Relevant bibliographies by topics / Constitutive practices

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Constitutive practices'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Constitutive practices"

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Lueg, Klarissa, and Peter Kastberg. "Communication as constitutive of work practices." Communication & Language at Work 5, no. 1 (September 9, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/claw.v5i1.108095.

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Henriksen, Ida Marie, Marianne Skaar, and Aksel Tjora. "The Constitutive Practices of Public Smartphone Use." Societies 10, no. 4 (October 10, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10040078.

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The smartphone has become the most ubiquitous piece of personal technology, giving it significant social importance and sociological relevance. In this article, we explore how the smartphone interacts with and impacts social interaction in the setting of the urban café. Through analyzing 52 spontaneous in-depth interviews related to social interaction in cafés, we identify three categories of smartphone use in social settings: interaction suspension, deliberately shielding interaction, and accessing shareables. These categories comprise the constitutive smartphone practices that define the social order of public smartphone use within an interactionist sociological framework.
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García-Carpintero, Manuel. "Conventions and Constitutive Norms." Journal of Social Ontology 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2019-0013.

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AbstractThe paper addresses a popular argument that accounts of assertion in terms of constitutive norms are incompatible with conventionalism about assertion. The argument appeals to an alleged modal asymmetry: constitutive rules are essential to the acts they characterize, and therefore the obligations they impose necessarily apply to every instance; conventions are arbitrary, and thus can only contingently regulate the practices they establish. The paper argues that this line of reasoning fails to establish any modal asymmetry, by invoking the distinction between the non-discriminating existence across possible worlds of types (“blueprints”, as Rawls called them) of practices and institutions defined by constitutive rules, and the discriminating existence of those among them that are actually in force, and hence truly normative. The necessity of practices defined by constitutive rules that the argument relies on concerns the former, while conventionalist claims are only about the latter. The paper should thus contribute to get a better understanding of what social constructs conceived as defined by constitutive norms are. It concludes by suggesting considerations that are relevant to deciding whether assertion is in fact conventional.
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Vargas, Manuel. "Constitutive Instrumentalism and the Fragility of Responsibility." Monist 104, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onab010.

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Abstract Constitutive instrumentalism is the view that responsibility practices arise from and are justified by our being prosocial creatures who need responsibility practices to secure specific kinds of social goods. In particular, responsibility practices shape agency in ways that disposes adherence to norms that enable goods of shared cooperative life. The mechanics of everyday responsibility practices operate, in part, via costly signaling about the suitability of agents for coordination and cooperation under conditions of shared cooperative life. So, there are a range of identifiable conditions where the ordinary operation of responsibility practices—and thus, the usual normative force of the practices—is disrupted. Even so, these conditions are not so widespread as to favor a more thoroughgoing abandonment of responsibility practices.
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Gehring, Thomas, and Thomas Dörfler. "Constitutive mechanisms of UN Security Council practices: Precedent pressure, ratchet effect, and council action regarding intrastate conflicts." Review of International Studies 45, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000268.

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AbstractBased upon the current debate on international practices with its focus on taken-for-granted everyday practices, we examine how Security Council practices may affect member state action and collective decisions on intrastate conflicts. We outline a concept that integrates the structuring effect of practices and their emergence from interaction among reflective actors. It promises to overcome the unresolved tension between understanding practices as a social regularity and as a fluid entity. We analyse the constitutive mechanisms of two Council practices that affect collective decisions on intrastate conflicts and elucidate how even reflective Council members become enmeshed with the constraining implications of evolving practices and their normative implications. (1) Previous Council decisions create precedent pressure and give rise to a virtually uncontested permissive Council practice that defines the purview for intervention into such conflicts. (2) A ratcheting practice forces opponents to choose between accepting steadily reinforced Council action, as occurred regarding Sudan/Darfur, and outright blockade, as in the case of Syria. We conclude that practices constitute a source of influence that is not captured by the traditional perspectives on Council activities as the consequence of geopolitical interests or of externally evolving international norms like the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P).
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Watson, Rod. "Constitutive Practices and Garfinkel’s Notion of Trust: Revisited." Journal of Classical Sociology 9, no. 4 (November 2009): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x09344453.

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This article is intended to reinstate, in at least a prefatory way, some ethnomethodological (EM) considerations concerning trust. The idea of constitutive practices — as it was taken up in Garfinkel’s sociology — turned on trust as a background condition for mutually intelligible action. Starting with a consideration of Garfinkel’s 1963 study of trust, the article critically considers some formal analytic alternates to his approach. The aspects of trust that are ‘elusive’ to the formal-analytic approach are shown to result from its allusive treatment by formal analysis. In Garfinkel’s hands trust is not elusive. The critique of formal analytic studies builds on Garfinkel’s writings and certain strands of analytic and ordinary language philosophy. These sources ground the author’s suggestion that the study of trust be taken up again, albeit along respecified analytic lines. Examples are given, both of an EM and conversation-analytic (CA) kind.
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Arancibia Martínez, Leticia, and Gloria Cáceres Julio. "La reflexividad como dispositivo crítico en la práctica del Trabajo Social." Trabajo Social Global-Global Social Work 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/tsg-gsw.v2i3.916.

