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Journal articles on the topic 'Constitutional avoidance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Beermann, Jack M. "Qualified Immunity and Constitutional Avoidance." Supreme Court Review 2009, no. 1 (2009): 139–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/653647.

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Hasen, Richard L. "Constitutional Avoidance and Anti‐Avoidance by the Roberts Court." Supreme Court Review 2009, no. 1 (2009): 181–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/653648.

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3

Lerner, Hanna. "Permissive Constitutions, Democracy, and Religious Freedom in India, Indonesia, Israel, and Turkey." World Politics 65, no. 4 (2013): 609–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887113000208.

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The article addresses the question of what role formal constitutions play in mitigating intense conflicts over the religious character of the state. In contrast to common views in constitutional and political scholarship, it demonstrates that the ideal of liberal constitutionalism is not compatible with the political reality and types of conflicts that characterize religiously divided societies. Analyzing four processes of constitution drafting in which issues of religious law and religious identity were at the heart of the debate—India, Indonesia, Israel, and Turkey—it argues that under deep

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4

Ahmed, Farrah, and Tarunabh Khaitan. "Constitutional Avoidance in Social Rights Adjudication." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 35, no. 3 (2015): 607–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqv003.

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5

Dubiński, Łukasz. "A clause against tax avoidance (constitutional perspective)." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse Rynki Finansowe Ubezpieczenia 93 (2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2018.93-02.

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6

Skelton, Ann, and Serges Djoyou Kamga. "Broken Promises: Constitutional Litigation for Free Primary Education in Swaziland." Journal of African Law 61, no. 3 (2017): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855317000274.

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AbstractSwaziland's Constitution of 2005 promised that every Swazi child would have the right to free primary school education, within three years of the constitution coming into operation. That date having passed, a civil society group took the matter to court. The case initially fared well, but in a subsequent application for performance on the original order, the court balked at making an immediately enforceable order, citing lack of resources as an obstacle. That approach was upheld by the Supreme Court. This article examines the courts’ pronouncements within the Swazi constitutional conte

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Anenson, T. Leigh, and Jennifer Gershberg. "Clashing Canons and the Contract Clause." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 54.1 (2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.54.1.clashing.

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This Article is the first in-depth examination of substantive canons that judges use to interpret public pension legislation under the Contract Clause of the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. The resolution of constitutional controversies concerning pension reform will have a profound influence on government employment. The assessment begins with a general discussion of these interpretive techniques before turning to their operation in public pension litigation. It concentrates on three clashing canons: the remedial (purpose) canon, the “no contract” canon (otherwise known as the unmi

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8

Astermark, Jan. "FVIII inhibitors: pathogenesis and avoidance." Blood 125, no. 13 (2015): 2045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-08-535328.

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Abstract The pathogenesis of inhibitory antibodies has been the focus of major scientific interest over the last decades, and several studies on underlying immune mechanisms and risk factors for formation of these antibodies have been performed with the aim of improving the ability to both predict and prevent their appearance. It seems clear that the decisive factors for the immune response to the deficient factor are multiple and involve components of both a constitutional and therapy-related nature. A scientific concern and obstacle for research in the area of hemophilia is the relatively sm

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9

Goode, J. Paul. "Patriotic Legitimation and Everyday Patriotism in Russia’s Constitutional Reform." Russian Politics 6, no. 1 (2021): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/24518921-00601007.

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Abstract Russia’s 2020 Constitutional reform was notable not just for the substantial institutional changes introduced, but also for the almost complete lack of public discussion of those changes in elite debates or the public campaign for the nationwide vote. Instead, proposals to write social and patriotic issues into the Constitution absorbed the lion’s share of coverage. These issues were not superfluous, but rather reveal the dynamics of patriotic legitimation and the role of everyday patriotism in Russian politics today. Among Russia’s elite, patriotic legitimation regulates competition,

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10

Odermatt, Jed. "Patterns of avoidance: political questions before international courts." International Journal of Law in Context 14, no. 2 (2018): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552318000046.

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AbstractInternational courts (ICs) have found themselves dealing with issues that are ‘political’ in nature. This paper discusses the techniques of avoidance ICs have developed to navigate such highly political or sensitive issues. The first part discusses some of the key rationales for avoidance. Drawing on the discussion of the political question doctrine in US constitutional law, it shows how ICs may justify avoidance on both principled and pragmatic grounds. It then discusses the different types of avoidance strategies employed by ICs, based on examples from the Court of Justice of the Eur

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Damrosch, Lori Fisler. "The Constitutional Responsibility of Congress for Military Engagements." American Journal of International Law 89, no. 1 (1995): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203892.

