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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constitutional courts of justice'
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1
Moran, Katherine E. Ms. "Comparing and Contrasting the Constitutional Approaches of Justice Scalia and Justice Breyer Through the Pending Supreme Court Case Schwarzenegger V Entertainment Merchants Association." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/174.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore the differences and similarities between Justice Antonin Scalia’s textualist approach to interpreting the Constitution and Justice Stephen Breyer’s Living Constitution approach (also called the evolutionist approach) by applying these disparate legal theories to Schwarzenegger v Entertainment Merchants Association, a case currently pending before the Supreme Court whose resolution centers on the interpretation of the First Amendment. The textualist approach relies primarily on interpreting the original meaning of the text of the Constitution, and attempting to decide cases in a way that is faithful to an amendment’s words as written (Rossum et al. 4). The Living Constitution, or evolutionist approach to constitutional interpretation, contends that the meaning of the Constitution evolves with the standards of society, and the purpose or intent behind the Constitution or an amendment is as important, if not more so, than the literal language when interpreting a Constitutional amendment as it applies to actual cases as they arise (8). These two approaches are fundamentally oppositional, and Justices Scalia and Breyer are the very embodiment of these approaches on the Supreme Court today; each man avidly defends his respective approach in his opinions and other written works, and each exhibits the logic of these approaches in his decisions. The purpose of choosing a case that is undecided (at the time of this writing) is to explore and flesh out the actual decision-making process of both Justices and their constitutional theories, rather than merely critiquing their decisions and holdings in a case that has already been adjudicated. This exploration is particularly useful because it allows one to decipher how these approaches are similar and different in interpreting the Constitution.
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Hilly, Laura Ellen. "Experienced justice : gender, judging and appellate courts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3f64853-898a-4c01-a17e-819d6a095f52.
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The under-representation of women in the senior appellate judiciary in common law jurisdictions remains an enduring problem. Much has been written about the lack of women’s participation in the judiciary and what strategies, if any, should be undertaken in order to resolve this persistent problem. However, this thesis takes a step back to ask a broader question: what impact does gender diversity have upon judicial decision making in appellate courts? It seeks to answer this question by engaging feminist standpoint theory to assess the experiences of men and women judges from three common law jurisdictions: England, South Africa and Australia. Through a series of interviews conducted with members of the senior judiciary in these jurisdictions in 2012 and 2013, this thesis explores the extent that interviewees consider that gendered experiences impact upon their own judging, and judging within the dynamics of collegiate appellate courts. This thesis concludes that while it is not possible to pinpoint one particular ‘contribution’ or ‘impact’ that gendered experiences have upon judging, it is nonetheless generally considered by those interviewed to be an important part of the judicial decision making process in several subtle, yet important, ways. Because of the considerable role that diverse gendered experiences play in judicial decision making, appointments processes should be sensitised to the need for diversity of experience and alive to the danger of ostensibly neutral appointment criteria devaluing diverse experiences, particularly the experiences of women in the law.
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Lebedel, Sophie. "Le précédent dans les décisions des cours constitutionnelles : Étude comparée des expériences française, espagnole et italienne de justice constitutionnelle." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0067.
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La règle du précédent, clé de voûte de la Common law, impose au juge de respecter les décisions analogues précédentes, en l’absence de justification pour se départir de celles-ci. Cette règle est donc logiquement absente de la théorie du droit romano-germanique, selon laquelle, schématiquement, le juge n’est soumis qu’à la loi. Pourtant, l’étude des décisions des juridictions de tradition romaniste et, plus précisément, des cours constitutionnelles montrent que ces dernières n’hésitent pas à appliquer la règle du précédent. Il ne s’agit pas d’une volonté de se soumettre à un précédent contraignant et obligatoire, mais de juger en conformité et dans la logique des solutions antérieurement adoptées. L’autorité du précédent constitutionnel est donc, le plus souvent, psychologique et le juge constitutionnel peut renoncer à l’appliquer lorsqu’il l’estime nécessaire. Le précédent devient ainsi un instrument judiciaire universel, permettant d’assurer, indifféremment du système juridique, l’uniformité et la cohérence de la jurisprudencePrecedent, the key-stone of Common law, obliges the Court to comply with analogous preceding decisions, in the absence of justification for abandoning them. This rule is therefore logically absent from the theory of Civil law, according to which, schematically, the Court is only bound by written law. Nevertheless, the study of court decisions in Civil law systems and, more exactly, those of constitutional courts show that they do not hesitate to apply the rules of precedent. It is not a question of a will to be held by a binding and obligatory precedent, but to judge in conformity and within the logic of previously adopted solutions. The authority of constitutional precedent is therefore, more often than not, psychological and the constitutional court can desist from applying it when it deems necessary. Precedent thus becomes a universal judicial instrument, enabling to ensure, regardless of the legal system, the uniformity and the coherence of case-law
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Hatry, Sarah. "Le principe constitutionnel d'autonomie de la justice pénale des mineurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0346/document.
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L’autonomie de la justice pénale des mineurs est un principe essentiel du droit français, bénéficiant d’un large ancrage dans la législation et les concepts républicains. Ce principe repose sur une approche protectrice et humaniste de l’enfance délinquante. Cependant, il n’a pas fait l’objet d’une consolidation constitutionnelle suffisante jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Le mouvement amorcé en 2002 de déspécialisation de la justice pénale des mineurs et son rapprochement avec la justice pénale des adultes en témoigne. Il sera proposé des pistes pour opérer une véritable consolidation constitutionnelle du principe d’autonomie de la justice pénale des mineurs et pour améliorer la protection constitutionnelle spécifique des mineurs délinquantsThe autonomy of the juvenile criminal justice is a fundamental rule of the French law rooted in the legislation and the republican principles. This rule is based on a protective and humanistic approach of the juvenile delinquency. However, it has not been sufficiently consolidated to date. This fact is evidenced by the process of “despecialisation” of the juvenile criminal justice and its rapprochement with the criminal justice system for adults, which started in 2002. Ways to realise a real constitutional consolidation of the principle of the autonomy of the juvenile criminal justice and to improve the specific constitutional protection of juvenile delinquents will be suggested
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Valiullina, Farida. "Dialogue of the Courts in Europe: Interactions between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Courts of the ECHR Member States." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18609.
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Aufgrund des wachsenden Bedarfs an kohärenter Interaktion zwischen dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, dem Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union und den Gerichten der EMRK-Mitgliedstaaten, untersucht diese Arbeit die Problematik von Kompetenzkonflikten, die die Glaubwürdigkeit der europäischen und nationalen Gerichtshöfe untergraben und die Effektivität des gerichtlichen Rechtsschutzes in Europa schwächen, und schlägt die Lösungen vor, um Rechtsprechungskonflikte zwischen den Gerichtshöfen zu verringern. Es erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Fragen, wie Inkonsistenzen der gerichtlichen Rechtsprechung der europäischen und nationalen Gerichte vermieden werden können, wie der Beitritt der EU zur EMRK angegangen werden kann und wie das Piloturteilsverfahren des EGMR und nationalen gerichtlichen Überprüfungsverfahren wirksam funktionieren kann. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es für die Koordination der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Gerichten wichtig ist, ihre Interaktionen zu verstärken, indem bewährte Verfahren auf allen Ebenen ausgetauscht werden. Um eine tiefere Integration der Staaten in die europäische und internationale Gemeinschaft zu erreichen und das Risiko von sich widersprechenden gerichtlichen Entscheidungen zu reduzieren, wird von den Mitgliedstaaten erwartet, dass sie ihre Verpflichtungen aus dem EU-Recht und der EMRK verlässlich erfüllen, und die europäischen Gerichtshöfe werden ihrerseits die Möglichkeit eines Eingriffs in die Souveränität der Staaten ausschlieβen lassen. Nur wenn einvernehmlich beschlossene Lösungen angenommen werden, wird eine größere Kohärenz in Rechtsprechung der europäischen und nationalen Gerichtshöfe erreicht und ein einheitliches System zum Schutz der Menschenrechte gewährleistet.In light of the growing need to establish a coherent relationship between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the courts of the ECHR member states, this study explores the challenges of jurisdictional competition that undermine the credibility of the courts and weaken the effectiveness of judicial protection of fundamental rights in Europe, and suggests ways to reduce emerging judicial tensions between these courts. It examines how to avoid inconsistencies in judicial practices of the European and national courts, how to approach accession of the EU to the ECHR, and how to ensure effective functioning of the pilot judgment mechanism and national judicial review procedures. It concludes that in order to coordinate cooperation between the courts it is important to strengthen their interactions through adhering to best practices at all levels. To pursue deeper integration of states into the European and international community and minimise the chance of rendering contradicting judgments by the courts, member states are expected to comply faithfully with their obligations under EU law and the ECHR, and the European courts shall exclude the possibility of encroachment on state sovereignty. Only if mutually agreed solutions are adopted will a greater consistency in their case law be achieved and a uniform system of protection of human rights ensured.
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Jurion, Roxane. "La jurisprudence économique du Conseil constitutionnel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0176.
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La thèse porte sur le contenu économique de la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel. Il s'agit, dans un premier temps, de délimiter l'ensemble des décisions de cette jurisprudence qu'on peut qualifier d'économiques. Cette étape vise à s'interroger sur la spécificité de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle dans ce domaine. L'hypothèse centrale consiste dans l'idée d'une marge de pouvoir discrétionnaire laissée au législateur s'agissant des grands choix de politique économique. Cette étude jurisprudentielle aboutit donc à une conclusion plus générale en ce qui concerne le contenu économique de la Constitution de 1958. La faible contrainte constitutionnelle sur la politique économique nationale peut être interprétée comme une forme de « neutralité économique » de la constitution. En dépit de cette neutralité apparente, il est possible de déceler une philosophie économique sous-jacente dans la jurisprudence constitutionnelle relative tant aux limites opposables au législateur qu’à la répartition des pouvoirs en termes de politique économique. L’analyse jurisprudentielle est confrontée aux grands courants de pensée économique et soulève les difficultés posées par la construction européenne, à l’heure où celle-ci fait peser un certain nombre de contraintes sur la politique économique des États et dans un contexte appelant à une redéfinition des rapports structurants entre droit, économie et politiqueThe research analyses the economic content of the decisions of the French constitutional court. Which decisions can be qualified as economic decisions ? Is there a specificity of such economic decisions compared to other kinds of decisions ? We conclude that as far as economic policies are concerned we can observe a marked judicial self-restraint of the court. This judicial self-restraint can be interpreted as a sign of a kind of ″economic neutrality″ of the French constitution. Despite this apparent neutrality, it is possible to detect an underlying philosophy in the Constitutional Council’s decisions related to the judicial limitation of the legislator’s intervention and to the division of powers in the matter of economic policy. The analysis will be compared with the economic thinking, and will take into account the European construction, at a time when European Union impose burdens on Member States’ economic policies, and in a context calling for a redefinition of the structural links between law, economics and policy
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Carrick, Ross Dale. "Court of Justice of the European Union as a democratic forum." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7797.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the procedural democratic legitimacy of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court of Justice has been instrumental in the construction of the European Union. Through its interpretation of the Treaty of Rome since the 1960s, it has constituted a legal system distinctive in kind. In contrast to orthodox instances of the political community – international organisations and the nation-state – the EU exemplifies no general type. Its legal, constitutional, political, economic and social infrastructures are part of a complex and pervasive web of overlapping jurisdictions that goes some way beyond the ordinary international organisation (by virtue of constitutional principles such as direct effect and citizenship), but not quite as far as the nation-state (e.g. sovereignty contestation). This being the case, its interlocutors have long since understood that the EU is in a state of transformation – it is itself a project and a process, the end result of which (finalité) is unknown. As such, many questions have been asked about the legitimacy of this process; and, given the Court of Justice’s (in)famous generative role within this process, the Court also finds itself the subject of such scrutiny. The legitimacy of the Court of Justice has been the focus of attention from both academics and practitioners. Most of that attention has been on the Court’s jurisprudence and jurisdiction – scrutinising the legal reasoning of cases; or questioning the limits of its constitutional functions according to axiomatic conceptions of, for example, the separation of powers doctrine. By contrast, less attention has been paid to the democratic legitimacy of the Court of Justice, and much less in relation to the Court’s institutional design. The subject-matter of the analysis in this thesis is the Court’s structures and processes, such as: the composition and appointments processes for members of the Court; the mechanisms that give access to various kinds of participants (such as locus standi and third-party intervention); and the use of judicial chambers. Procedural democratic legitimacy, moreover, has two dimensions: intrinsic and instrumental. The intrinsic is a measure of the democratic credentials of the Court as a discrete decision-making authority (such as representativeness and democratic participation); whereas the instrumental is concerned with the ways in which the Court contributes to the overall democratic legitimacy of the EU. In this thesis, the structures and processes of the Court of Justice are examined in light of both of those criteria. In contrast to prevailing approaches of constitutional theorists – who tend to treat these criteria as functions that are quite discrete, and their performance as mutually exclusive – an important theoretical contribution of this thesis is to develop an analytical framework that allows for the inherent synergies and tensions that exist between intrinsic and instrumental criteria to be factored into analyses of the democratic legitimacy of constitutional courts.
