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Oliveira, Jadson Correia de. "O controle cooperativo de constitucionalidade das normas através das audiências públicas e da atuação do Amicus Curiae na jurisdição constitucional." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1054.
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O presente trabalho tem o escopo de analisar a abertura do processo constitucional objetivo por meio da realização de audiências públicas e da participação do amicus curiae decorrentes da aplicação da tese de Peter Häberle acerca da sociedade aberta dos intérpretes da Constituição, isto é, da pluralização do debate e processo constitucional, a fim de promover o acesso à jurisdição constitucional abstrata e buscar a legitimidade das decisões. O ponto de partida de tal estudo se deve às constantes posturas adotadas pelo STF em sede de participação democrática em suas decisões no curso dos processos objetivos de controle de constitucionalidade das normas. Para alcançar o seu desiderato, a presente investigação inicia fazendo um estudo sobre o Estado e suas relações com os cidadãos, a atividade jurisdicional e a maneira como esse poder é exercido e a aproximação entre os sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade difuso e concentrado, aborda também cada um dos temas delineadores da tese haberliana: a busca pela legitimidade do Direito e a atuação dos intérpretes da Constituição, pois, conforme propalado por Häberle, não há norma que não a norma interpretada, por isso a extrema preocupação sobre a figura do intérprete; a releitura do princípio da legalidade, após o advento do movimento neoconstitucionalista, com ênfase no período do segundo pós-guerra; a necessidade de se realizar o processo constitucional, de acordo com a evolução da própria sociedade a respeito dos seus valores (tempo e Constituição), a interpretação evolutiva do texto constitucional, sob pena de se fossilizar o Direito e afastá-lo da sociedade. Outrossim, torna-se imprescindível a análise acerca da organização do Estado, pois a forma como a relação Estado-sociedade se desenvolve acaba por refletir a tendência a uma maior ou menor abertura à participação social. Este trabalho, organizado em cinco capítulos e valendo-se do método dialético, bem como de realização de pesquisas boleanas no site do STF, utiliza como exemplo da aplicação dos temas abordados a análise do voto do Ministro do STF Celso de Mello sobre o reconhecimento jurídico das uniões homoafetivas, proferido na ADPF 132/RJ, bem como da forma como foram organizadas as audiências públicas, escolhidas em virtude de terem sido concluídas, quando da confecção da presente pesquisa. A pesquisa conclui que a subjetivização do controle concentrado de constitucionalidade reflete uma expansão da cidadania e da própria democracia, quando cria um espaço deliberativo dentro de uma Corte que possui aptidão para decidir de forma isolada para viabilizar o acesso social ao processo de construção da decisão judicial.This paper has as goal to examine the thesis of Peter Häberle about the open society of interpreters of the Constitution, i.e., the pluralization of the debate and the constitutional process. The starting point for such a study is due to the recent positions taken by the Supreme Court (STF) based on democratic participation in their decisions, such as holding public hearings as well as enabling that amici curiae participate in the course of the objective processes of constitutional control. The study presents each of the major themes of the German jurist thesis, such as: legitimacy of law and the role of interpreters of the Constitution, because, as Häberle declared, there is no rule unless the interpreted one, therefore the extreme concern about the interpreter, taking special attention, in the current constitutional process: in the Brazilian tradition, the amicus curiae, the reinterpretation of the principle of legality after the new constitutionalism, with emphasis on the period after the second world war, the need to carry out the constitutional process in accordance with the evolution of the society itself, about its values (time and Constitution), the evolutive interpretation of the Constitution, in order not to fossilize the law and/or not allowing that it be far away from the whole society. By logical consequence, it is mandatory to near law and society, wich may be done by adopting non majority position by the Court that helds that the constitutional process. It is also to be noted that the opening of the constitutional process, although it is a trend that has been applied in many jurisdictions, even due to the approximation of judicial review models (diffuse and concentrated), receives hard criticism, mainly because of the social openness to the Constitution, either if it is held by a Constitutional Court or by a Supreme Court. This happens due to the occurence of such activity at the level of problematic interpretation issue, which permeates the concerning results, either they are majority or not. This paper uses, as an example of the theory`s application, the analysis of extracts from the vote of Celso de Mello, one of the Supreme Court ministers, about the recognition of homo-afective unions, delivered in ADPF 132/RJ.
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Ndour, Souleymane. "L’articulation des contrôles a priori et a posteriori en contentieux constitutionnel. L’expérience française à la lumière de droits étrangers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMD006.
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Un système juridique qui ne dispose initialement que d’un seul mécanisme de contrôle peut, au cours de son évolution, en introduire un autre afin de compléter ce modèle. Cela se produit notamment lorsqu’il présente des lacunes significatives. Combiner deux types de contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois, l’un a priori et l’autre a posteriori dans un même système n’est pas évidente, car leur articulation ne va pas de soi. Pour réussir une combinaison efficace des contrôles, il est nécessaire de mettre en place des dispositifs susceptibles de favoriser leur harmonisation, à savoir mieux encadrer l’autorité de la chose jugée de chacun des contrôles. Ceci permet de garantir un équilibre et une interaction effective entre eux. Ainsi, la dualité des contrôles contribue à protéger plus efficacement l’ordre juridique contre les atteintes liées aux inconstitutionnalités. Le contrôle a priori a pour objet de prévenir l’entrée en vigueur de dispositions législatives contraires à la Constitution. Si celles-ci échappent à la vigilance du juge constitutionnel ou si une loi devient inconstitutionnelle avec la pratique, le contrôle a posteriori sert dans ce cas à éviter leur maintien. La coexistence de ces deux types de contrôle est donc un moyen efficace pour mieux faire respecter la constitutionnalité. Les conditions d’une combinaison viable de ces contrôles doivent être définies par les pouvoirs publics, avant que le juge constitutionnel, chargé de leur application n’en assure leur effectivité. Ce dernier joue un rôle important, car la réussite ou l’échec de cette articulation dépend de lui. En France, le juge constitutionnel a permis une articulation harmonieuse des contrôles a priori et a posteriori, où ils se complètent sans heurt, sans que l’un supplante l’autre. À l’inverse, en Espagne, le Tribunal constitutionnel a « saboté » le fonctionnement du contrôle a priori, conduisant à sa suppression. À titre comparatif, le modèle français de combinaison apparaît comme une exceptionA legal system that initially has only one mechanism of oversight can, over the course of its evolution, introduce another to complement this model. This especially occurs when it exhibits significant shortcomings. Combining two types of constitutional review of laws—one a priori and the other a posteriori—within the same system is not straightforward, as their coordination is not self-evident. To successfully achieve an effective combination of these reviews, it is necessary to establish mechanisms that promote their harmonization, specifically by better defining the legal authority of the judgments rendered by each type of review. This ensures a balance and effective interaction between them. Thus, the duality of reviews helps to more effectively protect the legal order against violations arising from unconstitutionalities. The purpose of a priori review is to prevent the entry into force of legislative provisions that are contrary to the Constitution. If such provisions escape the constitutional judge’s scrutiny or if a law becomes unconstitutional in practice, the a posteriori review then serves to prevent its continued application. The coexistence of these two types of review is, therefore, an effective means of ensuring better compliance with constitutionality. The conditions for a viable combination of these reviews must be defined by public authorities before the constitutional judge, responsible for their implementation, ensures their effectiveness. The judge plays an important role, as the success or failure of this coordination depends on them. In France, the constitutional judge has facilitated a harmonious coordination of a priori and a posteriori reviews, where they complement each other smoothly, without one overshadowing the other. Conversely, in Spain, the Constitutional Court "sabotaged" the functioning of a priori review, leading to its abolition. Comparatively, the French model of combination stands out as an exception
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Torres, Zúñiga Natalia. "Review (laws) for compliance and human rights multi-level protection in Inter-American Human Rights System." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115501.
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This article addresses diverse perspectives concerning relationship between reviewing (laws) for compliance and the process of putting international law of human rights on a constitutional footing. Therefore, a parallel is established between reviewing (laws) for compliance and constitutional review (laws) in order to outline features and application impact of this research. The design of a multi-level protection system for fundamental rights in Latin America is also discussed in this article.El presente artículo aborda aspectos relativos a la relación entre el control de convencionalidad y el proceso de constitucionalización del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Así, se establece un paralelo entre el control de convencionalidad y el control de constitucionalidad, a fin de determinar las características y el impacto de la aplicación del examen mencionado. El documento da cuenta de la configuración de un sistema de protección multinivel de los derechos fundamentales en Latinoamérica.
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Leme, Geraldo Luiz Cabreira Paes. "Controle jurisdicional preventivo : possibilidades de preservação da Constituição /." Franca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181749.
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Orientador: Alexandre Walmott BorgesResumo: A dissertação se dedica a investigar as possibilidades de realização de controle jurisdicional de constitucionalidade abstrato e preventivo no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Elabora-se a presente temática a partir da observação das recorrentes vezes em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) é provocado a se posicionar sobre procedimentos legislativos que afrontam, em tese, a Constituição federal de 1988 (CF/88). As alegações de inconstitucionalidade originam-se principalmente a partir das Propostas de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) que ameaçam às cláusulas pétreas previstas no art. 60, § 4º, incisos I, II, III e IV da CF/88. Para tanto, realiza-se no presente trabalho uma análise bibliográfica e teórica dos elementos da teoria constitucional que estão relacionados com o controle de constitucionalidade. O primeiro capítulo da dissertação è destinado à contextualização sobre as origens das Constituições modernas, bem como as principais características do Poder Constituinte (originário e derivado) que se relaciona diretamente com a supremacia da Constituição. Ato contínuo, no segundo capítulo são apresentados os principais modelos de controle de constitucionalidade desenvolvidos por países como Estados Unidos da América, França, Áustria. Apresentam-se, também, as adaptações que demais Estados europeus realizaram, derivadas principalmente do modelo o austríaco, bem como a formação das Cortes Constitucionais. Não obstante, nesse capítulo são, também, elencadas as principais classificaçõe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate the possibilities of realizing an abstract and preventive judicial control of constitutionality at the brazilian law system. The standing theme is made from the observation of the many times in which the Federal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, STF) is instigated to positionate itself about the law procedures that go aginst, in theory, the 1988 Federal Constitution (CF/88). The explanations of unconstitutionality are originated especially from the Purposes of Amendments to the Constitution (Propostas de Emendas Constitucionais, PEC) that threaten the immutable clauses expected in the article 60, § 4th, subsections I, II, III and IV, from the 1988 Constitution. Therefore, in this work there’s a theoric and bibliograhpic analisys of the elements from the consitutional theory which are related to the consitutionality control. The first chapter is destinated for contextualizing the origins of the modern Constitutions, as well as the main characteristics of the Consituent Power (both ortiginary and derivative) which is directly related with the Constitution’s Supremacy. Second, in the second chapter it’s introduced a wide range of the main models of constitutionality control, developed by countrys such as the United States of America, France and Austria. Also, the further adaptations made by other european States, derivative specially from the Austriac model, and another item that is also introduced is the formation of Consitutional C... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Sousa, Marcos Paulo Jorge de. "Controle de juridicidade da eficiência na gestão administrativa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20026.
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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-19T12:03:48Z
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The scope of the present dissertation consists in analyzing the jurisdictional control of efficiency in administrative management. Because it refers to State actions exercised under the rules of the administrative legal system, the Public Administration control has been identified as an administrative activity. To ensure effectiveness to such activity, the Brazilian Constitution provides for the need to establish a complex system of internal control whose objectives include the duty to prove the legality and validity (jurisdictional nature) of State efficiency. Within the ambit of Public Law, said efficiency is deemed to be a synonym for the duty to conduct proper administration, thus constituting a rule that must be constantly observed in order ensure that the public interest is achieved in the most suitable manner. In such context, the jurisdictional control of efficiency, performed by the system of internal control, is accomplished through the supervision of administrative actions when it comes to due compliance of the acts and procedures with the rules and principles enshrined in the legal system
A presente dissertação tem por escopo analisar o controle de juridicidade da eficiência na gestão administrativa. Por tratar-se de uma ação estatal exercida sob as normas do regime jurídico administrativo, o controle da Administração Pública passou a ser identificado como atividade administrativa. Para garantir a efetividade dessa atividade, a Constituição Federal previu a necessidade da instituição de um complexo sistema de controle interno que dentre suas finalidades tem o dever de comprovar a juridicidade da eficiência estatal. Essa eficiência é compreendida no Direito Público como sinônimo do dever de boa administração, apresentando-se, pois, como uma regra que deve ser incessantemente cumprida a fim de que o interesse público seja concretizado da melhor forma possível. Nesse contexto, o controle de juridicidade da eficiência exercido pelo sistema de controle interno se efetiva a partir da fiscalização da atuação administrativa no que tange a conformidade dos atos e dos procedimentos com os princípios e as regras constantes do ordenamento jurídico
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Dutra, Carlos Roberto de Alckmin. "O controle abstrato de constitucionalidade sob o enfoque dos princípios processuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-07022011-152707/.