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The U.S.-led military operation in Haiti has unfolded with minimal violence and few casualties so far. That factual proposition—which is necessarily subject to revision—has important ramifications under both U.S. constitutional law and international law. On the constitutional level, the avoidance of hostilities defused what was poised to become a serious confrontation between the President and the Congress. On the international level, doubts in some quarters about the legitimacy of a forcible intervention, although not entirely allayed, were somewhat quieted with the achievement of a negotiate

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12

Palazzo, Nausica. "ʻJudicial Activismʼ in Europe: Not a Neat and Clean Fit". ICL Journal 14, № 4 (2020): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2020-0019.

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Abstract Achieving a proper balance between enforcing the constitution and avoiding that the courts exercise a policy-making function that that is better left to legislatures is not without its difficulties. In the United States, this issue has gained substantially higher traction giving rise to intense activism talk. The relevant American literature has exerted a deep fascination abroad, also in the light of the current globalization of constitutional discourse. Yet, the article intends to advance two claims: first, it warns against an uncritical import of US-style notions of judicial activis

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Hendrix, Julie L. "Harris v. United States: The Supreme Court's Latest Avoidance of Providing Constitutional Protection to Sentencing Factors." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 93, no. 4 (2003): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3491315.

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Jhaveri, Swati, and Anne Scully-Hill. "Executive and legislative reactions to judicial declarations of constitutional invalidity in Hong Kong: Engagement, acceptance or avoidance?" International Journal of Constitutional Law 13, no. 2 (2015): 507–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov021.

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15

Kennedy, D. H. "Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infections." Scottish Medical Journal 32, no. 4 (1987): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308703200402.

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The wide clinical spectrum of HIV infection is reflected in the new CDC classification. Presentations range from acute infection, asymptomatic carriage and persistent lymphadenopathy through constitutional upset and neurological disease to the opportunistic infections and cancers of AIDS. AIDS is an enigmatic disease which presents special clinical diagnostic and management problems. Although any system may be affected the lungs and the brain are the most important target organs. Though the underlying disease is currently untreatable, many of the complications of AIDS are amenable to prompt th

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16

Dabscheck, Braham. "The Coalition's Plan to Regulate Industrial Relations." Economic and Labour Relations Review 4, no. 1 (1993): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469300400101.

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In October 1992 the federal coalition released Jobsback, a statement of its industrial relations policies. The article situates Jobsback in the context of the evolution of the coalition's industrial relations policies since the Fraser years, outlines its major features, and provides a critique. Jobsback erects a new regulatory schema under a banner of deregulation. Three key elements are contained in Jobsback. They are tribunal avoidance and the use of the common law, legislatively imposed employment rules to ‘aid’ the transition from an award to a non-award system, and enterprise confinement.

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Piedad García-Escudero Márquez, Piedad. "De enmiendas homogéneas, leyes heterogéneas y preceptos intrusos : ¿es contradictoria la nueva doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la elaboración de las leyes? = Relevancy of amendments, multisectorial laws, «riders» and «logrolling» : new decisions of the Spanish Constitutional Court." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 31 (January 1, 2013): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.31.2013.10307.

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Sobre la base del examen de la reciente doctrina revisada del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la homogeneidad de las enmiendas con el texto enmendado y de la admisión de la constitucionalidad del contenido heterogéneo de las leyes y las leyes ómnibus, el artículo propugna la aplicación del principio constitucional de seguridad jurídica para exigir la congruencia también en el seno de las leyes e iniciativas legislativas, poniendo coto a los preceptos intrusos incluso en las leyes transversales o multisectoriales.Considering different decisions of the Spanish Constitucional Court on relevancy of

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18

Solomon, Ekokoi. "THE NIGERIAN SUPREME COURT AND THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE." Denning Law Journal 31, no. 1 (2020): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v31i1.1711.

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This paper examines the attitude of the Supreme Court of Nigeria towards the political question doctrine. It interrogates the decisions of the Court in selected landmark cases involving political questions since the First Republic to the Fourth Republic which commenced in 1999. The paper identifies three core approaches espoused by the Court in cases involving political questions – the deference approach, the necessity approach and the avoidance approach. This paper argues that in a constitutional democracy, it is inevitable – considering that the Court is both a political and a legal institut

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FOWERAKER, JOE. "Review Article: Institutional Design, Party Systems and Governability – Differentiating the Presidential Regimes of Latin America." British Journal of Political Science 28, no. 4 (1998): 651–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123498000295.

