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Journal articles on the topic 'Constitutions, Germany, 1919'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Popović, Dragoljub. "Constitutional design and destiny of the states: The Weimar Constitution and the St Vitus Day Constitution in comparative perspective." Pravni zapisi 12, no. 2 (2021): 396–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap0-34186.

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The Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the St Vitus Day Constitution of 1921 were quite different in many aspects. Their comparison is nevertheless of interest not only because it shows some influences of the older one to the younger, but also for the fact that it displays the line of developments of the two countries - Germany and Yugoslavia. If considered from the standpoint of parliamentary government, territorial organization of the two states and some other features the analysis of the respective constitutional developments leads to several conclusions. The two constitutions had their initia

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Machovenko, Jevgenij, and Dovile Valanciene. "CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE COORDINATION OF RECEIPTED AND NATIONAL LITHUANIAN LAW IN 1918–1920." Constitutional and legal academic studies, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2663-5399.2020.2.08.

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The research object of this study is the provisions of the Provisional Constitutions of 1918, 1919 and 1920 concerning the establishment of the Lithuanian legal system. The aim of the study was to determine what was the basis for the reception of foreign law and the particularism of the law, what law was recepted and what was the relationship between it and the newly created national law. The main methods used are systematic, teleological, historical, linguistic, and comparative. This article presents an original vision of recepted law and a critical assessment of the interwar Lithuanian gover

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3

Kudryachenko, A. "Federal Republic of Germany – Second German Democratic State." Problems of World History, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-8.

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The article describes the main stages of modern Germany’s experience in building of the parliamentary democracy. The author defines the historical progress of the German state on the wayto the formation of democratic foundations that created the basis of modern society. Three German constitutions of 1871, 1919 and 1949 were considered, they formed the basis for the development of apostwar federal state. Particular attention is focused on the transformation of the three western occupation zones of Germany into the Federal Republic of Germany and the development of the BasicLaw, which was initia

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Frowein, JA. "Constitutional law and international law at the turn of the century." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/1998/v1i1a2898.

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Constitutional law and international law operate in simultaneous conjunction and reciprocal tension. Both fields seem to have overcome the great challenges of destruction and neglect in the course of the 20th century. Both after World War I and World War II the world experienced new waves of constitution making. In both cases the current German constitutions (the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Grundgesetz of 1949) were influential. Characteristic of constitution-making in this century, is the final victory of liberal constitutions based on the rule of law, the Rechtsstaat, fundamental rig

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Sorokin, P. A. "on Sorokin." Science in Context 3, no. 1 (1989): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970000082x.

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Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovich, born January 21,1889, in the small village of Turia in Russia [died 1968]. Student at the Teachers' Seminary in the province of Kostroma in Russia (1903–6), at the evening school in St. Petersburg (1907–9), at the Psycho- Neurological Institute in St. Petersburg (1910–14); Magistrant of Criminal Law (1915); Ph.D in Sociology (1922); Privatdozent at the Psycho-Neurological Institute (1914–16), at the University of St. Petersburg (1916–17); Professor of Sociology at the same university (1919–22); Professor of Sociology at the Agricultural Academy (1919–22), at the

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Suk, Julie. "Gender Equality and the Protection of Motherhood in Global Constitutionalism." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 12, no. 1 (2018): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2018-0002.

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Abstract Most of the world’s constitutions contain clauses guaranteeing sex equality, and many also extend the special protection of the state to mothers. The constitutional protection of motherhood is undertheorized and neglected in global constitutional discourse, perhaps because jurisdictions like the United States view the special protection of women as contrary to gender equality. This Essay explores the feminist meanings and possibilities of constitutional motherhood clauses, by focusing on Germany, where they originated in 1919. While motherhood clauses have had complex relationships wi

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Żelichowski, Ryszard. "Poles and Finns under Russian rule." Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 8 (December 30, 2019): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.08.03.

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An attempt to compare Russian Tsar Alexander I was the head of the Grand Duchy of Finland, which the Russian army captured in 1809 as a result of the Russo-Swedish war. The final act of the Congress of Vienna of June 1815 decided to establish the Kingdom of Poland. Beside the title of Grand Duke of Finland tsar, Alexander I was awarded the title of the King of Poland. From that moment on, for over one hundred years, the fate of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland was intertwined during the rule of five Russian tsars. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whethe

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Vallikivi, Hannes. "Kodanikuõiguste peatükk Eesti 1919. aasta ajutises põhiseaduses [Abstract: Civil Rights Chapter in Estonia’s 1919 Preliminary Constitution]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 3/4 (June 16, 2020): 293–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2019.3-4.01.