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Este estudo volta-se a averiguar a possibilidade de aplicação dos princípios constitucionais e gerais do processo ao controle abstrato de constitucionalidade (aqui abrangidas tanto as ações direta de inconstitucionalidade, como a declaratória de constitucionalidade e, ainda, a arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental), bem como a verificar em que medida a especialidade do processo objetivo de controle de constitucionalidade permite, ou não, a aplicação dos princípios gerais do processo e, ainda, a expor que, algumas vezes, as particularidades do processo do controle abstrato resultam na conformação de princípios próprios, diversos daqueles que informam os processos de índole subjetiva. Após uma introdução que busca trazer a lume as origens históricas do controle de constitucionalidade, apresentando o surgimento dos dois modelos de controle repressivo existentes (quais sejam, o norteamericano e o austríaco), bem como a conformação histórica e atual do sistema brasileiro, passa-se à análise dos princípios processuais à luz dos princípios constitucionais fixados na Constituição Federal de 1988. A abordagem é feita mediante o estudo de cada um dos princípios processuais aplicáveis, quais sejam: os princípios da especialidade; do juiz natural e da reserva de plenário; da ação ou demanda; da congruência; da especificação das normas; da causa de pedir aberta; da subsidiariedade; da livre investigação das provas; da indisponibilidade; do contraditório; da publicidade; da motivação e fundamentação das decisões; da irrecorribilidade; e da irrescindibilidade. O estudo é realizado mediante a análise tanto dos posicionamentos da doutrina como das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal que exploram mais diretamente o tema da aplicação dos princípios processuais em questão. Ao final, conclui-se que as normas processuais de índole constitucional têm, ao menos em princípio, aplicação no processo de controle de constitucionalidade, bem como que, em decorrência da natureza jurisdicional do processo de controle abstrato, a aplicação de determinados princípios gerais do processo traria inegáveis benefícios, maior segurança e clareza ao processo do controle de constitucionalidade.This study aims at checking the possibility of applying the constitutional and general principles of judicial proceedings to the abstract constitutionality control (i.e., judicial reviews covering direct unconstitutionality actions, as well as declaratory proceedings of constitutionality, and fundamental precept violation actions), as well as to check to what extent the specialty of the objective control of constitutionality actions permit, or do not permit, the application of general principles of the judicial proceedings and still, to expose that, sometimes, the peculiarities of the abstract control result in conformation of peculiar principles, different from those that inform legal actions of subjective character. After an introduction that aims at enlightening the historical origins of constitutionality control (judicial review), presenting the creation of two existing repressive control models (i.e., North-American and Austrian models), as well as the historical and present configuration of the Brazilian system, an analysis of the procedural principles is made facing the constitutional principles established in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. The approach is made by studying each one of the applicable procedural principles, such as: specialty principle, natural judge principle and full bench principle; as well as principles of legal actions or claims; congruence; specification or norms; open cause of action; subsidiary rights; free investigation of evidence or proof; inalienability; contradictory; publicity; motivation and recital of decisions, refuse to appeal; and irrevocability. This study is carried out by analysing both the doctrines opinion as well as the decisions of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court that exploit more directly the theme of procedural principles application being studied. Finally, it is concluded that the procedural norms of constitutional character at least have as a principle their application in the constitutionality control action, as well as that as a result of the jurisdictional nature of the concentrated control action, the application of certain general principles of the proceedings would bring undeniable benefits, greater safety and clearness to the constitutional control actions.
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Felten, Maria Cláudia. "Análise da constitucionalidade do valor do salário mínimo nacional brasileiro sob dois enfoques : a jusfundamentalidade e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2008. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1008.
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O presente trabalho versa sobre uma análise dogmática da constitucionalidade do valor do saláiio núnimo nacional, como um direito fundamental social do trabalhador brasileiro, à luz do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. O Poder Legislativo e o Poder Executivo nã.o cumprem com o programa social consagrado na Constituição Federal de 1988, sobretudo em relaçã.o aos direitos sociais. Contudo, o salfuio núnimo nacional deve atender as necessidades vitais básicas do trabalhador, ou seja, trata-se do núnimo existencial, que sem isso o indivíduo não alcança liberdade, igualdade e autonomia em relaçã.o à sociedade e o Estado. A Constituiçã.o Federal também ciiou mecanismos de defesas dos direitos sociais, inclusive dois desses mecanismos já foram utilizados para que o valor do salário núnimo nacional fosse declarado inconstitucional (açã.o direta de inconstitucionalidade por omissã.o parcial e argüição de descumprimento de: preceito fundamental). Entretanto, o Supremo Tribunal Federal reconheceu em três ocasiões a inconstitucionalidade por omissã.o parcial praticada pelo legislador em relaçã.o à fixa.çã.o do valor do salfu·io núnimo, mas nada pode fazer. Eis que se tem a reserva do possível, a reserva parlamentar orçamentáiia, a Separaçã.o de Poderes e a falta de legislaçã.o no procedimento das ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade. Em que pese isso, vige no ordenamento pátrio, a proibiçã.o do retrocesso social e a proibiçã.o da insuficiência. No momento que o valor do salfu·io núnimo não concretiza todas as necessidades vitais básicas descritas no artigo 7°, inciso IV, da Constituição Federal, está havendo insuficiência e quem sabe retrocesso, o que será analisado no trabalho.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-09-24T19:18:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Claudia Felten.pdf: 28389274 bytes, checksum: 9c7806055fdbf3e40a328be03f19e842 (MD5)
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This work deals dogma ti c analysis o f the constitutionality o f the value o f the national mininnun wage, as a fundamentaltight ofthe social worker Brazil, in the light ofthe principie of human dignity. The legislative branch a1nd the Executive do not comply with the social program enshrined in the Federal Constitution of 1988, particularly in relation to social rights. However, the national minimum wage shoulld meet the basic vital needs o f the worker, or it is the existential minimtun, without which it does not meet the individual freedom, equality and autonomy in relation to society and the state. The Federal Constinltion also created mechanisms for protection of social rights, including two such mechanisms have been used for the value o f the national minimtun wage was declared unconstitutional ( direct action of unconstitutional default partia! and argüição of breach of fundamental precept). Meanwhile, the Federal Supreme Cowt on three occasions acknowledged the unconstitutional default prutial practiced by the legislantre in relatioJn to the fixing o f the value o f the minimum wage, but can do nothing. That which has been the: reservation as possible, the reserve parliamentaty budget, the Separation o f Powers and the lack o f legislation in the procedure o f direct actions of unconstitutional. In that despite thís, vige in planning pátrio, the prohibition of social backlash and the prohibition of failure. Ctmently the value of the minimum wage not implemented all the basic vital needs desctibed in Alticle 7 of, section IV, of the Federal Constitution, there is insufficient and who lmows setback, which will be examined at work.
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Dutra, Carlos Roberto de Alckmin. "A exigência constitucional de qualidade formal da lei e seus reflexos no processo legislativo e no controle de constitucionalidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-10112015-085752/.
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A presente tese tem por finalidade demonstrar a necessidade de que as leis sejam elaboradas com qualidade formal, no que tange aos aspectos de redação e estruturação interna, de modo a permitir a devida compreensão do texto e, igualmente, da norma nele contida por parte tanto dos aplicadores da lei como dos cidadãos. Pretende-se demonstrar a existência de um dever constitucional de elaborar a legislação com clareza, coerência e logicidade. Esse múnus, inerente ao Estado de Direito, é materializado nos princípios da segurança jurídica (CF, art. 1º) e do devido processo legal (CF, art. 5º, LIV). No Brasil, há norma específica (CF, art. 59, parágrafo único) a prever a edição de lei complementar destinada a disciplinar a elaboração, a redação, a alteração e a consolidação das leis (Lei Complementar n. 95, de 26 de fevereiro de 1998). A metodologia utilizada é essencialmente dogmática, mediante a análise do direito positivo brasileiro. Utilizam-se eventuais enfoques zetéticos a partir da Ciência da Legislação, da Sociologia do Direito e da Ciência Política. Propõe-se, também, a ampla análise de doutrina e jurisprudência nacionais e estrangeiras. O capítulo 1 destina-se a introduzir o tema, com a finalidade de demonstrar que, embora as leis sejam objeto de vontade política, estão, também, sujeitas a limitações quanto ao procedimento para a sua elaboração, ao seu próprio conteúdo e à sua redação e estruturação. No capítulo 2, estuda-se a Ciência da Legislação, seu desenvolvimento e suas ramificações, em especial a Legística de caráter formal e sua contribuição para o aperfeiçoamento da produção legislativa. No capítulo 3, examina-se a evolução da Ciência da Legislação no Brasil, que culminou com a previsão contida no parágrafo único do artigo 59 da Constituição e na LC 95/98, editada em seu cumprimento. Considera-se a LC 95/98 em diversos aspectos: seus destinatários, efeitos, momento de aplicação, bem como as consequências de sua inobservância durante o processo legislativo e depois de aprovada a lei. No capítulo 4, aborda-se a inconstitucionalidade das leis, mediante o exame da evolução de cada uma de suas espécies (material, formal, orgânica e, afinal, finalística), com especial enfoque à inconstitucionalidade finalística decorrente de má-formação interna ou estrutural da lei. No capítulo 5, estuda-se o controle de constitucionalidade sob os aspectos formal e estrutural da lei no direito estrangeiro (Estados Unidos, França, Canadá, Espanha, Portugal, Itália e Alemanha). O capítulo 6 enfoca o tema central a inconstitucionalidade finalística intrínseca ao ato normativo, decorrente de severa deficiência redacional ou estrutural interna , demonstrando-se que não basta a mera inobservância aos critérios de Legística materializados na LC 95/98 para causar a inconstitucionalidade da lei: é necessário que a imperfeição seja de tal monta a ponto de vulnerar os princípios constitucionais do devido processo legal e da segurança jurídica. Esses princípios são analisados enquanto parâmetros para a aferição da constitucionalidade das leis no que tange aos aspectos de clareza, coerência e logicidade de sua redação e estruturação. Por fim, no capítulo 7 analisa-se a prática do controle de constitucionalidade com fundamento em regras de Legística.This thesis aims at demonstrating the need for laws to be written with formal quality, regarding the aspects of wording and internal structure in order to allow the proper understanding of the text and, likewise, of the legal norm contained in it both on the part of law enforcers and citizens. The thesis intends to demonstrate the existence of a constitutional duty of writing legislation with clarity, coherence and logicality. This munus, which is inherent to the rule of law, is materialized in the principles of legal certainty (Federal Constitution, article 1) and the due process of law (Federal Constitution, article 5, LIV). In Brazil, there is a specific legal norm (Federal Constitution, article 59, sole paragraph) providing for the issuance of a Complementary Law aimed at regulating the elaboration, wording, amendment and consolidation of laws (Complementary Law n. 95 of February 26, 1998). The methodology used is essentially dogmatic by analyzing the Brazilian positive law. Eventual zetetic approaches from the Legislation Science, Sociology of Law and Political Science are used. The comprehensive analysis of doctrine and national and foreign jurisprudence is also proposed. Chapter 1 aims at introducing the theme with the purpose to demonstrate that, although the laws are the subject to political will, they are also subject to limitations as to the procedure for their elaboration, to their own content and their wording and structuring. In chapter 2, Legislation Science is studied, as well as its development and ramifications, especially formal Legistics and its contribution to the improvement of legislative production. In Chapter 3, the evolution of Legislation Science in Brazil is examined, and it culminated with the provision contained in the sole paragraph of article 59 of the Constitution and the LC 95/98, published in compliance with it. The LC 95/98 is taken into consideration in several respects: its recipients, effects, time of application, as well as the consequences of its non-observance during the legislative process and after the law passed. Chapter 4 addresses the unconstitutionality of laws by examining the evolution of each one of its kinds (material, formal, organic and, at last, finalistic), with special focus on finalistic unconstitutionality deriving from internal or structural malformation of the law. In Chapter 5, the constitutionality control under formal and structural aspects of the law in foreign Law (United States, France, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany) is studied. Chapter 6 focuses on the central theme the finalistic unconstitutionality intrinsic to the normative ruling derived from wording or internal structural deficiency demonstrating that the mere failure to follow the criteria of Legistics materialized in LC 95/98 is not enough to cause the unconstitutionality of the law. It is necessary that the imperfection is of such magnitude as to violate the constitutional principles of due process of law and rule of law. These principles are analyzed as parameters for gauging the unconstitutionality of laws in relation to aspects of clarity, coherence and logicality of their wording and structure. Finally, in Chapter 7, the practice of constitutionality control is analyzed on the grounds of Legistics rules.
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Cappello, Aurélie. "La constitutionnalisation du droit pénal. Pour une étude du droit pénal constitutionnel." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020077.