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The general elections in Chile and Brazil in 1989 marked ‘the first time that all the Ibero-American nations, excepting Cuba, enjoyed the benefits of elected constitutional governments at the same time’. This occurrence was not as dramatic or visible as the collapse of Communism and the transitions to democracy in Eastern and Central Europe, which began in the same year, but it did mark a historical watershed. After almost two centuries as independent states, the countries of Latin America now comprised a new democratic universe. Similarly to the Eastern European experience, the Latin American

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20

Kelley, Patricia H. "The View from the Top: A Century of PS Presidents' Perspectives on the Paleontological Society and Paleontology." Paleontological Society Papers 14 (October 2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001571.

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The Paleontological Society was founded in 1908, as a section of the Geological Society of America, for the purpose of promoting the science of paleontology. Although disciplinarily inclusive, our founders were an elitist, demographically limited group. Constitutional revisions over the past century trace the evolution of the PS, including increased democratization (with a setback during the McCarthy Era, but accelerating following the turmoil of society as a whole during the 1960s), internationalization, independence from the GSA and our sister organization SEPM, and broadening of our activit

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21

Kovač, Polonca. "The potentials and limitations of tax dispute prevention and alternative resolution mechanisms." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 39, no. 4 (2019): 1505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.39.4.3.

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This paper deals with prevention and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in tax matters, particularly in the light of the specific nature of administrative relations, which also include tax procedures. Given the involvement of stakeholders, ADR benefits both the taxpayers and the tax authority, enabling greater legal certainty and speedier finalisation of procedures. Yet, ADR also poses an open threat to the public interest and equality as international and constitutional administrative principles, and must therefore be limited in tax procedures. This also derives from the legal acts of the E

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22

Kapyrina, Natalia. "Clarifications of the Russian Supreme Court on General Aspects of Intellectual Property Protection: A Summary." GRUR International 69, no. 9 (2020): 925–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa113.

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Abstract Since April 2019, Russian intellectual property law has been enriched by an interpretative Resolution of the highest judicial instance, the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court, which performs, among other prerogatives, the task to ensure the correct and uniform application of law.** The last time a judicial instrument of an equivalent scale was adopted was in 2009 (the Joint Resolution No. 5/29 of 26 March 2009 of the Plenary Sessions of the Supreme Court and of the Supreme Arbitration Court ‘On certain issues arising in connection with the enactment of Part Four of the CCRF’). Back

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23

Ladeur, Karl-Heinz, and Ino Augsberg. "The Myth of the Neutral State: The relationship between state and religion in the face of new challenges." German Law Journal 8, no. 2 (2007): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005472.

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On a global level, we are witnessing a revitalisation of religion, which also includes a re-politisation of religion, particularly within contemporary Islam. Religion has become, once again, a political topos. The secularised western world is thus facing a new challenge, for which it appears to be inadequately prepared. The idea of freedom of religion, guaranteed as a fundamental right, obliges western democratic states to respect the religious activities of their citizens and to secure their free development. Therefore, the state is principally neither allowed to favour nor to discriminate ag

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24

Lee, Joo-Young, and Paul Hunt. "Human Rights Responsibilities of Pharmaceutical Companies in Relation to Access to Medicines." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 2 (2012): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00660.x.

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The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being.” The Universal Declaration of Human Rights lays the foundations for the international framework for the right to health. This human right is now codified in numerous national constitutions, as well as legally binding international human rights treaties, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.Although medical care and access to medicines are vital features of the right to health

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25

Köster-Steinebach, Ilona. "Reformoptionen der gemeinsamen Selbstverwaltung zwischen Gemeinwohl und Partikularinteressen: die Rolle der Patienten." Sozialer Fortschritt 68, no. 6-7 (2019): 547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/sfo.68.6-7.547.

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Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf des Textes wird gezeigt, dass das im Zusammenhang mit der Legitimation des G-BA diskutierte „Außenseiterproblem“ bezüglich der Verletzung von Grundrechten hinter der Bedeutung der legitimen Ansprüche von Patient*innen auf effektive Umsetzung ihres Rechtes auf Leben und körperliche Unversehrtheit (Art. 2 Abs. 2 GG) zurücktreten muss. Grundrechte sind individuell, nicht verhandelbar und es darf nicht von Verhandlungslösungen abhängen, in welchem Umfang sie gewährt werden, zumal nachgewiesen wurde, dass die derzeit entscheidungsberechtigten Akteure der gemeinsamen Selb

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Coid, Jeremy. "Aetiological risk factors for personality disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 6 (1999): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.6.530.

