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Elguera, Curi Rosalio, Saji Nigel Elliott Pilares, and Durand Cecilio Abarca. "Propuesta de mejora de la gestión de la cadena administrativa de logística de la empresa constructora Pacco Constructores S.C.R.L." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/592723.
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Esta tesis tiene como propósito fundamental de ayudar a mejorar la gestión logística de la empresa PACCO CONSTRUCTORES S.C.R.L. Un medio para que la empresa logre ventajas competitivas es mediante la mejora del proceso logístico. Por este motivo, esta tesis trabaja sobre las prácticas erróneas que se consideran más relevantes que se dan en el área logística y sobre las causas que interfieren en su desenvolvimiento. En el CAPITULO I; se desarrollan los aspectos generales, dentro del cual se encuentran el objetivo general, los objetivos específicos y la fundamentación para la realización de la investigación. En el CAPÍTULO II; se amplía los conocimientos básicos mediante el marco teórico, dándose una introducción a lo que es logística y gestión logística en la industria de la construcción, también se habla sobre los diferentes enfoques aceptados para la logística sean éstos el Lean Logistics, PMI (Project Management Institute) y diversos temas que permitirán un mejor entendimiento de la importancia de la logística para el desarrollo de una empresa exitosa. Ya en el CAPITULO III, se estudia el funcionamiento que actualmente presenta la empresa PACCO CONSTRUCTORES S.C.R.L., estudiando y analizando principalmente su modelo logístico, materia de la presenta tesis, para lo cual se recolectó información y documentación del área logística y sus obras ejecutadas, se realizó también encuestas y entrevistas al personal que labora actualmente en la empresa y que tienen un vínculo directo con el área logística, pudiendo encontrarse las principales falencias que se presentan, tales como; el deficiente manejo económico y de flujo de caja, la nula capacitación a su personal del área logística, la deficiente gestión del conocimiento, la falta de aplicación de softwares que permitan un manejo más ordenado de la información logística, etc.; todo lo cual conlleva al retraso en el abastecimiento de materiales para las obras, trayendo consigo un conjunto de pérdidas económicas (en materiales, horas hombre, horas máquina, penalidades por incumplimiento de plazo contractual y mayores gastos generales), dichas pérdidas pudieron ser cuantificadas en el ítem 3.10, tomando como referencia 3 obras ejecutadas por la empresa. Toda la información obtenida y que pudo ser analizada, nos permite entender que actualmente la empresa ha reducido los márgenes de utilidades que espera alcanzar, lo cual pudiera ser contrarrestado con un buen manejo logístico. El identificar, claramente los principales problemas que afectan la logística de la empresa, nos da oportunidades de mejora, que serán tratados en el CAPITULO IV, planteándose 8 propuestas de mejora, siendo éstas: el manejo económico individual de cada proyecto, la sistematización de la información en el área logística, la implementación de la metodología JUST IN TIME, la aplicación de compras abiertas y por consignación, los procedimientos que se pueden seguir para mejorar el flujo de caja de la empresa, el implementar un sistema de control para la adquisición de materiales, planteándose también una metodología para la selección de los proveedores y formación de alianzas estratégicas con los proveedores; finalmente se describe una metodología para la selección y capacitación del personal del área en estudio lo cual permitirá mejorar su desempeño; el implementar las estrategias planteadas contribuirá a mejorar el desempeño de PACCO CONSTRUCTORES S.C.R.L, reduciendo las pérdidas y permitiendo el crecimiento tanto de la empresa como del personal que labora en la misma, lo que se demuestra con una evaluación económica. Finalmente en el capítulo V, se describen las conclusiones y recomendaciones que permitirán la correcta aplicación de las mejoras propuestas y con ello alcanzar el objetivo de la presente tesis que es la mejora de la gestión logística en la empresa PACCO CONSTRUCTORES S.C.R.L.Tesis
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Maurel, Ibañez Sara Nieves. "Relación entre constructos psicológicos y discapacidad funcional y diestrés en subgrupos de pacientes con fibromialgia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565826.