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Reconociendo las diversas construcciones teórico-prácticas del objeto del Trabajo social, así como la posición que éste ha ocupado históricamente en la división socio-técnica del trabajo, el artículo plantea la práctica del Trabajo social como una práctica social. Desde tal premisa, se postula el desarrollo de prácticas reflexivas y se aborda el concepto de reflexividad como elemento constitutivo de las mismas, lo que permite reconocer en un doble movimiento la necesaria interrogación, develando los marcos de lectura, los intereses e intencionalidades del profesional y de los otros actores implicados en la práctica social. En este sentido, la reflexividad como eje constitutivo de la práctica nos remite a ella como praxis, posibilitando generar procesos de transformación y no sólo la reproducción de lo existente.This paper proposes that the practice in Social Work is a social practice itself, taking into account both the diversity of theoretical-practice constructions of the object of Social Work, as well as the position that it is has historically occupied within the social-technical division of work. From this perspective, the paper stands up for development of reflexive practices, from a concept of reflexivity that is the constitutive element of such practices. It let us recognize a necessary questioning with a double movement regarding the reading frames, interests and purposes of both the professional and the rest of actors involved in social practice. In this sense, reflexivity is a constitutive axe of practice remits us to it as praxis. This makes it possible to generate processes of transformation beyond the existing reproduction.
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Greenberg, Mark. "ON PRACTICES AND THE LAW." Legal Theory 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325206060253.

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In a recent paper, “How Facts Make Law,” I launch an attack on a fundamental doctrine of legal positivism. I argue that nonnormative facts cannot themselves constitutively determine the content of the law. In a response published in this journal, Ram Neta defends the view that nonnormative social facts are sufficient to determine normative facts, including both moral and legal facts. Neta's paper provides a useful opportunity to address a spelled-out version of this view, which in various forms is widely held in philosophy of law and other areas of philosophy. I begin by addressing Neta's attempts to show that descriptive facts can alone determine moral and legal facts. First, Neta's account of why it is wrong to break promises fails. In addition to other problems, it begs the question by taking for granted that a person's desires or other motivational states necessarily justify the actions that they motivate. Next, I turn to Neta's attempt to provide a counterexample to my view about law. In my original paper, I claim that the nature of the constitutive determination relation in the legal domain is what I callrational determination. Roughly speaking, a full constitutive account of the legal facts must include reasons that explain the relation between the determining facts and the legal facts. The facts on which Neta's putative counterexample depends cannot be reasons of the required sort because they take for granted what they are supposed to explain—the way in which nonnormative social facts contribute to the content of the law. Finally, I address the larger issue of how far my argument applies to other domains. I consider and reject Neta's argument that purports to show that all normative domains have the relevant features of the legal domain. I then sketch a competing picture of some normative domains.
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Larner, Wendy, and Richard Le Heron. "The Spaces and Subjects of a Globalising Economy: A Situated Exploration of Method." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20, no. 6 (December 2002): 753–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d284t.

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In this paper we aspire to develop a situated method in order to interrogate the spaces and subjects of the globalising economy. In our brief review of the social science literatures on economic globalisation, we identify a promising intellectual convergence around the theme of imaginaries. We develop an argument that global imaginaries involve both discourses and practices that are, in turn, constitutive of new spaces and subjects. We identify the particular significance of calculative practices such as benchmarking and allied techniques in constituting global imaginaries in the New Zealand context. We then demonstrate how our method might inform a case study of the globalising retail-banking sector by revealing multiple spaces and subjects. In analysing the emergence of new economic spaces and subjectivities in this way, our aim is to give situated content to the concept of global imaginaries and to make visible the constitutive power of governing practices.
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Sun, Hao. "Shifting practices and emerging patterns: Telephone service encounters in Shanghai." Language in Society 41, no. 4 (August 23, 2012): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404512000498.

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AbstractThis study explores the dynamic nature of language in context, utilizing two sets of comparable Chinese discourse data of telephone service encounters collected in the same community a decade apart. It describes and characterizes current business practices and identifies shifts in discursive practices in light of the patterns observed in the past. Observed changes include constitutive components of the global structure, local realization of the structural elements, and interaction dynamics as a result of changed, redefined contexts and realigned footings. I propose that observed shifts may represent and constitute in part the emergence in the community of the reconstruction, or reshaping, of a more distinctive telephone service encounter (TSE) spoken genre and related discursive features. With the adoption of more recognizable boundary markers, shifts in discursive practice of telephone service encounters in Shanghai may result in openings with distinguishable features from calls made to residences. (Discourse analysis, service encounter, practice, telephone in business, China, spoken genre)*
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constitutive practices"

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Bay, Charlotta. "Making Accounting Matter : A Study of the Constitutive Practices of Accounting Framers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172680.