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Many of the new states that emerged or reconstituted themselves after the First World War used declarations of independence or preliminary constitutions, or both, as organic law until the adoption of a permanent constitution. The majority of those documents did not address the civil and political rights of citizens (e.g. Germany, Ireland) or did so very briefly (e.g. Austria, Czechoslovakia, Georgia, Latvia). Estonia stood out by having a whole chapter dedicated to civil rights in its preliminary constitution. The Preliminary Constitution of Estonia (valitsemise ajutine kord) was adopted

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Geymbukh, Nadezhda G. "CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL DISCUSSIONS DURING THE ADOPTION OF THE BASIC LAW OF THE FRG OF 1949." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 41 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/41/3.

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With the split of Germany in the Western Länder, the constitutional process of framing the new political and legal reality in the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949 begins. In considering and discussing the draft Basic Law of the FRG, the Parliamentary Council chose the term "basic law" instead of "constitution". The choice of this expression was intended to emphasise that the task of the Parliamentary Council was not to create a legal regime for the whole of the united German state, but only for a particular part of it, which consisted of the eleven Western states. In line w

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Kulesza, Władysław. "Konstytucja z 17 marca 1921 r. na tle powojennych konstytucji republikańskich w Europie 1919–1922." Przegląd Konstytucyjny, no. 1 (2022) (June 2022): 25–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25442031pko.22.002.15728.

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The Constitution of 17 March 1921 against the background of the post-war republican constitutions in Europe 1919–1922 After Poland regained its independence in November 1918, the parliament, acting as a constitutional body, enacted the Constitution of the Republic of Poland on 17 May 1921. It is worth setting this event against a broader background. After the First World War, new constitutions were created in Eastern Europe, in particular in those states that had to build their political system from scratch, for example because they appeared on the map of Europe for the first time in history o

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Williams, Tom. "A ‘Triumph of Federalism’? The German Empire in Debates on Irish Home Rule before the First World War." Review of Irish Studies in Europe 3, no. 2 (2020): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v3i2.2392.

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In March 1911, John Redmond published a newspaper article praising the German Empire as ‘the most convincing proof of the triumph of federalism’. While foreign and colonial analogies – ranging from Canada and the United States to Switzerland and Austria-Hungary – had been a regular feature in debates on Irish Home Rule since the 1870s, Redmond’s whole-hearted expression of admiration for constitutional arrangements in Imperial Germany came as a surprise to many contemporaries. Yet it bears witness to a renewed interest in German federalism among Irish nationalists following the granting of ‘Ho

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Baer, Susanne, Christian Boulanger, Alexander Klose, and Rosemarie Will. "The Basic Law at 60 – Introduction to the Special Issue." German Law Journal 11, no. 1 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200018393.

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For Germany 2009 was a year of constitutional anniversaries: the first democratic constitution (Paulskirchenverfassung of 1849) was promulgated 160 years ago; the 1919 Weimar Constitution would have turned 90; and finally, the country celebrated 60 years of the Basic Law, which was proclaimed and signed in Bonn on 23 May 1949. Despite its birth in the midst of economic and political turmoil and widespread disillusion with politics, the Basic Law has come to be regarded as a “success story.” As is well known, it was never meant to last – the very term “Grundgesetz” (basic law) indicated that it

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MAIER, CLARA. "THE WEIMAR ORIGINS OF THE WEST GERMAN RECHTSSTAAT, 1919–1969." Historical Journal 62, no. 4 (2019): 1069–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000323.

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AbstractThe article explores the key components of the political project of West Germany and the role of the Rechtsstaat within it. It shows how the German Federal Republic developed a specific reading of the rule of law as an order founded on basic rights as supra-legal values and judicial authority, which had to be defended even against democratic government. This did not signify a departure from the constitutional theory of the Weimar period, as constitutional lawyers such as Gustav Radbruch and Carlo Schmid claimed at the time. Instead, the decisive innovations in constitutional thought st

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BONIN, HUGO. "One Swallow Does Not a Spring Make." Contributions to the History of Concepts 14, no. 1 (2019): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2019.140107.

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Pasi Ihalainen, The Springs of Democracy: National and Transnational Debates on Constitutional Reform in the British, German, Swedish and Finnish Parliaments, 1917–1919 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2017), 586 pp.