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BackgroundElucidation of aetiological processes leading to development of Axis II disorders is important in category validation and could lead to new treatments.AimsTo establish aetiological associations between Axis II disorders and specific risk factors.MethodMale and female subjects (n=260) in maximum security hospitals and prisons were interviewed to determine DSM-III Axis II and lifetime Axis I diagnoses. Aetiological risk factors were obtained at interview and from case files. Independent statistical associations were established by logistic regression.ResultsAxis II categories were divi

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Peters, Deniz. "Musical Empathy, Emotional Co-Constitution, and the “Musical Other”." Empirical Musicology Review 10, no. 1-2 (2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v10i1-2.4611.

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Musical experience can confront us with emotions that are not currently ours. We might remain unaffected by them, or be affected: retreat from them in avoidance, or embrace them and experience them as ours. This suggests that they are another&rsquo;s. Whose are they? Do we arrive at them through empathy, turning our interest to the music as we do to others in an interpersonal encounter? In addressing these questions, I differentiate between musical and social empathy, rejecting the idea that the emotions arise as a direct consequence of empathizing with composers or performers. I argue tha

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Idesis, I. V. "CITY CHARTERS AS THE LOCAL CONSTITUTIONS." Знання європейського права, no. 3 (September 7, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/chern.v0i3.220.

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The statutes of territorial communities of cities have become more and more common subject of research of scientists in Ukraine since the processes of decentralization of public power became actualized and became more intensive. A number of scholars call these statutes “local constitutions”. The article deals with the comparative analysis of the formal and essential characteristics of the city charters and constitutions. The aim of the comparison was to evaluate, if it is correct to write about the city charters as about the local constitutions, municipal constitutions etc. If we c

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29

Nishimura, Akira. "Are Public Commemorations in Contemporary Japan Post-secular?" Journal of Religion in Japan 5, no. 2-3 (2016): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-00502004.

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This paper asks whether public commemorations in contemporary Japan are post-secular or not. More precisely, it investigates the postwar history of the relationship between such commemorations and the principle of keeping religion and government separate, as embodied in the constitution. Referring to several contemporary cases, I provide an overview of the discourses and actual conditions of the separation of religion and state at Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery (Chidorigafuchi Kokuritsu Senbotsusha Boen 千鳥ヶ淵国立戦没者墓苑) and Yasukuni Shrine (Yasukuni Jinja 靖国神社). In conclusion, I point out on one

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30

Williams, Mandy, Sue Turner, Emily Butler, and Jason Gardosi. "Fetal growth surveillance – Current guidelines, practices and challenges." Ultrasound 26, no. 2 (2018): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18760657.

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Antenatal surveillance of fetal growth is an essential part of good maternity care, as lack of detection of fetal growth restriction is directly associated with stillbirth and perinatal morbidity. New algorithms and guidelines provide care pathways which rely on regular third trimester ultrasound biometry and plotting of estimated fetal weight in pregnancies considered to be at increased risk, and their implementation has increased pressures on ultrasound resources. Customised growth charts have improved the distinction between constitutional and pathological smallness and reduced unnecessary

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Karpenko, A. "Conceptual principles of the organization of the agricultural land land market in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2 (143) (December 27, 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2018-143-2-40-47.

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The article assesses the current state of the land fund of Ukraine in the light of the transformation processes of ownership. It is determined that after the reforms carried out, along with changes in the forms of land tenure, the forms of management have changed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the forms of management of the individual type, popular in Europe, are gaining momentum in Ukraine, which is manifested in the gradual growth of the area of farms. It is noted that a significant proportion of private land holdings speaks of a sufficiently formed proposal in a potential land marke

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Alonso García, Serena. "The Relationship between the Spanish Government and the Pharmaceutical Company (Gilead) during the Hepatitis C crisis in Spain." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 45 (June 29, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.45.5.