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The idea of accounting as a constitutive means, making people think and act in particular ways, is well established in the social strand of accounting literature. In professional organisations, for example, accounting is claimed to be critical to processes of turning people into rational and responsible economic actors. However, this thesis refocuses the empirical attention away from the organisation and into the private sphere of people’s everyday financial lives. As this is a field partly inhabited by people who for various reasons are believed to have difficulty in making sense of financial accounts, a dilemma arises regarding how to influence people’s way of managing their own finances by means of accounting information. How this dilemma is assumed to be resolved in order to make accounting matter is the query of this thesis. Through a study of four cases, the thesis investigates the practices of public authorities, a television makeover show, and a pension insurance company – here referred to as accounting framers – whose task it is to construct accounting in such a way so as to make it come across as important, relevant and useful to various groups of the general public. By examining how people’s accounting interpretations are elaborated in order to make them responsive to financial accounts, the thesis contributes to problematising the constitutive role of accounting and the conditions believed to enable it to turn people into financially responsible actors.
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Raschdorf, Ann-Christin. "Transcending discourses on violence : peace constitutive practices of truth, justice and authenticity in Rwanda, 1998-2002." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3030/.

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This thesis is a critical theory based investigation into communicative and normative preconditions for peace. It is a theoretical inquiry into questions of argumentative truth, justice and authenticity and their relevance for conflict resolution and transformative peace-building. Following Habermas, it explores the formal argumentative requirements for peace and examines corresponding cognitive and societal/perceptual prerequisites for its intra- and interpersonal realisation. In this context, it identifies conceptual spaces of violence that impair peaceful interaction. It scrutinizes the communicative dynamics of transformative change and moral actor-hood from a critical theory perspective. It raises questions of communicative and moral learning, reasoning and structural change. It seeks to identify and explain formal-argumentative procedural correlations in the dialogical set-up of truth-seeking, norm-setting and norm-enforcing entities and argues for institutional complementarity and coherence. It calls for a conscious transition of normative and communicative barriers between conflict transformation efforts at community, national and international level and specifies theoretical alternatives to the present functionalist peace-building discourse in the form of a critical theory based model to conflict transformation. Some of these theoretical assumptions will be illustrated by the example of Rwanda.
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Carlin, Andrew Philip. "On the linguistic constitution of research practices." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26671.

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This thesis explores sociologists' routine research activities, including observation, participant observation, interviewing, and transcription. It suggests that the constitutive activities of sociological research methods - writing field-notes, doing looking and categorising, and the endogenous structure of members' ordinary language transactions are suffused with culturally methodic, i.e. ordinary language activities. "Membership categories" are the ordinary organising practices of description that society-members - including sociologists - routinely use in assembling sense of settings. This thesis addresses the procedural bases of activities which are constituent features of the research: disguising identities of informants, reviewing literature, writing-up research outcomes, and compiling bibliographies. These activities are themselves loci of practical reasoning. Whilst these activities are assemblages of members' cultural methods, they have not been recognised as "research practices" by methodologically ironic sociology. The thesis presents a series of studies in Membership Categorisation Analysis. Using both sequential and membership categorisational aspects of Conversation Analysis, as well as textual analysis of published research, this thesis examines how members' cultural practices coincide with research practices. Data are derived from a period of participant observation in an organisation, video-recordings of the organisation's work; and interviews following the 1996 bombing in Manchester. A major, cumulative theme within this thesis is confidentiality - within an organisation, within a research project and within sociology itself. Features of confidentiality are explored through ethnographic observation, textual analysis and Membership Categorisation Analysis. Membership Categorisation Analysis brings seen-but-unnoticed features of confidentiality into relief. Central to the thesis are the works of Edward Rose, particularly his ethnographic inquiries of Skid Row, and Harvey Sacks, on the cultural logic shared by society-members. Rose and Sacks explicate the visibility and recognition of members' activities to other members, and research activities as linguistic activities.
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Sun, Wenxian. "A dual constitutive communication-based model for managerial practice diffusion." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2676.