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Bučiuvienė, Roma. "Konstitucinio teisminio proceso pagrindiniai bruožai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090122_140233-46635.
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Šiame darbe siekiama atskleisti konstitucinio teisėtumo ir teisėtumo sampratą mokslinėje literatūroje. Remiantis normine literatūra siekiama išanalizuoti Lietuvos Konstitucinio Teismo ir kitų teisminių institucijų funkcijas, jų tarpusavio ryšį. Konstitucinio teisminio proceso pagrindiniai bruožai atskleidžiami civilinės, baudžiamosios, administracinės bei Čekijos ir Lenkijos konstitucinės teisenos kontekste. Pateikiama teismo proceso samprata, teismo proceso principai, analizuojamos stadijos, proceso subjektai, sprendimų rūšys. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimams, nes šie baigiamieji konstitucinės justicijos bylos teisės aktai turi įtakos teisėkūrai, bendrosios ir specialiosios kompetencijos teismams bei visai teisės sistemai apskritai.This work is aimed at finding out the concept of legalicy and constitutional legalicy in academic literature. Considering law literature to analize functions of the Constitutional court and other courts of Lithuania and relation between them. The main features of the Constitutional court process are disclosed in the context of civil, criminal, administrative as well as Czeck and Poland constitutional proceedings. This work presents the concept of proceeding. It also analyzes the main principles, stages, subjects and judgements of proceeding. The main attention is paid to judgements of the Constitutional court as these documents influence the legislation of law, other courts of Lithuania and the system of law in general.
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Pilybaitė, Indrė. "Konstitucinės justicijos institucijos Baltijos šalyse (Estija, Latvija, Lietuva)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070104_201731-70757.
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In this work author pursuing to compare Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian institutions of the constitutional justice, bring out similarities and differences. To take notice of place of these institutions in states government system, method of formation, judge status, jurisdiction of institutions, process basic features, and determined judgments legal force.
Of every democratic countries law systems fundament is constitution, so it is very important to guarantee the supremacy of law. Undoubtedly institutions of constitutional justice takes up one of the important place in assurance of constitutional conformity in state.
author analyses institutions which implement constitutional control in most related neighbor countries: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In Lithuania and Latvia to fulfill this function there are established special institutions – Constitutional courts, meanwhile in Estonia this function is dedicated to supreme instance of common court system – Supreme Court, and if to make clear, one of constituent part of this court – Constitutional Review Chamber.
Also, the fundamental models of constitutional justice and it's variety, and the history of constitutional justice institutions in Baltic states were discussed in brief in this work. Author analyses, why these institutions are considered to be a part of common court system. Basing on descriptive, comparative and analysis method were investigated the order of these institution formation, legal status of judges, the... [to full text]
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Arend, Ayesha. "Attaining Justice through ‘Just and Equitable Compensation': A critique of South African courts' current approach to section 25(3) of The Constitution, and determining whether ‘Expropriation without Compensation' may be considered ‘Just and Equitable'." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32445.
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The land debate regarding just and equitable compensation and the potential 'expropriation without compensation' amendment to section 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 has been a contentious issue in South Africa over the past year. Owing to colonialism and the apartheid regime, secured land rights and control were reserved for the white minority. This resulted in the mass dispossession of land that was owned and/or controlled by black, coloured and Asian people. In light of our country's deplorable history of land dispossession, section 25(1) of the Constitution was included to command that no person be deprived of property except in terms of law of general application. In addition, in accordance with section 25(2), property may be expropriated only in terms of law of general application for a public purpose and subject to compensation. However, despite the inclusion of these transformative provisions, 25 years into our constitutional democracy, a large portion of previously disadvantaged individuals remain disadvantaged owing to socio-economic oppression, their inability to secure land rights and the country's slow-moving land reform process. This dissertation is based on the notion that transformation in the area of land reform has been conducted at a glacial pace, owing to South African courts' market value-centred approach to determining just and equitable compensation amounts that are to be awarded in expropriation cases. By analysing sections 25(2), 25(3) and 25(8) of the Constitution, the courts' constitutional jurisprudence and academic literature, this dissertation aims to investigate whether it is necessary for the courts to re-evaluate the approaches taken during the initial stages of land reform; considering the need for a speedier land reform process. Upon considering the current composition of section 25(3), I contend that if the courts alter their approach to legal interpretation by placing more weight on a purposive approach when interpreting this section's requirement of 'just and equitable compensation', the results of expropriation cases will give effect to the transformative values that underpin section 25 - hence the Constitution need not be amended to allow for expropriation without compensation in order to give effect to land reform as envisioned in section 25(8). This increased purposive approach to interpretation will encourage the courts to adopt an inclusive interpretation of 'just and equitable compensation' which allows for the expropriation of land with compensation, without compensation and with partial compensation.
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Malhière, Fanny. "La brièveté des décisions de justice (Cour de cassation, Conseil d'Etat, Conseil constitutionnel) : Contribution à l'étude des représentations de la justice." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10044.
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Considérée depuis plus de deux siècles comme une tradition intangible, la brièveté des décisions de justice est aujourd'hui remise en question par les juridictions suprêmes françaises. Les évolutions actuelles de la justice conduisent les juges à s'interroger sur le maintien de la concision caractéristique de leurs décisions. Ce questionnement s'inscrit dans une réflexion globale sur la fonction de juger. Le style des décisions est en effet lié à une certaine représentation de la justice. Dès lors, il convient de mettre au jour la représentation exprimée par la brièveté des décisions et celle qu'appellerait un mode de rédaction plus long. L'étude des significations prises par la brièveté des décisions montre qu'elle exprime la puissance refusée de la justice et se heurte à l'exercice du pouvoir de juger. Le caractère ambivalent de la brièveté permet de montrer le paradoxe qui traverse l'histoire de la justice française. En se taisant, le juge a entretenu jusqu'à présent la fiction du juge bouche de la loi tout en exerçant son pouvoir créateur. Son pouvoir ne faisant désormais plus de doute, le juge doit l'assumer à travers une rédaction plus développée de ses décisionsConsidered for over two centuries as an established tradition, courts' brevity decisions is now challenged by French's supreme courts. Current developments of justice lead judges to highlight the necessity or not to maintain one of their main singularity which is to writ short decisions. This question is part of an overall consideration of the judicial function. The way the decisions are written is indeed related to some representations of justice. Then, it's necessary to update the judicial function's representation which is now also expressed by decisions' brevity. The study of the brevity meanings points out that brevity expresses a denied power of justice and faces the judge's power exercise. The ambivalent nature of brevity shows an historical paradox which is present through the history of French justice. By remaining silent, the judge has so far maintained the fiction of a non creative judge while exercising his creative power. No longer in doubt, the judge's power must be assumed through a more developed writing of its decisions
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Magaldi, Serna Jalil. "La légitimité du contrôle diffus dans le système colombien de justice constitutionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0112/document.
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Le système de justice constitutionnelle colombien est caractérisé par la richesse des moyens de protection de la constitution qu’il consacre. D’une part, il comprend un contrôle concentré dont la légitimité démocratique n’est guère questionnable au regard de son ouverture à la participation des citoyens et de son incidence autant sur la protection abstraite des droits fondamentaux que le sur contrôle des poids et contrepoids institutionnels. D’autre part, il existe un contrôle diffus qui, bien qu’il soit entré en vigueur au même moment que le contrôle concentré, n’a pas été véritablement au centre de la pensée juridique classique en Colombie. Il a fait l’objet d’un traitement très léger par la doctrine, la jurisprudence et la formation universitaire des juristes. En revanche, la culture juridique majoritaire, fortement « légicentriste », a conduit à des craintes autour de son utilisation qui se sont maintenues jusqu’à nos jours, malgré la transformation du droit impliquée par la Constitution de 1991. De plus, les contrôles diffus et concentré ne sont pas nés de manière coordonnée, la fonction de chacun n’étant pas délimitée. Tout au contraire, les dispositions qui les consacrent dans la Charte constitutionnelle octroient une portée très large au deux. Ainsi, l’étude s’achève-t-elle en proposant une conception du contrôle diffus qui interagisse de manière harmonieuse avec le contrôle concentré, afin de régler autant les inconstitutionnalités abstraites que concrètes. La thèse analyse donc quel a été - et quel devrait être - la place du contrôle diffus dans le système de justice constitutionnelle colombien en recourant à diverses méthodes de sciences socialesThe Colombian judicial review system is characterized by its wealth of methods of control. On the one hand, it has a concentrated control that reduces the democratic objection, comparatively speaking, because of the aperture to participation in its procedure and its impact both on the abstract protection of fundamental rights and on the control of respect for the checks and balances system. On the other hand, there is a diffuse control that, despite having entered into force at the same time as the concentrated control, has not been at the center of Colombian legal thought. In effect, its doctrinal and jurisprudential treatment has been scarce and superficial in the training of lawyers and judges. This is explained by a strongly exegetical law culture in which the idea of the non-application of rules was seen as a direct affront. Thus, fears were raised about the use of this mechanism that remain presently, despite the transformation of the concept of law as a result of the constitution of 1991. Indeed, the diffuse and concentrated controls were not conceived in a coordinated way, delimiting the function of each. In fact, the provisions that establish them tend to grant a very broad scope to both of them. Finally, this study proposes a concept of diffuse control that must interact harmoniously with concentrated control to restrain abstract and concrete unconstitutionalities. This thesis then ultimately analyzes the role diffuse control has had in (and should have in) the Colombian system of judicial review through various methodologies of the social sciences
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Surin, Serge. "Les travaux préparatoires dans l'interprétation constitutionnelle finaliste des normes : essai de définition, perspective historique d’un débat juridique ancien, signification et effet d’une stratégie interprétative jurisprudentielle en droit constitutionnel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D054.
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L'interprétation constitutionnelle est une question récurrente dans le monde moderne. Le droit étant sujet à interprétation de la part de tout un chacun (juges, doctrine, simples citoyens), au point que «Juristes et simples citoyens acceptent et affirment (ou mettent en doute et refusent) des propositions sur ce que «dit le droit» de leur nation ou de leur État» (Ronald Dworkin). La question se pose de savoir qui, parmi ces différents acteurs, est le plus légitime pour affirmer une interprétation finaliste du droit s'imposant à tous. Au centre de cette interrogation, se trouve le juge constitutionnel, interprète habilité, ses jugements et les critiques visant ceux-ci. Mais l'interprétation prononcée par ce juge est parfois, voire souvent, mal acceptée, ce qui participe à l'affaiblissement de son autorité dans un système juridique concurrentiel marqué par le pluralisme tant au stade de la procédure de production qu'à celui de l'application du droit. Ainsi, si le juge a le privilège du rôle de juger, il a aussi la nécessaire vocation à être à son tour jugé. Cette nécessité s'explique par le fait que«Tout pouvoir est méchant dès qu'on le laisse faire [mais devient] sage dès qu'il se sent jugé.» (Alain). Dans ce contexte, la question de méthodes et outils utilisés par le juge-interprète devient elle aussi centrale car ceux-ci sont scrutés par tous, souvent au détriment d travail interprétatif complexe de ce juge. Parmi les outils et méthodes d'interprétation utilisés par celui-ci, se trouve l'usage des travaux préparatoires. En tant que supports d'une méthode d'interprétation juridique, ceux-ci posent problème. Au-delà de la question de la définition de la notion de travaux préparatoires, il convient de s'interroger sur le rôle, la force et la valeur de ces derniers dans l'interprétation constitutionnelle. Ainsi, cette thèse se donne pour objectif de tenter, du moins, d'apporter un début de réponse à ce questions, à travers une réflexion d'ensemble sur cette méthode d'interprétation dont le débat remonte, du moins, au Moyen AgeConstitutional interpretation has become a recurrent issue in modern world. Since the law is subject to interpretation by anyone (judges, doctrine. ordinary citizens), so that "jurists and ordinary citizens accept and affirm (or doubt and refuse) proposals on what the 'law says' of their nation or their state" (Ronald Dworkin), the question is who, among these various actors, is the most legitimate to affirm a finalist interpretation of the law imposing itself on everyone. At the center of this question is the constitutional judge, the empowered interpreter, his judgments and the criticisms raised by the latter. But the judge's interpretation is sometimes. even often, poorly accepte1 which contributes to the weakening of his authority in a competitive legal system marked by pluralism, bath at the stage of the production procedure and al that of the application of the law. Thus, if the judge has the privilege to judge, he also has the necessary vocation to b in turn judged. This necessity is explained by the fact that "Ali power is wicked as long as it can, [but becomes] wise when it feels judged (Alain). In such a context, the question of methods and tools used by the interpreting judge also becomes central because the latter are scrutinized by everyone, often at the expense of the complex interpretative work of the judge. Among these tools and methods c interpretation used by the judge is the use of preparatory work (Hansard). As the basis of a legal interpretation method, the latter become problematic. Beyond the question of the definition of the concept of preparatory work, it should be raised the questions of the role, fore and value of the latter in constitutional interpretation. Thus, this paper aims to try to give an initial answer to these questions, through general reflection on this interpretation method that has been debated, at least, from the Middle Ages
14
Birenbaum, Jordan Daniel. "“Parliamentary sovereignty rests with the courts:” The Constitutional Foundations of J. G. Diefenbaker’s Canadian Bill of Rights." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20672.
