Academic literature on the topic 'Constitution de sole'
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Journal articles on the topic "Constitution de sole"
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Kowalik-Bańczyk, Krystyna. "Should We Polish It Up? The Polish Constitutional Tribunal and the Idea of Supremacy of EU Law." German Law Journal 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001436x.
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Just one year after Polish accession to the European Union, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal was provided the opportunity to clarify its position regarding the supremacy of EC and EU law. In its two recent judgments, it joined the long tradition of a rather uneasy relationship between national Constitutional Courts and European Court of Justice (ECJ). The uneasiness of this relationship results from an ever-unsolved dilemma – which of the two judicial fora should have the last word in case of conflict between European norms and national constitution norms? The solution given by European Court of Justice in a series of early judgments seems obvious. It opted for an absolute supremacy of EC norms over national norms. On the other hand, the national Constitutional Courts usually accept the supremacy of EC law - but only as a consequence of transfer of some competences under strict conditions set by national constitutions. They thus accept the concept named by Neil Walker “constitutional pluralism”, meaning that the states are no longer the sole source of constitutional authority. However, national constitutions are still the “primary” source of any such authority.
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Крусян, А. Р. "КОНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ СУД УКРАЇНИ." Наукові праці Національного університету “Одеська юридична академія” 13 (May 14, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/npnuola.v13i0.249.
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Стаття присвячена розгляду питань щодо удосконалення конституційно-правового регулювання порядку організації та діяльності Конституційного Суду України. Доводиться необхідність внесення змін до Конституції України та Закону України «Про Конституційний Суд України» з метою підвищення ефективності функціонування єдиного органу конституційної юрисдикції в Україні, що сприятиме посиленню дієвості механізмів охорони Конституції України, забезпеченню конституційної законності, захисту прав і свобод людини.
The article is devoted to the issues of improvement of the constitutional and legal regulation as to the organization and activities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The article provides the necessity of amending the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine» in order to increase the efficiency of the sole body of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine, which will enhance the effectiveness of mechanisms of the Constitution protection, ensuring the constitutional legality, protection of human rights and freedoms.
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Canavan, Francis. "The Relevance of the Burke-Paine Controversy to American Political Thought." Review of Politics 49, no. 2 (1987): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500033775.
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Thomas Paine's social-contract theory, which asserts the protection of individual rights as the sole end of civil society and the consent of the majority of individuals as the sole source of government's authority, may seem to be better suited to the democratic Constitution of the United States than Edmund Burke's theory of prescription of government. Burke's theory is based on the rational moral goals of civil society, not on the supremacy of the people's or any other will. It asserts that the natural ends of society are prior to rights as Paine and other radical democrats conceived of them and that natural obligation is prior to and controls consent. Burke can therefore afford us a more realistic interpretation of popular consent and of the Constitution as the political form that makes us a people. He also offers a useful corrective to the currently popular view of the Supreme Court's function as being primarily to protect an ever-expanding array of constitutional rights. Burke was no democrat but he may help democrats to overcome the limitations of the liberal contractarian model of society.
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Webber, Grégoire C. N. "The Unfulfilled Potential of the Court and Legislature Dialogue." Canadian Journal of Political Science 42, no. 2 (June 2009): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909090362.
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Abstract. Constitutional scholarship has been exploring the idea that the court and the legislature engage in a dialogue over the meaning of the constitution. Yet, despite many contributions to the idea of dialogue over the last decade, its potential remains unfulfilled. The epistemological potential of dialogue remains understudied, in part because the court continues to be viewed as the supreme, if not also the sole, expounder of the constitution. For dialogue's potential to be realized, the legislature should be acknowledged as a co-ordinate actor in expounding constitutional meaning and both court and legislature should assume a disposition for dialogue.Résumé. La littérature en matière constitutionnelle explore l'idée que la cour et le législateur s'engagent dans un dialogue sur le sens à donner à la constitution. Cependant, malgré les nombreuses contributions à l'idée du dialogue au cours de la dernière décennie, son potentiel ne s'est pas épanoui. Le potentiel épistémologique de l'idée du dialogue demeure sous-étudié, en partie parce que la cour continue d'être considérée comme étant l'entité suprême, sinon la seule entité, qui puisse développer le sens de la constitution. Pour que l'idée du dialogue puisse être actualisée, le législateur devrait être reconnu comme étant un acteur complémentaire à la cour pour développer le sens de la constitution et tant la cour que le législateur devraient être disposés au dialogue.
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Borz, Gabriela. "Justifying the constitutional regulation of political parties: A framework for analysis." International Political Science Review 38, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116638543.
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What are the main reasons behind the regulation of political parties by contemporary constitutional practices? This article presents a framework for analysis which identifies types of justifications and actors involved in the process of regulation and their further influence on the outcomes of constitutionalisation. The empirical focus is on the revelatory case of Luxembourg, which amended the constitution for the sole reason of giving parties constitutional status. The analysis suggests that the constitutional regulation of political parties depends on their current interests and power status. Additionally, the paper draws attention to the involvement of external actors and to the changing nature of contemporary constitutionalism.
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Nuridahwati, Zuhro. "Karakter Final Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Melaksanakan Kewenangan Sesuai Pasal 24C Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945." Jurnal Ilmiah Raad Kertha 3, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jirk.v3i1.171.
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The Constitutional Court is within the scope of the Judicial Power and occupiesa strategic position in the Indonesian constitutional structure. MK as one of the stateinstitutions that was born from the reformation in 1998. MK as a judicial institution hasa very important and strategic task, said to be the sole interpreter of the Republic ofIndonesia's state constitution. Article 24C paragraph (1), of the 1945 Constitution of theRepublic of Indonesia, the Constitutional Court has the authority to adjudicate at the firstand last level the final decision to review the law against the Constitution, to decide ondisputes over the authority of state institutions whose authority is granted by theConstitution, to decide upon the dissolution of parties politics, and decide upon disputesabout the results of general elections. The results of the study and analysis, the provisionsof the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 24 Year 2003,found legal issues that become legal problems faced by the Constitutional Court, arerelated to their position, competence, and form of decisions, which often makes legalcertainty uncertain or absurd, and conflicts norm, it is very interesting to be studied as acentral theme of the dissertation. Understanding the Position, indicating the position anddegree of the Constitutional Court between state institutions and between the SupremeCourt and the Constitutional Court, while competency shows the competency boundarybetween the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, which has attributie authority,first and foremost authority, born from the format of the government system and thedistribution of state power . Attributie authority as the first and main center forresponsibility and at the same time the basis of delegating authority in the form of delegatie.
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Haček, Miro, and Simona Kukovič. "Deliberative Democracy: The Case of Slovenia." Political Preferences, no. 27 (November 26, 2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/polpre.2020.27.5-24.
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In Europe and across the world, many countries are turning to deliberative democracy to reform their constitutions, and in many others this question is high on the political agenda. Such transformation also shuffles quite radically the role of the citizenry regarding constitutional changes. Traditionally such changes are the sole responsibility of elected officials in collaboration with experts. With the deliberative turn, many more actors may be involved in the designing of constitutions, from citizens both individually and collectively in the forms of informal associations to various civil society organisations. The main aim of this paper is to analyse potential of deliberative democracy in Slovenian national setting, therefore authors are analysing a) framework of constitution making dynamics and b) most successful deliberative democratic tools and opportunities developed so far on both national and sub-national levels of the Slovenian government. As deliberative democracy is well known political phenomenon, we will start not by yet another theoretical pandemonium, but with less-known Slovenian contribution to the global development of deliberative model.