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In the current research of managerial practice diffusion, discussions on how to understand and manage diffusion changes have been made primarily by drawing on institutional, rhetorical and systems theories for the reason that each of them seems to suggest a “mechanism” for diffusion. For instance, institutional theory suggests that diffusion is a changing process during which an organisation will continuously adapt itself to the outside environment in order to keep itself survival. Based on a rhetorical perspective, for which rhetoric plays an important role in diffusion, the achievement of a practice's diffusion/adoption relies on a three-period rhetorical justification which follows a Pathos-Logos-Ethos sequence. In the domain of systems theories, if diffusion is taken as a social system's reproduction, communication thus has a unique position in constituting such a system through autopoiesis (self-creation). Through comparing the above diffusion “mechanisms” suggested by different theories, it is found that some understandings for diffusion are shared in common. For example, a practice has to be legitimised in order to be diffused; communications for diffusions involve a process of filtering and creating meanings. Moreover, through analysing these “mechanisms”, the advantages and inadequacies of each can be recognised. Based on the analysis, the most outstanding issue identified is that for understanding and managing diffusion changes, a constitutive ontology that enables explorations on both people and diffusion circumstances (i.e. an organisation and its environment) is required. In this thesis, such an ontology is believed to be a social-constructionist-based one. A social-constructionist perspective assumes that the concepts of object and subject are connected in a “duality” rather than a “dualism”, and according to which, a practice is constituted during its diffusion, or in other words, it is constituted in people's action of teaching and learning this practice. Furthermore, such a constitutive process is accomplished in people's diffusion communications, which simultaneously construct a circumstance that either enables or constrains a diffusion change. In the discussion of how a constitutive communication works for diffusion, “communication duality” is defined in the sense that communication is a diffusion tool for justifying a practice which can be structured in a rhetorical way; it also selects and processes meanings of a practice relying on people's existing knowledgeabilities as a sensemaking-sensegiving (SM-SG) process. Consequently, an incorporated practice diffusion model based on a social-constructionist perspective is built which aims to suggest how a diffusion change can be enacted as well as how it can be analysed in practical terms. In the light of social constructionism, for which a researcher's ontology and epistemology jointly build each other, this thesis applies a self-ethnography strategy which follows a “SISI” (Survey-Immerse-Share-Integrate) methodology to analyse a real case of practice diffusion. The author's personal insights from this study suggest how a practice diffusion can be improved, as well as how a diffusion model can be enriched. In addition, the author's self-reflections on this research present how a communication research for practice diffusion could “constitute” a practice, and hence to help or inhibit its diffusion.
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Dunst, Brian W. "Embodying Social Practice: Dynamically Co-Constituting Social Agency." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4473.

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Theories of cognition and theories of social practices and institutions have often each separately acknowledged the relevance of the other; but seldom have there been consistent and sustained attempts to synthesize these two areas within one explanatory framework. This is precisely what my dissertation aims to remedy. I propose that certain recent developments and themes in philosophy of mind and cognitive science, when understood in the right way, can explain the emergence and dynamics of social practices and institutions. Likewise, the view I construct explains how social practices and institutions shape the character of cognition of their constituent agents. Moreover, I explain both cognitive and social agency under the single explanatory framework provided by Dynamic Systems Theory. Drawing upon the phenomenological tradition, "embodied, "extended", "embedded", "enactive", and "ecological" approaches to cognition, as well as the conceptual resources of Dynamic Systems Theory, I construct a theory of agency that sees cognitive and social agents as far-from-equilibrium, open, recursively self-maintenant dynamic systems. Depending on the specifics of concrete circumstances, such systems, which I call "Dynamic Embodied Agents" (or DEAs), may develop and possess emergent capacities for error-detection, flexible learning, normative behavior, representation, self-reflection, various modes of pattern-recognition, a temporal sense of self, and even moral responsibility. Some such systems are also sensitive to perceived social influences (practices and institutions); while reciprocally constituting and causally affecting them.
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Dabeet, Antone E. "A practical model for load-unload-reload cycles on sand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4082.

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The behaviour of sands during loading has been studied in great detail. However, little work has been devoted to understanding the response of sands in unloading. Drained triaxial tests indicate that, contrary to the expected elastic behaviour, sand often exhibit contractive behaviour when unloaded. Undrained cyclic simple shear tests show that the increase in pore water pressure generated during the unloading cycle often exceeds that generated during loading. The tendency to contract upon unloading is important in engineering practice as an increase in pore water pressure during earthquake loading could result in liquefaction. This research contributes to filling the gap in our understanding of soil behaviour in unloading and subsequent reloading. The approach followed includes both theoretical investigation and numerical implementation of experimental observations of stress dilatancy in unload-reload loops. The theoretical investigation is done at the micromechanical level. The numerical approach is developed from observations from drained triaxial compression tests. The numerical implementation of yield in unloading uses NorSand — a hardening plasticity model based on the critical state theory, and extends upon previous understanding. The proposed model is calibrated to Erksak sand and then used to predict the load-unload-reload behaviour of Fraser River sand. The trends predicted from the theoretical and numerical approaches match the experimental observations closely. Shear strength is not highly affected by unload-reload loops. Conversely, volumetric changes as a result of unloading-reloading are dramatic. Volumetric strains in unloading depend on the last value of stress ratio (q/p’) in the previous loading. It appears that major changes in particles arrangement occur once peak stress ratio is exceeded. The developed unload-reload model requires three additional input parameters, which were correlated to the monotonic parameters, to represent hardening in unloading and reloading and the effect of induced fabric changes on stress dilatancy. The calibrated model gave accurate predictions for the results of triaxial tests with load-unload-reload cycles on Fraser River sand.
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Norberg, Katarina. "The School as a Moral Arena : Constitutive values and deliberation in Swedish curriculum practice." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Pedagogiska institutionen, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-273.