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This research note investigates the pattern of governance that underpinned the management of the Hepatitis C crisis that took place in Spain in 2014. By navigating through the facts, one can see how the private interests of a multinational company – Gilead, the patent holder of the new treatment for the Hepatitis C virus – were capable of exerting pressure on Spain, a highly developed state, to a point where the government applied measures that contradicted the country’s Constitution and caused 4000 avoidable deaths. Different theories of governance will be used to try to explain the new dynam

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Liu, Xinqiao, Xueheng Gao, and Siqing Ping. "Post-1990s College Students Academic Sustainability: The Role of Negative Emotions, Achievement Goals, and Self-efficacy on Academic Performance." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030775.

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In 1982, the “one-child policy” was implemented by China’s Constitution, which led to the majority of post-1990s college students in China being the only child in their family. Unique characteristics have been demonstrated in psychological development of post-1990s Chinese college students due to the lack of sibling companionship, and the relationship between their psychological state and academic performance can affect their future academic sustainability. This paper used Beijing College Students Panel Survey (BCSPS) data to study the role of negative emotions, achievement goals, and academic

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Juwana, Hikmahanto. "Kewajiban Negara dalam Proses Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional: Memastikan Keselarasan dengan Konstitusi dan Mentransformasikan ke Hukum Nasional." Undang: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ujh.2.1.1-32.

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This article seeks to discuss responsibilities the state should take into consideration in the ratification process of international agreements. Such a discussion is needed due to many international agreements that Indonesia has participated in, either by signing orby ratification in the forms of legislations or presidential decrees. It is concluded from the article that there are two responsibilities have to be taken in the process of ratification; first, ensuring the compliance of any international agreements with the Constitution. Not only do the Constitution functions as agrand norm in the

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M. W., Muthoga,. "Client Satisfaction with Public Housing Maintenance Contractors: A Case Study of Nairobi City County." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, `10 (2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i10.cs01.

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Coupled with the challenge of housing shortage in view of the growing urban population in Nairobi City County currently at 4.4 Million, the public housing sector is faced with deteriorating quality housing particularly for the low income residents and Public residential units, characterized by a poor state of maintenance. The foregoing points to an infringement of the right of access to adequate and decent housing as a basic right for every Kenyan as entrenched in the bill of rights in the constitution of Kenya, 2010. In an effort to transform the foregoing scenario, the County Government of N

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Ri, Masaki, Shinsuke Iida, Takayuki Nakashima та ін. "Establishment and Characterization of Bortezomib-Resistant Myeloma Cell Lines: A Possible Role of Mutated Proteasome β5 Subunit in Preventing the Accumulation of Unfolded Protein, Which Is Otherwise Followed by Catastrophic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress." Blood 114, № 22 (2009): 3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3772.3772.

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Abstract Abstract 3772 Poster Board III-708 [Purpose] Bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, has been introduced into the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). It shows remarkable response against both relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed MM. However, it is often encountered that BTZ treatment achieves very short duration of response and permits early drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying this drug resistance is necessary to develop novel treatments to overcome this problem. [Materials & Methods] We established two stable BTZ-resistant MM cell lines, KMS-1

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Dickinson, H. T. "Politics and the People in the Reign of George III - Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales, 1790–1810. By John. Bohstedt. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. x + 310. $30.00 (cloth). - Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain: Reflections on the British Avoidance of Revolution. By Ian R. Christie. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. Pp. 226. - For King, Constitution, and Country: The English Loyalists and the French Revolution. By Robert R. Dozier. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. xii + 213. $22.00 (cloth). - The Younger Pitt: The Reluctant Transition. By John Ehrman. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1983. Pp. xiv + 689. $39.50 (cloth). - Electoral Behavior in Unreformed England: Plumpers, Splitters and Straights. By John A. Phillips. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. Pp. xx + 353. $35.00 (cloth). - English Radicals and Reformers, 1760–1848. By Edward Royle and James Walvin. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1982. Pp. 233. $18.50 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 24, no. 4 (1985): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385851.

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Boiki, Kago K. Y. "THE EASY WAY OUT? CONSTITUTIONAL AVOIDANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN RIGHT ENFORCEMENT IN BOTSWANA." Pretoria Student Law Review, no. 13 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.29053/pslr.v13i.1862.

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This article seeks to examine the doctrine of constitutional avoidance and assess whether it has had an impact on the protection of Human Rights in BotswanaBotswana through the courts. This article will begin with the definition the doctrine of constitutional avoidance. This will be followed by an overview of Botswana’s constitution and its Human Rights framework. The article will then go on to discuss the application of constitutional avoidance in Botswana, highlighting some case law that has been instrumental in the development of the doctrine of constitutional avoidance.

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Berry, William W. "Criminal Constitutional Avoidance." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2214807.