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Objetivo: Estudiar la relación y capacidad predictiva de las variables psicológicas de catastrofización, rendición, aceptación, mindfulness, inflexibilidad psicológica, injusticia percibida, afecto positivo y afecto negativo, sobre la discapacidad funcional y diestrés en pacientes con fibromialgia (FM) y además, analizar el papel mediador de estas variables psicológicas sobre el estado de salud e identificar subgrupos de pacientes con FM. Pacientes y método: Se han incluido en el estudio 251 pacientes afectos de FM según los criterios diagnósticos de la ACR de 1990, atendidos en Atención Primaria de Aragón y valorados en Atención Especializada del Hospital Miguel Servet de Zaragoza. Junto al diagnóstico y el estudio de variables sociodemográficas, se han utilizado diferentes cuestionarios y escalas para evaluar las variables objeto del mismo (psicológicas, impacto físico e impacto emocional). Se utilizó el análisis de correlación de Pearson y el análisis de regresión múltiple con el método Stepwise, así como el procedimiento estadístico de Baron y Kenny con la realización de tres análisis de regresión múltiple y el cumplimiento de 4 requisitos y diferentes análisis clúster para determinar subpoblación de pacientes. Resultados: Se constató asociación estadísticamente significativa (ES) con signo negativo y positivo (p<0,01) entre las variables psicológicas (catastrofización, aceptación, rendición, inflexibilidad, injusticia percibida, mindfulness, afecto positivo y afecto negativo) y las variables de impacto físico o capacidad funcional, así como las variables de ansiedad, depresión y diestrés. La aceptación, afecto positivo, injusticia, afecto negativo y mindfulnes formaron parte del modelo explicativo final, a través del análisis de regresión, con una varianza explicativa del 51% del impacto físico en FM y la rendición, mindfulness, injusticia percibida, catastrofización, el afecto positivo y negativo, formaron parte del modelo explicativo en un 75% de la varianza de la percepción de diestrés. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la aceptación (R²=0,33) y afecto negativo (R²=0,33) en los resultados de salud, medidos a través del impacto físico y emocional en pacientes con FM. La variable mindfulness, mostró un efecto mediador entre afecto negativo e impacto emocional en las pacientes con FM (R²=0,38). Se hallaron diversos clúster de pacientes con FM, con puntuaciones diferentes de dolor, fatiga, calidad del sueño, rigidez, ansiedad, depresión, dificultades en el trabajo y los constructos psicológicos analizados. Conclusión: En los pacientes diagnosticados de FM se comprobó que las variables psicológicas (afecto positivo y afecto negativo, mindfulness, injusticia percibida) tuvieron una contribución relevante en el impacto físico y emocional de los mismos. El afecto negativo y el mindfulnes serían las variables con más impacto en la experiencia de diestres de estos pacientes, constituyendo un objetivo terapéutico en el abordaje y tratamiento de la FM. En la valoración de este paciente es importante utilizar variables clínicas, tales como el dolor, fatiga, dificultad trabajo, calidad del sueño y rigidez y psicológicas vinculadas con la ansiedad y depresión y otros constructos que expresen catastrofización, rendición, injusticia, mindfulness y afecto positivo y negativo, dado que podremos definir la presencia de subgrupos y definir las terapias en cada uno de ellos.Background: To study the relationship and predictive capacity of the psychological variables of catastrophization, surrender, acceptance, mindfulness, psychological inflexibility, perceived injustice, positive affect and negative affect, on functional disability and distress in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and also, analyze the mediating role of these psychological variables on health status and identify subgroups of patients with FM. Patients and method: 251 patients with FM were included in the study according to the diagnostic criteria of the 1990 ACR, attended in Primary Care of Aragon and assessed in Specialized Care of the Miguel Servet Hospital of Zaragoza. Along with the diagnosis and study of sociodemographic variables, different questionnaires and scales have been used to evaluate the variables of the same (psychological, physical impact and emotional impact). The Pearson correlation analysis and the multiple regression analysis with the Stepwise method were used, as well as the statistical procedure of Baron and Kenny with the performance of three multiple regression analyzes and the fulfillment of 4 requirements and different cluster analysis to determine subpopulation of patients. Results: A statistically significant association (ES) with a negative and positive sign (p <0.01) was found among the psychological variables (catastrophization, acceptance, surrender, inflexibility, perceived injustice, mindfulness, positive affect and negative affect) and the