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Westbrook, Gennie Burleson. "Effective Practices in Citizenship Education; We the People: The Citizen and the Constitution." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42673.

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We the Peopleâ ¦The Citizen and the Constitution is a course of study that enhances the civic knowledge, skills, and dispositions that lead to responsible citizenship. The curriculum, published by the Center for Civic Education, is intended for students in grades 5, 8, and high school. Students prepare for a mock congressional hearing in which they testify in response to questions about the philosophy and application of the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. This project includes a history of civic education, a matrix showing a comparison of civic participation theories, and an examination of certain practices in 102 high school classes that participate in the Centerâ s nation-wide competition, as well as comments from teachers who use the curriculum in other contexts. I compare classes that usually win their stateâ s competition and go on to the national meet, or â Championship programsâ to competitive classes that are historically less successful. Results of my comparison indicate that there are few important differences between the more successful groups and the less successful groups, and that those differences primarily center on the experience and academic strengths of the teacher. My interpretation of this outcome is that there is little to prevent any teacher from improving his/her skills to more effectively teach citizenship in this outstanding program.
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Kiran, Asle H. "The Primacy of Action : Technological co-constitution of practical space." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5586.

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Clarke, James Richard. "Discourse and practice : the constitution and deployment of contemporary learning disability care." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d6ee8f3f-eb35-4b5e-ac56-c7f40845133d.

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This thesis engages with the relationship between discourse and practice within the context of contemporary learning disability care. Three key points are made. Firstly, by reading contemporary learning disability policy through Foucault's work on biopower I argue that a discursive rationality that works by acting upon and alt~ring the actions of people with a learning disability is being produced. I critically analyse three mentalities (choice, inclusion and self-knowledge), that are key to this rationale, and show that they discursively operate by fixing normative assumptions about learning disability. This is because these mentalities are shown to deploy idealised assumptions about how normal individuals live producing a normative basis for learning disability care. By exposing the contingent nature of these discourses I challenge the danger that they become solidified or naturalised. Secondly, by drawing from interview testimony with practitioners I argue that the discursive constitution of these mentalities is enacted differently in different practices and exceeds the discursive rationality and normative assumptions that policy produces. By using the work of Mol I show that foregrounding practices exposes the situational differences that constitute how each of the mentalities emerges in practice. Applying the work of Deleuze I show that not subsuming performative difference into pre-determined narratives allows the potential for novelty to emerge. Thirdly, I apply the narrative of discourse and practice, staged in the context of contemporary learning disability support, to wider debates and show that this application can help destabilize prescriptions that govern not only those with a learning disability but also each and every one of us. I argue that there is always a performative tension between discourse and practice because discursive deployments simultaneously structure practical enactments but are always resisted and exceeded in these enactments. Crucially I show that this tension needs to be embraced and not ignored.
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Books on the topic "Constitutive practices"

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O'Neill, C. M. (Christine M.), author, ed. Scotland's constitution: Law and practice. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Bloomsbury Professional, 2015.

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Abhaya, Kashyap, ed. Indian presidency: Constitution, law & practice. Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2012.

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Ali, Ahmed. Theory & practice of Bangladesh Constitution. Dhaka: H.A. Publisher, 1998.

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M, O'Neill C., ed. Scotland's constitution: Law and practice. 2nd ed. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Bloomsbury Professional, 2009.

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Himsworth, Chris. Scotland's constitution: Law and practice. 2nd ed. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Bloomsbury Professional, 2009.

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M, O'Neill C., ed. Scotland's constitution: Law and practice. London: LexisNexis UK, 2003.

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Yin, Zhen-Yu, Pierre-Yves Hicher, and Yin-Fu Jin. Practice of Constitutive Modelling for Saturated Soils. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6307-2.

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Boryszewski, Ralph. The constitution that never was: How the American people have been conned by lawyers. [Rochester, N.Y.] (P.O. Box 17699, Rochester 14617): R. Boryszewski, 1995.

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Oregon. Dept. of Veterans' Affairs. Constitution & laws. Salem, Or: Oregon Dept. of Veterans' Affairs, 1996.