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La constitutionnalisation du droit pénal désigne l’emprise croissante de la Constitution sur la matière pénale du fait de l’enrichissement des principes constitutionnels et de la diversification des contrôles de constitutionnalité. Le Conseil constitutionnel n’est pas le seul à l’origine de ce phénomène, même s’il en est l’acteur principal. Toutes les autorités de contrôle, de conception et d’application du droit pénal contribuent, par le partage de leurs compétences et l’échange de leurs doctrines, à l’existence d’un droit pénal conforme à la Constitution et à la construction du volet pénal de la norme suprême. En outre, si la constitutionnalisation s’inscrit dans la promotion de la Constitution, elle est surtout au service de la légitimation de la matière pénale elle-même. L’ensemble des principes constitutionnels, tels qu’énoncés dans les textes et interprétés par le Conseil, sont empreints d’une philosophie humaniste. Leur consécration et leur respect permettent la reconnaissance et l’adhésion du justiciable, amené à percevoir le droit pénal comme juste et justifié. La constitutionnalisation est donc un processus porté par le rapprochement des autorités et porteur de légitimation pour le droit pénal. Mais, si elle est un processus, le droit pénal constitutionnel en est le résultat. La constitutionnalisation donne, en effet, naissance à un droit pénal nouveau, le droit pénal constitutionnel. Placé sous l’emprise de la Constitution, le droit pénal est désormais élaboré et appliqué à la lumière de la norme suprême, et ne peut être compris ni appréhendé sans une référence à celle-ciConstitutionalization of criminal law refers to the growing ascendancy of the Constitution over criminal law due to the densification of constitutional principles and the diversification of constitutionality controls. The Constitutional Council is not the only body wherefrom this phenomenon originated, although its prime contributor. By sharing their powers and exchanging doctrines, all authorities that control, elaborate and apply criminal law make it compliant with the Constitution and contribute to the construction of the criminal part of the Supreme Law. Moreover, whilst constitutionalization promotes the Constitution, it first and foremost contributes to the legitimization of criminal law itself. All constitutional principles, as set out in statutes and construed by the Council, are imbued with a humanistic philosophy. Formalization of and compliance with these principles encourage individuals to accept and subscribe to criminal law, as they see it as fair and well-founded. Constitutionalization is therefore a process driven by the growing interaction of authorities and a factor of legitimization of criminal law. Yet, whilst constitutionalization is a process, constitutional criminal law is its outcome. Constitutionalization does indeed give birth to a new kind of criminal law, constitutional criminal law. Now under the influence of the Constitution, criminal law is elaborated and applied in the light of the Supreme Law, and cannot be understood nor comprehended without reference to it
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Sampaio, Ricardo Alves. "Os poderes processuais que vêm sendo conferidos ao amicus curiae em sua trajetória nas ações de controle de constitucionalidade julgadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=584.
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O Brasil é um país de constituição rígida. Embora a competência para a elaboração das leis pertença, em regra, aos parlamentares que são eleitos diretamente pelo povo; os juízes, ao contrário destes, que não são eleitos, ora se submetem a concurso público de provas e títulos
ou são indicados por critério político, como acontece na composição das altas cortes, têm a prerrogativa de declarar a inconstitucionalidade das leis, anulando-as. Assim, se constata uma deficiência democrática na atuação da jurisdição constitucional. Nessa trilha, a doutrina
aponta como desejável maior legitimação na interpretação realizada pelos juízes para o exercício do controle de constitucionalidade e revelam como mecanismo de ligação entre a vontade popular e as decisões judiciais a intervenção da sociedade civil organizada nos processos através do Amicus Curiae. A pesquisa analisa a figura do Amicus Curiae em sua trajetória no controle concentrado de constitucionalidade brasileira, desde a época em que era aceito informalmente, passando por sua positivação na Lei 9.868/99, até o momento atual em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal vem lhe concedendo prerrogativas outras não previstas na lei, evidenciando a fase atual de jurisprudencialização do direitoBrazil is a country of rigid constitution. Although the responsibility for drafting the laws belong, as a rule, to the parliamentarians who are elected directly by people, the judges, unlike those who are not elected, sometimes are submitted to public tender of evidence and securities or are indicated by political criterion , as the composition of the high courts that have the power to declare laws unconstitutional, nullifying them. Thus, there is a deficiency in the performance of the democratic constitutional jurisdiction. On this track, the doctrine suggests greater legitimacy as desirable in the interpretation made by the judges to exercise the control of constitutionality and reveal a mechanism of connection between the popular will and judgments of the intervention of civil society in the processes through Amicus curiae. The research examines the figure of the Amicus curiae in its trajectory inside concentrated control of constitutionality in Brazil, since the days when it was accepted informally, through its positive in Law 9868/99, until the present time in which the Supreme Court has granted other prerogatives that are under the law, showing the current phase which involves advancement of the judicial precedent in law
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Carvalho, Rogério Aparecido Fernandes de. "As múltiplas dimensões da judicialização da política e os usos sociais do controle de constitucionalidade: Porto Alegre/RS como objeto de estudo." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2441.
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O presente trabalho busca investigar as múltiplas teorias e manifestações do fenômeno contemporâneo da “judicialização da política”, o qual será enfocado em sua apreensão teórica mais importante: como manifestação do exercício do controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis. Para tanto, a “judicialização da política” será analisada em três dimensões distintas: a institucional, na qual serão descritas as condições, causas e arranjos institucionais necessários para que a política seja judicializada; a social, na qual serão analisados os diversos usos sociais dos sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade pelos atores sociais; a normativa, em que serão estudados os conteúdos jurídico-dogmáticos que o controle de constitucionalidade envolve, e como estes podem moldar o processo de judicialização. Por fim, será explorado um aspecto ainda pouco pesquisado do fenômeno – a “judicialização da política” em âmbito local –, com a apresentação de um estudo sob o caso de Porto Alegre/RS, a partir da análise das ações
The present paper seeks to investigate the multiple theories and manifestations of the contemporary phenomenon of the "judicialization of politics," which will be focused in its most important theoretical apprehension: as a manifestation of the exercise of judicial control of constitutionality of laws. For this, the "judicialization of politics" will be analysed in three different dimensions: the institutional one, in which the necessary conditions, causes and institutional arrangements will be described so that policy is judicialized; the social one, in which the several social uses of systems of control of constitutionality by the social actors will be analysed; the normative one, where the legal-dogmatic contents that involves the control of constitutionality will be studied, and how they can shape the process of judicialization. Finally, a aspect still little researched of the phenomenon will be explored - the "judicialization of politics" in the local scope - with the presentation of a study under the ca
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França, Rodrigo Marques. "Segurança jurídica e a modulação de efeitos nas decisões judiciais em matéria tributária: uma proposta de aplicação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8608.
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-25This work aims to establish parameters for the correct application of the legal certainty principle, especially in the control of constitutionality of taxation rules by the Supreme Court. The main issue in the present work has proved of great importance in view of the constant changes in the rulings given by the Superior Court of Justice (e.g. Summary 276), and the implications brought with the declaration of unconstitutionality, especially when it is given ex-tunc effect. The Supreme Court has always observed that the ruling about unconstitutionality makes null and void all the effects of the standards so declared, since its very beginning (ab initio). However, such understanding often ends up breaking several other standards, which may represent more important values for society, disregarding the primary role of law which, in this work, is legal certainty. It is intended to establish basic prerequisites in order to facilitate the understanding of the issues proposed here, such as the concept of legal system, and other legal rules, and the role of fundamental rights, especially in order to identify who are its main beneficiaries. Among the results to be achieved is the identification of the limits of article 27 of Law #9.868/99, which is known as the legal vehicle to introduce in the Brazilian system the possibility of modulating the effects of the rulings on constitutionality control and also if the said modulation of effects was possible even before the introduction of the Law #9.868/99 in our legal system
O presente trabalho que tem objetivo estabelecer parâmetros para uma correta aplicação da segurança jurídica no controle de constitucionalidade, seja no difuso seja no concentrado, levando em conta os princípios jurídicos, especialmente, os que delimitam a tributação no País. Tal problemática revela-se de grande importância, tendo em vista as constantes alterações jurisprudenciais, inclusive, em matérias já sumuladas pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça (e.g. Súmula 276), bem como as implicações que uma eventual declaração de inconstitucionalidade pode revelar, especialmente, quando se atribui efeitos ex-tunc. Deveras, o Supremo Tribunal Federal sempre adotou o entendimento que as normas declaradas inconstitucionais deveriam ter seus efeitos anulados ab nitio, adotando a teoria de nulidade das normas jurídicas. Contudo, muitas vezes tal posicionamento acaba por violar diversas outras normas, de natureza valorativa mais caras à sociedade do que se os referidos efeitos fossem limitados, desrespeitando, desta forma, a função primordial do direito que, no presente trabalho, é a segurança jurídica. Pretende-se para tanto, estabelecer premissas fundamentais visando facilitar o entendimento das questões aqui propostas, tais como o conceito de sistema jurídico adotado, princípio, regras jurídicas e outros, bem como o precípuo papel dos direitos fundamentais, especialmente, identificando para quem estes são direcionados. Dentre os resultados que se pretende atingir é identificar os limites da incidência do art. 27, da Lei nº 9.868/99, que, teoricamente, introduziu no sistema jurídico brasileiro a modulação de efeitos no controle de constitucionalidade e se antes mesmo da introdução do aludido dispositivo normativo poderia o Supremo Tribunal Federal restringir os efeitos de uma eventual decisão em controle constitucionalidade
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Pauthe, Nicolas. "L'interprétation conforme des lois à la Constitution : étude franco-espagnole." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0584.
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Cette étude comparative entre la France et l’Espagne oppose deux systèmesconstitutionnels, s’organisant de deux manières différentes. En France, l’interprétationconstitutionnelle s’élabore selon une collaboration absolue des interprètes. La juridictionconstitutionnelle n’a pas les moyens d’agir directement sur l’interprétation élaborée par lesjuges ordinaires. En Espagne, la collaboration est en revanche relative, puisque la juridictionconstitutionnelle peut être saisie directement par les justiciables. La comparaison permet deprocéder à une modélisation du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois autour du critère del’interprétation conforme des lois à la Constitution. Cette modélisation part des influencesétrangères qui s’exercent sur l’organisation des systèmes constitutionnels comparés. Elle sepoursuit par l’adaptation de ces systèmes au phénomène d’européanisation du droit. Elles’achève par la recherche d’une optimisation de la collaboration entre interprètesThis comparative study between France and Spain bring into conflict twoconstitutional systems, with two distinct organization. In France, the constitutionalinterpretation is built by an absolute collaboration of the interpreters. The constitutionaljurisdiction don’t have the resources for acting directly on the ordinary judges’sinterpretation. However, the collaboration is relative in Spain, for the reason that theconstitutional court can be directly seised by the litigant. The comparison allows to proceedfor a modelization of the constitutionality review of laws around the interpretation inconformity with the Constitution’s criterion. This modelization start from the foreigninfluences on the organization of the comparative constitutional systems. It continues by theadaptation of these systems to the europeanisation of law. It ends with the search of anoptimisation of the collaboration of the interpreters
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Baillargeon, Johan. "La question prioritaire de constitutionnalité et le juge administratif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1043.
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La question prioritaire de constitutionnalité constitue une véritable « révolution » en droit interne, tant au regard des institutions de l’ordre juridique français qu’au niveau de la protection constitutionnelle des droits fondamentaux des citoyens. Ce mécanisme novateur, permettant désormais au Conseil constitutionnel d’opérer un contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori, ne peut toutefois fonctionner sans le concours des juridictions ordinaires qui s’érigent désormais en juges du filtre de la constitutionnalité. Or, en prenant le parti d’organiser une telle procédure, le constituant et le législateur organique ont invité officiellement le juge administratif à participer au contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois. Au-delà de ce premier constat, que la thèse s’attache à étayer in concreto, l’entrée en vigueur de cette nouvelle voie de droit a entrainé une modernisation du droit tant au niveau juridictionnel qu’institutionnel. Celle-ci s’analyse comme la conséquence immédiate du processus de constitutionnalisation des diverses branches du droit qu’accroit de manière exponentielle l’utilisation quotidienne de la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. Le droit du contentieux administratif, qui voit certaines de ses règles renouvelées sous l’effet de la nouvelle jurisprudence constitutionnelle affectant concomitamment l’office du juge administratif et plus globalement l’exercice de la justice administrative, montre que le juge administratif n’est pas seulement acteur de ce mécanisme mais aussi son sujetThe priority preliminary ruling on the issue of constitutionality is a real "revolution" in domestic law, both in terms of the institutions of the French legal system and at the level of constitutional protection of fundamental rights of citizens. This innovative mechanism, now allowing the Constitutional Council to reviewa posteriori the constitutionality of laws, however, can not function without the help of the ordinary courtswhich are now elevated as judges of the constitutional filter. Taking the party to organize such a procedure, the constituents and the legislator officially invited the administrative courts to participate in the review of the constitutionality of laws. Beyond this observation, which the thesis illustrates concretely, the entry in force of this new remedy has led to a modernization of the law both at the institutional and the jurisdictional levels.This is the immediate consequence of the process of constitutionalisation of the various branches of the law which the daily use of the priority question of constitutionality exponentially increases. The contentious rules before administrative courts, which are renewed under the influence of the new constitutional case law affecting simultaneously the powers of the administrative courts and more generally the exercise of administrative justice, shows the administrative courts are not only the participants of the process but also its subject matter
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Mohamed, Ayman Fathy Mohamed. "Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois en France et en Egypte." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0048/document.