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Drăghici, Aurelia Teodora, and Teodor Bodoașcă. "Opinions about the Power of the People and the Powers of the State in Regulating the Constitution of Romania." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0085.
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Abstract In a perspective of a long-awaited and postponed revision of the Romanian Constitution, we consider that it is necessary to reanalyze the name of the state power, given to public authorities (legislative, executive and judicial), opposite the quality of the Romanian people's sole proprietor of power in the state. Under this aspect, the current constitution materializes an obvious normative indecision and inconsistency of terminology of the constituent Legislator.Also, in the legal doctrine of the field, although there are numerous and remarkable scientific works of constitutional law, he subject, as a rule, is bypassed, and the power of the people and the powers of the state are analyzed As if the first consecration would not exclude the other, And the recognition of the latter would not question the existence of the former
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Kartika, Aditya. "PEMAKNAAN NORMA KONSTITUSI DALAM PENGUATAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH DALAM RULE MAKING FUNCTION." Arena Hukum 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01402.9.
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The existence of the House of Representatives (DPD) in including regional inputs in the form of norms has experienced polemics. These polemics include the decisions of the State Administrative Court (PTUN), the Supreme Court (MA), and the Constitutional Court (MK) that are out of sync with one another. This decision has the impact of legal dualism which results in confusion for the General Election Commission (KPU) to carry out its functions and even disharmony between legal norms. This normative research aims to determine the existence of a basis to support the DPD in order to reduce conflicts of interest. As a result, the KPU, when viewed from the normative aspect, the Constitutional Court is the sole interpreter of the constitution because of the authority granted by the constitution in Article 24 C. If so, then the KPU does not have to worry about implementing the Constitutional Court's decision because it is constitutional. That is, the KPU carrying out the Constitutional Court's Decision means maintaining the dignity of the DPR so that the aspirations carried out truly represent the needs of the region without worrying about conflicts of interest because they have as administrators of political parties.
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PETERS, ANNE. "Compensatory Constitutionalism: The Function and Potential of Fundamental International Norms and Structures." Leiden Journal of International Law 19, no. 3 (October 2006): 579–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156506003487.
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The article conceives international (or global) constitutionalism as a legal argument which recommends and strengthens efforts (legal and political) to compensate for ongoing de-constitutionalization on the domestic level. Although the notions ‘international constitution’ and ‘international constitutionalism’ have in recent years served as buzzwords in various discourses, the many meanings of those concepts have not yet been fully explored and disentangled. This paper suggests a specific understanding of those concepts. It highlights various aspects and elements of micro- and macro-constitutionalization in international law, and identifies anti-constitutionalist trends. On this basis, the paper finds that, although no international constitution in a formal sense exists, fundamental norms in the international legal order do fulfil constitutional functions. Because those norms can reasonably be qualified as having a constitutional quality, they may not be summarily discarded in the event of a conflict with domestic constitutional law. Because the relevant norms form a transnational constitutional network, and cannot be aligned in an abstract hierarchy, conflict resolution requires a balancing of interests in concrete cases. Finally, because constitutionalism historically and prescriptively means asking for a legitimate constitution, a constitutionalist reading of the international legal order provokes the question of its legitimacy. This question is pressing, because state sovereignty and consent are – on good grounds – no longer accepted as the sole source of legitimacy of international law. International constitutionalism – as understood in this paper – does not ask for state-like forms of legitimacy of a world government, but stimulates the search for new mechanisms to strengthen the legitimacy of global governance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constitution de sole"
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BORGES, CASSIO AUGUSTO MUNIZ. "COMMON ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS AND COOPERATION BETWEEN PUBLIC ENTITIES UNDER THE PROVISION OF THE SOLE PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 23 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 88: SIMILARITIES WITH THE STATE COOPERATIVE REGIME ESTABLISHED BY ARTICLES 91A AND 91B OF THE GERMAN CONSTITUTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6690@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO objetivo da presente dissertação é contribuir para o aprimoramento do debate que se trava, desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, sobre a cooperação preconizada pelo parágrafo único do artigo 23, como forma de se realizar as tarefas administrativas comuns a todos os quatro entes federados. Com efeito, avaliamos não só as competências contidas na atual Constituição - demonstrando que a competência comum é autônoma e, portanto, ao lado das demais, estabelece o regime atual de repartição constitucional de competências - como, também, as principais normas constitucionais relacionadas com as Cartas Políticas anteriores, com o intuito de construir um raciocínio que nos conduza ao modelo atual de cooperação advindo do acima mencionado parágrafo único do artigo 23. A partir daquela metodologia, constatamos que esse agir estatal cooperado estabelecido pela Constituição de 1988, não obstante possuir raízes nas Constituições anteriores, é inovador e contemporâneo, refletindo o regime cooperativo estatal de agir previsto nos artigos 91a e 91b da Lei Fundamental de Bonn, com a redação que lhes conferiu a reforma de 1969. A cooperação será voluntária até a edição da lei complementar anunciada pelo parágrafo único do artigo 23 da Carta de 1988. Após, será ela obrigatória, mas esta obrigatoriedade somente surtirá efeitos a partir do momento em que os entes federados façam a opção pelo agir integrado, ou seja, desde que optem por realizar as tarefas administrativas comuns de forma cooperada, pois aquela lei complementar não tem autorização constitucional para estabelecer normas que reflitam qualquer tipo de subordinação, já que isso violaria a autonomia política a eles constitucionalmente assegurada.
The objective of this study is to present a contribution to the juridical debate over the issue of cooperation, between the Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities, to carry out common administrative functions assigned to federal, state and local governments. This legal discussion has been troublesome since the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, which introduced a provision, in the sole paragraph of article 23, to regulate the matter of cooperation between the four public entities comprised in the Federative Republic of Brazil. As a matter of fact, this study not only analyzes the power (or authority) granted by the Constitution of 1988, in common, to the four above mentioned public entities, but also evaluates provisions of former Brazilian Constitutions dealing with that subject to devise a legal perspective on the cooperative model introduced under the rule of the sole paragraph of article 23. Hence, it demonstrates that common power (or authority) is autonomous and constitutes, with other forms of governmental authority, part of the constitutional framework of separation of powers. Based on such premises the conclusion of this essay purports that, notwithstanding the fact that cooperation between public entities has its roots in past Brazilian constitutional regulations, the form of cooperative action designed by the Constitution of 1988 is innovative and up- to-date, reflecting the model of state cooperative form of action introduced in Germany, during the constitutional reform of 1969, through the discipline of articles 91a and 91b of the German Constitution. Cooperation between the Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities shall be voluntary until the enactment of a Supplementary Law prescribed in the rule of the sole paragraph of article 23 of the Brazilian Constitution. After the passing of such legislation cooperation shall became mandatory, if the public entities involved decide to carry out common administrative tasks in a combined fashion. It is to be noticed, however, that the Supplementary Law referred in the sole paragraph of article 23 shall not establish any kind of subordination or hierarchy between the Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities due to constitutional provisions granting political autonomy to each of those entities.
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Rafflegeau, Sylvain. "Dynamique d'implantation et conduite technique des plantations villageoises de palmier a huile au cameroun : facteurs limitants et raisons des pratiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004759.