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Baechler, Christian. "Culture politique et crise de la démocratie de Weimar." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 42, no. 2 (2010): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2010.6115.

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Among the reasons of the failure of the Weimar democracy, the part played by the political culture inherited from the 19th century has undoubtedly not been emphasized strongly enough. The German political culture regards the State as sacred and mistrusts political parties, considered as factors of division in society; this culture thus does not view a parliamentary regime favourably. It shows that most Germans in 1914 are satisfied with the non-parliamentary constitutional monarchy and its dualistic system whereby the executive, represented by the emperor and the chancellor, has a supremacy ov

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Monballyu, Jos. "The force of law of decree-laws in Belgium during and after the First World War." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 83, no. 1-2 (2015): 248–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08312p12.

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When Belgium was overrun by Germany in 1914 neither the Belgian constitutional legislator, nor the Belgian legislator had determined how the police powers of the civil authorities could be transferred to the military authorities in the case of a war. Article 130 of the Constitution determined that the Constitution and the constitutional rights and freedoms it provided could never be suspended wholly or in part. This created a problem. There were several statutes which provided merely a limited answer for some situations. When Belgian military authorities instead of civil authorities took measu

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DELGADO, Mauricio Godinho, José Roberto Freire PIMENTA, and Ivana NUNES. "O PARADIGMA DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO: ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL E DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS." Revista Juridica 2, no. 55 (2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v2i55.3405.

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RESUMOO constitucionalismo ocidental caracteriza-se pela presença de três paradigmas mais destacados. O mais antigo, denominado de Estado Liberal de Direito, originário dos documentos constitucionais do século XVIII dos EUA e da França, foi antecedido pelo pioneirismo constitucional britânico, de origem costumeira, jurisprudencial e parlamentar, desde o século XVII. No Brasil, teve influência na Constituição de 1891. O paradigma do Estado Social de Direito, oriundo dos documentos constitucionais da segunda década do século XX, como a Constituição do México, de 1917, e a Constituição da Alemanh

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Kalvoda, Josef. "National Minorities Under Communism: The Case of Czechoslovakia." Nationalities Papers 16, no. 1 (1988): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905998808408065.

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After its establishment in 1918–1919, Czechoslovakia was a multinational state and some of its minorities protested against their being included into it. The nationality problem was related to the collapse of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1938 and the loss of some of its territories to Germany, Poland, and Hungary. It may be pointed out that the 1920 Constitution did not recognize a separate Slovak national identity and that the Czechs and Slovaks were termed “Czechoslovaks.” The post-Munich Second Republic recognized a separate Slovak nationality; however, the state came to its end in Ma

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Kobylets`kiy, Mykola, та Natalya Paslavsʹka. "АДМІНІСТРАТИВНЕ СУДОЧИНСТВО В АВСТРІЙСЬКІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, № 77 (12 грудня 2023): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2023.77.182.

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The article is devoted to the historical processes of formation and development of administrative justice in the Republic of Austria. The process of establishment of the Administrative Tribunal of Austria-Hungary 1875–1918 is covered. The jurisdiction and structure of the Administrative Tribunal of Austria-Hungary (1875–1918) are analyzed. The process of the formation of the administrative judiciary in the Republic of Austria established in November 1918 is shown. The functions and powers of the Higher Administrative Court of the Republic of Austria after the establishment of the Constitutiona

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Stankov, Nikolai N. "Vlastimil Tusar’s Governments and the German Problem in Czechoslovakia (July, 1919 — September, 1920)." Central-European Studies 2020, no. 3 (12) (2021): 188–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2020.3.9.

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The author of this article deals the with problem of the German minority in the Czechoslovak Republic using archival and published documents and investigates the policy of Vlastimil Tusar’s two governments (the first from July 8, 1919 to May 25, 1920, and the second from May 25 till September 15, 1920). The author pays special attention to Tusar’s personal efforts in settling the German Bohemians’ problem, and to his negotiations with the leaders of German political parties, primarily with the German social democratic workers’ party in Czechoslovakia, and his efforts to reach agreements with t

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Holzer, Werner, and Rainer Münz. "Ethnic Diversity in Eastern Austria: The Case of Burgenland." Nationalities Papers 23, no. 4 (1995): 697–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999508408412.