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Dans un contexte politique, économique et culturel différent, la justice constitutionnelle se développe en Égypte et en France. D’un point de vue purement juridique, le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois s’exerce dans les deux pays selon une procédure différente. Le développement du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois dans les deux pays avait, toutefois, pour effet de reproduire progressivement des rapprochements quant au contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois. L’Égypte établit en 2005 un mécanisme a priori sur la constitutionnalité des certaines catégories des lois électorales. De son côté, la France finit en 2008 par inaugurer un mécanisme du contrôle a posteriori (la QPC). Cette thèse propose de montrer que la justice constitutionnelle dans les deux pays s’appuie sur les mêmes fondements, tant sur un plan matériel que formel. Le contrôle exercé par la Cour constitutionnelle dans chacun des deux pays peut être considéré comme une application du modèle européen de justice constitutionnelle adaptée aux différentes données politiques, juridiques, économiques et culturelles de chacun de deux paysIn the political, economic, and cultural status quo, constitutional justice has been developed in both Egypt and France. From the legal perspective, it has been realized that various difference between both countries within the mechanism of the constitutional review of laws. Recently, the development of this legal issue in both countries leads to some of similarities between the mechanism in both Egypt and France, especially on the procedural level. Egypt adopted the same French scheme in 2005 with respect to some of the election laws. Further, France adopted the same constitutional review as Egypt via subordinate claim in 2008. But that does not mean that the constitutional review in both countries include only the procedural levels but also the main principle of the legal constitutional reviews in Egypt and France
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Penariol, Rachel Lima. "A ação rescisória por ofensa a literal dispositivo constitucional, em matéria tributária." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8267.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-30This dissertation aims to analyze the rescissory action, in which there is an exception to the rule of the effect of res judicata, limiting the scope of the study to the hypothesis mentioned in the subparagraph V, article 485, of the Civil Process Code, i.e., for violation of a literal law device, as this seems for us to be the most interesting circumstance from a taxation point of view. Furthermore, situations presenting diverging jurisprudence were studied and, due to these being a constitutional matter, there is a definitive position of the Supreme Court. This analysis starts with the historical evolution of the concept of Law, of the idea of time as a convention, as well as of the definition of rule, which are considered in the final discussion of this work. The second point made in this study is the rescissory action itself as one of the mechanisms for execution of the principle of juridical assurance, the conditions of the action in general, and the specific analysis of the rescissory. The concepts of res judicata essential as a condition to the proposition of the rescissory action as well as the types of control of constitutionality adopted by Brazilian positive law are studied. In conclusion, there are references to some examples regarding practical consequences of a decision arbitrated in rescissory action
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o cabimento da ação rescisória, em que há exceção à regra dos efeitos do trânsito em julgado, delimitado o âmbito de estudo à hipótese prevista no inciso V, do artigo 485, do Código de Processo Civil, isto é, por violação a literal dispositivo de lei, já que essa nos parece a circunstância mais interessante do ponto de vista tributário. Ademais, foram estudas as situações em que a jurisprudência apresenta divergência e, por se tratar de matéria constitucional, há posicionamento posterior e definitivo do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Esta análise tem início com a evolução histórica do conceito de Direito, da idéia de tempo como convenção, bem como da definição de norma, que são levados em consideração para as conclusões finais. O segundo ponto abordado no presente trabalho é a ação rescisória propriamente dita como um dos mecanismos de cumprimento do princípio da segurança jurídica, as condições da ação em geral e a análise especificada para a rescisória. Também são estudados os conceitos de coisa julgada essencial como condição para a propositura da ação rescisória -, bem como os tipos de controle de constitucionalidade adotados pelo direito positivo brasileiro. Por fim, são citados alguns exemplos que tratam das conseqüências práticas de uma decisão prolatada em sede de rescisória
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Cardillo, Chloé. "Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois pénales a posteriori : essai comparé sur la protection des droits des justiciables en France et au Canada." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0036.
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Au-delà des différences tenant aux spécificités respectives du contrôle de constitutionnalité a posteriori des lois en France et au Canada, l’un étant un contrôle institutionnel, l’autre juridictionnel, la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité jette un véritable « pont juridique » entre le système français et canadien. Des rapprochements majeurs apparaissent quant au mode de protection des droits des justiciables pénaux. En effet, au-delà, de la divergence de conception des deux contrôles de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori, l’un étant un contrôle concret a posteriori, l’autre abstrait a posteriori et, mises à part les différentes histoires conduisant à l’avènement du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori dans les deux pays respectifs, l’émergence d’un fond commun apparaît. En ce sens, il peut être dégagé aussi bien un rapprochement des droits pénaux procéduraux français et canadiens tenant au mécanisme même du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori, qu’une convergence des droits pénaux substantiels français et canadien résultant des effets du mécanisme sur la protection des droits des justiciables franco-canadiens au sein du procès pénal. Ces ressemblances témoignent de la perméabilité du système français à l’égard de son homologue canadien. En définitive, le droit comparé ouvre ici la voie à des pistes de réflexions pour l’amélioration de la jeune question prioritaire de constitutionnalité dans une optique de renforcement de la protection des droits des justiciables français au sein du procès pénalBeyond the differences in the specificity of the ex post constitutionality review laws in France and in Canada, one being an institutional control, the other a jurisdictional one, the priority issue of constitutionality (QPC) established a "legal bridge" between the French and Canadian systems. Moreover, major similarities appear of the way in which the rights of criminal offenders are protected. Indeed, beyond the divergence of conceptions of the two ex post constitutionality reviews of laws, one being a concrete ex post control, the other an abstract one and, apart from the various histories leading to the advent of the constitutional review of the laws a posteriori in the two respective countries, the emergence of a common background appears. In this sense, a comparison of French and Canadian procedural penalties relating to the mechanism of the ex post constitutionality review of laws can be found, as well as a convergence of substantial French and Canadian criminal rights resulting from the effects of the mechanism on the protection of the rights of Franco-Canadian litigants in the criminal trial. These resemblances demonstrate the permeability of the French system and the influence applied by the Canadian system. Finally, comparative law paves the way to suggestions for the improvement of the new problematic of the priority issue of constitutionality in order to strengthen the protection of the French litigants rights in criminal proceedings
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Siphuma, Nzumbululo Silas. "The lessor’s tacit hypothec : a constitutional analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85835.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lessor's tacit hypothec improves the chances of the lessor to recover rent in arrears. This real security right arises by operation of law and attaches to the lessee's movable property found on the leased premises when rent is due but not paid. The extension of the lessor‟s tacit hypothec to third parties' property is the remedy's most controversial feature. The extension is supposedly based on one of two theoretical justifications, namely implied consent and the doctrine of estoppel. According to the implied-consent theory, the extension is based on the premise that the third party consented (explicitly or by implication) that his property can serve as security for the payment of the lessee's arrear rent. The basis of the second theory, the doctrine of estoppel, operates as a limitation on the rei vindicatio of the third party. Over the years discourse has shown that there are uncertainties surrounding these justifications. Recent debate has also shown that if constitutionally challenged, the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec could amount to arbitrary deprivation of third parties' property. The aim of this thesis is to establish whether and how the existing common law principles that provide for the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec over property belonging to third parties are affected by section 25(1) of the Constitution. Consequently, the thesis describes, analyses and scrutinises the general principles regulating the lessor's tacit hypothec, and more specifically the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec to third parties' property, in view of section 25(1) of the Constitution. Taking into considering the recent statutory protection of third parties' property, the thesis concludes that the extension of the lessor's tacit hypothec does not constitute an arbitrary deprivation of third parties' property because correct application of the common law principles that provide for the extension and the statutory protection that has been introduced to exclude a large number of cases from the reach of the extension adequately protect third parties' property interests. Therefore, the requirements of section 25(1) are satisfied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhuurder se stilswyende hipoteek verbeter sy kanse om agterstallige huur van sy huurder in te vorder. Wanneer die huur opeisbaar word, maar die huurder versuim om tydig te betaal, kom hierdie saaklike sekerheidsreg deur regswerking tot stand en dit dek alle roerende sake wat op die verhuurde perseel gevind word. Die uitbreiding van die stilwyende hipoteek na eiendom wat aan derde partye behoort is die remedie se mees kontroversiële eienskap. Hierdie uitbreiding van die hipoteek se toepassingsveld berus na bewering op een van twee regverdigingsgronde, naamlik die derde se geïmpliseerde toestemming en die leerstuk van estoppel. Volgens die geïmpliseerde toestemming-teorie kan die hipoteek na derdes se bates uitgebrei word op die veronderstelling dat sodanige derde partye toegestem het (uitdruklik of by implikasie) dat hulle eiendom as sekuriteit vir betaling van die huurder se agterstallige huur mag dien. Die tweede teorie steun op die beperking wat die leerstuk van estoppel op die rei vindicatio van die derde party plaas. Oor die jare het debatte aangedui dat daar onsekerhede rondom hierdie regverdigingsgronde bestaan. Onlangse debatte het ook aangetoon dat, indien dit grondwetlik getoets word, die uitbreiding van die hipoteek moontlik mag neerkom op ‟n arbitrêre ontneming van die derdes se eiendom. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of en hoe die bestaande gemeenregtelike beginsels wat die stilswyende hipoteek na bates van derdes uitbrei deur artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet beïnvloed word. Die tesis bespreek, analiseer en toets gevolglik die algemene beginsels van die verhuurder se stilswyende hipoteek, en meer spesifiek die uitbreiding van die hipoteek na bates wat aan derdes behoort, in die lig van artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet. Met inagneming van die beskerming wat derde party se eiendom in terme van onlangse wetgewing geniet, bevind die tesis dat die uitgebreide toepassing van die stilswyende hipoteek nie op ʼn arbitrêre ontneming van derde partye se eiendom neerkom nie omdat korrekte toepassing van die gemeenregtelike beginsels wat vir die uitbreiding voorsiening maak, in kombinasie met die wetgewende uitsluiting van ‟n groot aantal sake wat aan derdes behoort, voldoende beskerming aan die belange van derdes verleen. Die vereistes van artikel 25(1) word dus bevredig.
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Hemsley, Michael Norman. "The constitutionality of section 32 of the Labour Relations Act." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11070.
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Collective bargaining is the process whereby employees act as a collective unit whilst negotiating terms and conditions of employment with employers. The collective unit typically takes the form of a trade union, mandated by its members to negotiate on their behalf. By negotiating collectively the inherent imbalance of power between employer and individual employee is seen to be neutralised. The process of collective bargaining enjoys legal status in South Africa and around the world. The Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 institutionalised collective bargaining for the first time in the form of the Industrial-Council system. This sectoral bargaining system stood firm throughout the pre-democracy period but initially excluded non-white employees. Industrial unrest in the 1970s was the catalyst for the Wiehan commission which ultimately brought all employees into the fold. By the dawn of democracy in South Africa the bargaining system enjoyed wide-spread support and legitimacy. This was particularly so amongst the COSATU-led labour movement which enjoyed a position of political strength. This support and strength were reflected in the contents of both the Labour Relations Act and the Constitution which enshrined the constitutional right to engage in collective bargaining. Possibly the most debated aspect of the Council system has been the question of extending agreements to non-parties. Those in favour argue that the Council system cannot function in the absence of extensions. This is so because what would then effectively be a voluntary system would not attract sufficient volunteers. Those against argue that extensions act as a barrier to economic activity, particularly for small and new businesses. Legislation has, since 1924, facilitated the extension of agreements as long as certain criteria are met. Section 32 of the Labour Relations Act is the current extension vehicle. The extension criteria have vacillated over time and especially so in recent history with section 32 being subject to change in every post-democracy amendment to the Act. Possibly the most serious challenge to the extension status quo has come in the form of a constitutional challenge by the Free-Market Foundation. The Foundation advances old economic arguments but links these to an alleged impingement of constitutional rights. The challenge comes at a time when the country is experiencing the most significant socio-political turbulence since democracy. This includes the most enduring strike in our history, a landmark-employer lock-out and a parliamentary facelift. The Metal and Engineering Industries Bargaining Council oversees the biggest manufacturing sector in the South African economy. This status prompted the Council to submit its own responding papers in the Free-Market case. Particularly fascinating is that an employer party to the Council not only supports the Foundation case but has also lodged its own proceedings against the extension of the 2014 Engineering agreement. Both these cases are still pending and the outcomes have the potential to transform the political and economic landscape of our country.
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Pogliesse, Marcelo Weick. "Fiscaliza??o difusa da constitucionalidade e o incidente de arg?i??o de inconstitucionalidade." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13961.
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Previous issue date: 2006-08-25The present work consists of studying to diffuse control of constitutionality in Brazil, with emphasis in a procedural alternative to the evolution of that model: the incident to challenge of unconstitutionality. Starting from the discussion about the new role of constitutional jurisdiction in peripheral countries and in the globalized society, without forgetting to face inevitable doubts about its legitimacy before other powers of the State, the Brazilian control of constitutionality is revealed, under a diffuse, non-dichotomical view, through a number of inconsistencies and misunderstandings, that compromise social peace, the credibility of democratic institutions and the supremacy of juridical security. In order to achieve the goal, the study in course discussed the main difficulties of the Brazilian mixed model of constitutionality control, as well as, directing its view to the incident of challenge of unconstitutionality, which the most adequate forms to assure its appropriateness, legitimacy, processing and decisory effects are. Is was essential, in this point of view, to establish the difference between the incident of challenge of unconstitutionality conceived in article of the Brazilian Federal Constitution and the incident of challenge of unconstitutionality such as it is known in the European models. The insertion of the incident of challenge of unconstitutionality based on European models in the Brazilian control system, without jeopardizing the North-American essence the Brazilian constitutional history presents since 1981, is the hypothesis that is presented as an improvement of constitutional protection
O presente trabalho consiste-se no estudo da fiscaliza??o difusa da constitucionalidade, com enfoque em uma alternativa procedimental para a evolu??o desse m?todo de aferi??o da compatibilidade das leis e dos atos normativos frente ? Constitui??o: o incidente de arg?i??o de inconstitucionalidade. A partir da discuss?o sobre o novo papel da Jurisdi??o Constitucional nos pa?ses perif?ricos e na sociedade globalizada, sem olvidar do enfrentamento inevit?vel das d?vidas sobre sua legitimidade frente aos demais poderes do Estado, o controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro ? revelado, sob uma ?tica difusa n?o dicot?mica, por interm?dio de um conjunto de incongru?ncias e incompreens?es que comprometem a tranq?ilidade social, a credibilidade das institui??es democr?ticas e o primado da seguran?a jur?dica. Para alcan?ar tal desiderato, o estudo em quest?o discutiu as principais dificuldades do modelo misto de fiscaliza??o da constitucionalidade brasileiro, bem como, atrav?s do seu olhar j? voltado para o incidente de inconstitucionalidade, quais as formas mais adequadas para o seu cabimento, legitimidade, processamento e efeitos decis?rios. Fez-se essencial, nesse prisma, diferenciar o incidente de arg?i??o de inconstitucionalidade concebido pelo art. 97, da Constitui??o Federal brasileira, do incidente de inconstitucionalidade tal qual se conhece do modelo europeu. A inser??o do incidente de inconstitucionalidade aos moldes europeus no sistema de fiscaliza??o brasileiro, sem prejudicar a ess?ncia norte-americana que a hist?ria constitucional do Brasil apresenta desde os idos de 1891, ? a hip?tese apresentada como aprimoramento da Cust?dia da Constitui??o
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Júnior, José Adrice Paz de Amorim. "A objetivação do controle de constitucionalidade difuso e a dinâmica constitucional : a permanência da atuação do senado federal com controle de constitucionalidade." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=885.