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Wang, Shucheng. "(Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine Revisited)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2980673.

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Fish, Eric S. "Constitutional Avoidance as Interpretation and as Remedy." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2585201.

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Hapsari, Dyana. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2016 -2018." AKSES: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 14, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/akses.v14i2.3269.

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Abstract In conducting this research, the aim is to analyze and find out the causes that lead to Tax Avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The following factors that influence Tax Avoidance include Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Capital Intensity, Sales Growth and Constitutional Ownership. The dependent variable is Tax Avoidance which is measured using Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). This study uses independent variables, namely research Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Capital Intensity, Sales Growth and Constitutional Ow

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Olaj, Anton. "Pomisleki in dileme o normativnem okviru instituta pomilostitve [Scruples and Dilemmas of the Institute of Clemency Regulatory Framework]." Central European Public Administration Review 15, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2017.2.05.

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Normativni okvir instituta pomilostitve izhaja iz Ustave RS, ki je vsebinsko razčlenjena z zakonodajno intervencijo. Podrobno branje in interpretacija Zakona o pomilostitvi nakazujeta na nekatere dileme in pomisleke v smeri nedopustnega oženja izključne izvirne ustavne pristojnosti predsednika republike. Da bi se izognili dvomom, bi bila potrebna dopolnitev Ustave v šesti alineji prvega odstavka 107. člena, npr. z oblikovano določbo, da predsednik republike odloča o pomilostitvah »na način, kakor je to določeno z zakonom«. Zakon o pomilostitvi je mogoče do takrat z zgodovinsko objektivistično

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Melle, Marco C. "Der OECD-Aktionsplan gegen die Steuervermeidung multinationaler Unternehmen – eine ordnungsökonomische Analyse der Maßnahmen und Reformoptionen." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 64, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2015-0209.

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AbstractOn July, 19th, 2013 the OECD published an „Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting“, a catalogue of 15 actions against the tax avoidance strategies of multinational companies. The intention of the present paper is to investigate and evaluate if such a coordination of the national policies is necessary from a constitutional economics perspective. The thesis is that the planned actions against the tax avoidance strategies of multinational companies can strengthen the relation of the national corporation tax revenues to the use of public goods. However, the question arises if for

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"“The Executive Branch Shall Construe”: The Canon of Constitutional Avoidance and the Presidential Signing Statement." Kansas Law Review, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/1808.19999.

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"Should the Supreme Court Presume That Congress Acts Constitutionally? The Role of the Canon of Avoidance and Reliance on Early Legislative Practice in Constitutional Interpretation." Harvard Law Review 116, no. 6 (2003): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1342713.

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Walker, Christopher J. "A Brand X Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance: Avoiding Normative Canons in the Review of Administrative Interpretations of the Law." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1909304.

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"The Avoidance of Constitutional Questions and the Preservation of Judicial Review: Federal Court Treatment of the New Habeas Provisions." Harvard Law Review 111, no. 6 (1998): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1342193.

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BV Slade. "THE EFFECT OF AVOIDING THE FNB METHODOLOGY IN SECTION 25 DISPUTES." Obiter 40, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v40i1.11306.

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In First National Bank of SA Ltd t/a Wesbank v Commissioner, South African Revenue Service; First National Bank of SA Ltd t/a Wesbank v Minister of Finance (FNB), the Constitutional Court set out a particular methodology with regard to the adjudication of section 25 disputes. In terms of this methodology, all expropriations in terms of section 25(2) must satisfy the requirements for a valid deprivation in terms of section 25(1). Therefore, the starting point of any constitutional property dispute is section 25(1). However, subsequent case law shows that the methodology proposed by the court is

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Comín, Francisco. "La corrupción permanente: el fraude fiscal en España." HISPANIA NOVA. Primera Revista de Historia Contemporánea on-line en castellano. Segunda Época, January 29, 2018, 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/hn.2018.4046.

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Resumen: La transición del régimen absolutista al Estado liberal no acabó con la corrupción pública ni con el fraude fiscal asociado, a pesar de las impecables constituciones y las reformas fiscales. Las prácticas fiscales fraudulentas del Antiguo Régimen persistieron en el sistema tributario del Estado liberal, implantado en la reforma tributaria de 1845 y mantenido hasta la reforma tributaria de 1977. Aquel sistema tributario sufrió cambios, por la incorporación de nuevos tributos y cuerpos inspectores; asimismo, cambió su configuración política de régimen constitucional con sufragio censita

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