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Unlike the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Austria established in 1918 saw and sees itself basically as an ethnically homogeneous state—as did the Weimar Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. Austria's constitution of 1920 made German the official language, just as Hungarian became the official language in Hungary. The relatively high degree of ethnic homogeneity in Austria and Hungary were a result of the collapse of the multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire and the new borders of these two successor states. Before 1918, the German-speaking and Hungarian-speaking population of the Empire

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LEIDINGER, BARBARA, W. ROBERT LEE, and PETER MARSCHALCK. "Enforced convergence: political change and cause-of-death registration in the Hansestadt Bremen, 1860–1914." Continuity and Change 12, no. 2 (1997): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416097002968.

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Even after the unification of Germany in 1871, political power continued to be fragmented. The Bismarckian constitution was superimposed on a collection of previously independent states: it acknowledged their continued existence as historical regions, granted them their own constitutions, state parliaments, and extensive legislative and executive powers. At a regional level, different perceptions of the appropriate role of the state continued to exist, with Prussian centralism contrasting with the laissez-faire amateurism of Bremen and Hamburg. The creation of centralized Reich (German Empire)

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Bittner, Claudia. "Casenote –– Human Dignity as a Matter of Legislative Consistency in an Ideal World: The Fundamental Right to Guarantee a Subsistence Minimum in the German Federal Constitutional Court's Judgment of 9 February 2010." German Law Journal 12, no. 11 (2011): 1941–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017648.

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“Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect shall be the duty of all state authority.” It is with this proclamation in Article 1(1) Basic Law (“Grundgesetz” or “GG”) that the German Constitution starts its section on fundamental rights. When the Parliamentary Council formulated this basic right, they had in mind the denial of fundamental rights during the period of National Socialism and the atrocities of the Holocaust. The framers, however, did not envisage a constitutional right to state benefits despite Article 151(1) of the Weimar Imperial Constitution of 1919 linking the or

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Janssen, Achim. "VIII. Ohne Körperschaftsgarantie keine Reichsverfassung?" Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 107, no. 1 (2021): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgk-2021-0008.

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Abstract No Weimar Constitution without a guarantee of the corporate status of religious communities? The discussion about article 137 section 5 of the Weimar Constitution and its content in the National Assembly of Weimar. Some researchers hold that without the constitutional guarantee of the corporate status of religious communities in article 137 section 5 the Weimar Constitution in 1919 would not have come about. The minutes of the constituent Weimar National Assembly, however, do not indicate that the guarantee of the corporate status was in danger to fail in default of political consensu

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Geymbukh, Nadezhda G. "On the State Structure of the Federal Republic of Germany at the adoption of the Basic Law of 1949." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 44 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/44/3.

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The article deals with the issues of state structure of the Federal Republic of Germany discussed in the process of adoption of the Basic Law of 1949. The author examines the constitutional and legal situation within which the Basic Law of the FRG was adopted, analyses in detail the ideas of leading constitutionalists on the issues of state structure that were discussed in the process of drafting the Basic Law of the FRG. Germany's partition was initiated by the West. Recently disclosed archive documents show that Germany's split was predetermined already in the course of the war at the meetin

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Mckibben, David. "Who Were the German Independent Socialists? The Leipzig City Council Election of 6 December 1917." Central European History 25, no. 4 (1992): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900021452.

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The emergence of the Independent Socialist party (USPD) in Germany during World War I had momentous and long-reaching consequences. Organized as a group of dissenters within the established German Social Democratic party (SPD), independent socialism grew into a movement that split Germany's working class into two, then three, warring factions. The result was a struggle for supremacy among socialist party factions to which subsequent writers have attributed the “failed” revolution of November 1918, a Weimar Constitution that alienated rather than satisfied German workers, and ultimately the ina

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Jansen, Sarah. "An American Insect in Imperial Germany: Visibility and Control in Making the Phylloxera in Germany, 1870–1914." Science in Context 13, no. 1 (2000): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700003719.

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The ArgumentThe vine louse Phylloxera vastatrix became a “pest” as it was transferred from North America and from France to Germany during the 1870s. Embodying the “invading alien,” it assumed a cultural position that increasingly gained importance in Imperial Germany. In this process, the minute insect, living invisibly underground, was made visible and became constitutive of the scientific-technological object, “pest,” pertaining to a scientific discipline, modern economic entomology. The “pest” phylloxera emerged by being made visible in a way that enabled control measures against it. Thus,

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Boiko, Mykhailo, and Oleksandr Ivanov. "The Denazification of the Post-war Germany in the American Occupation Zone in 1945-1949." European Historical Studies, no. 10 (2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2018.10.63-81.