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As mudanças ocorridas na sociedade refletem no modo de percepção do Direito Constitucional e na forma de prestação jurisdicional. Algumas dessas modificações requerem alterações formais do texto constitucional; outras, modificam a norma sem modificação do texto. Isto ocorre por meio do processo de mutação constitucional. O controle de constitucionalidade não escapa aos efeitos da mutação, permitindo, no caso do Brasil, o surgimento de um complexo sistema de controle, adicionando às clássicas formas novas possibilidades, permitindo, ainda, a participação de entidades variadas na interpretação constitucional. Contudo, estas novas alterações não foram capazes de se sobrepor ao relevante papel do Senado Federal no controle de constitucionalidade, e isto se deve ao reconhecimento de valores democráticos presentes no Estado brasileiro.The changes in society reflect the mode of perception of Constitutional Law and the form of adjudication. Some of these changes require formal amendments of the Constitution, others modify the standard without modifying the text. This occurs through the process of constitutional mutation. The control of constitutionality does not escape the effects of the mutation, allowing, in the case of Brazil, the emergence of a complex control system, adding to the classic forms new possibilities, allowing also the participation of various entities in constitutional interpretation. However, these new changes were not able to overcome the significant role of the Senate in control of constitutionality, and this is due to the recognition of democratic values present in the Brazilian state.
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Pontes, Juliana de Brito Giovanetti. "Autocontenção no judiciário brasileiro : fatores que possibilitam a ocorrência do fenômeno em sede de arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=982.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorUniversidade Católica de Pernambuco
O controle de constitucionalidade visa manter a unidade da ordem jurídica e as estruturas que constituem o Estado. Quando o equilíbrio do sistema jurídico sofre alterações, é através do uso do controle constitucional que são originados meios de correção para esse desequilíbrio ao compatibilizar-se a lei ou o ato normativo infraconstitucional e a Constituição. A partir da Carta Constitucional de 1988, a arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental caracterizou um avanço no controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro. Instituto único no mundo, é capaz de impedir atos de ameaça ou violação a preceito fundamental, decorrentes do Poder Público. Constitui meio de controle de constitucionalidade concentrado, sendo de competência originária e exclusiva do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Por estarem inseridas no contexto da judicialização da política e do ativismo judicial, presentes no julgamento das ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade, quando comparadas às demais formas de controle constitucional concentrado, é possível verificar um reduzido quantitativo das arguições efetivamente julgadas, podendo resultar em prejuízos à concretização dos preceitos fundamentais. Observa-se que, em decorrência do baixo índice de processos decisórios nas ADPFs, as mesmas nem sempre têm sido reconhecidas como meio apto para solucionar descumprimentos aos mandamentos constitucionais, o que provoca o esvaziamento de sua importância no controle de constitucionalidade concentrado. Devido à referida situação, no presente trabalho procura-se analisar a existência de autocontenção judicial e quais fatores têm contribuído para a prática desse fenômeno pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em sede de arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental. Para tanto, através da análise quantitativa e qualitativa, buscou-se compreender a seletividade negativa e positiva no julgamento das arguições de descumprimento realizada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, a partir da análise das ações que não sofreram julgamento do mérito e daquelas que tiveram o mérito analisado. Também foi analisado o comportamento dos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal com relação ao requisito da subsidiariedade e o respeito à Lei 9.882/99, que regulamenta as arguições de descumprimento. A pesquisa compreendeu revisão de literatura das referências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais relativas aos principais conceitos e teorias que integram esta dissertação, constituindo também uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, seguida do acompanhamento processual da totalidade das ADPFs, através do sítio eletrônico do Supremo Tribunal Federal, incluindo as arguições propostas no período de dezembro de 1999 a julho de 2013, por meio da elaboração de planilha para o acompanhamento de varáveis relacionadas às arguições de descumprimento e investigação das hipóteses da pesquisa.
The constitutionality control aims to maintain the unity of the legal system and the structures that constitute the state. When the balance of the legal system is altered, is through the use of constitutional control that are sourced means of correcting for this imbalance to harmonize the infraconstitucional law or normative act and the Constitution. From the 1988 Constitution, the arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental marked an advance in the Brazilian control of constitutionality. Institute unique in the world, is able to prevent acts of threat or breach of fundamental precept deriving from the Government. Is a means of concentrated constitutionality control, being exclusive and original jurisdiction of the Brazilian Supreme Court. By being inserted in the context of the judicialization of politics and judicial activism, in the judgment of the ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade, as compared to other forms of concentrated constitutionality control, is possible to check a small quantitative of pleas effectively judged and may result in losses to the achievement of the fundamental precepts. It is observed that as a result of the low level of decision-making processes in ADPFs, they have not always been recognized as a suitable means to resolve breaches the constitutional commandments, which causes the emptying of its importance in the concentrated constitutionality control. Due to this situation, this work seeks to analyze the existence of judicial self-restraint and what the factors have contributed to the practice of this phenomenon by the Brazilian Supreme Court in place of invoking a arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental. Therefore, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we sought to understand the positive and negative selectivity in the judgment of pleas of breach made by the Supreme Court based on the analysis of the actions that have not been judged on the merits and the merits of those who had examined. It also was analyzed the behavior of Justices of the Supreme Court with regard to the requirement of subsidiarity and respect the Law 9.882/99, which regulates the ADPFs. The research included a literature review of doctrinal and jurisprudential references concerning the main concepts and theories that integrate this dissertation, also constituting a search for exploratory and descriptive, then monitoring the procedure of all ADPFs through electronic website of the Brazilian Supreme Court, proposals including the pleas in the period from December 1999 to July 2013, through the development of worksheet to the accompaniment of variables related of the complaints of breach and investigation of research hypotheses.
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Delport, Gerhardus Jordaan. "The constitutionality of Section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15479.
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The Department of Education, as part of the public sector, employs educators in terms of the Employment of Educators Act (EEA),1 whereas the rest of the public servants are employed in terms of the Public Service Act (PSA). If an educator is absent for more than 14 consecutive days without the permission of the employer, the educator is deemed to be discharged according to section 14(1)(a). With regard to the rest of the public sector, a similar provision is put in place, where section 17(5)(a) provides for the discharge of a public officer who is absent from his / her duties without the permission of the Head of Department for a calendar month (31 days). Sometimes long absent periods are caused by personal circumstances of the employee which are unforeseen. If the employee reports for duty after the dismissal, section 14(2) of the EEA provides that, the employee may be reinstated by the employer on good cause shown, after a post-dismissal hearing. If an employee in the public sector is discharged based on these deeming provisions, the employment is terminated by the operation of the law and there is no dismissal. This means that the employer is not responsible for the termination, meaning than there exists no option to review the dismissal. The supreme law of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) is the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (the Constitution).5 The question at hand is whether the deeming provision of section 14 of the EEA6 is constitutional. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) goes further by stipulating that every person has the right not to be unfairly dismissed, and not to be subjected to unfair labour practice.7 Section 23 of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to fair labour practices. Furthermore, section 33 of the Constitution provides for fair administrative action. The question is whether these provisions, dealing with the dismissal of educators, limit the employee’s constitutional right to a fair labour practice.
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Nóbrega, Sávio Salomão de Almeida. "Arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental no Direito Tributário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21772.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
It is stated that the limitations on the power to tax contained in article 150 of the Federal Constitution are, in fact, fundamental rights of taxpayers, because they play a dual function in the subjective plane continue to act as a guarantee of individual freedom; and on the objective plane have assumed an institutional dimension from which their content must be functionalized for the attainment of the purposes and values proclaimed constitutionally. It is also pointed out that they also derive from the fundamental rights of freedom and property contained in Article 5 of the Constitution, giving them normative density or specific meaning in the field of taxes. This association is possible due to the opening clause inscribed in paragraph 2 of article 5 of the Constitution. It is shown that if legality, isonomy, nonretroactivity, priority, the prohibition of tribute with confiscatory effect and immunities are fundamental rights, they will also constitute fundamental precepts. It is maintained that noncompliance with these guarantees of the taxpayers by act of the Public Authority makes it possible to join the Supreme Court by means of the Arrangement of Non-compliance with Basic Precept, covered by Article 102, paragraph 1 of the Federal Constitution and regulated by Law n . 9,882 / 99. In the end, it is demonstrated that by means of the non-compliance argument, any act or omission of the Public Power, whether normative or non-normative, abstract or concrete, prior or subsequent to the Federal, State or Municipal Constitution, and from any body or entity of the Legislative, Executive and Judiciary
Afirma-se que as limitações ao poder de tributar constantes do artigo 150 da Constituição Federal constituem, na verdade, direitos fundamentais dos contribuintes, porque desempenham uma dupla função no plano subjetivo continuam a atuar como garantia da liberdade individual; e no plano objetivo assumiram uma dimensão institucional a partir da qual seu conteúdo deve funcionalizar-se para a consecução dos propósitos e valores proclamados constitucionalmente. Aponta-se que também decorrem dos direitos fundamentais da liberdade e propriedade constantes do artigo 5º da Constituição, conferindo-lhes densidade normativa ou significado específico no campo dos tributos. Essa associação mostra-se possível por força da cláusula de abertura insculpida no § 2º do artigo 5º da Constituição. Demonstra-se que se a legalidade, a isonomia, a irretroatividade, anterioridade, a vedação ao tributo com efeito confiscatório e as imunidades configuram-se direitos fundamentais, configurarão, também, preceitos fundamentais. Sustenta-se que o descumprimento dessas garantias dos contribuintes por ato do Poder Público faz surgir a possibilidade de ingresso ao Supremo Tribunal Federal por via da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental, encampada no artigo 102, § 1º da Constituição Federal e regulamentada pela Lei n. 9.882/99. Ao final, demonstra-se que por meio da arguição de descumprimento controla-se qualquer ato ou omissão do Poder Público, seja normativo ou não normativo, abstrato ou concreto, anterior ou posterior à Constituição, federal, estadual ou municipal, e proveniente de qualquer órgão ou entidade do Legislativo, Executivo e do Judiciário
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Dumarkas, Jovydas. "Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo leidžiamų teisės aktų vidinė konstitucingumo kontrolė (lyginamasis aspektas)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120124_132642-63704.
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Vidinė konstitucinė kontrolė yra apibrėžiama kaip teisės aktų projektų atitikties Konstitucijai ir kitiems aukštesnės juridinės galios teisės aktams patikra, a priori atliekama paties subjekto, kuris priima tą teisės aktą, ar jo struktūrinių padalinių. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad šios kontrolės metu yra tikrinamas būtent teisės aktų projektų konstitucingumas, vidinė konstitucinė kontrolė visais atvejais gali būti laikoma ir prevencine (išankstine) konstitucine kontrole.
Lietuvoje Seimo leidžiamų teisės aktų vidinės konstitucingumo kontrolės konstituciniai pagrindai išplaukia iš implicitinio reguliavimo – Konstitucinio Teismo oficialiosios konstitucinės doktrinos. Ordinariniame lygmenyje šie teisiniai santykiai detalizuoti Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo statute, nustatančiame Seimo struktūrą ir darbo tvarkos klausimus.
Seimo statutas įtvirtina kelis skirtingus vidinės konstitucinės kontrolės įgyvendinimo mechanizmus. Vienu iš jų pagal nustatytas procedūras yra tikrinamas konkrečių teisės aktų projektų konstitucingumas, remiantis pastarųjų turiniu, reguliavimo apimtimi ir forma, kitu – kontroliuojamas Konstitucijoje nustatytos teisės aktų priėmimo tvarkos laikymasis. Tačiau nepaisant procedūrinių skirtumų, tokiu reguliavimu (kaip ir išorinės konstitucinės kontrolės atveju) yra siekiama užtikrinti, kad galiotų tik tie teisės aktai, kurie nepažeidžia Konstitucijos ar kitų aukštesnės juridinės galios teisės aktų nuostatų.
Nors siekiamas tikslas yra nekvestionuojamai svarbus, vis dėlto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]-.