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Dans le sud du Cameroun, les palmeraies « villageoises » contribuent au développement rural et à la satisfaction des besoins nationaux en corps gras pour l'alimentation humaine et la savonnerie. Entre 1978 à 1991, 13 000 ha de palmeraies villageoises sélectionnées sont implantés avec l'appui technique et financier d'un projet. Puis le verger villageois sélectionné a triplé pour couvrir actuellement environ 40 000 ha. Ces plantations villageoises réalisées sans encadrement ni soutien financier présentent une grande variabilité de pratiques. Ceci soulève deux questions : celle de la valeur agronomique du verger villageois et celle de l'adaptation du conseil technique normatif. Ce travail repose sur une double approche agronomique. La première se fonde sur un diagnostic agronomique régional qui identifie les facteurs limitant les rendements et les pratiques dont ils découlent, afin de retracer des trajectoires de parcelles. La seconde approche est fondée sur une analyse compréhensive de la constitution de la sole, en retraçant l'historique des conditions d'installation de chacune des parcelles et en resituant les exploitations dans leur bassin d'approvisionnement. Un nouveau facteur limitant spécifique des palmeraies villageoises est révélé : la nutrition azotée en phase adulte. L'analyse spatiale et temporelle de la constitution des soles permet d'expliquer la variabilité des pratiques et d'établir des liens entre les conditions d'implantation, de conduite juvénile et des caractéristiques de parcelles adultes. Le contenu du conseil technique est revisité pour l'adapter aux nouvelles situations de parcelles, d'exploitation et d'environnement filière.
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Zihri, Ghassan. "Risques liés aux ouvrages souterrains : constitution d'une échelle de dommages." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL016N.
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Lorsque l'anstabilité des cavités souterraines peut menacer des biens ou des personnes, il est nécessaire de réaliser de façon préventive une évaluation des dommages potentiels ainsi qu'une estimation rapide de ces mêmes dommages quand l'effondrement de ces cavités survient. La majorité des échelles de dommages existantes et utilisées ne prennent en compte que des dommages matériels, aux biens et aux personnes, aisément et rapidement accessibles. Néanmoins les dommages matériels reflètent insuffisamment l'importance d'un effondrement car les dommages induits peuvent être très importants. Pour rendre compte de ces dommages induits, nous proposons une approche dans laquelle les enjeux exposés sont non seulement des biens et des personnes mais aussi les fonctions que ces derniers assurent au sein d'une collectivité. Nous suggérons ainsi une grille de lecture matricielle où figurent en lignes, les biens, les personnes, ainsi que les fonctions et en colonnes, les différents champs possibles d'évaluation des conséquences de ces dommages (conséquences économiques, politiques, sociales, médiatiques. . . ). Se dessine alors un outil pour la prévention et pour la gestion de crise permettant aux décideurs d'évaluer les dommages engendrés par l'effondrement de cavités souterrainesSoil subsidence following underground cavities collapse can cause severe losses. These losses must be evaluated as soon as the subsidence occurs or can be estimated before. Induced damage may outweigh direct losses at long term. Most of existent damage scales do not take in consideration these induced and indirect consequences that may occur. We suggest a new approach that analyses direct and induced effects of underground cavities collapses through a functional description of concerned area. We show how we can estimate direct damages to functions as well as their economical, social, political or mediatical impacts by means of a tool which can be used for decision-aid
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Sauvaget, Baptiste. "Constitution de référentiels géochimiques locaux pour les sols et proches sous-sols urbains : de la base de données à l'interprétation géostatistique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM014/document.
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Les grands réaménagements urbains génèrent d’importants volumes de terres excavées, dont la valorisation est désormais possible si elles sont compatibles avec le fond pédo-géochimique du site receveur. Afin de faciliter cette valorisation, cette thèse s’intéresse à des méthodologies de traitement de données acquises à d'autres fins que la détermination du fond pédo-géochimique, afin de fournir un référentiel de qualité géochimique des sols urbains à l'échelle d'un quartier ou d'une ville. Les premiers tests montrent les limites des calculs statistiques, usuellement utilisés avec des données dédiées au fond pédo-géochimique du fait de leur sensibilité à la limite de quantification, à la loi de distribution ou encore au pourcentage d'anomalie. Le découpage du territoire en entités géographiques cohérentes à partir de la nature des sols et sous-sols et des pressions anthropiques (actuelles ou passées) permet la constitution de différents niveaux de fond suivant la qualité géochimique des sols, mais une des difficultés concerne le renseignement de l'ensemble des entités. La classification statistique des échantillons, même spatialisée, n'apporte, actuellement pas de résultats exploitables pour la gestion des terres excavées. Enfin, le filtrage géostatistique via un modèle linéaire de corégionalisation présente une alternative solide pour le filtrage des anomalies et l'estimation du fond à l'échelle d'un quartierLarge urban redevelopments generate large volumes of excavated soils whose reusability is now possible if they are compatible with the pedo-geochemical background of the receiving site. In order to facilitate this valorization, this thesis focuses on processing methodologies on data acquired for other purposes than the determination of the pedo-geochemical background, in order to provide a geochemical quality reference system for urban soils at the scale of one neighborhood or city. The first tests show the limits of the statistical stresholds, usually used with data dedicated to the pedo-geochemical background because of their sensitivity to the limit of quantification, to the distribution law or to the percentage of anomaly. The segmentation of the territory into coherent geographical entities based on the nature of the soil and subsoil and the anthropogenic pressures (current or past) allows the constitution of different geochemical background levels according to the geochemical quality of the soils, but one of the difficulties concerns the information of all entities. The statistical classification of the samples, even if spatialized, does not currently provide usable results for the management of the excavated earth. Lastly, geostatistical filtering via a linear model of coregionalisation provides a solid alternative for anomaly filtering and background estimation at a neighborhood scale
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Leão, Marcio Fernandes. "Análise tensão deformação de uma barragem de concreto em solo residual preponderantemente anisotrópico." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9394.
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Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroEstudos de fundações de obras de arte, como barragens de concreto-gravidade e barragens de terra, devem contemplar todos os esforços atuantes no maciço de fundação, principalmente as tensões e as deformações esperadas durante todo o processo construtivo e no período pós-construtivo. Quando essas estruturas são apoiadas sobre rochas de boa sanidade, a escolha do barramento geralmente favorece a implantação de barragens de concreto. Entretanto, quando os maciços de fundação são formados por solos, a opção técnica geralmente mais bem aceita é quanto à utilização de barragens de terra. Em ambos os casos, as análises de estabilidade e de deformação são desenvolvidas por métodos analíticos bem consolidados na prática. Nas condições mais adversas de fundação, seja em rochas ou em solos com marcante anisotropia e estruturas reliquiares herdadas da rocha-mãe, a utilização de modelos constitutivos anisotrópicos em análises por elementos finitos propicia simulações mais realistas dessas feições estruturais, contribuindo para o seu melhor conhecimento. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo demonstrar a utilização de um modelo constitutivo anisotrópico no estudo da fundação da Barragem San Juan, localizada na República Dominicana, que foi concebida como uma estrutura tipo concreto-gravidade apoiada sobre solos residuais jovens altamente anisotrópicos. Nessa obra, apesar de sua pequena altura, a presença marcante de descontinuidades ensejou um estudo mais detalhado do comportamento tensão-deformação da fundação, levando em conta o levantamento detalhado da atitude das descontinuidades presentes no maciço e os resultados de ensaios de resistência em planos paralelos e normais às descontinuidades. Para a estimativa de deformações, os respectivos módulos de Young (Es) foram estimados com base em correlações com a resistência à penetração SPT desenvolvidas nesta dissertação, a partir de um estudo estatístico baseado em várias publicações disponíveis na literatura. As análises numéricas por elementos finitos foram desenvolvidas através do programa Plaxis 2D, utilizando-se como modelo constitutivo aquele denominado The Jointed Rock Model, que é particularmente recomendado para análises de estabilidade e deformação de materiais anisotrópicos. Os resultados das análises numéricas foram comparados com as análises de equilíbrio limite elaboradas para o projeto executivo da referida barragem, pelo programa Slope, utilizando o método rigoroso de Morgenstern e Price, que se mostrou conservador. Os resultados das análises numéricas mostraram sua inequívoca versatilidade para a escolha de opções de reforço da fundação, através de dentes que objetivavam o aumento das condições de estabilidade da barragem.