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As a result of the analysis of the documents of the American Military Administration, agreements, signed at the official governmental level by the representatives of the Allies, personal documents, articles of the German newspaper “Die Zeit” and sociological researches carried out by the scientific institutions, the authors of the article outline the main mechanisms, procedures, institutions for the implementation of the denazification and identify its advantages and disadvantages during the American occupation in 1945-1949. Denazification implemented in the American occupation zone did not re

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Kim, Seongeun. "Land Reform Movement in Germany (II): Focusing on Land Reform Legislation." Korean Institute for Aggregate Buildings Law 44 (November 30, 2022): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55029/kabl.2022.44.157.

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In Germany, the population of large cities such as Berlin has increased rapidly due to industrialization and urbanization since modern times. The rental apartments for workers in large cities built during this period were called “rental barracks”(Mietskaserne), and the living conditions were very poor. As such, the demand for residential space in large cities continued to increase, and this resulted in an increase in demand for land, leading to a rapid rise in land prices. In the midst of this, American economist Henry George argued that the land value should be shared by society through the l

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Kuhli, Milan. "Die Weimarer Reichsverfassung und das Verbot rückwirkender Strafverschärfung." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 20, no. 2 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2021.20.02.04.

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The principle “nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege” is one of the core principles of German criminal law and constitutional law. However, the history of this principle is quite varied. This article will focus on an essential part of this history, namely on the version of this principle in the Weimar Constitution of 1919. It will be shown that the principle of legality of criminal law was indeed expressed in that constitution, but that the exact scope of application of this constitutional principle was quite unclear. In this regard, it was uncertain whether the Weimar Constitution also prohibi

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Matveeva, Anna G. "West German historiography of the German Empire as an example of the implementation of historical policy." Novaia i noveishaia istoria, no. 4 (August 19, 2024): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424040027.

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Analysis of the historiography of a particular historical period or problem allows one to say a lot not only about the topic of research, but also about the academic and political situation in which the works were prepared and published. For example, the tradition of studying the political history of Germany during the imperial period that emerged in Germany. The natural choice of topics on which most works concentrate (constitutional history, biography, history of political parties, parliamentarism, problems of authoritarianism and the theory of modernization) almost always concern the histor

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Jabłonowski, Marek, and Wojciech Jakubowski. "Nieznany projekt polskiej konstytucji z 1919 roku. Przyczynek do dziejów europejskiej myśli ustrojowej I połowy XX wieku." Przegląd Europejski, no. 2-2022 (August 30, 2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.22.10.

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Source research conducted by the authors in the area of the history of the Polish system led to the discovery of the anonymous constitution draft of 1919 in the Archives of New Records in Warsaw. The article presents the analysis of the main assumptions of this draft. This discovery made it possible to formulate a thesis that in the systemic debate in 1917–1921 there were more original concepts and private drafts of the constitution deviating from the accepted schemes than indicated by current state of research. The analysed draft is original and, unfortunately, a forgotten system concept. It

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Haueis, Eduard. "Old Problems, New Challenges." L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature 24, no. 2 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/l1esll.2024.24.2.619.

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Although comparative studies on L1 education are facing many new challenges today, two ‘old’ issues should not be forgotten: the professional qualification of teachers as part of their academic training, and elementary language education in primary schools. These issues need a theoretical foundation to make L1 education part of the professional practical knowledge of teachers. In Germany, there is a gap between the subject-related qualification of prospective teachers on the one hand, and their didactic qualification for their professional field of action in schools on the other. What is perce

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Tusiński, Piotr A. "Kontrola parlamentarna rządu w systemach ustrojowych II Rzeczypospolitej w dyskursie polskiej doktryny przedwojennej i współczesnej." Rocznik Administracji Publicznej 8 (December 30, 2022): 125–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24497800rap.22.008.16784.

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The Second Republic of Poland implemented in the first years of independence a significant part of the achievements of Western European parliamentarism with regard to the control function of the executive (government). While in the West the parliament’s powers of scrutiny over the government were mostly subject to regulation by ordinary law, in Poland and other states revived or established in Europe after World War I, the bulk of them became the subject of legal regulation at the level of constitutions, ordinary laws and/or parliamentary rules of procedure. In Poland, law and customs shaped t

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Zimmermann, Moshe. "Blind in the Right Eye: Weimar as a Test Case." Israel Law Review 32, no. 3 (1998): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015727.