Full textAbstract:
The 1980s witnessed a judicial “rights revolution” in Canada characterized by the Supreme Court of Canada striking down both federal and provincial legislation which violated the rights guaranteed by the 1982 Charter of Rights. The lack of a similar judicial “rights revolution” in the wake of the 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights has largely been attributed to the structural difference between the two instruments with the latter – as a “mere” statute of the federal parliament – providing little more than a canon of construction and (unlike the Charter) not empowering the courts to engage in judicial review of legislation.
Yet this view contrasts starkly with how the Bill was portrayed by the Diefenbaker government, which argued that it provided for judicial review and would “prevail” over other federal legislation. Many modern scholars have dismissed the idea that the Bill could prevail over other federal statutes as being incompatible with the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. That is, a bill of rights could only prevail over legislation if incorporated into the British North America Act. As such, they argue that the Diefenbaker government could not have intended the Bill of Rights to operate as anything more than a canon of construction.
However, such a view ignores the turbulence in constitutional thinking on parliamentary sovereignty in the 1930s through 1960s provoked by the Statute of Westminster. This era produced the doctrine of “self-embracing” sovereignty – in contrast to traditional “Dicey” sovereignty – where parliament could limit itself through “ordinary” legislation. The effective author of the Canadian Bill of Rights, Elmer Driedger, was an adherent of this doctrine as well as an advocate of a “purposive” approach to statutory interpretation. Driedger, thus, drafted the Bill based upon the doctrine of self-embracing sovereignty and believed it would enjoy a “purposive” interpretation by the courts, with the Bill designed to be as effective at guaranteeing rights as the Statute of Westminster was at liberating Canada from Imperial legislation.
15
Badwaza, Yoseph Mulugeta. "Public interest litigation as practised by South African human rights NGOs : any lessons for Ethiopia?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1135.
Full textAbstract:
"It is against this backdrop of unsatisfacotry enforcement of fundamental human rights enshrined in the Constitution that the role of human rights NGOs in Ethiopia should come to the fore. Thus, apart from monitoring violations and conducting legal awareness programs, there is a need for human rights NGOs in Ethiopia to engage in public interest litigation with a view to facilitating the judical enforcement of fundamental rights representing those who, for various reasons, can not access courts. A number of reasons could be provided to justify why the South African system has been chosen for a lesson to Ethiopia. One reason could be the legal framework put in place to address issues of acces to justice in South Africa. Standing is a crucial question in any venture of public interest litigation. Section 38(d) of the South African Constitution entitles anyone acting in the public interest to approach a competent court and seek remedies when they feel that a fundamental right is infringed or threatened. This very liberal approach to standing is not common in many legal systems. For countries like Ethiopia where there is an extremely tight requirement of standing to institute civil proceedings in courts, such a liberal approach could be an inspiration. In addition to the guarantees given by the Constitution, in South Africa there exists a relatively advanced and dynamic system of subsidiary legislation that could facilitate the full utilisation of the constitutionally recognised rights of access to justice. More relevant to this dissertation are the human rights NGOs in South Africa that are engaged in human rights lawyering in general and public interest litigation in particular. Much could be learnt from the experiences of prominent human rights NGOs such as the Legal Resources Centre and Lawyers for Human Rights. In all, Ethiopia, where the activities of human rights NGOs have not yet gone further than the monitoring of violations and fragmented attempts of awareness raising campaigns, could indeed draw lessons from the South African experience in this regard. ... The study has five chapters. The first chapter deals with introductory matters such as objective, methodology and literature survey. In the second chapter, a working definition of the concept of public interest litigation, the rationale behind it, issues such as access to justice and locus standi will be discussed. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of public interest litigation as employed in different legal systems. With a view to providing a broad perspective to the practice the cases of France, the United States and Canada are presented. However, the chapter will focus more on the Indian and South African systems, mainly because of the nature of the problems public interest litigation addresses in the two countries. There will be a fourth chapter dedicated to the examination of the existing legal and institutional framework in Ethiopia in light of the background presented in the previous chapters. The fifth chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendations aimed at pointing out the major lessons to be drawn to introduce public interest litigation in Ethiopia." -- Introduction.Prepared under the supervision of Professor JR de Ville at the Community Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
16
Wade, Mame Ndiaga. "Accès au juge constitutionnel et constitutionnalisation du droit : approche comparée avec l'Allemagne, l'Italie et l'Espagne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1071/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'accès direct des individus à la justice constitutionnelle a tendance en Allemagne et Espagne, contrairement à la France et à Italie où il n’est pas prévu, à modifier la nature classiquement objective de la mission de constitutionnalisation du juge constitutionnel par les buts subjectifs poursuivis par les recours individuels directs. Il déclenche, le cas échéant, chez le juge constitutionnel une fonction autre que la simple constitutionnalisation du droit, qui demeure objective dans le cadre de l’accès indirect et l'entraîne sur le terrain de la fondamentalisation du droit, qui revêt des caractéristiques très subjectives. C'est ce qui explique la concurrence entre le juge constitutionnel et les juges ordinaires et européens, et conduit le premier à se comporter en cour suprême en Allemagne et en Espagne où existent ces voies de recours. La fondamentalisation, qui est un processus plus vaste que la constitutionnalisation, oblige également le juge constitutionnel à s’adapter et à prendre part à la "circulation des solutions juridiques"The direct access of individuals to constitutional justice has the tendency in Germany and Spain, contrary to France and Italy where it does not exist, to modify the current and objective nature of the mission of constitutionalisation of the constitutional judge through the subjective goals individual and direct recourses. It triggers, on the other hand, on the side of the constitutional judge another function than the simple constitutionalisation of law that remains objective in the case of the indirect access, which is leading to the fundamentalisation of law, which has very subjective features. This is explaining the competition between the constitutional judge and the ordinary and European courts that leads the first to behave in Supreme Court in Germany and Spain where those review procedures exist. The fundamentalisation, which is a wider process than the constitutionalisation one, also oblige the constitutional judge to adapt and to get involved in the “circulation of legal solutions”
17
Pignarre, Pierre-Emmanuel. "La Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, juridiction constitutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020018.
Full textAbstract:
La Cour de justice de l’Union européenne est aujourd’hui l’institution judiciaire qui fait l’objet de toutes les attentions de la part du monde scientifique. Elle serait même, derrière la Cour suprême des États-Unis, l’organe judiciaire le plus étudié au monde. Notre recherche propose de démontrer que la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne est une juridiction constitutionnelle. Tout d’abord, la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne dispose d’une légitimité qui peut être qualifiée de constitutionnelle tant au regard de ses composantes humaines que de sa procédure. La procédure de nomination ainsi que l’office des membres de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne caractérisent sa légitimité constitutionnelle subjective. L’étude des règles de procédure amène au constat que le procès à la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne à les attraits d’un procès constitutionnel. Elles caractérisent la légitimité constitutionnelle objective de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne.La Cour de justice dispose ensuite d’une compétence qui peut être qualifiée de constitutionnelle car elle exerce des attributions qui sont traditionnellement dévolues au juge constitutionnel. Ceci se vérifie tout d’abord dans le contrôle de la régularité des normes étatiques et européennes au droit de l’Union européenne lato sensu qui évoque le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois devant les juridictions constitutionnelles nationales. Cela se vérifie, ensuite, dans le contrôle de la répartition horizontale et verticale des compétences qu’exerce le juge de l’Union européenne et qui constitue l’une des attributions des juges constitutionnels dans les États fédéraux ou régionaux. Cela se vérifie, enfin, à l’aune de la garantie des droits fondamentaux, que le juge de l’Union européenne veille à préserver au sein de l’ordre juridique dont il est l’interprète authentiqueThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the judicial institution that nowadays garners the most attention from scholars. One could even claim that, after the Supreme Court of the United States, it is the most studied judicial organ in the world. This research aims to demonstrate that the CJEU is a constitutional court. First of all, the CJEU enjoys constitutional legitimacy that extends to its Members as well as its procedure. The appointment procedure and the function of the Members of the CJEU shape its subjective constitutional legitimacy. A thorough exploration of the rules of procedure leads to the finding that the process before the Court of Justice of the European Union has the trappings of a constitutional process. The latter give form to the objective constitutional legitimacy of the CJEU.The jurisdiction of the Court of Justice can be qualified as constitutional because it has powers which are traditionally vested in the constitutional judge. The CJEU reviews the conformity of both national and European acts with European Union law lato sensu, which is analogous to the constitutional review exercised by national constitutional courts. Secondly, it scrutinizes the horizontal and vertical distribution of powers, which is a typical attribute of constitutional judges in federal states. Finally, the constitutional similarities can be found in the realm of fundamental rights protection: the judge of the European Union ensures that these rights, of which he/she is the authentic interpreter, are upheld within the legal order
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Savasan, Zerrin. "The Eu Constitutional Treaty And Human Rights." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607585/index.pdf.
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The thesis seeks to answer the question whether the European Union (EU) constitutional treaty offers improved protection for human rights in the EU jurisdiction. Within this context, it first seeks to find out what the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the constitutional treaty promises for the human rights&rsquofield. Furthermore, it examines how the possible accession of the EU to the European Convention on Human Rights will affect this field. Then, it focuses on what the constitutional treaty offers for third countries concerning human rights. Finally, in the light of the recent developments on the treaty, the discussion enlightens the role of the constitutional treaty on protecting and developing human rights in the EU.
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Valčiukas, Juozas. "Parlamentai ir konstitucinės kontrolės institucijos Prancūzijoje ir Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100224_111243-92842.
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Mokslinis darbas parengtas aktualia tema, kurios svarbą lemia analizuojamo objekto daugiareikšmiškumas. Pagrindinis lyginamojo darbo objektas yra Prancūzijos ir Lietuvos Respublikos parlamento ir konstitucinės justicijos institucijos santykis įstatymų leidybos aspektu. Kitaip tariant, visi kiti šio santykio aspektai šiame darbe yra antriniai.
Pažymėtina, kad konstitucinė kontrolė atsirado būtent kaip įstatymų atitikties Konstitucijai kontrolė. Taigi konstitucinės justicijos santykis su įstatymų leidyba yra neabejotinas. Darbo pradžioje aptariama įstatymo samprata legicentrizmo ir konstitucionalizmo doktrinoje, Prancūzijos ir Lietuvos Respublikos parlamento įstatymų leidybos ypatumai. Antroje dalyje analizuojama konstitucinės justicijos formavimosi raida Prancūzijoje ir Lietuvoje, konstitucinės justicijos prigimties klausimai remiantis moksline doktrina. Trečioji darbo dalis skirta Prancūzijos Respublikos Konstitucinės Tarybos ir Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo vietos valdžios sistemoje nagrinėjimui. Ketvirtojoje dalyje analizuojami abiejų valstybių konstitucinės justicijos institucijų keletas dažniausiai priimamų sprendimų tipų bei jų įgyvendinimas parlamento įstatymų leidyboje. Be kita ko, aptariamos prevencinės ir paskesniosios kontrolės formos, jų privalumai ir trūkumai. Prancūzijoje Konstitucinė Taryba per 50 metų įgyvendino išimtinai prevencinę kontrolę, tačiau po 2008 m. Konstitucijos reformos buvo įtvirtinta ir paskesnioji kontrolės forma.