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Oregon. Dept. of Veterans' Affairs. Constitution & laws. [Salem, Or.]: Oregon Dept. of Veterans' Affairs, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Constitutive practices"

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McMillan, Kevin. "Constitutive relations and constitutive theory." In The Constitution of Social Practices, 145–56. 1st Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Philosophy and method in the social sciences: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315179902-8.

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Frost, Mervyn. "Constitutive Theory and Moral Accountability: Individuals, Institutions, and Dispersed Practices." In Can Institutions Have Responsibilities?, 84–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403938466_6.

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Rawls, Anne Warfield. "Durkheim’s Self-Regulating “Constitutive” Practices: An Unexplored Critical Relevance to Racial Justice, Consensus Thinking, and the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Durkheim & Critique, 227–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75158-6_8.

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Higgins, Marc. "The Homework of Response-Ability in Science Education." In Unsettling Responsibility in Science Education, 53–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61299-3_2.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to introduce response-ability as a concept and practice to (re)open science education’s understanding and enactments of responsibility towards Indigenous ways-of-living-with-nature (IWLN) and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). This is significant as even well-intentioned forms of responsibility are often and inadvertently over-coded by the (neo-)colonial logics that it sets out to refuse and resist: responsibility and the ability to respond are often not one and the same. Within this chapter, I revisit a significant personal pedagogical encounter in which this distinction made itself felt and known. Thinking with the work of Sami scholar Rauna Kuokkanen, this narrative provides a platform to explore practices of epistemic ignorance and its (co-)constitutive relation to knowledge, as well as what she refers to as “the homework of response-ability” required to (re)open the norms of responsiveness towards the possibility of heeding the call of Indigenous science from within the structure of science education. Concluding thoughts underscore the promise of deconstruction (rather than destruction) as a theoretical, methodological, and ethical tool to resist the (fore)closure of responsibility towards hospitably receiving Indigenous science on its own terms.
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McMillan, Kevin. "What are practices?" In The Constitution of Social Practices, 20–35. 1st Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Philosophy and method in the social sciences: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315179902-2.

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Higgins, Marc. "Unsettling Metaphysics in Science Education." In Unsettling Responsibility in Science Education, 3–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61299-3_1.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to introduce the relation between Western modern science and Indigenous ways-of-knowing-in-being as it manifests within spaces of science education: as simultaneously co-constitutive and othering. In turn, unsettling science education is presented as a double(d) approach to address the ways in which settler colonial logics linger and lurk within sedimented and stratified knowledge-practices. As a more nascent approach to the question of Indigenous science within science education, this is expanded upon by drawing from decolonizing and post-colonial approaches. Further, drawing across the two, deconstruction is highlighted as a (meta-)methodological approach to bear witness to the ways in which settler coloniality often manifests as absent presences and to (re)open the space of response within science education towards Indigenous ways-of-knowing-in-being.
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Evans, Richard Prideaux. "Computer Models of Constitutive Social Practice." In Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence, 391–411. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26485-1_23.

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da Costa, Natália Meireles Santos, Maria Clotilde Rossetti-Ferreira, and Ana Maria de Araujo Mello. "Providing Outdoor Experiences for Infants and Toddlers: Pedagogical Possibilities and Challenges from a Brazilian Early Childhood Education Centre Case Study." In International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development, 43–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72595-2_3.

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AbstractIntense urbanization process in Brazil and Latin America has increasingly limited young children, since birth, to access outdoor spaces, especially green areas. Moreover, as conceptions of babies in domestic care support confinement practices, apprehending infants’ constitutive specificities as being intertwined with broader socio-cultural contexts requires further investigation. Notwithstanding the challenges, Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) institutions can be promising places to provide babies with daily contacts and appropriation of external areas amid an expanded collective experience. This chapter tackles the process of insertion and appropriation of outdoor spaces for infants and toddlers. We bring a case study from a Brazilian daycare centre with planned multiple outdoor environments, diversified spatial arrangements and natural elements. The empirical material, referring to the transition year of a group of under-twos, includes monthly recordings of everyday routine, interviews, field notes, institutional documents. We describe and analyze various outdoor spaces and socio-spatial practices of the daycare centre based on the cultural-historical perspective of the Network of Meanings. In the first semester, environments organized in semi-open areas connected to closed spaces were more frequently used. Whereas mainly in the second semester, given walking onset and greater motor resourcefulness, the going and appropriation of green areas unfolded as a gradual process not short of struggles. Substantial planning, projects and educational situations put forward by multiple social actors within a multidisciplinary approach modulated alternation of spaces and facilitated exchanges with peers, older children and adults – including family members.
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Sanford, George. "The Active Constitution in Practice." In Democratic Government in Poland, 208–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907578_8.