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The most frightening debacle of democracy is not caused by a revolution or a coup d'etat but by the creeping process of delegitimization, in which the Giant's leap (“Quantensprung”) is hardly conceivable. The most notorious example to date is the Weimar Republic, as the German Reich was called between 1918/9–1933. This example has served as a constant warning for all democratic systems since then, and is therefore always present and relevant.It is not for a social or cultural historian to intervene in a purely professional discussion of jurists or legal historians concerning the question of co

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Protosavitska, L. S. "Liberal-democratic values of the Polish Сonstitution of 1921". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, № 64 (14 серпня 2021): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.8.

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Examining the liberal-democratic values of the Polish Сonstitution of 1921, the author clarified the conditions under which the Polish state was formed in 1918. In general, the paper examines all sections of the constitution of March 17, 1921, carried out an article-by-article analysis of the basic law of the Polish state. Polish statehood was restored as a result of geopolitical changes following the First World War, including the victory of the Entente. Based on the guarantees contained in Woodrow Wilson's program, the Poles restored the Polish state. The Polish state in the po

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Buchenau, Jürgen. "Introduction." Anuario de Historia de América Latina 54 (December 27, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/jbla.54.17.

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One hundred years after its promulgation, it seems appropriate to take stock of the formulation and impact of the Constitution of 1917, a document soon thereafter eclipsed by the much more radical constitution of the Soviet Union and therefore the subject of relatively few scholarly analyses, especially with regard to transnational perspectives. Written by eminent historians from Canada, Germany, Great Britain, and Mexico, the six essays in this special section bring together different perspectives on the constitution and its international impact.

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Milosavljevic, Boris. "Drafting the constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920)." Balcanica, no. 50 (2019): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950225m.

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The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was internationally recognized during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-20. Even though there was neither a provisional nor a permanent constitution of the newly-formed state, factually there was a state as well as a system of governance, represented by supreme bodies, the King and the Parliament. Many draft constitutions were prepared by different political parties and notable individuals. We shall focus on the official Draft Constitution prepared during the premiership of Stojan Protic. He appointed the Drafting Committee as a governmental (multi-et

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Baev, V. G. "The legal scholar Carl Schmitt politics in Weimar Germany (1919-1933)." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 3, no. 3 (2016): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18223.

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The article discusses the life and scientific work of one of the most prominent, controversial and challenging philosophers and jurists of Germany of the end XIX-XX centuries Carl Schmitt. His political and legal views were formed in the area of confrontation and interaction between science and policy. Schmitt taught not only the law but also political science. The policy was organically included in all teaching legal courses. Special emphasis is placed on the relation of Schmitt to democracy and the Weimar Constitution.

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Filipiak, Zbigniew, and Tomasz Kowalczyk. "The role of the Act of 5 November 1916 in starting the process of rebuilding Polish statehood." Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego IV, no. IV (2024): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4280.

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The following text is devoted to the issues of the fate of Polish lands being decided during World War I. Above all it discusses the Act of 5 November 1916 issued by two of the partitioning powers – the Second German Reich and Austria-Hungary – and assesses its role in the future revival of Polish statehood. This legal act led to the establishing of semi-sovereign central Polish administration bodies, which prepared a draft constitution for the future state (monarchist), a draft electoral law for the Sejm, and took many steps to establish local Polish authorities, the judiciary, and the educat

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Stępnik, Krzysztof. "Powstanie Wielkanocne w prasie polskiej (Komentarze polityczne)." Politeja 17, no. 4(67) (2020): 184–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.67.10.

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Easter Rising in the Polish Press (Political Commentaries)The author of the paper describes the ways in which the Polish press were informed about the Easter Rising, sources of gaining this knowledge (Reuters Agency and European daily newspapers); particularly, he makes analysis of political commentaries which were published in Warsaw, Cracow and Lvov newspapers. He shows a specific character of Polish reaction to the events in Ireland, which was rooted in the analogy of historical destiny of both nations, and gained a particularly strong resonance on the turn of April and May 1916. The author

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McDonagh, Eileen L., and H. Douglas Price. "Woman Suffrage in the Progressive Era: Patterns of Opposition and Support in Referenda Voting, 1910-1918." American Political Science Review 79, no. 2 (1985): 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956657.