Legicentrizmo erą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The most important object is to compare the relation between the Parliament and institution of constitutional control in France and Lithuania.
Le principale objet de cette étude est le rappport entre le parlement et l‘institution de contrôle de constitutionnalité dans la legislation en France et en Lituanie. Il faut dire, que l‘ordre juridique en Lituanie et en France connait deux modes de production de la loi. Le régime légicentriste est celui dans lequel la loi est principalement le résultat du vote parlementaire. Le régime constitutionnaliste ajoute à l‘operation de vote le contrôle juridictionnel de constitutionnalité afin de verifier que la loi votée respecte la Constitution. Si le légicentrisme correspond à l‘état ou la volonté générale n‘est plus que le caprice du législateur, le constitutionnalisme caractérise un régime dans lequel le législateur doit respecter la Constitution pour exercer sa fonction normative. Autrement dit, quand les pays instaurent les institutions de contrôle de constitutionnalité la loi votée ne peut pas exprimer le volonté générale que dans le respect de la Constitution. Les représentants du peuple sont controlés au nom et sur le fondement de la Constitution par le juge constitutionnel. D‘ailleurs le contrôle de constitutionnalité est non de gener ou de retarder l‘exercice du pouvoir legislatif mais d‘assurer sa conformité à la Constitution. Il est vrai, que le texte constitutionnel est seulement la possibilité ou le potentiel. Le Cour constitutionnelle de la Lituanie et la Conseil constitutionnel de la France determinent dans la jurisprudence le vrai sens de l‘acte constitutionnel... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Mara, Bana. "Les crises constitutionnelles en Guinée : déroulement, résolution et approches prospectives." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG2056.
Full textAbstract:
Née des cendres du régime colonial français, la Guinée a connu une histoire tumultueuse tant au niveau de la formation de l’État actuel qu’au niveau de son histoire constitutionnelle. Au lendemain de son indépendance (obtenue au prix d’une longue lutte politique) en 1958, le pays va connaître différents cycles constitutionnels : le régime présidentialiste, le régime présidentiel et enfin le régime démocratique. De 1958 à 2009, ces deux premiers régimes furent essentiellement caractérisés par des crises constitutionnelles avec des graves répercussions dans tous les secteurs de la vie nationale. Mais ces différentes crises ont connu des manifestations différentes et n’ont pas toutes été résolues de la même façon.La plupart d’entre elles ont résulté de la violation de textes constitutionnels souvent confus et incomplets, mais aussi de la suspension pure et simple de la Constitution. À cet égard, et par voie de comparaison avec d’autres pays africains où ils ont fait leur preuve, les modes de résolutions politiques et juridictionnels ont toujours été utilisés pour résoudre les crises en Guinée. Ces modes ont été et sont encore vus comme les plus appropriés dans le contexte guinéen. Mais au-delà de ces modes de résolution, d’ailleurs très répandus dans l’Afrique tout entière, il paraît nécessaire aujourd’hui d’expérimenter d’autres approches qui seraient indispensables à la paix durable et à la cohésion nationale. De ces nouvelles pistes, nous pouvons retenir la justice transitionnelle et la démocratie consociative qui portent respectivement d’une part, sur la réparation des crimes du passé ; d’autre part, sur la répartition du pouvoir et des richesses entre les différentes régions ou communautés. Ces modes alternatifs pourraient apporter des solutions adéquates aux vraies racines des problèmes constitutionnels et à cet égard, méritent d’être appréhendés à travers le prisme du contexte guinéenBorn from the ashes of French colonial rule, Guinea has known a tumultuous history both in the formation of the current government at the level of its constitutional history. In the aftermath of independence (at the cost of a long political struggle) in 1958, the country experiences different constitutional cycles: the presidential regime, the presidential systemand the democratic regime. From 1958 to 2009, these first regimes were essentially characterized by constitutional crises with serious implications for all sectors of the national life. But these different crises took place differently and have not all been resolved in the same way.Most of these constitutional crises resulted from the violation of constitutional texts often confusing and incomplete but also suspension of the Constitution. In this respect, and by comparison with other African countries where they have proven themselves, modes of political and judicial resolutions have always been used to resolve the crises in Guinea. These modes have been and are still seen as the most appropriate in the Guinean context. But beyond these modes of resolution, also widespread in Africa as a whole, it seems necessary now to experiment with other approaches that are essential for sustainable peace and national cohesion. These new tracks, we can retain transitional justice and consociational democracy which deal on the first hand, with repairing the painful past; on the other hand, with the distribution of power and wealth between the different regions or communities. These alternatives modes could bring adequate solutions to the real roots of the constitutional issues and in this regard, deserve to be approached through the prism of Guinean context
21
Monge, Morales Gonzalo J. "A look at Constitutional Law through International Law. Interview with Juan José Ruda Santolaria." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109349.
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What is the normative status of a treaty in Peruvian domestic law? What would happen at theinternational level if the Peruvian ConstitutionalCourt declared a treaty to be unconstitutional? How to interpret Peruvian maritime domain, asrecognized in our Constitution, after the ruling of the International Court of Justice on the maritimedifferendum with Chile?These issues don’t only concern Constitutional Law; thus, in this interview, the renowned professor provides us with, from the standpoint of International Law, answers about these and other issues, but he also illustrates us about the implications for Peru of the aforementioned Court’sruling, delivered more than a year ago.¿Cuál es el rango normativo de un tratado en el Derecho interno peruano? ¿Qué ocurriría en el ámbito internacional si el Tribunal Constitucional peruano declarara inconstitucional un tratado?¿Cómo entender el dominio marítimo del Perú, reconocido en nuestra Constitución, luego del fallode la Corte Internacional de Justicia sobre el diferendo marítimo con Chile?Estas cuestiones no pertenecen únicamente al Derecho Constitucional; por ello, en la presente entrevista, el reconocido profesor nos brinda desde el Derecho Internacional respuestas sobre estos y otros temas, así como también nos ilustra acerca de las implicancias para el Perú del mencionado fallode la Corte, a más de un año de haber sido dictado.
22
Aughenbaugh, John M. "Meeting the Demands of Modern Governance: The Administrative Thought of Supreme Court Justice Byron White." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28295.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the administrative principles found in retired Supreme Court Justice Byron White's administrative law case opinions. The purposes of the dissertation are to explore and identify the dominant themes found in White's administrative law opinions and to discover what public administration can learn from a Supreme Court justice who took more than a passing interest in governance matters.This study has the following research expectations:â ¢There is an identifiable White administrative law jurisprudence;â ¢Within this jurisprudence, there are principles that recognize and are sensitive to the demands of modern governance; andâ ¢White's administrative thought can be translated and used by public administrators to guide and instruct their work.The first part of the dissertation is descriptive as the dominant themes in White's administrative law jurisprudence are identified and examined. Standard case briefing analysis is used for this exploration. The second half of the project is normative, wherein Rohr's â regime values' framework is used to explore what public administrators may learn from studying White's administrative law opinions. Moreover, this section of the dissertation will explore the extent to which White's conception of modern governance incorporates what scholars have referred to as the judicialization of the modern administrative state by the federal courts and what is White's conception of a constitutionally competent civil servant.Ph. D.
23
Orago, Nicholas W. "Interrogating the competence of the African court of justice and human rights to review." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16789.
Full textAbstract:
Globalisation and the transfer of powers from state constitutional systems to international
organisations (IOs) have led to several deficiencies, especially with regard to checks and
balances in global governance. The need to inculcate the rule of law and constitutionalism in
global governance has therefore gained currency in the 21st century. This has been exemplified
by calls for the reform of the United Nations (UN) and the extensive reforms in regional IOs,
such as the European Union (EU), with emphasis on institutional balance and the tempering of
political power with institutional controls.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Jacqui Gallinetti Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 2010.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Adjolohoun, Horace Segnonna A. T. "The right to reparation’ as applied under the African Charter by Benin’s Constitutional Court." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5340.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which Benin’s Constitutional Court gives effect to the right to reparation under the African Charter and to examine relevant routes for
the Court to discharge its duty fully and accurately. Ultimately, the study envisions suggesting Benin’s Constitutional Court a more genuine approach to the right to reparation with an emphasis on the content and scope of the right to reparation, competent remedial institutions and
determination of the quantum in cases of monetary compensation.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Conway, Gerard Martin. "Conflict of norms in European Union law and the legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5235.
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This thesis examines the topic of conflict of norms in European Union (EU) law and the legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), arguing that the framework of conflict of norms provides conceptual insight into justification and the role of value choices in legal reasoning. After examining the theory of conflict of norms, which seems to have been relatively under-studied generally and especially in EU law, it examines three particular aspects of norm conflict resolution in the legal reasoning of the ECJ and EU law: conflict of interpretative norms, especially the opposition between conserving and innovative interpretation; conflicts of human rights norms, looking in particular at the idea of a hierarchy of rights and of specificationism in the articulation of rights; and conflicts of competence norms. It concludes that the scope exists for a fuller justification of the choice of norms in the legal reasoning of the ECJ and generally in EU law and offers a perspective on how the values articulated by the EU suggest particular approaches to norm conflict resolution by the ECJ in its decision-making in these fields, in particular, a greater resort to lex specialis and originalist or historical interpretation, in contrast to its current method.
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Collazos, Velasco Maria Dolores. "Le rôle des Cours Constitutionnelles vis-à-vis du pouvoir Exécutif en Amérique Latine. Etude comparative : Chili, Mexique, et Colombie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0069.
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Au cours des deux dernières décennies du XXe siècle, les Tribunaux Constitutionnels sont devenus des acteurs politiques majeurs en Amérique latine. Cette transformation découle de l’adoption de réformes constitutionnelles intervenues à la fin des années 80 et dans les années 90 avec pour objectif de faire des Cours Constitutionnelles des institutions plus indépendantes et dotées de pouvoirs plus importants.Cette thèse cherche à proposer des éléments de réponse permettant de comprendre comment et dans quelle mesure la conception institutionnelle introduite par les réformes façonne le comportement des Tribunaux Constitutionnels latino-américains vis-à-vis du pouvoir Exécutif. Plus précisément, cette recherche s’intéresse au rôle des Cours Constitutionnelles dans leur fonction d’arbitrage des lois du pouvoir exécutif au Chili, au Mexique ainsi qu’en Colombie après l’introduction de réformes constitutionnelles visant à renforcer la justice constitutionnelle, intervenues respectivement en 2005, 1994 et 1991. Bien que l’approche classique consiste à considérer que la conception des institutions est un élément fondamental pour la modélisation ducomportement judiciaire, et que ceux qui ont conçu les réformes avaient cette idée à l’esprit, mes résultats empiriques basés sur la recherche archivistique et l’étude des décisions de ces tribunaux suggèrent que la manière dont les juges constitutionnels construisent leur identité professionnelle, comprennent leurs objectifs en matière d’administration de la justice et assument leur rôle dans la démocratie, influent également sur la manière dont ils exercent leur contrôle juridictionnel. En d’autres termes, cette thèse soutient que la conception institutionnelle, bien que cruciale, n’est pas suffisante pour expliquer le comportement de la Cour Constitutionnelle à l’égard de l’Exécutif dans les pays ayant renforcé le contrôle juridictionnel après des périodes autoritaires, telles que celles étudiées dans mes recherches. Des recherches complémentaires sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre comment se forment l’idéologie et les conceptions professionnelles du juge et comment elles façonnent le comportement de la justiceThe last two decades of the 20th century constitutional Tribunals emerged as powerful political actors in Latin America. This transformation is the consequence of the adoption of constitutional reforms during the late 80s and the 90s oriented to turn the constitutional Courts into more independent and powerful institutions.This dissertation seeks to provide elements to understand how and to which extent the institutional design introduced by the reforms shapes the Latin American Constitutional Tribunals’ behavior vis-à-vis the Executive power. More precisely, this research focuses on the role of Constitutional Courts as arbiters of the Executive branch acts in Chile, Mexico, and Colombia afterthe introduction of constitutional reforms aimed to reinforce the constitutional justice in 2005, 1994 and 1991 respectively. Although the standard approach proposes that the institutional design is a fundamental piece to model the judicial behavior, and this idea was in mind of those who conceived the reforms, my empirical results based on archival research and the study of decisions from these courts suggest that the way the constitutional judges build their professional identity, understand their goals in administering justice and assume their role in democracy, also matters in how they exercise the judicial review. In other words, this dissertation argues that the institutional design, although essential, is not enough to explain the Constitutional Court's behavior before the Executive in countries having reinforced the judicial review after authoritarian periods, such as those of my research. Further research is needed to better understand how the judge’s professional ideology and conceptions are formed, and how they shape judicial behavior
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Kpri, Kobenan Kra. "Le Conseil constitutionnel ivoirien et la suprématie de la Constitution : étude à la lumière des décisions et avis." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF002/document.