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N'Takpé, Adjoua Marie-Hortense. "La société anonyme unipersonnelle en droit OHADA : étude critique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0097.
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Le régime juridique de la société anonyme unipersonnelle (SAU) de droitOHADA est défini par renvoi au régime prévu pour la SA pluripersonnelle, avec desadaptations minimales. En réalité, le caractère unipersonnel de la SA lui confère une certaineparticularité qui rend inappropriée la transposition pure et simple des règles du modèlepluripersonnel. Outre les difficultés d’application qu’elle entraîne souvent, la technique durenvoi laisse irrésolues de nombreuses questions suscitées par l’unipersonnalité. Le régimejuridique de la SAU dans son ensemble en ressort insuffisamment adapté à l’unicitéd’actionnaire.Une adaptation du régime juridique de la SAU de droit OHADA au particularisme del’unipersonnalité devient alors nécessaire. Elle doit être entreprise sous fond de simplificationdes règles, d’une part à l’égard de la société, à travers les règles relatives à sa constitution et àson évolution, d’autre part, à l’égard des acteurs que sont l’actionnaire unique, les organesd’administration et de contrôle.Au-delà de son approche critique, l’étude a surtout pour ambition de proposer unmodèle de société anonyme unipersonnelle au régime juridique plus lisible, simple et attractifThe one-person limited company under the OHADA LAW has seen itslegal regime being defined with reference to the regime of the multi-persons limited company,with minimum adaptations. In fact the one-person character of the Limited company gives it a certain peculiarity that renders inappropriate the pure and simple transportation of rules of the multi-person limited company model. Besides the difficulty of implementation that it oftenentails, the technique of referring leaves unresolved many questions raised by the one-personlimited company model. The legal regime of the one-person limited company as a whole thatarises is insufficiently adapted to the unique shareholder.An adaptation of the one-person limited company legal regime of the OHADA LAWto the particularity of the one-person thus becomes necessary. It has to be undertaken underthe simplification of rules, on the one hand with regards to the company, through rules relatedto its constitution and its evolution, on the other hand, with respect to the actors that are thesole shareholders, administrative and control bodies
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Zhu, Huaxiang. "Prise en compte d'une échelle intermédiaire dans la modélisation micro-structurelle des sols granulaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI094/document.
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Les matériaux granulaires exhibe un spectre très large de propriétés constitutives, le long de chemins de chargement très divers. Développer des modèles constitutifs permettant de reproduire ces caractéristiques a demeuré un réel challenge scientifique au cours des dernières décennies. A cet égard, les approches multi-échelles constituent aujourd’hui une voie très prometteuse. Elles permettent de relier les propriétés macroscopiques à celles observées à l’échelle microscopique.Une investigation a été menée sur la base de simulations numériques discrètes (DEM)d’essais biaxiaux, afin d’identifier les caractéristiques micro-structurelles du matériau granulaire, la manière dont elles évoluent au cours d’un chemin de chargement, et le rôle qu’elles jouent dans l’émergence du comportement macroscopique. A l’échelle mésoscopique,le réseau de transmission de force (chaines de force) et les cellules définies parles vecteurs branches (meso-cycles) apparaissent jouer un rôle de première importance.Les meso-cycles, construits à partir du réseau de contact de l’assemblage, peuvent être caractérisés en fonction du nombre de cotés qu’ils contiennent (topologie). Leur influence sur le comportement volumique de l’échantillon est en effet étroitement liée à ce nombre de contact. En outre, leur interaction avec les chaines de force est également fortement dépendante de leur topologie. Ainsi, les cycles contenant 3 cotés (L3) participent activement à la stabilisation des chaines de force, alors que les cycles contenants au moins6 cotés (L6+) contribuent essentiellement au comportement dilatant de l’échantillon et à l’effondrement des chaines de force. Enfin, l’existence d’une méso-structure unique à l’état critique, au sein de la bande de cisaillement (rupture localisée) ou au sein de l’échantillon (rupture diffuse), est clairement démontrée.viii Sur la base de ces résultats, un modèle constitutif a été développé à partir du modèle H-directionnel (Nicot and Darve, 2011b). La structure du matériau granulaire est décrite par un assemblage d’hexagones (modélisant les cycles L6), orientés dans toutes les directions de l’espace. A partir d’opérations d’homogénéisation, les contraintes et les déformations incrémentales peuvent être reliées à l’échelle de l’assemblage, donnant lieu à un modèle de comportement dont la performance a pu être testée le long de chemins de chargements variésGranular materials exhibit a wide spectrum of constitutive features under various loading paths. Developing constitutive models which succeed to characterize these features has been challenging scientists for decades. A promising direction of achieving this can be the multi-scale approach. Through which the constitutive model is formulated in the way that relating material's macroscopic properties to their micro-scale essences, namely, corresponding micro-structure properties.To better characterize the micro-structure and formulate the relation between different scales, a comprehensive investigation have been carried out on the basis of numerical biaxial tests using 2D discrete element method (DEM), in order to ascertain the micro-structure characteristics of the granular material, the way they evolve versus loading and their corresponding rules in the macroscopic behaviors. In a meso-scale, intermediate between the single contact scale and the macro-scale, the force transmission network (force-chains) and area element enclosed by contacts branches (meso-loops) are highlighted in terms of their significant influences on material's macro-scale behavior. Meso-loops herein are tessellated from the whole area of the granular assembly by the contact branch network, and are subsequently categorized according to their side number.The development of meso-loops is observed to be intimately related to material's volumetric evolution, especially the plastic part. Then, the interaction between force-chains and meso-loops and its significance to the global volumetric behavior are revealed. Otherwise, in critical state, an identical meso-structure is found in the failure area of both localized and diffuse failure mode. Meso-loops with 3 sides (L3) appear to be indispensable for the force-chain stability, meanwhile, meso-loops with more than or equal to 6 sides (L6+) contribute much to the volume expansion and accelerate the force-chain buckling. The interplay between L3 and L6+ largely embody, or are representative of, the various mechanical performance of the granular material.A constitutive model has been developed by modifying the H-directional model. In this model, individual hexagons, representatives of L6+, construct the fabric as distributing along different directions in the space. Then multi-scale approach is then used to relate macroscopic properties from local ones, and eventually, to give the constitutive relation. This model is then validated in different loading paths, and eventually proved satisfying
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Maria, de Morais Sobreira Valença Juliana. "Aplicação de um modelo constitutivo para a análise das deformações em um solo compactado não saturado." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5847.