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Sources of opposition and support for woman suffrage are analyzed with the use of the responses of male voters to constitutional referenda held in six key states during the Progressive era. Traditional axes of opposition and support for suffrage are examined, establishing that stable sources of suffrage support originate most often from Protestant and northern European constituencies (with the exception of Germans), whereas southern Europeans and Catholics (except for Germans) generally show no consistent patterns. Opposition to suffrage is most constant from Germans—both Catholic and Protesta

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Egorov, A. A., and O. O. Boyko. "Escalation of Anglo-German Relations Amidst Strengthening of ‘War Party’ in Germany during Crisis Period of 1908—1911." Nauchnyi dialog 13, no. 3 (2024): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-3-331-347.

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The subject of the study is Anglo-German relations during the crisis period of 1908-1911. The aim of the work is to examine the views and activities of German state and public figures who directly or indirectly influenced the overall background of Anglo-German relations in the context of escalating antagonism between the two states. This process was influenced by the so-called ‘war party’, to which a certain group of German politicians with pronounced nationalist-chauvinistic ideals belonged. The historical sources used in the article are analyzed from a personal approach and anthropology of i

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Trofimova, Ya V. "The German Path to Fiscal Federalism." Economic Policy 20, no. 1 (2025): 106–24. https://doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2025-1-106-124.

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In accordance with the Imperial Constitution of 1871, the German Empire of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a federal state. The governments of the center (the Reich) and the federal states pursued a fiscal policy that had some features of “proto-competitive” federalism. Over the subsequent fifty years, however, German federalism evolved toward fiscal federalism. This transition was finally consolidated during 1919 and 1920 due to some endogenous factors and even more to exogenous ones. The article is based on statistical material as well as research from various studies,

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Krovelshchikova, Valeria V. "The Austrian constitutional model of the division of competence between the Federation and the Lands." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 52 (2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/52/2.

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The constitutional development of the Austrian state at the turn of the XIX – early XX centuries was characterized by a combination of centralist and federalist tendencies. One of the controversial issues during the monarchy, and later in the First Austrian Republic, was the issue of the division of competence between the central government and its constituent parts. The Austrian half of the monarchy (Cisleithania), despite the long tradition of separate crown lands, was a unitary state, although decentralized. The division of competence between the center and the lands was based on the Februa

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Tóth, Imre. "Német-Ausztria születése: 1918. november 12." Acta Scientiarum Socialium, no. 48 (February 15, 2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33566/asc.2754.

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On this November day, politicians and offices of the Austrian state that was being formed since mid-October made their decision on the new provisional constitution. As a result, German-Austria chose republic as the form of state. Therefore, the date is considered to be the birthday of the republic of Austria. In our paper, we present the November 12 events in Vienna and the decisions of the Austrian politicians, thus sketching the birth of German-Austria

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Maciejewski, Marek. "Wódz, naród, rasa. Ideologiczne przesłanki nazistowskich koncepcji prawa." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 39, no. 1 (2017): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.39.1.2.

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THE LEADER, THE NATION AND THE RACE. IDEOLOGICAL PREMISES OF THE NAZI CONCEPT OF LAW The subject matter of the article is devoted to discussing the ideological premises of the content, aims, and functions of Nazi law from the perspective of the legal theoreticians and practitioners of the Third Reich. Firstly, the significance and role of the supreme leader the Führer of the National Socialists and Germany in asingle person, namely Adolf Hitler, is discussed. The legal doctrine of the Nazi state perceived him — just as he did himself — to be the basic source of law and treated his political

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Селезнев, Федор Александрович, and Fedor Aleksandrovich Seleznev. "Foreign Policy Doctrine of the Kadets on the Eve of the First World War: Discussion Questions." Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography 8, no. 1 (2015): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102388-00800004.

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The article analyzes views of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) on Russia’s foreign policy before 1914. The article shows that the Kadets favored an alliance with England, and never supported Russian diplomatic attempts to maneuver between the Allies and the Central Powers. Any political contacts between Russia and Germany immediately elicited a negative reaction from the Kadet press.

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Trask, April. "Remaking Men: Masculinity, Homosexuality and Constitutional Medicine in Germany, 1914–1933." German History 36, no. 2 (2018): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghy013.

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Lubotina, Paul. "The Springs of Democracy: National and Transnational Debates on Constitutional Reform in the British, German, Swedish, and Finnish Parliaments, 1917–1919." Journal of Finnish Studies 23, no. 1 (2019): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.23.1.10.

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