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Łodygowski, Tomasz. "Selected Constitutive Relations in Practical Computations." In Advances in Constitutive Relations Applied in Computer Codes, 261–314. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99709-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Constitutive practices"

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Turner, Adam W., William G. Davids, and Michael L. Peterson. "Experimental Methods to Determine the Constitutive Properties of Fabric Inflatable Structures." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16299.

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In an effort to reduce deployment cost and time, the military is taking a closer look at how to more efficiently deploy and construct their shelters. In support of this effort, one current research topic is lightweight inflatable structures used for maintenance and shelter. While inflatable fabric structures are not new, recent developments have vastly improved the load-carrying capability and durability of these structures, allowing them to replace traditional framed tent structures. This is due in large part to the development of inflated structural members called airbeams, which are essentially pressurized fabric tubes with an impermeable internal bladder. The working pressures of the structural airbeams are upwards of 592 kPa. There are two major types of airbeams; woven and braided. The woven beams generally operate at lower pressures (69-296 kPa), while the more recently developed braided beams operate at much higher pressures (296-592 kPa). Since the technology of airbeams is relatively new, there are few standard material tests for determining the fabric constitutive properties necessary for airbeam design. This represents a significant barrier to their efficient implementation. This paper will present the current state of the art in relevant areas of textile testing and describe test practices useful for identifying the constitutive properties of the airbeam fabrics. In addition, preliminary testing of inflated airbeams will also be presented, and the results discussed.
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Ramaglia, Alessandro D. "Application of a Smooth Approximation of the Schmid’s Law to a Single Crystal Gas Turbine Blade: Part 1—Theory and Governing Equations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68848.

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In industrial practice, the choice of the most suitable material model does not solely rely on the ability of the model in describing the intended phenomena. Most of the choice is often based on a trade-off between a great variety of factors. Robustness, cost and time for the minimum testing campaign necessary to identify the model and pre-existing standard practices are only a few of them. This is particularly true in the case of nonlinear structural analyses because of their intrinsic difficulties and the higher level of skills needed to carefully exploit their full potential. So, despite the great progress in this field, in certain cases it is desirable to use plasticity models that are rate-independent and possess very simple hardening terms. This is for example the case in which long term creep can be an issue or when the designer may want to treat separately different phenomena contributing to inelastic deformation. If the material to be modelled is isotropic, commercial FE packages are able to deal with such problems in almost every case. On the contrary for anisotropic materials like Ni-based super-alloys cast as single crystals, the choice of the designer is more limited and despite the large amount of research literature on the subject, single crystal constitutive models remain quite difficult to handle, to implement into FE codes, to calibrate and to validate. Such difficulties, coupled with the unavoidable approximations introduced by any model, often force the practice of using oversimplifications of the material behaviour. In what follows this problem is addressed by showing how single crystal plasticity modelling can be reduced to the adoption of an anisotropic elastic behaviour with a sort of von Mises yield surface.
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Hodapp, David P., Matthew D. Collette, and Armin W. Troesch. "The Significance of Storm Avoidance on Macroscopic Fatigue Crack Growth." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23375.

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Ship weather routing is routinely employed to assist ship-masters in avoiding storms. During these storms, however, both material and hydrodynamic nonlinearities grow with the significant wave height (Hs). Hence, to fully understand the importance of weather routing, it may be necessary to go beyond a conventional spectral-based fatigue analysis which incorporates a linear damage hypothesis (i.e., the Palmgren-Miner rule). To this end, the present paper examines macroscopic fatigue crack growth in which the nonlinear phenomena omitted in current design practices are included. We start by considering time-dependent ship structural loading sequences which include non-linear wave-induced bending and whipping responses taken from time-domain seakeeping simulations. These stresses are then analyzed using a fatigue crack growth model previously developed by the authors [1] in which material hysteresis is included using a mechanistic rather than phenomenological approach based on numerical simulations requiring only experimentally measured fatigue crack growth rates under constant amplitude cyclic loading (e.g., ASTM E647-13) and a full material constitutive model defined through experimental push-pull tests for the same material. Using this approach, we quantify the importance of weather routing by systematically substituting storms above a certain threshold with more moderate sea conditions.
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Prior, Julia, Toni Robertson, and John Leaney. "Situated Software Development: Work Practice and Infrastructure Are Mutually Constitutive." In 2008 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering ASWEC. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aswec.2008.4483204.

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Wang, Guangyue, Yun Wang, and Xinlei Shan. "Creep Constitutive Model Building and Practical Research of Geosynthetics." In Fourth Geo-China International Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480113.015.

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Hasanova, Aytakin. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMAL CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN." In PROCEEDİNGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL CONFERENCE GENETIC DISEASES CONSEQUENCES AND TREATMENT: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES. IRETC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/gdct05.