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Previous issue date: 2002O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade do modelo elastoplástico desenvolvido por ALONSO, GENS e JOSA (1990) na análise do comportamento tensão-deformação de um solo compactado não saturado. O modelo foi utilizado na previsão do comportamento de amostras compactadas estaticamente, em diferentes condições de umidade e densidade, e ensaiadas numa célula edométrica com controle de sucção, aplicando-se carregamentos verticais e mantendo-se uma sucção constante, igual a 150kPa, até atingir-se um valor pré-definido de tensão vertical (50kPa, 100kPa, 400kPa), quando procedia-se a inundação da amostra. Na definição das equações do modelo foram utilizados dois conjuntos de parâmetros, sendo o primeiro obtido por PERAZZO (1996) através de ensaios com tensão vertical de consolidação constante, variando a sucção e ensaios com sucção constante variando a tensão vertical de consolidação; e o segundo foi obtido a partir de ensaios edométricos com sucção constante e tensão vertical variável seguido de inundação sob tensão vertical constante. Com base nas comparações das curvas tensão-deformação obtidas nos ensaios com as obtidas pelo modelo, são feitas considerações sobre a capacidade do modelo em prever o comportamento das amostras compactadas sob diferentes condições de compactação
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Saberi, Miad. "Développement et implémentation d'un nouveau modèle constitutif d'interface avancé pour l'application dans les problèmes d'interaction sol-structure." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28237.
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Le comportement des interfaces entre les sols granulaires et les matériaux de construction structuraux a un impact important sur la réponse monotonique et cyclique de nombreux systèmes d'interaction sol-structure (SSI) tels que les structures de soutènement, les canalisations enterrées, les fondations superficielles et certains barrages en remblai. L'interface, en tant que milieu de transition, peut présenter différents comportements complexes sous des conditions de chargements variées, y compris la localisation des contraintes et des déformations, le glissement et la séparation, l’écrouissage / écrouissage négatif, la dilatance, la contraction accumulative, la dégradation des contraintes et la rupture des particules. Comprendre la mécanique et la modélisation de ces zones d'interface est une étape importante pour une conception et une analyse sûres et efficaces des problèmes d’interaction sol-structure. Cette thèse de doctorat comporte trois phases majeures: le développement de nouveaux modèles de comportement d'interface avancés ; l’implémentation du modèle de comportement d'interface développé dans un code d'éléments finis d’usage général; et, par conséquent, l'application du modèle de comportement d'interface implémenté à l'analyse numérique de la réponse d’un barrage en enrochement avec masque en béton soumis à des mouvements sismiques du sol. Phase de développement du modèle : Des modèles de comportement d'interface avancés pratiques et efficaces ont été développés dans le cadre de la plasticité à deux surfaces et de la mécanique des sols à l'état critique (CSSM) et ils sont compatibles avec le concept de paramètres d'état. Le développement du modèle utilise une formulation unifiée pour simuler le comportement monotonique et cyclique des interfaces sol granulaire (sableux et graveleux)-structure pour une large gamme de masses volumiques de sol et sous différentes contraintes normales et cheminements de contraintes, en utilisant un seul ensemble de paramètres d'étalonnage. Le modèle considère la rupture des particules sous cisaillement et est capable de simuler le comportement d'interface complexe comme la transformation de phase, l’écrouissage et l’écrouissage négatif, la dégradation des contraintes, la contraction accumulative cyclique, la stabilisation de la contraction cyclique et la dépendance aux cheminements de contraintes. Le modèle d'interface nécessite huit paramètres d'étalonnage pour simuler le comportement de l'interface sol graveleux- structure, neuf paramètres pour simuler le comportement pratique des interfaces sol granulaire (sableux et graveleux)-structure et onze paramètres d'étalonnage pour les interfaces sol granulaire-structure en tenant compte de la rupture des particules. Tous les paramètres du modèle ont une signification physique et peuvent être facilement déterminés en utilisant des essais de cisaillement d'interface standard. Les capacités du modèle ont été validées à l'aide de données expérimentales extraites de la littérature. Phase d’implémentation du modèle : Le modèle de comportement d'interface développé a été implémenté dans un code d'éléments finis (FE) d’usage général (ABAQUS) sous forme d'un élément d'interface solide à couche mince. Le schéma d'intégration numérique utilisé dans la phase d’implémentation a été examiné par la simulation de différents problèmes de valeurs limites, y compris l’essai de cisaillement à un seul élément, l’essai de cisaillement par blocs coulissants et l'essai d'arrachement pour différentes valeurs de pas de temps. Phase d'application du modèle : Dans cette phase, les réponses statiques et sismiques des barrages en enrochement avec masque en béton (CFRD) ont été examinées en considérant l'effet de l'interaction dalle du masque - couche d’amortissement à l'interface. Les effets des différents éléments, tels que l'approche de la modélisation de l'interface, le niveau d'eau dans réservoir et la rugosité de l'interface sur la réponse de la dalle en béton dans les CFRDs ont été évalués sous des conditions statiques et dynamiques. Mots-clés: Interface sol granulaire-structure, géo-structures, modèle de comportement, développement de modèles, implémentation de modèles, simulation numérique, chargement monotonique et cyclique, barrages en enrochement avec masque en béton.The behavior of interfaces between granular soils and structural construction materials has an important impact on the monotonic and cyclic response of many soil-structure interaction (SSI) systems such as retaining structures, buried pipelines, shallow and deep foundations, and some embankment dams. The interface as a transition medium may experience different complex behavior under different loading conditions, including stress and strain localization, sliding and separation, stress hardening/softening, stress dilatancy, accumulative contraction, stress degradation and particle breakage. Understanding the mechanics and modeling of these interface zones is an important step towards a safe and effective design and analysis of SSI problems. This doctoral thesis has three major phases: the development of new and efficient advanced interface constitutive models; the implementation of the developed interface constitutive model in a general-purpose finite element code; and consequently the application of the implemented interface constitutive model in the numerical response analysis of concrete-faced rockfill dam under earthquake ground motion. Model Development Phase: Practical and efficient advanced interface constitutive models were developed in the framework of two-surface plasticity and critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) and compatible with the concept of state parameters. The model development uses a unified formulation to simulate both monotonic and cyclic behavior of granular (sandy and gravelly) soil-structure interfaces over a wide range of soil densities and under different normal stresses and stress paths, using a single set of calibration parameters. The model considers particle breakage under shear cycles and is capable of simulating the complex interface behavior such as phase transformation, stress hardening and softening, stress degradation, cyclic accumulative contraction, cyclic contraction stabilization and stress path dependency under different loading conditions. The interface model requires eight calibration parameters to simulate gravelly soil-structure interface behavior, nine parameters to simulate the practical behavior of granular (sandy and gravel) soil-structure interfaces, and eleven calibration parameters for granular soil-structure interfaces considering particle breakage. All model parameters have physical meaning and can be readily determined using standard interface shear tests. The model capabilities were validated using experimental data collected from the literature. Model Implementation Phase: The developed interface constitutive model was implemented into a general-purpose finite element (FE) code (ABAQUS) in the form of a solid thin-layer interface element. The numerical integration scheme employed in the implementation phase was examined through simulation of different boundary value problems, including single element shear test, slide block shear test and shaft pullout test under different time step sizes. Model Application Phase: In this phase, the static and seismic responses of concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRD) were examined considering the effect of the concrete face slab-cushion layer interaction at the interface. The effects of different elements, such as interface modeling approach, reservoir water level and interface roughness, on the response of the concrete face slab in CFRDs were evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions due to earthquake ground motion. Keywords: granular soil-structure interface, geo-structures, constitutive modeling, model development, model implementation, numerical simulation, monotonic and cyclic loading, concrete-faced rockfill dams
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Silva, Anderson Peccin da. "Constitutive modelling of fibre-reinforced sands under cyclic loads." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153323.