Innere Verfassungsmässigkeitskontrolle wird als Überprüfung der Entwürfe der Rechtsakte auf ihre Konformität mit der Verfassung und anderen Rechtsakten mit höherer Rechtskraft definiert, die a priori durch den Subjekt selbst, der diesen Rechtsakt verabschiedet, bzw. durch seine Struktureinheiten ausgeführt wird. Unter Berücksichtigung darauf, dass es während dieser Kontrolle die Verfassungsmässigkeit gerade der Entwürfe der Rechtsakte überprüft wird, kann innere Verfassungsmässigkeitskontrolle in allen Fällen auch als präventive (vorgefasste) Verfassungskontrolle erachtet werden. In Litauen gehen die Verfassungsgrundlagen innerer Verfassungsmässigkeitskontrolle der vom Seimas zu erlassenden Rechtsakte aus impliziter Regelung – amtlicher Verfassungsdoktrin des Verfassungsgerichts hervor. Auf ordentlicher Ebene sind diese Rechtsbeziehungen in der Geschäftsordnung des Seimas der Republik Litauen detailliert, die die Fragen der Struktur und der Arbeitsordnung des Seimas festlegt. Die Geschäftsordnung des Seimas verankert einige unterschiedliche Mechanismen zur Durchführung innerer Verfassungskontrolle. Mit einem von ihnen wird laut festgelegtem Verfahren die Verfassungsmässigkeit von konkreten Rechtsakten auf deren Inhalt, Regelungsumfang und Form geprüft, mit einem anderen - die Einhaltung der in der Verfassung festgelegten Ordnung zur Verabschiedung der Rechtsakte kontrolliert. Trotz Verfahrensunterschiede strebt man aber durch diese Regelung (genauso wie im Fall äusserer... [der volle Text, siehe weiter]
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Coclite, Giuseppe Maria. "Control Problems for Systems of Conservation Laws." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4262.
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Marson, Andrea. "Approximation, Stability and Control for Conservation Laws." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4379.
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Muftah, Abdusalam. "La protection des droits de l'homme en libye : garanties législatives et juridictionnelles (1969-2011)." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0082.
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En septembre 1969, un coup d’État mené par Kadhafi et ses compagnons donnera lieu à un modèle de gouvernement fondé sur la notion de la Jamahiriya qui trouve ses références théoriques dans le contenu du Livre Vert de Kadhafi. L’avènement de la Jamahiriya, qualifié de « Révolution », prétend mettre en œuvre l’exercice du pouvoir directement par le peuple (jamahir), à travers des congrès et des comités populaires. De fait, la première question qui se pose à nous est de cerner le type d’État en vigueur en Libye. Soulever ce point, c’est aussi s’interroger sur la place occupée par les droits de l’homme dans l’architecture institutionnelle libyenne. Et sous cet angle, l’idée qui s’impose est que l’organisation les droits et libertés relèvent de documents successifs : Déclaration de 1969 ; Charte verte des droits de 1988, loi de consolidation des libertés de 1991. Aussitôt surgit la question de la valeur juridique de ces textes dans la hiérarchie des normes, étant entendu qu’il n’existe pas en Libye une constitution proprement dite. C’est là une problématique essentielle, puisque de cette qualification dépend le degré de garantie des droits et libertés. On mesure alors l’importance d’une étude des principaux traits de la législation libyenne. Reste à ajouter que la reconnaissance des droits théoriquement affirmés, est tributaire de l’ordre « révolutionnaire » qui impose l’obligation de respecter et de protéger la Jamahiriya. Aborder ce point, c’est montrer les entraves que peut constituer le régime politique quant à la protection des Droits ; c’est également s’interroger sur le rôle du juge en tant que gardien des libertés. L’analyse de cet aspect implique une approche de l’étendue et des limites du contrôle des actes de l’État, qu’il soit un contrôle administratif ou un contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois, sachant que la combinaison de ces deux techniques sert en principe à offrir aux citoyens une garantie et l’assurance d’exercer pleinement leurs droits et libertés. Or, là encore, les moyens juridictionnels conçus pour assurer la protection des droits fondamentaux risquent de se heurter à la nature du régime qui met en avant la protection de la « révolution » au dépend de toute autre liberté. C’est autrement soutenir que le système institutionnel dans son entier constitue une restriction à la protection des Droits. Évoquer cette réalité, c’est éclairer les entraves relevant de la pratique même du pouvoir. En définitive, la nature du régime et l’idéologie de la Jamahiriya conditionnent la forme d’expression des droits fondamentaux. C’est là tout l’enjeu du rapport entre pouvoir et libertés publiques que nous proposons d’étudier dans le cadre de ce travailIn September 1969, a coup led by Gaddafi and his companions will result in a model of government based on the concept of the Republic which finds it’s theoretical references in the content of the Green Book of Gaddafi. The advent of the Republic, also called "Revolution", claimed to implement the exercise of power by the people (Jamahir) through congresses and people's committees. In fact, the first question that faces us is to identify the type of state force in Libya. Raising this point is also questioning the place of human rights in Libya's institutional architecture. And in this light, the idea must be that the organizations of human rights and freedoms are relieving from successive documents: Declaration of 1969; Green Charter of Human Rights of 1988, Freedoms Consolidation Act 1991. Soon after arose the question of the legal status of these texts in the hierarchy of norms, provided there is no constitution in Libya itself. This is a key issue, since from this qualification depend the degree of guarantee of rights and freedoms. The importance of a study of the main features of Libyan legislation is measured. It remains to add that the recognition of the rights affirmed in theory, depends on the order "revolutionary" which imposes the obligation to respect and protect the Republic. Address this point is to show the obstacles that may be the political regime on the protection of rights; it is also questioning the judge's role as a guardian of freedom. The analysis of this aspect involves an approach to the scope and limitations of the control of state action, whether administrative supervision or control of the constitutionality of laws, knowing that the combination of these two techniques are used in principle to provide citizens with a warranty and insurance to fully exercise their rights and freedoms. Yet again, the judicial remedies designed to ensure the protection of human rights are likely to face the kind of diet that emphasizes the protection of the "revolution" at the expense of all other freedoms. It is in another way to support that the institutional system as a whole constitutes a restriction on the Protection of the Rights. Discussing this reality is exposing the barriers within the same practice of power. Ultimately, the nature of the regime and the ideology of the Libyan determine the form of expression of fundamental rights. That's the whole point of the relationship between public power and freedoms that we propose to study in the context of this work
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Amorim, Júnior José Adrice Paz de. "A objetivação do controle de constitucionalidade difuso e a dinâmica constitucional : a permanência da atuação do senado federal com controle de constitucionalidade." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/513.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-04The changes in society reflect the mode of perception of Constitutional Law and the form of adjudication. Some of these changes require formal amendments of the Constitution, others modify the standard without modifying the text. This occurs through the process of constitutional mutation. The control of constitutionality does not escape the effects of the mutation, allowing, in the case of Brazil, the emergence of a complex control system, adding to the classic forms new possibilities, allowing also the participation of various entities in constitutional interpretation. However, these new changes were not able to overcome the significant role of the Senate in control of constitutionality, and this is due to the recognition of democratic values present in the Brazilian state.
As mudanças ocorridas na sociedade refletem no modo de percepção do Direito Constitucional e na forma de prestação jurisdicional. Algumas dessas modificações requerem alterações formais do texto constitucional; outras, modificam a norma sem modificação do texto. Isto ocorre por meio do processo de mutação constitucional. O controle de constitucionalidade não escapa aos efeitos da mutação, permitindo, no caso do Brasil, o surgimento de um complexo sistema de controle, adicionando às clássicas formas novas possibilidades, permitindo, ainda, a participação de entidades variadas na interpretação constitucional. Contudo, estas novas alterações não foram capazes de se sobrepor ao relevante papel do Senado Federal no controle de constitucionalidade, e isto se deve ao reconhecimento de valores democráticos presentes no Estado brasileiro.
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Bandeira, Luciana de Assunção Macieira. "Efeitos prospectivos da inconstutucionalidade : decisão político-partidária?" Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=946.
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O advento da Lei n 9.868/99 alterou significativamente o sistema de controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro, importante instrumento de defesa da manutenção do Estado
Democrático de Direito, com a quebra do dogma da nulidade dos atos inconstitucionais, e a autorização expressa da modulação dos efeitos das declarações de inconstitucionalidade. A pesquisa realizou análises qualitativa e quantitativa, mediante levantamento de dados correspondentes a 1.232 acórdãos de julgamento de mérito proferidos pelo plenário do Supremo Tribunal Federal, entre os anos de 1988 a 30 de junho de 2013, em sede de controle
abstrato de constitucionalidade. O objetivo foi identificar se há influência político partidária na modulação de efeitos da declaração de inconstitucionalidade, identificando os fatores
externos e internos que interferiram nos julgados estudados. A pesquisa avaliou as amostras disponibilizadas nas listagens de estatísticas de ações de controle abstrato de
constitucionalidade, existente no site do Supremo Tribunal, o que permitiu localizar cada ação julgada em seu mérito, e consultar voto a voto. A pesquisa descobriu que, entre 1988 a 2013, 18 (dezoito) casos tiveram indeferimento expresso do pedido de modulação, e 37 (trinta e sete) acórdãos acolheram a alteração da eficácia pro futuro, ex nunc ou em data prefixada, correspondendo a 4,5% dos processos julgados no mérito. O trabalho classificou os dados quanto ao prazo modulado, os beneficiários e o objeto das modulações. Dos 37 (trinta e sete) casos identificados com modulação, a pesquisa diagnosticou 13 (treze) com fortes indícios de influência político partidária. Os votos mostraram também outros fatores de interferência: influência interna pelos pares na Corte, questões sociais e econômicas (metódica estruturante
do direito), e até a busca ainda que eventual pela coerência decisória com outro precedente (teoria da integridade de Dworkin). Em todos os treze julgados, os pedidos de modulação foram formulados por chefe do Poder Executivo Estadual ou Federal. Em 7 (sete) casos houve retificação de votos para aderir à modulação consensualmente debatida. Em todos os casos, havia discussão de fatores econômico- financeiros que envolviam erário. O estudo comparou os valores encontrados com a doutrina constitucional estrangeira e a experiência jurisprudencial da Áustria, dos Estados Unidos e da Alemanha, que influenciaram direta ou indiretamente o sistema constitucional pátrio. Essa análise descreveu as semelhanças e as diferenças na composição e na funcionabilidade da Corte, bem como as espécies, extensão e
efeitos das decisões de inconstitucionalidade. Comprovou-se a hipótese problematizada na pesquisa, quanto à ocorrência de influência político-partidária, o que ocorre também nos
tribunais estrangeiros, cuja composição é determinada pelo Parlamento ou pelo Chefe do Executivo, mas sem que essa influência tivesse o caráter exclusivo na determinação da
modulação de efeitos da sentença de inconstitucionalidade. Conclui-se que, no Brasil, a escolha de 8 (oito) dos 11 (onze) ministros por um mesmo partido foi determinante para que a
Corte sofresse influência político-partidária ao longo dos anos. A possibilidade de modulação da inconstitucionalidade interfere diretamente nas políticas públicas implantadas pelos
governos estaduais e federal, o que agrava a pressão política sofrida pelos julgadores. Como a modulação utiliza conceitos indeterminados de segurança jurídica e relevante interesse social, ainda que se tenha constatado tantas influências externas ao sistema positivado, o anseio social exige o cumprimento dos limites mínimos previstos no próprio sistema para o preenchimento dessa "textura aberta da norma", para evitar arbitrariedades.