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La justice constitutionnelle ivoirienne, dans sa forme actuelle, est le fruit du mouvement de démocratisation enclenché sur le continent à partir des années 1990.Mais si ailleurs l'exercice du contrôle de constitutionnalité s'est tout de suite imposé comme un instrument incontournable dans l'effectivité de la Constitution et l'avènement d'un Etat de droit, en Côte d'Ivoire, la garantie de la suprématie de la Constitution a évolué en permanence à un rythme oscillatoire. Le contrôle de constitutionnalité s’exprime d’abord à travers une stratégie des petits pas. Le choix par le juge constitutionnel d’une interprétation restreinte de ses attributions produit une jurisprudence peu audacieuse et orientée vers la légitimation du pouvoir exécutif et de sa gouvernance. Par la suite, à l’avènement de la deuxième République à partir de l'an 2000, la juridiction constitutionnelle se montre relativement plus active. Mais malgré l’extension du droit de saisine aux citoyens par le biais de la question préjudicielle la justice constitutionnelle reste peu sensible à la protection des Droits et libertés fondamentales. Son dynamisme se manifeste surtout lorsque la Constitution se trouve confrontée aux Accords politiques, mobilisés pour la résolution de la crise militaro- politique. L’office du juge constitutionnel se révèle alors comme la défense de l’ordre constitutionnel en péril ou du régime l’incarnant. Ici transparaît encore la forte irradiation du pouvoir exécutif dans un système politique déséquilibré faisant converger, comme des rivières au fleuve, l’ensemble des institutions dans le sens de la majesté du Pontife constitutionnel. De surcroît, la prépondérance du contentieux électoral et les crises qu’il suscite, annihile, quasi-systématiquement, les progrès jurisprudentiels résiduels qui peuvent accorder de la crédibilité à la justice constitutionnelle. Dans ce contexte, la garantie de la suprématie de la Constitution demeure encore à un stade embryonnaire, marqué du sceau de la précarité que lui impose des pratiques constitutionnelles perverties et l’instabilité politique chroniqueIvorian constitutional justice, in its current form, is the fruit of the democratization movement launched on the continent from the 1990s. But if elsewhere the exercise of constitutional review immediately became an essential instrument in the effectiveness of the Constitution and the advent of the rule of law, in Côte d'Ivoire, the guarantee of the the Constitution’s supremacy has evolved continuously at an oscillatory rhythm. The constitutionality check is first expressed through a strategy of small steps. The constitutional judge's choice of a narrow interpretation of his attributions produces a daring case law geared towards legitimizing the executive power and its governance. Subsequently, with the advent of the second Republic from the year 2000, the constitutional jurisdiction is relatively more active. But despite the extension of the right of referral to citizens through the preliminary question, constitutional justice remains insensitive to the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. Its dynamism manifests itself especially when the Constitution is confronted to the Political Agreements, mobilized for the resolution of the military political crisis. The office of the constitutional judge is then revealed as the defense of the constitutional order in danger or the regime embodying it. Here again there is the strong irradiation of the executive power in an unbalanced political system converging, like rivers in the river, all the institutions in the sense of the majesty of the constitutional Pontiff. Moreover, the preponderance of electoral disputes and the crises it provokes, annihilates, almost systematically, the progress of the case law that can give credibility to constitutional justice. In this context, the guarantee of the supremacy of the Constitution remains at an embryonic stage, marked by the seal of precariousness imposed by perverted constitutional practices and chronic political instability
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Moreira, Diogo Rais Rodrigues. "Audiência pública no Supremo Tribunal Federal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5626.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-17Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation is based on the procedural branch of Constitutional Law, whose central goal laid on the public hearings held before the Brazilian Supreme Court so far. Facing this procedural institution, still incipient in the Brazilian judicial system, we are interested in identifying its origins and workability, beginning with a study of its legal creation and the spread of its use in the administrative bureaucracies and in the legislative activity. The public hearing went through a long road before knocking on the Judiciary s doors, and its exhaustive and uneasy task did not end by then. It was necessary to open up these doors, but, in order to effectively have its place, strong oppositions born from an array of taboos had to be faced and ceased slowly. At the Brazilian judiciary its triumph started in the Supreme Court, walking through the Supremo Tribunal Federal bars. Between its legal creation and the first public hearing held passed eight years, and more than 500 thousand lawsuits. In the history of this court, we counted five public hearings which were held, each of them in its own way, being their methodological and decisional variations the inspiration of this work; therefore, this dissertation s core is the empirical research of this new legal institute whose legal regime and concepts are still under construction
O presente trabalho foi construído sobre a órbita do Direito Constitucional em sua face processual, cujo objetivo central se deitou na audiência pública no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Diante deste instituto, ainda incipiente no Judiciário nacional, procuramos identificar suas origens e sua aplicabilidade no Estado brasileiro, iniciando com o estudo de sua criação legal e o seu uso disseminado na Administração Pública e na atividade legislativa. A audiência pública percorreu longo caminho antes de encontrar as portas do Judiciário brasileiro, e sua tarefa exaustiva e ofegante não terminou ali. Era necessário abrir essas portas, mas para adentrar sofreu e ainda sofre fortes resistências materializadas por uma rede de tabus, que aos poucos, lentamente, transpassa. No Judiciário nacional iniciou seu triunfo logo na Corte Suprema, adentrando às barras do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Entre sua previsão legal e a realização da primeira audiência pública transcorreram oito anos e por ali passaram mais de 500.000 processos. Na história desta Corte contamos com cinco audiências públicas realizadas, cada qual a sua maneira, e essa grande variação de método e decisões foram a inspiração deste trabalho, cujo núcleo reside na pesquisa empírica deste novel instituto que conta com conceitos e regime jurídico ainda em construção
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Velyvyte, Vilija. "The power to shape the internal market : constitutional implications of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:537eb00c-ae6d-4905-b12d-17fde90b8dca.
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This thesis aims to determine the constitutional implications of the exclusive authority granted to the CJEU to interpret the Treaties in the context of the internal market. In particular, it examines how the Court's interpretation of the free movement and competition rules - the two principal components of the internal market law - has shaped the constitutional division of competences between the EU and the Member States (the vertical dimension) and between the EU's legislative institutions and the Court (the horizontal dimension). The argument to be advanced in this thesis is based on a comparative analysis of the Court's reasoning in cases involving conflicts between, on the one hand, the free movement and competition rules and, on the other, domestic regulatory measures that embody various social policy considerations. The policy areas selected as case studies for the inquiry are healthcare, education, collective labour law, and gambling. None of these areas has been harmonised at EU level, save for the legislation essentially codifying the case law, and therefore come within the purview of EU law mainly through the judgments of the Court adopted in the context of the internal market. The comparative analysis - both among the selected policy areas and between the Court's free movement and competition case law - reveals the inconsistencies in the Court's exercise of its interpretative authority in light of the principles that govern the division of competences and powers in the EU. The thesis ultimately argues that, unlike its competition case law, the Court's free movement case law involving the areas of healthcare, education and collective labour law, but not gambling, has encroached on national regulatory autonomy to an extent incompatible with the principles of conferral, subsidiarity and proportionality, and has reduced the scope of EU legislative action to the point of upsetting the institutional balance of powers between the EU's judiciary and legislature.
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Espinosa, Romain. "Analyse économique de la norme juridique : des origines constitutionnelles à la mise en oeuvre par le juge." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020044/document.
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Les questions de légitimité et de stabilité des systèmes politiques ont longtemps été étudiées séparément des problèmes de mise en oeuvre du droit en sciences économiques. L’objectif de cette thèse est concilier ces différentes approches afin de replacer la mise en oeuvre de la norme juridique au centre du débat institutionnel. Ce travail se décompose en cinq investigations empiriques ou expérimentales portant chacune sur une des étapes du processus politique et judiciaire.Le premier article s’intéresse à l’impact des droits constitutionnels sur les dépenses publiques. La seconde étude explore l’influence des biais d’auto-complaisance sur la demande et l’offre de redistribution. Le troisième travail analyse les décisions rendues par le Conseil Constitutionnel. La quatrième partie examine la réforme de la carte judiciaire des Conseils de Prud’hommes de 2008. Le dernier chapitre étudie la relation entre la composition syndicale des Conseils de Prud’hommes et les issues des litiges qui y sont portés.Nos analyses reposent sur les outils économétriques et expérimentaux. Elles font usage de méthodes d’estimations classiques (OLS, GLS, Probit, Logit, Within OLS), de modèles à sélection (Heckman, Triprobit), des outils destinés aux problèmes d’endogénéité (2SLS)et des techniques d’estimation de systèmes d’équation (3SLS). L’approche expérimentale contient également des tests statistiques communément appliqués (tests de permutation,tests de comparaison de moyenne, tests de proportion) ainsi que de récentes méthodes pour traiter l’hétérogénéité (wild clustering)The legitimacy and the stability of political systems have very often been studied in economics separate from considerations about legal norms’ enforcement. My objective is to combine these different approaches, and to place the question of the legal enforcement at the heart of the debate about institutions. This work is made of cinq empirical and experimental investigations that deal with each of the stages of the political and legal process.This first paper analyzes the impact of constitutional rights on public expenditures. The second article explores the influence of self-serving biases on the demand and the supplyof redistribution. The third analysis focuses on the decisions of the French Constitutional Council. The fourth work deals with the recent reform of the judiciary map of Frenchlabor courts. The last study investigates the relationship between the composition of the elected jurors in French labor courts and the way cases are terminated.Our investigations rely on econometric and experimental techniques. They use standard estimation methods (OLS, GLS, Probit, Logit, Within OLS), selection models (Heckman,Triprotibt), techniques for endogeneity correction (2SLS), and methods to estimate systems of equations (3SLS). The experimental analysis makes use of standard statistical tests(permutation tests, proportion tests, two-group mean-comparison tests), and more recent methods to solve heterogeneity (wild clustering)
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Peach, Joseph Vuyo. "The application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry / by V.L. [sic] Peach." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/58.
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Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary
supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making
authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new
democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was
introduced in South Africa.
This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of
the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of
inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final
Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000
were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative
action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are
analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater
clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the
proceedings of commissions of inquiry.Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Beckett, Elizabeth Jean. "THE POLICY AND CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS V. SEBELIUS." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/578.
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In June 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States decided the fate of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in a case called National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. While initially the decision seemed favorable to supporters of the bill, Chief Justice Roberts’ majority opinion could likely render the bill ineffective in implementation and it creates more Constitutionally confusing precedent than it resolves. Among the questions that now rise to the surface are: will Congress be able to raise the tax to a level where it will become effective? What is now mandatory for states to adopt into their Medicaid programs? Where is the line for the federal government with regards to coercion? What are the definitions of direct and indirect taxes? And, how binding is the Origination Clause of the Constitution?
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Espinosa-Saldaña, Barrera Eloy. "When the Latin American constitutional judge forgets his/her job of conventionalization of law: reflections about a recent sentence of the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123779.
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In this article, the author tell us about the job of the constitutional judge and the importance that this takes in a context of crisis. Also, he highlights the conventionalization of law as the central task of constitutional judges. Likewise, he details the difficulties involved in this task and the challenges to be faced for the consolidation of a common law in Latin America.En el presente artículo el autor nos habla sobre la labor del juez constitucional y la importancia que adquiere está en un contexto de crisis. Asimismo, resalta la convencionalización del Derecho como tarea central de los jueces constitucionales. De igual manera, detalla las dificultades que acarrea esta tarea y los retos a enfrentar para la consolidación de un derecho común en América Latina.
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Vallström, Hanna. "The untouchable core of EU law : an analysis of constitutional principles in the light of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140772.
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Panagopoulos, Antonis. "Modèle américain ou modèle européen de justice constitutionnelle ? : étude comparative a travers le cas hellenique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32000/document.