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Carregamentos cíclicos são causados de diversas maneiras, como tráfego de veículos, ondas, vento e terremotos. Nos últimos anos, particularmente, tem-se aumentado o número de estudos para este tipo de carregamento devido ao desenvolvimento da engenharia offshore. Além disso, técnicas de melhoramento de solos granulares têm sido empregadas para alterar as características dos solos naturais, com o objetivo de aumentar sua resistência e retardar - ou evitar - a ocorrência de liquefação. Alguns estudos anteriores desenvolveram leis constitutivas completas para areias reforçadas com fibras sob carregamento monotônico, mas não são encontrados na literatura trabalhos sobre a modelagem deste tipo de solos sob carregamentos cíclicos. Sendo assim, essa dissertação desenvolve e valida um novo modelo constitutivo capaz de avaliar o comportamento de solos granulares reforçados com fibras sob carregamento cíclico sob condições não-drenadas. Este modelo é baseado em dois modelos previamente desenvolvidos por Diambra et al. (2013) e Diambra e Ibraim (2014), que utilizam uma técnica de homogeneização para considerar a contribuição da areia e das fibras. O comportamento da areia segue o Modelo Severn-Trent Sand, proposto por Gajo e Muir Wood (1999). Uma vez estruturado o modelo e definido seu procedimento de cálculo, realiza-se uma análise paramétrica, a fim de demonstrar a influência de cada parâmetro das fibras e da areia no comportamento do compósito. Um fator de ajuste para levar em consideração a mudança nas forças interparticulares causada pelas fibras é proposto neste trabalho. Ao final, o modelo é calibrado com resultados experimentais e faz-se uma análise de suas competências e limitações. O processo de calibração mostrou que o modelo é capaz de capturar importantes tendências causadas pela inserção de fibras, como a redução nas deformações axiais e na geração de poropressões, retardando a ocorrência de liquefação. O modelo proposto mostrou-se mais efetivo em reproduzir o comportamento de areias fofas, ou seja, aquelas cujo estado de tensões se encontra acima da linha do estado crítico.Cyclic loads are induced by several sources, such as traffic, waves, wind and earthquakes. Particularly in the last years, more attention has been given to such loading conditions due to the development of the offshore engineering. Additionally, ground improving techniques have been employed to alter the characteristics of natural soils in order to increase its strength and delay – or avoid – liquefaction. Previous studies have developed complete constitutive laws for fibre-reinforced sands under monotonic loading conditions, but no previous work on modelling granular soils under cyclic loading has been reported. Hence, this research develops and validates a new constitutive modelling which is capable to fully assess the behaviour of fibre-reinforced soils under cyclic loads for undrained conditions. This model is based on two previous models developed by Diambra et al. (2013) and Diambra and Ibraim (2014), which employed a homogenisation technique to scale sand and fibre contribution. The behaviour of the sand follows the Severn-Trent Sand Model proposed by Gajo and Muir Wood (1999). Once the model is structured and its calculation procedure is defined, a parametric analysis is carried out in order to show the influence of each fibre and sand parameter in the composite response. An adjustment factor to account for the change in the interparticle forces caused by the fibres is proposed. Finally, the model is calibrated with experimental results and an analysis of its competences and limitations is performed. The calibration process showed that the model is able to capture important trends caused by the fibre reinforcement, such as a reduction in axial strain and in pore pressure generation, delaying the occurrence of liquefaction. The proposed model was shown to be more effective in reproducing the response of loose sands, i.e. those whose stress states are above the critical state line.
Books on the topic "Constitution de sole"
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R, Tajik S. S. Konstitutsii︠a︡i (qonuni asosii) Respublikai Sovetii Sot︠s︡ialistii Tojikiston: Bo taghʺirotu, ki bo Qonunḣoi RSS Tojikiston az 19 noi︠a︡bri soli 1988, 22 ii︠u︡li soli 1989, 23 senti︠a︡bri soli 1989 va 24 noi︠a︡bri soli 1989 dokhil karda shudaand. Dushanbe: "Irfon", 1989.
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Ooyen, Robert Christian van, 1960-, ed. Wer soll Hüter der Verfassung sein?: Abhandlungen zur Theorie der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in der pluralistischen, parlamentarischen Demokratie. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
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Beuningen, Cor, and Kees Buitendijk, eds. Finance and the Common Good. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727914.
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Over the past fifty years, (financial) capitalism has brought about an enormous growth in wealth. Millions around the world have been lifted out of poverty. However, the downsides of the present global economic constitution are rapidly becoming evident as well. Rising inequality, soaring debt levels, and repeated cycles of boom and bust have proven to be some of its key characteristics. After the 2008 crisis brought the financial system to the brink of collapse, new regulations, stricter supervision, higher capital requirements, and ethical codes were introduced to the sector. Today we find ourselves in the middle of another economic boom. Yet one pressing question remains: has anything changed? Have the (necessary) repairs fixed the flaws in the system? Or do we require even more fundamental reforms? This volume builds on the observation that society has co-evolved with the financial sector. We cannot simply claim that 'finance' was the sole instigator of the 2008 crisis. Society itself has become financialized; the process of replacing relations, structures of trust and reciprocity, by anonymous and systemic transactions. The volume poses vital questions with regard to this societal development. How did this happen? And more importantly: is change possible? If yes, how? This volume contains 21 essays on the themes mentioned above. Authors include Jan Peter Balkenende, Wouter Bos, Lans Bovenberg, Govert Buijs, and Herman Van Rompuy. A recommendation by Dutch Minister of Finance Wopke Hoekstra is also included.
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Zolotas, Triantafyllos. Gerichtliche Heranziehung der Grundrechtsvergleichung: Eine kontextorientierte Untersuchung der Frage, in welchen Fällen auf die Erfahrung ausländischer Rechtsordnungen rekurriert werden soll. Köln: Carl Heymanns, 2012.
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Grabowski, Andre. German Trade Tax and Constitution: Constitutional Problems Arising from the Differing Treatment of Mixed Activities of Partnerships and Sole Proprietorships. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2007.
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Colón-Ríos, Joel. Constituent Power and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785989.001.0001.
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This book examines the place of the concept of constituent power in constitutional history, focusing on the legal and institutional implications that theorists, politicians, and judges have derived from it. It shows that constituent power, even though having historically been associated with extra-legality and violations of the constitutional order, has played important functions in the making of determinations of legal validity. Constitutional courts have employed it to justify their jurisdiction to invalidate constitutional amendments that alter the fundamental structure of the constitution and thus amount to a constitution-making exercise. Some governments have recurred to it to defend the legality of the transformation of the constitutional order through procedures not contemplated in the constitution’s amendment rule but considered participatory enough to be seen as equivalent to ‘the people in action’, and these attempts have sometimes been sanctioned by courts. Commentators and citizens have relied on the theory of constituent power to defend the idea that electors have the right to instruct representatives, and that the creation of new constitutions must take place through extra-legislative entities, such as primary assemblies open to all citizens. Several Latin American constitutions explicitly incorporate the theory of constituent power and allow citizens, acting through popular initiative, to trigger constitution-making episodes that may result in the replacement of the entire constitutional order. Building on these findings, the book ultimately develops a distinction between sovereignty and constituent power and argues that even a constitution-making body can be made legally subject to the conditions arising from a constituent referendum.