variables of physical impact or functional capacity, as well as the variables of anxiety, depression and distress. Acceptance, positive affect, injustice, negative affect and mindfulness were part of the final explanatory model, through regression analysis, with an explanatory variance of 51% of the physical impact on FM and surrender, mindfulness, perceived injustice, catastrophization, positive and negative affect, formed part of the explanatory model in 75% of the variance of the perception of stress. Significant relationships were found between the acceptance (R² = 0.33) and negative affect (R² = 0.33) in the health outcomes, measured through the physical and emotional impact in patients with FM. The variable mindfulness showed a mediating effect between negative affect and emotional impact in patients with FM (R² = 0.38). A diverse cluster of patients with FM was found, with different scores of pain, fatigue, sleep quality, rigidity, anxiety, depression, work difficulties and psychological constructs analyzed. Conclusion: In the patients diagnosed with FM it was found that the psychological variables (positive affect and negative affect, mindfulness, perceived injustice) had a relevant contribution in the physical and emotional impact of them. Negative affect and mindfulness would be the variables with the greatest impact on the experience of these patients' distress, constituting a therapeutic objective in the approach and treatment of FM. In the assessment of this patient it is important to use clinical variables, such as pain, fatigue, work difficulty, quality of sleep and rigidity and psychological linked to anxiety and depression and other constructs that express catastrophization, surrender, injustice, mindfulness and positive affect and negative, since we can define the presence of subgroups and define the therapies in each one of them.
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Uribe-Etxeverría, Vilaza Miguel. "Estudio del desarrollo de una unidad estratégica de negocios para el arriendo de maquinaria para constructoras : "caso Constructora El Alba S.A."." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111360.
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Seminario para optar al grado de Ingenierio ComercialLas necesidades de crecimiento de una empresa compuesta por emprendedores y gente dedicada a su trabajo, es por ley fruto de un trabajo bien realizado. Pasar de ser una pequeña empresa a una mediana o grande, constituye un desafío en un medio de crecimiento como lo es en Chile, en comparación con otras economías de nuestro globo. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar si la integración horizontal de las tareas en el rubro de la construcción de obras civiles, mejora o no la estructura de costos de la compañía. La empresa Constructora El Alba S.A., líder en su rubro en la comuna de Las Condes, ganó la licitación por la construcción de la solución vial del nudo Apoquindo Manquehue. La oportunidad para esta empresa es a través de una nueva unidad de negocios, de la cual nos explayamos en detalle mas adelante, la que otorgará a esta una mayor eficiencia. Si la decisión es correcta, la empresa podrá obtener otro estándar de evaluación dentro del MOP y podrá acceder a otras licitaciones que en un pasado no podía acceder, transformándose en empresa líder en el rubro llegando por consiguiente, a otras licitaciones fuera del ámbito de “Las Condes”, las cuales son la vía de crecimiento de la compañía. El 40% de los costos totales en una determinada obra corresponde al arriendo de maquinaria, siendo su relevancia en el resultado determinante. La idea es integrarse horizontalmente y crear una nueva unidad de negocios, cuya ventaja estará dada porque posee una demanda cautiva no aportando mayores costos a la organización, puesto que existen múltiples sinergias, que representan una oportunidad para la compañía.
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Medina, Alcaraz Juan Carlos. "The Construction of Happiness in Depression." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664683.
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Depression is one of the most prevalent disorders and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Regarding economic implications, depressive disorders have also a large impact on health budgets through both direct and indirect costs. Studies on their clinical course have shown that they often become chronic, a phenomenon related to their high recurrence rates. In addition, it is usual to find other disorders co-occurring with depression. Such comorbidities not only increase its severity, but also decrease response to treatment, and produce further impairment in individuals’ life. A physical disease highly prevalent among people with depressive disorders is fibromyalgia syndrome, a comorbidity that has already been shown to produce a significant impact in daily functioning and wellbeing, and to decrease response to treatment.