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Le projet du gouvernement grec en 2006 d’introduire une Cour constitutionnelle pour remplacer le contrôle diffus pose le problème du choix entre le modèle américain et le modèle européen. Il n’y a pas de supériorité inhérente d’un modèle sur le plan axiologique, logique, technique et empirique. Les défauts du système américain sont amplifiés en Grèce par le contexte européen de sorte que le système grec assure la dépolitisation du contrôle mais n’assure pas la sécurité juridique. De même, il est activiste en matière socioéconomique mais il ne l’est pas concernant les droits individuels de premier rang. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes correctifs (Cour suprême spéciale, Cour plénière, Tribunal des Salaires) aggravent le problème d’irrationalité en raison du grand nombre des juges. Ils engendrent aussi des décisions provocatrices dans les domaines électoraux et judiciaires. D’autre part, la Cour constitutionnelle se heurte à l’existence d’un système américain actif, d’un contexte culturel non continental, à l’interprétation historique des principes irrévisables et à un contexte social clientéliste. Plus particulièrement, la Cour constitutionnelle proposée favorise la loi en raison de la désignation des juges uniquement par le parti majoritaire et aussi de la saisine de la Cour dans le cas de deux invalidations successives de la loi. En conclusion, il est opportun d’établir un système mixte selon la nature des lois contrôlées comprenant une Assemblée Plénière restreinte et une Cour constitutionnelle constituée parmi une liste tripleThe project of the Greek government in 2006 to introduce a Constitutional Court in order to replace the diffused control poses the problem of the choice between the American model and the European model. There is non inherent superiority of one model from axiological, logic, technical and empirical point of view. The defaults of the American system are amplified in Greece by the European context, so that the Greek system assures the depoliticization of the control but it does not assure the legal security. In addition, it is activist in the socioeconomic domain but it is self-restrained concerning the fundamental liberties. The remedial mechanisms (Supreme Special Court, Plenary Court, “Tribunal of Wages”) aggravate the problem of irrationality, because of the existence of lot of judges and they engender also provocative decisions in the electoral and judicial domain. On the other hand, the introduction of a Constitutional Court comes up against the existence of an active American system, a non continental cultural context, the historical interpretation or irrevisable principles and a clientelist social context. More particularly, the proposed Constitutional Court favors the law owning to the fact that the judges are appointed only by the majority party and that the Court intervenes after two invalidations of the law. In conclusion, it is convenient to establish a mixed system according to the nature of controlled laws including a restricted Plenary Court and a Constitutional Court constituted among a triple list
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Kassi, Brou Olivier Saint-Omer. "Francophonie et justice : contribution de l'organisation internationale de la francophonie à la construction de l'état de droit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0327/document.
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La justice est un attribut fondamental de l’Etat moderne. Elle assure, dans unesociété démocratique, la sauvegarde de l’édifice normatif ainsi que la protection des droitset libertés. Une justice indépendante et efficace est un symbole de l’Etat de droit. Ellerévèle la réalité de la séparation des pouvoirs et consacre le règne du droit. Maisl’efficacité de tout appareil judiciaire dépend de la nature et de l’ampleur des moyens dontil dispose. Or, dans nombre d’Etats francophones, le système judiciaire connaît denombreuses faiblesses, liées tantôt aux avatars des processus de stabilisationdémocratique, tantôt aux situations plus fragiles de sortie de crise. La question durenforcement des capacités des institutions judiciaires se trouve ainsi posée. Et c’est surcette base que l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) a investi, depuisune trentaine d’années, le champ de la coopération juridique et judiciaire. Ayant inscrit lapromotion de la démocratie au coeur de son action politique, la Francophonie a pris desengagements forts et développé, en s’appuyant sur ses réseaux institutionnels, desprogrammes destinés à accompagner ses Etats membres dans le renforcement descapacités de leurs systèmes de justice. Cet engagement est perceptible dans le corpusnormatif de l’Organisation. Il marque la ferme volonté des Etats francophones d’ancrerleurs relations dans un cadre de coopération, attaché à la protection des droitsfondamentaux et à la régulation des pouvoirs majoritaires. La justice est donc désormaisérigée en priorité dans le champ des préoccupations francophones. Elle y est saisie tantaux niveaux national et international que dans sa dimension transitionnelleJustice is a fundamental attribute of modern States. In a democratic society, itguarantees the safeguard of the standard-setting framework as well as the protection ofrights. An independent and effective justice is a symbol of the rule of law. It illustrates theseparation of powers and establishes the primacy of law. But the efficiency of any judicialsystem depends on the nature and the extent of the resources at its disposal. Yet, inmany Francophone countries, the judicial system faces many weaknesses, sometimesrelated to the avatars of democratic stabilisation processes, sometimes to more fragilepost-crisis situations. So the question of the capacity development of the judicialinstitutions arises. For thirty years, the International Organization of La Francophonie(OIF) has entered the legal and judicial cooperation field on this basis. By including thepromotion of democracy at the heart of its political action, the OIF has indeed made strongcommitments and developed programs aimed at accompanying its member States in thecapacity development of their justice systems, thanks to its institutional networks. Thiscommitment can be seen in several statements of the Organization. It demonstrates thewill of the Francophone States to anchor their relationships in a cooperation framework,dedicated to the protection of fundamental rights and the regulation of majorities’ powers.Today, justice is consequently established as a priority in Francophone concerns. It isentered in both national and international level and in its transitional dimension
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Prado, João Carlos Navarro de Almeida. "Princípio constitucional da celeridade processual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-22102012-115308/.
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O constituinte reformador decidiu tratar do problema da morosidade da justiça, à semelhança de outros países e de diversos tratados internacionais a respeito. A presente dissertação tem por fulcro a análise do novo inciso LXXVIII do art. 5º da Constituição Federal que instituiu a celeridade processual como direito fundamental. É feita cuidadosa abordagem de todos os princípios constitucionais pertinentes à matéria, especialmente o devido processo legal, desde o seu surgimento, na common law inglesa, com a Magna Carta de 1215, evoluindo pela interpretação da Suprema Corte nos Estados Unidos, de modo a conhecer sua vertente substantiva, até ser consagrado no Brasil, de modo expresso, cerca de 200 anos depois, pela Constituição de 1988. Outros princípios apresentam-se igualmente de grande relevância, como o acesso à justiça, eficiência e igualdade. Constata-se que não era imprescindível a positivação de regra específica para que a Justiça estivesse jungida ao dever de julgar com rapidez. Revela-se, porém, profícua a abordagem do tema na Constituição, dentre os direitos fundamentais. Verifica-se a ocorrência de eventuais conflitos no plano concreto envolvendo a celeridade processual e os princípios do contraditório e da ampla defesa, bem como a segurança jurídica. Dedica-se especial atenção ao papel da Emenda Constitucional n. 45, de 2004 e diversos institutos por ela trazidos no intento de se obter um Poder Judiciário mais célere e organizado de modo mais eficaz e uniforme, embora se constate a necessidade de mudanças que se sobressaem à atuação do legislador. Realiza-se pesquisa histórica e descritiva com supedâneo na doutrina brasileira e no direito comparado, especialmente nas literaturas jurídicas francesa, inglesa, portuguesa e estadunidense. Ao se analisar a repercussão do dispositivo à luz do direito constitucional, nota-se a necessidade de muitas outras alterações para que a Reforma atinja seu desiderato. Constata-se que o Poder Judiciário possui papel preponderante na salvaguarda dos direitos fundamentais, de modo que, atuando a contento, a celeridade processual pode se tornar poderoso instrumento de efetividade de tais direitos e da própria Constituição Federal.The constituent reformer decided to face the problem of the delays of Justice, likewise that in other countries and various international treaties of the subject. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the new item LXXVIII of article 5th of the Federal Constitution which set the celerity of procedure as a fundamental right. A careful approach is made from all constitutional principles relevant to the subject, especially the due process of law, since its emergence in the English common law, with the Magna Carta of 1215, evolving through United States Supreme Courts interpretation, in order to meet its substantive aspect, to be explicitly devoted in Brazil, about 200 years later, by the Constitution of 1988. Other principles also have great relevance, such as access to justice, efficiency and equality. It appears to be unessential to insert a specific rule by which the Justice would be bound by duty to judge rapidly. However, it is useful to approach the subject in the Constitution, among the fundamental rights. Possible conflicts are analyzed in concrete plan involving the speedy trial clause and the principles of adversarial and legal defense, as well legal certainty. Proper attention is paid to the role of the 45th Amendment of 2004 and various institutes brought by it, in the attempt to achieve a faster and more uniform and well organized Justice, although evidences the need of changes that overcome the role of the legislator. Takes place a historical and descriptive research takes place in Brazilian doctrine and comparative law, especially in French, English, Portuguese and American legal literature. By analyzing of the clauses effect under the constitutional law, its notice the demand of many other changes to the Reform reach your goal. Its seen that the Judiciary has a predominant role in safeguarding the fundamental rights, so that, working properly, speedy trial clause may become a powerful tool of effectiveness of such rights and of the own Constitution.
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Gutiérrez, Ramírez Luis-Miguel. "Justice transitionnelle et Constitution." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10015.
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La présente recherche propose une analyse spécifique de la justice transitionnelle au prisme du droit constitutionnel comparé afin d’étudier les rapports qu’entretiennent, d’un point de vue théorique et pratique, la justice transitionnelle et la Constitution. La justice transitionnelle est envisagée pour traiter des crimes perpétrés à l'occasion de conflits armés ou par des dictatures en établissant un régime juridique à la fois ad hoc, dérogatoire et d’application rétroactive. De nombreux mécanismes innovants et originaux, de nature tant judiciaire qu’extrajudiciaire, peuvent être mobilisés pour confronter ces crimes. Au regard des expériences de divers pays, il semblerait néanmoins que les réponses apportées par le droit à ces situations sont toujours insuffisantes et pourtant si nécessaires. Les rapports entre justice transitionnelle et Constitution n’ont pas été suffisamment étudiés par la doctrine et ne peuvent continuer à passer inaperçus. Ces deux notions interagissent de manière dynamique en exerçant une influence réciproque forte. D’une part, le pouvoir constituant, tant originaire que dérivé, constitutionnalise certains de ces mécanismes. De l’autre, l’exercice des pouvoirs publics et la garantie des droits fondamentaux encadrent de manière particulière la mise en place d’un processus de justice transitionnelle. Justice transitionnelle et Constitution sont ainsi intrinsèquement liées dans une relation de confrontation permanente qui oblige à réinterpréter certains principes fondamentaux du droit constitutionnel. Dans ce cadre, le rôle du juge constitutionnel devient principal pour encadrer ce processus mais aussi pour le freiner. La présente étude montre que la justice transitionnelle peut -et doit- garantir une sécurité juridique des situations qu’elle régule, à condition de respecter les garanties consacrées par la ConstitutionThis research proposes a specific analysis of transitional justice through the prism of comparative constitutional law in order to examine the theoretical and practical links between transitional justice and the Constitution. Transitional justice is envisaged to deal with crimes perpetrated in armed conflicts or under dictatorships by establishing a legal regime that is both ad hoc, derogatory and retroactive. Many innovate and original mechanisms, both judicial and extrajudicial, can be mobilized to confront these crimes. In view of the experiences of various countries, it would nevertheless appear that the responses provided by the law to these situations are still insufficient and yet so necessary. The relationship between transitional justice and the Constitution has not been sufficiently studied by the doctrine and cannot continue to go unnoticed. These two notions interact dynamically and have a striking reciprocal influence. On one hand, the constituent power, both original and derived, constitutionalizes some of these mechanisms. On the other hand, the exercise of public authorities and the guarantee of fundamental rights provide a special framework for the establishment of a transitional justice process. Transitional Justice and Constitution are intrinsically linked in a relationship of constant confrontation which requires the reinterpretation of certain fundamental principles of constitutional law. In this context, the role of the constitutional judge becomes the main one to frame this process and also to slow it down. The present study shows that transitional justice can and must guarantee legal certainty of the situations it regulates, provided that they respect the guarantees enshrined in the Constitution
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Alsfi, Bodor. "La protection constitutionnelle des droits fondamentaux au Koweït : étude comparée au système français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D008.