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Huemer, Michael. Can Constitutions Limit Government? Edited by David Schmidtz and Carmen E. Pavel. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199989423.013.12.
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There are systematic reasons why the U.S. constitution has failed to limit the power of the federal government in the way that it was intended to do. After examining which kinds of constitutional provisions have been respected and which have not, we can devise alternative constitutional provisions that would have a greater chance of successfully limiting the power of government. In particular, (i) there should be supermajority rule for passage of all legislation, (ii) there should be a separate, “negative legislature” with the sole power of repealing laws, and (iii) there should be a separate “constitutional court” with stronger powers for enforcing the constitution than the current Supreme Court.
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Charles M, Fombad. Part I Overview, 1 The Evolution of Modern African Constitutions: A Retrospective Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759799.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a historical overview of constitutional developments in Africa. One of the most remarkable developments has been the move away from wholly imported or imposed constitutions, towards constitutions made within Africa. Two constitutional traditions have substantially influenced current constitutional developments on the continent. One is the common law constitutional tradition, based on the Westminster constitutional system with many elements of the US constitutional system crafted onto it, which has been widely adopted in Anglophone Africa. The other is the civil law constitutional tradition mainly based on the French Fifth Republic Constitution of 1958, which has been widely adopted in Francophone Africa and to some extent, Lusophone and Hispanophone Africa.
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Ginsburg, Tom. The Design of Constitutions. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684250.013.010.
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Constitutions have been a central topic for the economic analysis of law since Buchanan and Tullock (1961) introduced the discipline of constitutional political economy. From the outset economic analysis has been deployed for both positive and normative ends. Their project was normative, but economic analysis provides tools to critique real world constitutions and to analyze their attributes. Optimal design of constitutions in theory is rarely matched in practice, but this is no hindrance to understanding the form, duration, and impact of actual constitutions. This chapter reviews the ends of constitutional design. It offers a positive theory of constitutional bargaining which can be used to inform normative design questions. Whether particular institutions ought to be included in a constitution depends on the extent to which such texts make a difference, which is an empirical question subject to some scrutiny. A review of the empirical literature on constitutional design concludes.
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Cheryl, Saunders, and Stone Adrienne, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198738435.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution offers a critical analysis of some of the most significant aspects of Australian constitutional arrangements, setting them against the historical, legal, political, and social contexts in which Australia's constitutional system has developed. It takes care to highlight the distinctive features of the Australian constitutional system by placing the Australian system, where possible, in a global perspective. Constitutional law provides the legal framework for the Australian political and legal systems, and thus touches almost every aspect of Australian life. The chapters are arranged in seven thematically grouped parts. The first, ‘Foundations’, deals with aspects of Australian history which have influenced constitutional arrangements. The second, ‘Constitutional Domain’, addresses the interaction between the Constitution and other relevant legal systems and orders, including the common law, international law, and State Constitutions. The third, ‘Themes’, identifies themes of special constitutional significance, including the legitimacy of the Constitution, citizenship, and republicanism. The fourth, ‘Practice and Process’, deals with practical issues relevant to constitutional litigation, including the processes, techniques, and authority of the High Court of Australia. The final three parts deal with the structural building blocks of the Australian constitutional system: ‘Separation of Powers’, ‘Federalism’, and ‘Rights’.
Book chapters on the topic "Constitution de sole"
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Dunworth, Treasa. "The Influence of International Law in New Zealand: Some Reflections." In Reconstituting the Constitution, 319–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21572-8_17.
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Burgess, Glenn. "Some Historiographical Perspectives." In The Politics of the Ancient Constitution, 109–14. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22263-6_4.
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Dobrowolsky, Alexandra. "Women, Constitutionalism and Contestation: Some Tentative Conclusions." In Women Making Constitutions, 236–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403944085_16.
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Rivlin, R. S., and E. H. Lee. "Some Restrictions on Constitutive Equations." In Collected Papers of R.S. Rivlin, 1476–504. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2416-7_92.
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Papenfuß, Christina. "Some Elements of Thermodynamics." In Continuum Thermodynamics and Constitutive Theory, 29–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43989-7_4.
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Papenfuß, Christina. "Some Elements of Continuum Mechanics." In Continuum Thermodynamics and Constitutive Theory, 5–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43989-7_2.
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Gurwitsch, Aron. "Some Fundamental Principles of Constitutive Phenomenology." In Phaenomenologica, 307–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2831-0_8.
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Gurwitsch*, Aron. "Some Fundamental Concepts of Constitutive Phenomenology." In The Collected Works of Aron Gurwitsch (1901-1973), 151–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3346-8_6.
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Shaw, Jo. "What Is Constitutional Citizenship and How Can We Study It?" In The People in Question, 35–60. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208894.003.0002.
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Closing the first, introductory, part of the book, this chapter presents some of the main ways in which citizenship and constitutions / constitutional law can and do iterate with each other at the top level (i.e. via the texts of the constitution and of constitutional law and in respect of constitutional principles and conventions). The chapter then places these issues into a broader context, exploring issues such as the legacies of colonialism, understandings of citizenship outside the Global North and the so-called civic/ethnic divide in citizenship. The analysis contests some of the presuppositions that lie behind the idea that citizenship of a state could operate as the sole or even central model of citizenship.
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Collins, Richard B., Dale A. Oesterle, and Lawrence Friedman. "Impeachments." In The Colorado State Constitution, 289–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907723.003.0013.
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This chapter details Article XIII of the Colorado Constitution, which defines and authorizes impeachments. Section 1 provides that the house of representatives has sole power to impeach officers identified in Section 2, by majority vote of all members. The senate has sole power to try impeachments, conviction to require votes of at least two-thirds “of the senators elected.”. Section 2 provides that the governor and other state and judicial officers are subject to impeachment and removal for “high crimes or misdemeanors or malfeasance in office.” Section 3 authorizes the general assembly to pass laws for removal of “officers not liable to impeachment” for misconduct or malfeasance in office.
Conference papers on the topic "Constitution de sole"
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Liu, Zejun, and Rende Feng. "Research on the Constitution of Enterprise Information Resources System Based on Knowledge Alliance." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2007.4383885.
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Saeed, Nawsherwan. "Is the constitution the problem in front of the democratic transition in Iraq?" In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp171-183.
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Nearly 17 years after the US invasion, Iraq ranks first in the list of the most corrupt and least stable countries in the world. The state of instability and rampant corruption in Iraqi society since 2003 made some critics blame the constitution itself as the main obstacle to the country's democratic transition. For them, the hasty method of drafting the constitution, the absence of Iraqi constitutional expertise, and the lateral representation of Sunni Arabs are among the factors that have contributed to the precarious situation in Iraq over the past years. Likewise, critics argue that the ambiguity and ambiguity in some constitutional articles hindered its application. Amid these readings, the October revolution erupted on October 1, 2019 in Baghdad and the rest of the southern governorates of Iraq in protest against the deteriorating economic conditions of the country, unemployment, and the spread of administrative corruption. The demands of the demonstrators reached to change the constitution and amend the electoral law. Thus, the question posed in this paper is to what extent can the constitution really be an obstacle to the democratization process in Iraq? This paper discusses that the nature of Iraqi society as a deeply divided society, the absence of the previous democratic experience among the citizens, the weakness of the political culture of cooperation and tolerance among the political elites, and external interference are among the main obstacles to the democratic transformation in the country. Finally, the conclusion of the study is that despite all the criticisms and criticisms about the democratic experience in Iraq, the process of democratic transformation is slow in itself, and therefore it can be said that the process is still ongoing and has not failed yet.