The main objective of this thesis was to advance the knowledge on the relationship between depression and self-reported happiness, analysing how several clinical conditions, and the cognitive system involved in the construction of self and others, influenced such relationship. Furthermore, we also tested whether psychotherapy was capable of increasing happiness in individuals with depression. To pursue these objectives, two interrelated studies were conducted. The first study (cross-sectional) gauged the relationship between depression and happiness by comparing a non-clinical sample with 81 participants, a sample of 91 patients with depression, and a sample of 61 with depression plus fibromyalgia syndrome. In the second study (a randomised controlled trial), we analysed how happiness evolved with psychotherapy, comparing two different therapeutic approaches (cognitive-behavioural therapy, and dilemma- focused therapy) delivered to 97 participants.
Results showed that participants with depression were significantly less happy than those in the non-clinical sample, whereas suffering fibromyalgia syndrome comorbid to depression did not have a further detrimental effect. After psychotherapy, large increases in happiness were found among people with depression, regardless their gender, age, civil status, education, labour status, current use of psychotropic medication, and the treatment modality they received. Experiencing cognitive conflicts had a slightly detrimental influence on happiness which, in addition, was negatively correlated with depression severity and psychological distress, and positively with global functioning. Negative self-evaluation and perceived self-isolation showed also a significant association with happiness among participants with depression, whereas having a negative view of others was relevant only for individuals suffering both depression and fibromyalgia syndrome. In turn, only among participants in the non- clinical group, higher levels of happiness were associated with more polarised and unidimensional thinking, and a weak relationship was also observed between the level of happiness attributed to their parents and their own. In general, participants construed being happy as similar to being cheerful, good, and hard-working, and at the same time very different to being sad, bad, and embittered. We also observed a tendency in all participants to construe disliked persons as not happy, while individuals with depression construed themselves similarly as not happy. Finally, increases in happiness with therapy were associated with higher resolution of cognitive conflicts, with more unidimensional thinking, and with improvements in depression severity, psychological distress, global functioning, negative self-evaluation, and perceived self-isolation.
To our knowledge, this thesis constitutes the first study analysing happiness in depressive disorders from a constructivist perspective, which pays especial attention to individuals’ identity and personal meanings. In addition, our results contribute to estimate the effect of psychotherapy for depression in happiness, for which previous data was scarce. Overall, with this thesis we provide evidence for the role of several clinical and cognitive indicators in the experience of happiness, such as psychological distress or interpersonal construct differentiation, and highlight happiness as a relevant focus of work that may be incorporated to the treatment of depression.La depressió és un dels trastorns més prevalents i una de les principals causes de discapacitat a nivell mundial. Pel que fa a les seves implicacions econòmiques, els trastorns depressius també tenen un important impacte en els pressupostos sanitaris a través tant de costos directes com indirectes. Estudis previs sobre el seu curs clínic han mostrat que sovint aquests trastorns es cronifiquen, fenomen relacionat amb la seva elevada recurrència. A més a més, és comú trobar altres trastorns que es presenten de forma conjunta amb la depressió. Una malaltia física altament prevalent entre les persones amb depressió és la fibromiàlgia, comorbiditat que ja ha demostrat tenir un impacte significatiu en el funcionament i el benestar. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi era el d’avançar el coneixement sobre la relació entre la depressió i la felicitat autoinformada, així com comprovar si la psicoteràpia era capaç d’augmentar la felicitat de les persones amb depressió. Per assolir aquests objectius, vam dur a terme dos estudis interrelacionats. El primer (transversal) va mesurar la relació entre depressió i felicitat a través de comparar una mostra no clínica, una mostra de pacients amb depressió, i una altra de pacients amb depressió i fibromiàlgia. El segon estudi (assaig controlat aleatoritzat) va analitzar com la felicitat evolucionava amb la psicoteràpia, comparant dues modalitats. Els resultats van mostrar que els participants amb depressió eren significativament menys feliços que els de la mostra no clínica, mentre que patir fibromiàlgia comòrbida a la depressió no produïa un efecte perjudicial addicional. Després de la psicoteràpia, es van trobar grans augments en la felicitat de les persones amb depressió, independentment del seu gènere, edat, estat civil, nivell educatiu, situació laboral, ús actual de medicació psicotròpica, i modalitat de tractament rebuda. Aquesta tesi constitueix, pel que sabem, el primer estudi que analitza la felicitat en trastorns depressius des d’una perspectiva constructivista, la qual para especial atenció a la identitat i els significats personals de les persones. En general, els resultats presenten la felicitat com un focus de teràpia important i útil que pot ser incorporat al tractament de la depressió.