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Danilova, Valeriia Iurevna. "The Problem of the Best Constitution in Aristotle's "Politics"." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-508651.

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In the paper the proper constitutions of Aristotle's "Politics" are compared. The author concludes that Aristotle preferred aristocracy and polity which are much alike. Being a realist Aristotle knew that aristocracy and polity were rear in practice and not suitable for all the nations.
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Tertyshnyi, Vadim Alekseevich. "Legal problems of the Russian Constitution of 1993." In V International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-470872.

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Stebner, Aaron, Joseph Krueger, Anselm J. Neurohr, David C. Dunand, L. Catherine Brinson, James H. Mabe, and Frederick T. Calkins. "Light-Weight, Fast-Cycling, Shape-Memory Actuation Structures." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-4988.

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While bulk shape memory alloys (SMAs) have proven a successful means for creating adaptive aerospace structures in many demonstrations, including live flight tests, the time required to cool such actuators has been identified as a property that could inhibit their commercial implementation in some circumstances. To determine best practices for improving cooling times, several approaches to increase the surface area and reduce the mass of existing bulk actuator technologies have been examined. Specifically, geometries created using traditional milling and EDM techniques were compared with micro-channel geometries made possible by a new electrochemical milling process developed at Northwestern. The latter technique involves imbedding steel space-holders in a matrix of NiTi powders, hot isostatic pressing the preform into a dense composite, and then electro-chemically dissolving the steel. Thus, in a two-step process, it is possible to create an actuation structure with numerous micro-channels with excellent control of geometry, shape, size and placement, to reduce weight and increase surface area (and thus decrease response time) without compromising actuator performance. In this paper, the new, lighter-weight, faster cycling shape-memory alloy actuation structures resulting from each technique are reviewed. Their performances are compared and contrasted through the results of a numerical study conducted with a 3D SMA constitutive law developed specifically to handle the complex, non-proportional loadings that arise in porous structures. It is shown that using micro-channel technology, cooling times are significantly reduced relative to traditional machining techniques for the same amount of mass reduction.
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Balogun, Olaniyi A., and Changki Mo. "Shape Memory Polymers: Viscoelastic Thermomechanical Constitutive Modeling." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7700.

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are known to change their elastic stiffness as they respond to change in induced stimulus such as temperature. Under appropriate loading and pre-deformation, a shape memory effect can be captured as the stimulus change. From the nature of polymers, the pre-deformation can tend to be large and can in turn be memorized by SMPs. Due to this characteristic of SMPs, it makes a great candidate for morphing structures. To analyze complex structures a simple but yet practical constitutive model needs to be developed for commercial engineering application. In this paper, a thermomechanical constitutive model is proposed making use of the standard linear viscoelastic model. The total strain during the shape memorization process is defined by mechanical, thermal and storage strains. The rheological model defined is an elastic element in parallel with a Maxwell element, which in turn are both in series with storage and thermal element. Inclusion of a storage strain within the model reveals the internal strain storage mechanism as the temperature of the material drops. Similar work done in the past requires material parameters that can be arduous to determine in the laboratory. This model proposes a simplified approximate material parameter called a binding factor which accounts for the polymer’s molecular architecture and morphology as the temperature changes. Finally, the model is applied to a four step shape memorization and stress-free recovery process. For this study, the four steps considered are a) Pre-loading of the material at high temperature b) Constant strain fixity c) unconstrained relaxation at low temperature d) unconstrained free strain recovery. The developed model is validated by comparing the predictions to experimental results in literature.
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Reports on the topic "Constitutive practices"

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Robledo, Ana, and Amber Gove. What Works in Early Reading Materials. RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0058.1902.

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Access to books is key to learning to read and sustaining a love of reading. Yet many low- and middle-income countries struggle to provide their students with reading materials of sufficient quality and quantity. Since 2008, RTI International has provided technical assistance in early reading assessment and instruction to ministries of education in dozens of low- and middle-income countries. The central objective of many of these programs has been to improve learning outcomes—in particular, reading—for students in the early grades of primary school. Under these programs, RTI has partnered with ministry staff to produce and distribute evidence-based instructional materials at a regional or national scale, in quantities that increase the likelihood that children will have ample opportunities to practice reading skills, and at a cost that can be sustained in the long term by the education system. In this paper, we seek to capture the practices RTI has developed and refined over the last decade, particularly in response to the challenges inherent in contexts with high linguistic diversity and low operational capacity for producing and distributing instructional materials. These practices constitute our approach to developing and producing instructional materials for early grade literacy. We also touch upon effective planning for printing and distribution procurement, but we do not consider the printing and distribution processes in depth in this paper. We expect this volume will be useful for donors, policymakers, and practitioners interested in improving access to cost-effective, high-quality teaching and learning materials for the early grades.
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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.
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