originality/valueThe study presents rare insights on the interactions between formal and community level accountability and collaborative governance in the context of New Public Governance (NPG).
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Ikpe, Marius, and Alwell Nteegah. "Macro-Econometric Modeling of Social Insecurity, Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth Association." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 1, no. 4 (October 25, 2014): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.10944.
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Social insecurity has in recent time constituted a major hurdle to the Nigeria authorities. Theoretically, it is believed to have a strong negative link with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and levels of economic growth. This in Nigeria’s context ranges from Niger Delta crises, to the un-going Boko-Haram Islamists Militants insurgency. Given paucity of empirical literature on this line of investigation into this form of socioeconomic problem, this study empirically examines the link amongst social insecurity, FDI and growth of the Nigerian economy. The study adopted the Augmented Cob-Douglas production function in its analysis, introducing the variable (social insecurity) into the FDI model and subsequently traces its impact on economic growth. Result indicates that social insecurity stimulates the inflow of foreign technology, rather than inhibit it. The paper attributes this to merging of these distinct forms of social insecurity in the study and consequently recommend an explicit examination of these forms of social insecurity-FDI association Nigeria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.10944 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 129-138
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Boadi, Samuel, Collins Ayine Nsor, Daniel Haruna Yakubu, Emmanuel Acquah, and Osei Owusu Antobre. "Conventional and Indigenous Biodiversity Conservation Approach: A Comparative Study of Jachie Sacred Grove and Nkrabea Forest Reserve." International Journal of Forestry Research 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1721024.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional managed forests and sacred groves are seldom assessed to determine their effectiveness in biodiversity conservation strategies. This study investigated tree and insect diversity in Jachie sacred grove (JSG) and Nkrabea forest reserve (NFR) in Ashanti region, Ghana. The study area constituted eight plots of 50 × 50 m along two 300 m long transects. Insects were sampled in eight pitfall traps, diagonally between the transects. Out of 150 individuals, 13 species in NFR and 15 species from JSG were registered.Celtis mildbraediiwas the most dominant species in NFR = 43.18% and JSG = 23.58%. Mean DBH showed a significant relationship with basal area in NFR and JSG. Tree diversity and richness were higher in JSG (H′= 1.43–2.3 ± 0.10;D= 1.8–3.69 ± 0.30) compared to NFR (H′= 0.86–1.56 ± 0.09;D= 1.1–2.3 ± 0.57). However, insect diversity was higher in NFR (H′= 1.34 ± 0.10) than in JSG (H′= 0.5 ± 0.005).Camponotus furvusandPachycondyla tarsatawere most abundant in JSG and NFR, respectively. These findings will help conservationists work closely with traditional authorities in protecting sacred groves as key biodiversity hotspots.