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Gosson, Grace Christhine de Oliveira. "Aplicação de súmula "vinculante" ao processo administrativo tributário federal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7721.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-26The purpose of the present work is offering a study about the application of the binding new abridgment to the federal tributary administrative process. In order to reach such desideratum, we have initially traced the adopted reference system and we have also delimited the research object, developing the fundamental premises, significantly, the notions about knowledge, language, law and juridical rule and system, all of them viewed by the light of the juridical constructivist and by the law analytical theory optics. Afterwards, we have done a confront of the binding effect of the juridical decisions within the law systems of the common law and the civil law, indicating their characteristics and the exertion of the theory of the judicial precedent. Here it has been emphasized the juridical structure of systems like the English and the North American ones, in order to give better explicitness to the application of the stare decisis theory. We have been to several juridical ordainments, showing how to proceed according to the jurisprudential standardization. This compared law study has revealed itself relevant to us to visualize how the entrance of the binding effect has been operated in the brazilian juridical system and, for consequence, face the multiple problems related to the aplication of the binding abridgment to the administrative process. These questions overcome, we have treated the binding effect within the Brazilian system and its relation to the constitutionality control of the normative acts and rules, explaining to which institutes the binding effect is conceded, being analyzed the binding abridgment ingress through the Constitutional Emendation n. 45/2004. In the sequence, we have fragmentized the binding abridgment according to its normative structure, the diverse definitions used related to the expression as well as the juridical medicine in case of disobeying. At the end of that exposition, we have examined the application of the binding abridgment to the federal tributary administrative process and the resulting consequences of this application in the diverse processual phases (introductive, instructive, decisive and appealing). Finally, it has been offered a summary of the conclusions of the study
A proposta da presente dissertação é oferecer um estudo sobre a aplicação da novel súmula vinculante ao processo administrativo tributário federal. Para alcançar tal desiderato, traçamos, inicialmente, o sistema de referência adotado e delimitamos o objeto da pesquisa, desenvolvendo as premissas fundamentais, notadamente as noções de conhecimento, de linguagem, de direito, de norma jurídica e de sistema jurídico, vistas sob a ótica do construtivismo jurídico e da teoria analítica do direito. Em seguida, fizemos um cotejo do efeito vinculante das decisões judiciais nos sistemas jurídicos da common law e do civil law, indicando as suas características e o emprego da teoria do precedente judicial. Aqui, se enfatizou a estrutura judicial de sistemas como o inglês e o norte-americano, para dar maior clareza à aplicação da teoria do stare decisis. Passeamos por vários ordenamentos jurídicos, apontando como se procede à uniformização jurisprudencial. Esse estudo de direito comparado mostrou-se relevante para visualizar como se operou a entrada do efeito vinculante no sistema jurídico pátrio, e, por conseqüência, enfrentar os múltiplos problemas relacionados à aplicação da súmula vinculante ao processo administrativo. Superadas essas questões, tratamos do efeito vinculante no sistema brasileiro e sua relação com o controle de constitucionalidade de leis e atos normativos, explicando a que institutos ele é empregado, tendo analisado o ingresso da súmula vinculante por intermédio da Emenda Constitucional 45/2004. Na seqüência, esmiuçamos a súmula vinculante quanto à sua estrutura normativa, às diversas acepções empregadas à expressão, bem como ao remédio jurídico em caso de descumprimento. Ao cabo dessa exposição, examinamos a aplicação da súmula vinculante ao processo administrativo tributário federal e as conseqüências resultantes dessa aplicação nas diversas fases processuais (introdutória, instrutória, decisória e recursal). Finalmente, se oferece uma suma das conclusões do estudo
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SOARES, CARLA FERREIRA. "NGO ACTIVITIES AND THE USE OF AMICUS CURIAE IN THE CONCENTRATED CONTROL OF CONSTITUTIONALITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36124@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO uso do recurso Amicus Curiae no controle concentrado de constitucionalidade por parte das Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) que atuam na defesa de direitos humanos é o tema central desta tese. O Amicus Curiae é importante figura de legitimação nos processos que visam ao controle concentrado de constitucionalidade, uma vez que permite a participação ativa da sociedade, por meio de entidades, órgãos, grupos e instituições que expõem os princípios e valores da maioria. Destaca-se que a atuação de entidades associativas do chamado Terceiro Setor favorece a legitimidade dos pareceres jurídicos sobre normas que regularão o interesse coletivo e que tal legitimação é usada como fonte de segurança jurídica em casos de ativismo judiciário. A partir de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa, foram analisados processos que aceitaram entidades classificadas pelo critério 9 da FASFIL/IBGE como desenvolvimento e defesa de direitos e que atuaram como Amicus Curiae em Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (ADINs) no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) entre 2000 e 2016. Aponta-se que a sociedade civil, crescentemente institucionalizada, indica a profissionalização das narrativas conflitivas e sua orientação na busca de sua hegemonia, fortemente ancorada na vontade geral, como o instituto do Amicus Curiae aponta potencialmente. Tal recurso, ainda que em trajetória de afirmação como instrumento de representação da vida associativa, é indicativo da vontade de ocupar (bem como é convidado a participar da comunidade de intérpretes para assegurar a legitimidade de decisões judiciais ativistas) a arena representativa e participativa da vida democrática.
This thesis examines the uses of the Amicus Curiae legal expedient by non-governmental organizations in defense of human rights, in Brazil, between 2000 and 2016. The Amicus Curiae becomes an important legal figure for legitimation in cases that aim at concentrated constitutional control, since it enables de active participation of society by way of entities, branches, groups, and institutions that express the principles and values of the majority of the population. More specifically, this thesis emphasizes that the activity of entities in the so-called Third Sector favors the legitimation of legal opinions on norms that will regulate collective interests, and that such legitimation is used as a source of juridical security in cases of (political) activism in the judiciary branch. Employing both qualitative and quantitative analysis, this thesis examines cases in which entities classed under FASFIL/IBGE s criterion 9 (development and protection of human rights) were accepted, and acted as Amicus Curiae in Cases of Direct Unconstitutionality (ADIN s) in the Brazilian Supreme Court between 2000 and 2016. Civil society, ever more institutionalized, points to a professionalization of conflicting narratives and their orientation towards hegemony, strongly anchored in the general will, as the use of the Amicus Curiae legal institution seems to reveal. Such an expedient, whose affirmation as an instrument of representation of social life is still in process, indicates the desire to occupy (as well as being invited to participate in the community of interpreters in order to assure the legitimacy of activist judicial decisions) the arena of democratic representation and participation.
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Koffi, Kouame saint-Paul. "Constitutionnalisme et démocratie en Afrique noire francophone : le cas du Bénin, de la Côte d'Ivoire, du Mali, du Burkina Faso, du Togo et du Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD044.
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Le respect et l’application effective, voire même efficace du constitutionnalisme et de la démocratie en Afrique en générale et particulièrement en Afrique noire francophone ont toujours été des difficultés auxquelles les constitutionnalistes et hommes politiques de ce continent demeurent confrontés. En effet, le constitutionnalisme en Afrique noire francophone n’a pas toujours coïncidé avec la vague mondiale de démocratisation qui a suivi la chute du mur de Berlin. Toutefois, c’est à partir de 1990 que le mouvement va se généraliser. En effet, après l’accession à l’indépendance des anciennes colonies françaises, la culture politique et juridique des nouveaux dirigeants africains étant française, tout concourt à expliquer que les premières Constitutions africaines furent à quelques variantes près un décalque de la Constitution française du 4 octobre 1958. Très tôt, ces Constitutions furent mises en sommeil, quand les gouvernements civils ne sont pas tout simplement renversés par des coups d’États. Aussi, le parti unique s’est finalement imposé partout, y compris dans les pays qui comme la Côte d’Ivoire, avaient gardé le principe du pluralisme politique dans leur Constitution. Avec les nouvelles Constitutions, les régimes politiques se sont diversifiés et certains d’entre eux se sont éloignés du modèle français de 1958. Désormais, le nouveau constitutionnalisme africain s’incarne dans un double mouvement indissociable l’un de l’autre. Il s’agit d’une part de l’irruption du constitutionnalisme dans le débat démocratique et d’autre part de la consécration de la justice constitutionnelle. En somme, les résultats qui découlent des analyses démontrent que sur le terrain, le constitutionnalisme n’a pas produit et atteint les résultats escomptés en termes de démocratie, de bonne gouvernance, de respect et de sauvegarde des droits fondamentaux. Il faut tout de même reconnaître des succès qui se matérialisent par des acquis ponctuels, pour ne pas tomber dans une sorte de procès fait au constitutionnalisme et à la démocratie en AfriqueIt has always been a challenge for constitutionalists and politicians of the African continent to enforce and implement constitutionalism and democracy effectively, and even efficiently, in Africa as a whole, and more particularly in Francophone black Africa. Indeed, constitutionalism in Francophone black Africa has not always coincided with the global wave of democratization that took place after the collapse of the Berlin wall. As a matter of fact, when the former French colonies became independent, new African leaders’ political and legal culture remained French-oriented, and that was the reason why the new African Constitutions were more or less similar to the October 4th 1958 French Constitution. Very soon, these Constitutions ended up not being implemented and some civil governments were overthrown by military coups. A single party eventually imposed itself everywhere, even in countries such as Ivory Coast where the principle of political pluralism was written in the Constitution. However, a wave of democratization started to widespread in the 1990s. Political regimes diversified with the new Constitutions, and some of these Constitutions veered from the 1958 French model. From now on, the new African Constitutionalism is embodied by two inseparable trends. On the one hand, constitutionalism has forced its way into the democratic debate. On the other hand, constitutional justice has been recognized. In short, my analyses have proven that on the ground, constitutionalism has not produced and reached the expected goals in terms of democracy, good governance, respect, and safeguarding of fundamental rights. One must nonetheless acknowledge some of the achievements in order to avoid turning this into a trial against constitutionalism and democracy in Africa
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Kachroo, Pushkin. "Optimal and Feedback Control for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28009.
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This dissertation studies hyperbolic partial differential equations for Conservation Laws motivated by traffic control problems. New traffic models for multi-directional flow in two dimensions are derived and their properties studied. Control models are proposed where the control variable is a multiplicative term in the flux function. Control models are also proposed for relaxation type systems of hyperbolic PDEs. Existence of optimal control for the case of constant controls is presented. Unbounded and bounded feedback control designs are proposed. These include advective, diffusive, and advective-diffusive controls. Existence result for the bounded advective control is derived. Performance of the relaxation model using bounded advective control is analyzed. Finally simulations using Godunov scheme are performed on unbounded and bounded feedback advective controls.Ph. D.
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Horne, Laura Christine 1961. "Norms, laws and the provision of social control." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288750.
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A society can use two kinds of controls to ensure that individuals comply with its rules. They are legal control and normative control. Legal control refers to punishment of deviant behavior by a legal institution that is supported by taxes. Normative control refers to punishment by individuals themselves who personally take action against a deviant. This research investigates the relationship between these two types of control--specifically, how change in the strength of one control institution affects the strength of the other. A theoretical argument is developed, suggesting two conclusions: (1) cohesive communities with strong normative controls facilitate the growth of strong legal systems; and (2) investment in the legal system, for example, in police and prisons, will weaken normative controls and thus the ability of communities to address social problems like crime in more informal ways. In other words, strong communities contribute to the growth of the legal system which in turn weakens the communities on which it depends. An experiment is conducted to test these and subsidiary hypotheses. In the experiment, subjects interact with each other using computers. They make decisions about sanctioning and about responding to the sanctioning decisions of others. Resulting changes in the strengths of the two types of control are measured.
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Imerane, Maiga Amadou. "La Cour Constitutionnelle de la 5ème République du Niger : 2000 - 2009 : Une expérience de la démocratie constitutionnelle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22001.
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Cette thèse met en lumière l’apport considérable du juge constitutionnel de la 5ème République nigérienne, dans l’œuvre de la protection audacieuse du principe de la suprématie de la Constitution (du 09 août 1999). L’exposition du schéma organisationnel de la justice constitutionnelle s’opère sans préjudice du nécessaire rappel de l’histoire socio-politique mouvementée du Niger, qui n’est pas étrangère dans l’originalité qui fonde le modèle nigérien. L’évocation de l’activité constitutionnelle va s’atteler à la mise en évidence des grandes décisions de la Cour, aussi bien dans le cadre de la défense des droits fondamentaux garantis, que celui de la régulation constitutionnelle du fonctionnement des institutions de la République. La jurisprudence relative au Président de la République, qui bénéficie d’un chapitre entier est au cœur de la problématique de la consolidation de la démocratisation du Niger post-Conférence nationale de 1991. L’étude fait ressortir une trajectoire d’analyse ambivalente. D’une part, la ré-fondation de la justice constitutionnelle par la consécration d’une juridiction spécialisée et indépendante, a eu pour effet de plonger le Niger dans l’ère de la démocratie constitutionnelle. D’autre part, l’audace du juge constitutionnel s’est avérée insuffisante, face à la dérive autoritaire du Président de la République de l’été 2009 (dissolution de la Cour). Il n’en demeure pas moins que, le constitutionnalisme démocratique ébauché sous la 5ème République semble bien demeurer la révolution appropriée de lutte contre toute résurgence autoritaireThis dissertation highlights the considerable contribution of the constitutional judge of the 5th Republic of Niger, in the audacious protection work of the supremacy of the Constitution principle (the 9th of August, 1999). The presentation of the organizational structure of constitutional law requires taking into account Niger’s sociopolitical history, which has contributed to the model of constitutional justice of Niger. The evocation of constitutional activity underlines the major decisions of the Court, regarding the defense of the guaranteed basic rights as well as the constitutional regulation of the functioning of the Republic's institutions. An entire chapter is dedicated to the case law regarding the President of the Republic, which has been in the center of the issue of strengthening the democratization of Niger since the National Conference of 1991. The research results in the ambivalent analysis. On the one hand, the re-foundation of the constitutional justice through the institution of a specialized and independent jurisdiction marked Niger's entry into an era of constitutional democracy. On the other hand, the constitutional judge audacity has proved deficient facing the authoritarian trend of the President of the Republic in 2009 (dissolution of the Court). Nonetheless, the democratic constitutionalism designed under the 5th Republic of Niger seems to remain an appropriate revolution to fight against any authoritarian resurgence
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Yavuzoglu, Emre. "Steering Laws For Control Moment Gyroscope Systems Used In Spacecraft Attitude Control." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1098441/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, the kinematic properties of Single Gimballed Control Moment Gyroscopes (SGCMGs) are investigated. Singularity phenomenon inherent to them is explained. Furthermore, existing steering laws with their derivations are given.
A novel steering law is developed that may provide singularity avoidance or may be used for quick transition through a singularity with small torque errors. To avoid singularity angular momentum trajectory of the maneuver is to be simulated in advance for the calculation of singularity free gimbal histories. The steering law, besides accurately generating required torques, also pushes the system to follow trajectories closely if there is a small difference between the planned and the realized momentum histories. Thus, it may be used in a feedback system. Also presented are number of approaches for singularity avoidance or quick transition through a singularity. The application of these ideas to the feedback controlled spacecraft is also presented. Existing steering laws and the proposed method are compared through computer simulations. It is shown that the proposed steering law is very effective in singularity avoidance and quick transition through singularities. Furthermore, the approach is demonstrated to be repeatable even singularity is encountered.
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Papageorgiou, Christakis. "Robustness analysis of nonlinear dynamic inversion control laws for flight control applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272063.