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En 1962, c’est-à-dire un an après son accession à l’indépendance, le Koweït s’est doté d’une constitution consacrant le caractère monarchique du régime et organisant formellement les relations entre les différents pouvoirs publics (législatif, exécutif et judiciaire). La Constitution proclame par ailleurs les droits et libertés individuels comme « naturelles, inaliénables et sacrées ». Mais encore faut-il se donner les moyens de les protéger. Autrement dit, comme pour la plupart des États, le Koweït devait résoudre, à son tour, les difficultés liées au contrôle des actes juridiques produisant un effet de droit. Sur ce point, une loi spéciale, adoptée par le législateur en 1973, donne naissance à une cour constitutionnelle chargée de vérifier la conformité des lois et des règlements à la Constitution. Reste à souligner que la justice constitutionnelle koweïtienne n’est pas à l’abri des critiques. Certes, la mise en place d’un juge gardien des libertés est un grand pas vers un État de droit, mais, du point de vue pratique, de nombreuses entraves existent qui font douter de l’effectivité de sa mission. Ce travail se propose d’identifier ces obstacles mais aussi l’effort d’adaptation de la juridiction constitutionnelle cherchant à apporter le maximum de protection aux droits et libertés constitutionnellement garantis. À ce titre, la comparaison avec le fonctionnement du Conseil constitutionnel en France peut être d’un grand intérêt, même s’il faut garder à l’esprit que chacune des deux institutions exerce sa fonction dans des conditions culturelles, juridiques, politiques et sociales très différentesIn 1962, one year after the independence, Kuwait issued its constitution which adopted the Monarchical regime, and organized the formal relations among the different public authorities (Legislature, Executive and Judiciary). The constitution announced the individual rights and liberties as natural rights which are sacred and unalienable. So, it was necessary to provide means to protect such rights. In other words, as most of countries, Kuwait had to overcome the difficulties that related to control the constitutionality of legislations. Therefore, the legislator issued a special law in 1973, that gave a birth to the constitutional court, which is specializing in verifying the constitutionality of legislation. It remains to highlight that the Constitutional Judiciary in Kuwait is not in a shelter away from criticism. Certainly, the existence of a constitutional judge as a guard of liberties is a great step toward the state of law. But in the practice side there are many obstructions that raise doubts about the effectiveness of his mission. This research proposes to identify these obstructions and mentions the efforts to establish a constitutional justice, which seeks to achieve the greater part of the rights and liberties guaranteed by the constitution. Under this title, the comparison with the constitutional council in France may grant us great interests with keeping in mind that each institution exercises its own functions in different (cultures, political, and social) conditions
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Sun, Mong Fay. "Introduction de la Justice constitutionnelle dans le Sud-Est asiatique : deux exemples d’adaptation du modèle européen : le Cambodge et la Thaïlande." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100140.
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La justice constitutionnelle a pour objet d’assurer la suprématie de la Constitution sur les normes juridiques, selon une procédure de type juridictionnel. L’introduction d’un de ses modèles dans un autre milieu que celui où il est né donne lieu à deux significations, d’abord celle de son adoption puis celle de son adaptation. La première signification tient d’abord à différentes raisons avant de revêtir les formes les plus diverses mais conformes au paradigme d’origine, à savoir au modèle européen ou kelsénien : ce qui donne à voir les différentes règles transposées, qu’elles soient organiques et fonctionnelles ou matérielles et procédurales. Et si son adoption est conçue comme un phénomène important, seule l’activité réelle de ce modèle implanté reflète une orientation qui le caractérise dans un milieu différent de celui d’origine : le contentieux constitutionnel va traduire la seconde signification. Au fond, l’acclimatation ailleurs de cette formule ne va pas sans heurts avec les particularités culturelles, historiquesJudicial review is aimed at ensuring the supremacy of the Constitution on legal norms by means of a jurisdiction-type procedure. The process of introducing one of its patterns into an environment that is different from the one where it was born gives rise to two meanings. Firstly its being adopted, secondly its being adapted. The first meaning referred to primarily stems from various reasons and then it takes on the most diverse forms – and nevertheless are they true to the original, namely the European or Kelsenian pattern. That reveals the different rules which have been transposed, should they be organic and functional, or substantive and procedural ones. If the process of adopting one of those paradigms is seen as an important phenomenon, how crucial appears its adaptation because the effective activity of the implanted model only will hold a mirror up to a characteristic adjusting within an environment distinct from the original: constitutional litigation will convey the second meaning above-mentioned. Basically, bringing in such a formula elsewhere occasionally clashes with cultural and historical particularities
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Pellegrino, Claudia Lea. "La Cour constitutionnelle italienne et son rôle en matière de garantie des droits fondamentaux des étrangers." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0186.
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Le présent travail se propose d’examiner le rôle joué par la Cour Constitutionnelle italienne dans la garantie des droits fondamentaux des individus, inscrits dans la Constitution, eu égard notamment à la catégorie des étrangers, n’ayant aucun lien de citoyenneté avec l’Etat.La recherche a été menée dans une perspective de reconstruction historique qui part de l’évolution de la justice constitutionnelle en Europe et des travaux de l’Assemblée constituante en Italie concernant l’institution du« Juge des lois ».Dans la première partie de la thèse, on a approfondi les profils de la structure de la Cour, de son fonctionnement, des instruments décisoires et des mécanismes d’accès au jugement constitutionnel sur les lois. A l’égard de ces derniers, on a voulu focaliser l’attention sur le recours incident tel qu’il est configuré dans notre système de justice constitutionnelle, en analysant ses points de force et ses limites et en opérant, ensuite, une comparaison avec la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité introduite, il y a dix ans, dans le système français.Objet d’étude a été également, le manque, dans le système italien, de toute forme de recours direct de la part des particuliers qui leur permette de saisir la Cour, même à défaut d’un jugement à quo engendrant la saisine de la question de légitimité constitutionnelle.On a pris, par conséquent, en considération les propositions législatives concernant l’introduction d’une telle institution et les orientations doctrinales qui se sont exprimées en termes positifs ou négatifs par rapport à cette possibilité.La deuxième partie, représentant le cœur du travail, concerne la contribution de la Cour constitutionnelle à la définition du statut juridique de l'étranger et à la mise en œuvre du droit constitutionnel d'asile. L’évolution de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle en matière d’immigration se caractérise par une certaine autolimitation de la part de la Cour par rapport au pouvoir discrétionnaire du législateur. L'attitude de la Cour varie toutefois également en fonction des aspects réglementés et des droits présumés violés par la législation soumise au contrôle de constitutionnalité.En définitive, la Cour a contribué considérablement à un ajustement dynamique du statut des droits et des devoirs des étrangers, également avec des déclarations d'inconstitutionnalité visant à assurer la reconnaissance effective des droits de l’homme, consacrés dans la Constitution et dans le droit supranational et international, qui doivent être appliqués quelle que soit la possession du status civitatis ou le caractère régulier du séjour. En ce qui concerne le droit constitutionnel d’asile, la disposition de référence est l’article 10, paragraphe 3 de la Constitution.Le punctum crucis de la réflexion sur l'asile tel qu’il est défini par la Constitution est représenté par la relation de cet institut avec ceux de la protection internationale (statut de réfugié et protection subsidiaire) régis par la législation interne de transposition des directives européennes faisant partie dudit « Système européen commun d’asile » ainsi que de la forme résiduelle de protection interne dite "humanitaire", envisagée dans notre système jusqu'à sa récente abrogation. On a tenté de répondre à deux questions : le droit constitutionnel d'asile peut-il être considéré comme "absorbé" par les instruments de protection indiqués ci-dessus et, par conséquent, mis en œuvre dans notre système juridique?Quel rôle la Cour constitutionnelle a-t-elle joué dans la définition de la nature juridique de cette institution et des droits qui lui sont associés, en l’absence d’une loi mettant en œuvre la réserve de législation prévue par la disposition constitutionnelle susmentionnée?Le travail se conclut donc par le souhait d’une intervention plus significative de la Cour, sanctionnant l’absence d’une discipline prescrite par la Constitution, afin de rétablir le droit autonome de l’individu à l’asile constitutionnelThe present work aims to investigate the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the protection of fundamental rights of individuals, enshrined in the Constitution. Special reference will be made to the category of third-country nationals, who are untied from the State by any bond of citizenship.This research is conducted following a perspective of historical reconstruction, starting from the evolution of constitutional justice in Europe and the works of the Italian Constituent Assembly concerning the establishment of a “Judge of laws”.The first section of the thesis analyses the Court’s structure, its functioning, the decision-making tools and the mechanisms of access to the constitutional judgment of the laws. With regard to the latter, it is intended to focus attention on the mechanism of cross-claim as it is designed in the Italian constitutional justice’s system, by analyzing its strengths and limits and by making a comparison with the “question prioritaire de constitutionnalité” introduced in France ten years ago.Furthermore, research aims to investigate the absence, in the Italian system, of any forms of direct appeal by the individuals, which may allow them to send a referral to the Court in the absence of an a quo judgment in which an opportunity for the referral of the question of constitutional legitimacy can be initiated.Moreover, object of analysis are the legislative proposals for the establishment of such an instrument, as well as the doctrinal orientations that have spoken in favor or against this opportunity.The second part, which constitutes the more original contribution of the work, relates to the role that the Constitutional Court has provided in defining the legal status of foreigners and in implementing the constitutional right of asylum. The evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence in the matter of immigration is characterized by a trend of self-restraint by the Court as far as the discretion of the legislator is concerned.However, the attitude of the Court also varies according to the aspects governed by sectorial legislation and the rights that are presumed to be violated by the laws subjected to the scrutiny of constitutionality.Ultimately, the Court has considerably contributed to a dynamic adjustment of the status of the rights and duties of foreigners, also with declarations of unconstitutionality aimed at ensuring effective recognition of human rights, enshrined in the Constitution and in supranational and international law, which must be applied regardless of the possession of the status civitatis or regularity of the stay.As for constitutional right of asylum, the reference provision is Article 10, paragraph 3 of the Constitution.The punctum crucis of the reflection on constitutional asylum is represented by the relationship of this institution with those of international protection(refugee status and subsidiary protection) governed by the internal legislation transposing the European directives forming part of the so-called "Common European Asylum System" as well as of the residual form of so- called "humanitarian" internal protection, contemplated in the Italian system until its recent repeal.An attempt was made to answer two questions: can the constitutional right of asylum be considered as "absorbed" by the tools of protection indicated above and, therefore, implemented in our legal system?What role has the Constitutional Court played in defining the legal nature of this institution and the rights associated with it, in the absence of a provision implementing the rule of law/statutory reservation provided by the aforementioned constitutional provision?The work concludes, therefore, with the hope of a more meaningful intervention by the Court, that may sanction the absence of a constitutionally prescribed discipline, in order to restore the autonomous right of the individual to constitutional asylum
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Mohamed, Ayman Fathy Mohamed. "Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois en France et en Egypte." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0048/document.
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Dans un contexte politique, économique et culturel différent, la justice constitutionnelle se développe en Égypte et en France. D’un point de vue purement juridique, le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois s’exerce dans les deux pays selon une procédure différente. Le développement du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois dans les deux pays avait, toutefois, pour effet de reproduire progressivement des rapprochements quant au contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois. L’Égypte établit en 2005 un mécanisme a priori sur la constitutionnalité des certaines catégories des lois électorales. De son côté, la France finit en 2008 par inaugurer un mécanisme du contrôle a posteriori (la QPC). Cette thèse propose de montrer que la justice constitutionnelle dans les deux pays s’appuie sur les mêmes fondements, tant sur un plan matériel que formel. Le contrôle exercé par la Cour constitutionnelle dans chacun des deux pays peut être considéré comme une application du modèle européen de justice constitutionnelle adaptée aux différentes données politiques, juridiques, économiques et culturelles de chacun de deux paysIn the political, economic, and cultural status quo, constitutional justice has been developed in both Egypt and France. From the legal perspective, it has been realized that various difference between both countries within the mechanism of the constitutional review of laws. Recently, the development of this legal issue in both countries leads to some of similarities between the mechanism in both Egypt and France, especially on the procedural level. Egypt adopted the same French scheme in 2005 with respect to some of the election laws. Further, France adopted the same constitutional review as Egypt via subordinate claim in 2008. But that does not mean that the constitutional review in both countries include only the procedural levels but also the main principle of the legal constitutional reviews in Egypt and France
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Iftimiei, Andra. "La constitutionnalisation du droit pénal roumain et français : étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0103/document.