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Питулько, Ксения Викторовна. "Some Problems of Protection of Citizens' Constitutional Rights." In Актуальные вопросы развития российской государственности и публичного права. Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования "Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России)", 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/978-5-9908298-7-9_2017_25.
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Komilzhonov, Rafael'. "COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02058-6/187-198.
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The article is devoted to the problems of constitutional and legal regulation of the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia and some foreign countries. It is noted that the status of the Ombudsman is defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the most general terms and needs to be clarified. The author of the article suggests considering the introduction of legal liability for officials who do not comply with the decisions of the Commissioner for Human Rights, hinder his activities or clearly violate the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen.
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Banciu, M. G., A. Ioachim, I. A. Mihai, N. Militaru, and G. Lojewski. "Microwave Investigation of Constitutive Electromagnetic Parameters of Some Left-Handed Structures." In 2009 German Microwave Conference (GeMIC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gemic.2009.4815866.
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Haddag, Badis. "Springback Simulation: Impact of Some Advanced Constitutive Models and Numerical Parameters." In NUMISHEET 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Process. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2011235.
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Brocato, Maurizio. "Bodies with controllable constitutive laws: some mathematical issues for active optimisation." In 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Materials, edited by Pierre F. Gobin and Jacques Tatibouet. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.237074.
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Liu, Baixi, Hongzhao Liu, and Daning Yuan. "Five Parameters Structural Damping Constitution and Its Application." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58047.
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In this paper, the five parameters model of viscoelastic theory is introduced as the constitutive equation for damping alloy. Based on the experiment data, the five parameters are fitted by using an optimization algorithm. The finite element dynamic equations are derived through the established five parameters constitution. For the convenience of the computation, the established dynamic equations containing convolution integration are changed into ordinary differential equations. By means of the Kineto-Elastodynamic theory, the system dynamic equation of elastic linkage mechanism is gained. In order to solve the high order differential equations, the state space method is employed. An example is given to show that the model proposed in this paper is more accurate and stable than the three parameters damping model.
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Pitulko, Kseniya Viktorovna. "Some problems limiting the constitutional rights of citizens in the Russian legislation." In Актуальные вопросы развития российской государственности и публичного права. Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования "Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России)", 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/978-5-9908298-2-4_2016_201.
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Salman, Radian. "JUDICIAL ACTIVISM OR SELF-RESTRAINT: SOME INSIGHT INTO THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT." In International Conference on Law, Governance and Globalization 2017 (ICLGG 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclgg-17.2018.32.
Full textReports on the topic "Constitution de sole"
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.
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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.
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Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt, and Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.
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Ayala, David, Ashley Graves, Colton Lauer, Henrik Strand, Chad Taylor, Kyle Weldon, and Ryan Wood. Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.floodingpostharvey.
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When Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane on August 25, 2017, it resulted in $125 billion in damage, rivaling only Hurricane Katrina in the amount of damage caused. It also resulted in the deaths of 88 people and destroyed or damaged 135,000 homes. Much of that devastation was the result of flooding. The storm dumped over 27 trillion gallons of rain over Texas in a matter of days. Some parts of Houston received over 50 inches of rainfall. The potential liability that dam and reservoir operators may face for decisions they make during storm and flooding events has now become a major concern for Texas citizens and its elected officials. Law suits have now been instituted against the federal government for its operation of two flood control reservoirs, as well as against the San Jacinto River Authority for its operation of a water supply reservoir. Moreover, the issues and concerns have been placed on the agenda of a number of committees preparing for the 2019 Texas legislative session. This report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines the potential liability that such operators may face for actions and decisions taken in response to storm and flooding events. In Section III, the report reviews dam gate operations and differentiates between water supply reservoirs and flood control reservoirs. It also considers pre-release options and explains why such actions are disfavored and not recommended. In Section IV, the report evaluates liabilities and defenses applicable to dam and reservoir operators. It explains how governmental immunity can limit the exposure of state and federally-run facilities to claims seeking monetary damages. It also discusses how such entities could be subject to claims of inverse condemnation, which generally are not subject to governmental immunity, under Texas law as well as under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the Section discusses negligence and nuisance claims and concludes that plaintiffs asserting either or both of these claims will have difficulty presenting successful arguments for flooding-related damage and harm against operators who act reasonably in the face of storm-related precipitation. Finally, Section V offers recommendations that dam and reservoir operators might pursue in order to engage and educate the public and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation. Specifically, the report highlights the need for expanded community outreach efforts to engage with municipalities, private land owners, and the business community in flood-prone neighborhoods both below and above a dam. It also recommends implementation of proactive flood notification procedures as a way of reaching and alerting as many people as possible of potential and imminent flooding events. Finally, the report proposes implementation of a dispute prevention and minimization mechanism and offers recommendations for the design and execution of such a program.
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Financial Stability Report - First Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.1sem.eng-2020.
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In the face of the multiple shocks currently experienced by the domestic economy (resulting from the drop in oil prices and the appearance of a global pandemic), the Colombian financial system is in a position of sound solvency and adequate liquidity. At the same time, credit quality has been recovering and the exposure of credit institutions to firms with currency mismatches has declined relative to previous episodes of sudden drops in oil prices. These trends are reflected in the recent fading of red and blue tonalities in the performance and credit risk segments of the risk heatmaps in Graphs A and B.1 Naturally, the sudden, unanticipated change in macroeconomic conditions has caused the appearance of vulnerabilities for short-term financial stability. These vulnerabilities require close and continuous monitoring on the part of economic authorities. The main vulnerability is the response of credit and credit risk to a potential, temporarily extreme macroeconomic situation in the context of: (i) recently increased exposure of some banks to household sector, and (ii) reductions in net interest income that have led to a decline in the profitability of the banking business in the recent past. Furthermore, as a consequence of greater uncertainty and risk aversion, occasional problems may arise in the distribution of liquidity between agents and financial markets. With regards to local markets, spikes have been registered in the volatility of public and private fixed income securities in recent weeks that are consistent with the behavior of the international markets and have had a significant impact on the liquidity of those instruments (red portions in the most recent past of some market risk items on the map in Graph A). In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to those vulnerabilities, this Report presents a stress test that evaluates the resilience of credit institutions in the event of a hypothetical scenario thatseeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The scenario assumes a hypothetical negative growth that is temporarily strong but recovers going into the middle of the coming year and has extreme effects on credit quality. The results suggest that credit institutions have the ability to withstand a significant deterioration in economic conditions in the short term. Even though there could be a strong impact on credit, liquidity, and profitability under the scenario being considered, aggregate capital ratios would probably remain at above their regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. In this context, the recent measures taken by both Banco de la República and the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia that are intended to help preserve the financial stability of the Colombian economy become highly relevant. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Juan José Echavarría Governor