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Vila, Danilo Valença Hernandes. "Os efeitos do decreto-lei 201/67 sobre o mandato de prefeitos: de 1968 a 2016." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/23001.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estudar o controle concreto de constitucionalidade dos processos de crime comum contra prefeitos, definidos pelo art. 1º do Decreto-Lei 201/67, julgados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal desde 1968 até 2016. Para tal, examinamos a literatura sobre o DL 201 e Poder Judiciário nas áreas do direito, ciência política e administração pública. Coletamos do site do Supremo 190 casos de recursos, inquéritos e ações penais originárias referentes ao art.1º do DL 201. Os processos foram lidos e extraímos informações para montagem de uma base de dados que nos permitisse analisar o processo de judicialização desse instrumento jurídico. Nosso achado é que, em via de controle concreto como recurso somado a uma decisão precedente de ação penal originária do DL 201, entre 1971 e 1987, ocorreu uma judicialização do tipo arbitragem de interesses em conflito, criando uma jurisprudência sobre o DL 201 com força vinculante sobre a primeira instância, para 'salvar' os prefeitos de um suposto uso politizado desse Decreto-Lei em nível local. A partir de 2003, em controle concreto de ação penal originária, não constatamos força vinculante para o Supremo nem para instâncias inferiores. Ao assumir cargos de deputado federal e fazer o processo subir ao Supremo, os ex-prefeitos praticam uma judicialização como tática de oposição, que tem como conseqüência grande número de prescrições e arquivamentos desses processos, um aumento de decisões majoritárias dos órgãos colegiados e queda da correlação entre voto do relator e resultado do julgamento.
This dissertation aims to study the concrete control of constitutionality of common crime proceedings against mayors defined by art. 1 of Decree-Law 201/67, judged in the Federal Supreme Court from 1968 to 2016. To this end, we have examined the literature on DL 201 and Judiciary in the areas of law, political science and public administration. We collected from the Supreme's website 190 cases of appeals, inquiries and criminal prosecutions referring to DL 201’s article 1. The cases were read and we extracted information to set up a database that would allow us to analyze the judicial process of this legal instrument. Our finding is that, through concrete control as a resource, added to a previous decision of criminal action originating in DL 201, between 1971 and 1987, there was a judicialization of the type of arbitration of conflicting interests, creating a jurisprudence on DL 201 with binding force on the lower courts to 'save' the mayors from an alleged politicized use of this Decree at the local level. As of 2003, in concrete control of the originating criminal action, we did not find a binding force either for the Supreme Court or for lower instances. In assuming positions of federal deputy, and bringing the process rise to the Supreme, the former mayors pratice a judicialization as a tactic of opposition, which has as consequence a great number of prescriptions and fillings of these actions, an increase of majority decisions of the collegiate organs and fall of correlation between the rapporteur's vote and the outcome of the trial.
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Zhu, Yan. "Longitudinal control laws design for a flying wing aircraft." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7423.
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This research is concerned with the flight dynamic, pitch flight control and flying
qualities assessment for the reference BWB aircraft. It aims to develop the
longitudinal control laws which could satisfy the flying and handing qualities
over the whole flight envelope with added consideration of centre of gravity (CG)
variation.
In order to achieve this goal, both the longitudinal stability augmentation system
(SAS) and autopilot control laws are studied in this thesis. Using the pole
placement method, two sets of local Linear-Time-Invariant (LTI) SAS controllers
are designed from the viewpoints of flying and handing qualities assessment
and wind disturbance checking. The global gain schedule is developed with the
scheduling variable of dynamic pressure to transfer gains smoothly between
these two trim points. In addition, the poles movement of short period mode with
the varying CG position are analysed, and some approaches of control system
design to address the problem of reduced stability induced by CG variation are
discussed as well. To achieve the command control for the aircraft, outer loop
autopilot both pitch attitude hold and altitude hold are implemented by using the
root locus method.
By the existing criteria in MIL-F-8785C specifications being employed to assess
the augmented aircraft response, the SAS linear controller with automatic
changing gains effectively improve the stability characteristic for the reference
BWB aircraft over the whole envelope. Hence, the augmented aircraft equals to
a good characteristic controlled object for the outer loop or command path
design, which guarantee the satisfactory performance of command control for
the BWB aircraft.
The flight control law for the longitudinal was completed with the SAS controller
and autopilot design. In particular, the SAS was achieved with Level 1 flying and
handing qualities, meanwhile the autopilot system was applied to obtain a
satisfactory pitch attitude and altitude tracking performance.
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Atkins, Stephen C. (Stephen Carroll). "Incremental synthesis of optimcal control laws using learning algorithms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46424.
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Newsom, Jerry Russell. "Designing Active Control Laws in a Computational Aeroelasticity Environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26495.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a methodology for designing active control laws in a computational aeroelasticity environment. The methodology involves employing a systems identification technique to develop an explicit state-space model for control law design from the output of a computational aeroelasticity code. The particular computational aeroelasticity code employed in this dissertation solves the transonic small disturbance equation using a time-accurate, finite-difference scheme. Linear structural dynamics equations are integrated simultaneously with the computational fluid dynamics equations to determine the time responses of the structural outputs. These structural outputs are employed as the input to a modern systems identification technique that determines the Markov parameters of an â equivalent linear systemâ . The eigensystem realization algorithm is then employed to develop an explicit state-space model of the equivalent linear system. Although there are many control law design techniques available, the standard Linear Quadratic Guassian technique is employed in this dissertation. The computational aeroelasticity code is modified to accept control laws and perform closed-loop simulations. Flutter control of a rectangular wing model is chosen to demonstrate the methodology. Various cases are used to illustrate the usefulness of the methodology as the nonlinearity of the computational fluid dynamics system is increased through increased angle-of-attack changes.Ph. D.
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HENRIQUES, PEDRO ESTIGUER. "AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND CONTROL OF CONSTITUTIONALITY: JUDICIAL LIMITS IN THE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE FACTS AND PROGNOSES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12268@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O trabalho desenvolvido pretende compreender o controle concentrado de constitucionalidade de eventual norma instituidora de discriminação positiva, através do mecanismo de quotas raciais para ingresso no ensino superior público. Ficou demonstrada a necessidade de que tal controle seja realizado por meio do princípio da proporcionalidade. Isso porque, de um lado, a implementação de tais medidas acarreta restrição a um direito fundamental, qual seja, a igualdade em sentido formal. De outro, envolve a consideração de fatos e prognoses legislativos pelo Poder Judiciário. Assim, somente logra legitimidade se levada a efeito em consonância com os critérios de racionalização impostos pelo princípio em questão. É tarefa do legislador buscar meios para efetivar a isonomia substancial, como forma de concretizar os mandamentos constitucionais, os quais não podem significar um reles corpo programático de normas, e sim um instrumento para a realização do objetivo primordial do Constitucionalismo contemporâneo: a dignidade da pessoa humana. Portanto, restou clara a patente necessidade de racionalização do vínculo entre legislador e direitos fundamentais, precipuamente de modo a delimitar suas margens de ação. Para que a vinculação apontada seja realmente efetiva, torna-se indispensável a atuação da jurisdição constitucional, dentro dos limites traçados, de modo a obter legitimidade como importante instrumento de defesa do Estado Democrático de Direito. O controle realizado seguiu a máxima da proporcionalidade. Desse modo, a aferição dos fatos e prognoses legislativos ficou circunscrita aos subprincípios concretizadores da adequação aptidão dos meios empregados para a consecução dos fins e da necessidade inexistência de outro meio menos gravoso, em atenção à idéia de menor ingerência possível. Já a análise da tensão entre igualdade material e formal foi feita consoante o subprincípio da proporcionalidade em sentido estrito, pelo qual se opera um juízo de ponderação dos valores jurídicos em conflito.
This work aims to understand the concentrated judicial control of constitutionality of any given positive discrimination law, based on the mechanism of preferred admissions for racial minorities in the public Universities. It`s been demonstrated that such control must follow the proportionality principle. That s because, on one side, the implementation of these measures involves a restriction on a fundamental right, that is, equality on its formal conception. Otherwise, it also involves the consideration of legislative facts and prognoses by the judiciary. Thus, this instance of control is only legitimate if carried out in line with the rules of rationalization imposed by the principle in question. It`s duty of the legislator to seek for the means capable of implementing the substantial conception of equality, as a way to put into practice the constitutional commandments, which may not be just ideological standards, but instruments for achieving the main objective of contemporary constitutionalism: the dignity of the human person. Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the linkage between legislator and fundamental rights, especially in order to limit the margins of action. Indeed, the action of the judiciary branch is essential, restrained by the appointed limits, with the purpose of obtaining legitimacy as an important instrument of defense of a Democratic State. The suggested constitutionality control followed the principle of proportionality. Thus, legislative facts and prognoses were limited by the sub-principles of adequacy suitability of the employed means to achieve the aimed purposes and necessity inexistence of other harmlessly means, in attention to the idea of the smallest degree of intrusion as possible. In addition, the analysis of the stress between formal and material conceptions of equality was carried out considering the sub- principle ofproportionality in the strict sense, which operates a balancing of legal values in conflict.
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Ho, Chun-hung. "An analysis of the control and enforcement policy on unauthorised building works in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19711839.
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Lee, Chui-lin Alice. "Comparative analysis of handgun control laws between Hong Kong and Singapore." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576118.
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Pfeiffer, Celaya Carlos Fernando. "Analysis and design of heterogeneous control laws for nonlinear chemical processes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Mazzuco, Giovana Ribas. "Controle de constitucionalidade no processo administrativo tributário." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7473.
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Este estudo aborda a viabilidade de enfrentamento, pela autoridade julgadora em processo administrativo fiscal, do argumento de inconstitucionalidade da lei que determina a exigência do tributo. Procede-se a uma análise crítica, a partir de precedentes dos Conselhos de Contribuintes do Ministério da Fazenda, da solução usualmente adotada, de não-conhecimento da irresignação do contribuinte, sob o fundamento da reserva de jurisdição. A proposta defende a possibilidade de pronunciamento do julgador administrativo, com efeitos para o caso concreto, além de sustentar a hipótese como um direito do contribuinte, à luz da garantia constitucional do devido processo legal e dos princípios da legalidade, da moralidade e da eficiência.This study has the purpose of analyzing how the judge when ruling on administrative and fiscal lawsuits has the possibility of challenging the constitutionality of specific tax laws. Critical analysis has been done based on case laws from Taxpayers Councils at the Treasure Department, unknown taxpayers’ confrontation, and jurisdiction. This paper presents the possibilities the judge has when analyzing the suit and the defendant’s right related to constitutional guarantees concerning the due process of law and the principles of legality, morality and effectiveness.
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Hansson, Jörgen. "Using Linear Fractional Transformations for Clearance of Flight Control Laws." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2041.
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Flight Control Systems are often designed in linearization points over a flight envelope and it must be proven to clearance authorities that the system works for different parameter variations and failures all over this envelope.
In this thesis µ-analysis is tried as a complement for linear analysis in the frequency plane. Using this method stability can be guaranteed for all static parameter combinations modelled and linear criteria such as phase and gain margins and most unstable eigenvalue can be included in the analysis. A way of including bounds on the parameter variations using parameter dependent Lyapunov functions is also tried.
To perform µ-analysis the system must be described as a Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT). This is a way of reformulating a parameter dependent system description as an interconnection of a nominal linear time invariant system and a structured parameter block.
A linear and a rational approximation of the system are used to make LFTs. These methods are compared. Four algorithms for calculation of the upper and lower bounds of µ are evaluated. The methods are tried on VEGAS, a SAAB research aircraft model.
µ-analysis works quite well for linear clearance. The rational approximation LFT gives best results and can be cleared for the criteria mentioned above. A combination of the algorithms is used for best results. When the Lyapunov based method is used the size of the problem grows quite fast and, due to numerical problems, stability can only be guaranteed for a reduced model.
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Fredman, Kristin, and Anna Freiholtz. "Use of Simulation Optimization for Clearance of Flight Control Laws." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5595.
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Before a new flight control system is released for flight, a huge number of simulations are evaluated to find weaknesses of the system. This process is called flight clearance. Flight clearance is a very important but time consuming process. There is a need of better flight clearance methods and one of the most promising methods is the use of optimization. In this thesis the flight clearance of a simulation model of JAS 39 Gripen is examined. Two flight clearance algorithms using two different optimization methods are evaluated and compared to each other and to a traditional flight clearance method.
In this thesis the flight clearance process is separated into three cases: search for the worst flight condition, search for the worst manoeuvre and search for the worst flight condition including parameter uncertainties. For all cases the optimization algorithms find a more dangerous case than the traditional method. In the search for worst flight condition, both with and without uncertainties, the optimization algorithms are to prefer to the traditional method with respect to the clearance results and the number of objective function calls. The search for the worst manoeuvre is a much more complex problem. Even as the algorithms find more dangerous manoeuvres than the traditional method, it is not certain that they find the worst manoeuvres. If not other methods should be used the problem has to be rephrased. For example other optimization variables or a few linearizations of the optimization problem could reduce the complexity.
The overall impression is that the need of information and problem characteristics define which method that is most suitable to use. The information required must be weighed against the cost of objective function calls. Compared to the traditional method, the optimization methods used in this thesis give extended information about the problems examined and are better to locate the worst case.
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Cavalletti, Matteo. "Intelligent power train control laws in fuel cell electric vehicle." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242332.
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