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La constitutionnalisation représente “une action qui consiste en l’octroide la nature constitutionnelle à un règle ou en la confirmation d’une institution par larègle constitutionnelle ”1. La définition trouvée dans le Vocabulaire juridique este trèsrestreinte et incomplète. Le phénomène de constitutionnalisation est complexe et semanifeste dans toutes les branches du droit, tant par l’entremise de la doctrine quepar des moyens jurisprudentielles, qui seront mises en évidence à travers cetouvrage.De nos jours, le procès de constitutionnalisation du droit en général et du droit pénalen particulaire, comporte d’intérêt par les méthodes utilisées, par les effets qu’ilproduit, mais également par la nécessité de la différentiation d’autres conceptssimilaires, comme constitutionalité ou constitutionalisme.L’importance du thème se focalise sur la nécessité de l’élimination des confusionscrées autour du terme de constitutionnalisation. En égale mesure, on se propose àmettre en valeur les prémisses du phénomène de constitutionnalisation, mais aussiles moyens par lesquels le procès en soi-même produit ses effets.Le thème choisi comporte l’intérêt d’une approche interdisciplinaire, tels quel’approche de la perspective du droit comparé, ce qui confère d’originalité, maiségalement une vision innovatrice sur l’intersection des deux branches du droit.Le plan binaire suppose une analyse concernant les premisses de laconstitutionnalisation du droit pénal et les moyens et les effets de laconstitutionnalisation du droit pénal roumain et françaisThe chosen topic sets forward the interest of an interdisciplinaryapproach as well as the approach from the perspective of comparative law, thusconferring originality, but also an innovating vision on the intersection of two lawbranches. We propose the analysis of criminal law constitutionalization due to thegeneral trend in which criminal law is equally subscribed, namely that ofinternationalization, Europeanization and constitutionalization of law. Moreover, thestudy of the two law branches is relevant given the highly intimate connectionsbetween them, through rendering more effective the protection of fundamental rightsand liberties.As research method we subscribed the entire thesis to a well-known method ofRomanian and French university school which embraces a new binary structure:problematization – solutions or hypothesis – demonstrations. The problem orhypothesis raised by the thesis is ”What is the starting point and how does the process of constitutionalization of the criminal law acts/functions?”, implicitlyadmitting the existence of such a phenomenon. The solutions or demonstrations arereflected as answers to the central questions, forged on the research plan of thethesis: highlighting the relations between criminal law and the Constitution,respectively of the means of constitutionalization and the effects of this phenomenon.Following the principles exposed by Legal Sociology regarding the integration of aprocess in the limits of a phenomenon, we reached the conclusion that in the case ofconstitutionalization, it fulfills all necessary requirements in order to be catalogued assuch. An argument in this respect is represented by the spread of this phenomenonboth from the spatial perspective (being encountered both in the European space aswell as in the international space) and from the perspective of the branches of law,which are subject to the process of constitutionalization (accordingly, we identified aseries of illustrations from Administrative Law, Labor Law, Economic Law, EuropeanLaw of Contracts or the Right to a Healthy Environment).The crystallization of the constitutionalization notion is carried out by reporting toother terms, so as to configure the delimitation of the concept. In order to delimit theconcept of constitutionalization we conducted a reporting to codification,constitutionalism, conventionality and constitutionality, underlining the existingdiscrepancies between these terms. It is estimated that there are seven stages ofconstitutionalization: 1) rigid constitution, 2) jurisdictional guaranteeing of theConstitution, 3) the compulsory force of the Constitution, 4) ”over-interpretation” ofthe Constitution, 5) interpretation of laws in accordance with the Constitution, 6)direct application of constitutional norms, 7) influence of the Constitution on politicalreports.The binary structure of the doctorate thesis proposes the analysis of theconstitutionalization phenomenon from a dual perspective: the premises ofconstitutionalization (materialized in the supremacy of the Constitution, theconstitutional grounds of criminal law, as well as constitutional guarantees in criminalmatters), and the proper constitutionalization of criminal law (which we equallystructured on the means of achievement of constitutionalization and the effects of thisphenomenon)
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Djaé, Oulovavo Mohamed. "Le pluralisme juridique de la justice et ses limites dans l'Union des Comores." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2037/document.
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Première partie : La pluralité des juridictions : une pluralité assumée et organiséeTitre I : La composition de l’appareil de justiceTitre II : L’organisation des juridictions dans l’optique d’un ordre juridictionnelDeuxième partie : Le juge comorien face aux impératifs de justiceTitre I : Le respect des fondements de la justiceTitre II : Le juge comorien à la jonction d’un pluralisme désordonnéPart 1: The plurality of courts: an assumed and organized pluralityTitle I: The composition of the judicial systemTitle II: The organisation of the courts from the perspective of a jurisdictional systemPart 2: The Comorian judge facing justice dutiesTitle I: The observations of the foundation of justiceTitle II: The Comorian judge in junction of a disordered pluralism
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Padovani, Julien. "Essai de modélisation de la justice constitutionnelle : réflexions à partir du recentrage du contentieux constitutionnel français autour des droits et libertés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0446.
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Peut-on continuer à penser la justice constitutionnelle à travers les modèles ? Cette question est à l’origine de la présente recherche, prenant acte du délaissement doctrinal en la matière. Sur les bases de la proposition fondatrice, formulée par Charles Eisenmann, la pensée relative aux modèles fut d’une grande richesse, à la fin du siècle dernier, avant de s’estomper. L'étude s’inscrit dans la continuité de ces travaux, en particulier, de ceux de Francisco Rubio Llorente, suggérant d’étudier le contentieux constitutionnel à travers un prisme téléologique. Suivant la proposition de l’auteur, distinguant entre le modèle centré sur la loi et celui axé sur les droits et libertés, la recherche aborde l'étude du système français de justice constitutionnelle. Elle met en évidence une reconfiguration du contrôle autour des droits et libertés, accélérée par la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. Elle fournit le matériel susceptible de construire la modélisation. En raison de ses limites, la proposition doctrinale est reformulée par la mise en évidence de la tension entre la séparation des pouvoirs et les droits, comme objets de la finalité du contentieux constitutionnel. Une telle modélisation permet d’attirer l’attention sur la nature du contrôle opéré et l’étendue des pouvoirs du juge, mettant l’accent sur la problématique de la légitimité de la justice constitutionnelle. La recherche a une visée exploratoire. Elle ne fournit pas une analyse du droit positif mais propose un outil susceptible de le faire et s’inscrit dans une démarche de réhabilitation de la modélisation dans l’étude du droit, reposant sur une appréhension des modèles comme outils à visée descriptiveAre theoretical models still a good vehicle to think about constitutional justice? This question is at the bottom of this study, recording the doctrinal neglect of this methodological tool. Modelling has indeed faded away in recent times, after having flourished in the end of the last century on the basis of its founding proposal formulated by Charles Eisenmann. This study reconnects with these works, in particular, with those of Francisco Rubio Llorente, suggesting that constitutional litigation should be studied through a teleological prism. Following the author's proposal, distinguishing between a law-centred model and a rights-centred one, the research focuses on the French constitutional justice system. It highlights a reconfiguration of judicial review around rights and freedoms, accelerated by the « question priroritaire de constitutionnalité ». It thus provides the material that can be used to build a new modelling. Because of its limitations, the original doctrinal proposal is indeed reformulated by highlighting the tension between separation of powers and human rights as the two kinds of purposes assigned to constitutional litigation. The stakes of such modelling are numerous. In particular, it makes it possible to draw attention to the nature of the control carried out and to the extent of power granted to constitutional judges, emphasizing the legitimacy issue of constitutional justice. This research is exploratory in nature. It provides, not an analysis of positive law, but a tool that can enable such an analysis. It is thus part of an approach trying to rehabilitate modelling in legal studies, based on an understanding of models as descriptive tools
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Spanou, Despina Anastassiou. "The European Parliament and the European Court of Justice : the contribution of case law, during the period from 1987 to 1997, to the development of the European Parliament's constitutional role." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621694.
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El, Kelani Serajeddin. "La position libérale de la cour suprême libyenne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100023.
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Présidé par la Cour Suprême, le système judiciaire Libyen est caractérisé par le principe de l'unité de la justice qui n’a pas impliqué la création de tribunaux administratifs parallèlement aux tribunaux civils. La Cour exerce ses fonctions à travers ses Chambres «constitutionnelles, administratives, civiles, pénales et du statut personnel». Ainsi, l'approche libérale de cette Cour est fondée sur les principes de la justice, de l'égalité et de la liberté. S'il apparait que l'action principale de Cour Suprême est limitée dans ses pouvoirs et sa compétence, il s'avère qu'elle tend vers un élargissement progressif de sa capacité à protéger les droits individuels. Celui-ci se manifeste à travers le jugement obligatoire sur l’inconstitutionnalité des lois ou règlements qui s’opposent aux documents constitutionnels Libyens durant toutes les périodes ( Monarchie, Jamahiriya et transition)Headed by the Supreme Court, the Libyan judicial system is based on the principle of the unity of justice, which does not involve the establishment of administrative courts alongside civil courts. The Court exercises its functions through its constituencies (constitutional, administrative, civil, criminal and personal). Thus, the liberal approach of this court is based on the principles of justice, equality and freedom. While the main procedure of the Supreme Court appears to be limited in its powers and jurisdiction, it appears to tend to gradually expand its ability to protect individual rights. This is reflected in its binding provisions on the unconstitutionality of laws or regulations that oppose Libyan constitutional documents during all periods (monarchy, mass, and transition)
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Mendes, Conrado Hübner. "Deliberative performance of constitutional courts." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5974.
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Political deliberation is a classic component of collective decision-making. It consists in forming one’s political position through the give-and-take of reasons in the search of, but not necessarily reaching, consensus. Participants of genuine deliberation are open to transform their preferences in the light of persuasive arguments. Constitutional theory has borrowed this notion in its effort to reconstruct a justificatory discourse for judicial review of legislation. Constitutional courts were ascribed the pivotal role of implementing fundamental rights in most contemporary democracies and called for a more sophisticated picture of democratic politics. One influential defence has claimed that courts are not only insulated from electoral competition in order to guarantee the pre-conditions of majoritarian politics, but are deliberative forums of a distinctive kind: they are better located for public reasongiving. This belief has remained, from the normative point of view, largely underelaborated. The thesis proposes a model of deliberative performance to fill that gap. This qualitative concept unfolds the institutional and ethical requirements for courts to be genuinely deliberative. Instead of taking a stand on the old dispute about which institution is more legitimate to have the “last word” on constitutional meaning, this research leaves this question suspended and systematizes the large range of variations that can exist in constitutional courts’ performances. Discussions about the potential roles of constitutional courts, in this perspective, become more sensitive to contexts and to their varying degrees of legitimacy. The thesis offers a comprehensive picture of what is at stake if a constitutional court plans to be truly deliberative. This picture comprises the virtues presupposed by an ethics of deliberation, the institutional devices that facilitate deliberation, the approach to constitutional reasoning that is more hospitable to deliberation and, finally, the political perception to grasp the limits of deliberation itself.
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Menevse, Akif. "La justice constitutionnelle sous la troisième république turque." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10163.
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La constitution turque actuelle prévoit des restrictions en matière de justice constitutionnelle. Mais la constitution n'est pas la seule responsable des lacunes qui existent dans le domaine de la protection des libertés publiques. La cour constitutionnelle a, elle aussi, une part de responsabilité à ce sujet. En effet, dans certains cas, sa jurisprudence manque d'audace et fait parfois meme l'objet de controverses. Mais l'importance de la cour constitutionnelle, dans la vie publique turque, demeure incontestableThe current Turkish constitution lays down restrictions as far as constitutional justice is concerned. But the constitution is not alone to be blamed for the deficiencies existing in the field of protection of public liberties. Constitutional court too is partly responsible for this matter. Actually, in some cases, its jurisprudence lacks audacity and sometimes even causes controversy. But the importance of the constitutional court in Turkish public life remains indisputable
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Papasavvas, Savvas. "La justice constitutionnelle à Chypre." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32042.
Full textAbstract:
Apres une breve presentation du contexte politique et constitutionnel de chypre, cette these traite de l'organisation du systeme chypriote de justice constitutionnelle, tout en essayant de le situer par rapport aux systemes actuels en autriche, allemagne, espagne, etats-unis, france, grece, italie, portugal. La deuxieme partie de la these concerne certains aspects de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle de la cour supreme de chypre, dont le droit de necessite, la revision de la constitution ainsi que des droits fondamentaux lies a des enjeux d'ordre politiqueAfter a brief presentation of the political and constitutional context of cyprus, this thesis presents the cypriot system of constitutional justice, trying to situate it in relation with other existing systems in austria, france, germany, greece, italy, portugal, spain and united states. In the second part of the thesis there is a selective presentation of the cyprus supreme court decisions, concerning the law of necessity, the constitutional amendments and some fundamental nights closely related with political considerations