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Iredale, Adrian Steven, and i@iredalepedersenhook com. "Constructed Isolation." RMIT University. Architecture & Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090505.155318.
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Constructed Isolation investigates the development of a collection of architectural devices and operations that respond to and have evolved from the specific nature of residential suburban Perth, Western Australia. These devices explore the potential for ambiguity to create space that transforms the occupant from being a passive observer into a dynamic participant. It collates a collection of projects by iredale pedersen hook architects and examines the devices under the thematic concerns of geometry, place, time and craft. The Masters Thesis identifies the potential for Perth's geographic isolation to manifest as a positive construct, developing a unique architecture that opportunistically reinterprets past traditions to create individual environments. 'Constructed Isolation' is an ambitious idea where identity may begin with the individual dwelling and collectively evolve to create a constellation of considerable influence. It demonstrates how these devices may result in new propositions for suburbia, how big ideas with small-scale projects and a little irrational joyousness may contribute to or at least aspire to create change. These small projects will be viewed as a continuation of Perth's 'Heroic Period of Modernism', the fertile and ambitious but incomplete project from the 1950s and '60s. This will also focus on the development and change that occurred as a result of the reflective practice process, while identifying potential opportunities for the future.
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Grabinsky, Marilyn Irene. "Constructed knowledge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24633.pdf.
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Mthethwa, Zwelethu. ""Personal" constructs /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11638.
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Petit, Barbara. "Autour du lambda-calcul avec constructeurs." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662500.
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Le lambda calcul avec constructeurs (de Arbiser, Miquel et Rios) est une extension du lambda calcul avec un mécanisme de filtrage. Le filtrage à la ML y est décomposé en deux étapes: une analyse de cas sur des constantes (telle l'instruction "case" de Pascal), et une commutation de l'application avec la construction de filtrage. Cette règle de commutation entre deux constructions de natures différentes induit une géométrie de calcul surprenante, a priori incompatible avec les intuitions habituelles de typage. Cependant il a été montré que ce calcul est confluent, et vérifie la propriété de séparation (à la Böhm). Cette thèse propose un système de types du polymorphique pour ce calcul, et décrit ensuite un modèle de réalisabilité, qui adapte les candidats de réductibilité de Girard au lambda calcul avec constructeurs. La normalisation forte du calcul typé et l'absence d'erreur de filtrage lors de l'évaluation en découlent immédiatement. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la sémantique du lambda calcul avec constructeurs non typé. Une notion générique de modèle catégorique pour ce calcul est définie, puis un modèle particulier (le modèle syntaxique dans la catégorie des PERs) est construit. Nous en déduisons un résultat de complétude. Enfin, nous proposons une traduction CPS du lambda calcul avec constructeurs dans le lambda calcul simplement typé avec paires. Le lambda calcul avec constructeurs peut ainsi être simulé dans un calcul bien connu, et cette traduction nous permet aussi de transformer tout modèle par continuation en modèle du lambda calcul avec constructeurs. Une équation catégorique caractéristique de ces modèles apparait alors, qui permet de construire des modèles non syntaxiques (dans les domaines) de Scott du lambda calcul avec constructeurs.
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Lescure, Lousin de Mauvaisin Patricia de. "Délimitation des différents régimes de garantie et responsabilité des constructeurs à l'égard du maître de l'ouvrage en cas de dommage à l'ouvrage : loi du 4 janvier 1978." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020036.
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La delimitation des garanties et responsabilites specifiques )1ere partie) revele la preponderance de al responsabilite decennale. La garantie de parfait achevement n'est exclusive, lorsqu'un desordre remplit les conditions de la responsabilite bienno-decennale, que s'il est apparent et reserve a la reception. La garantie biennale connait un champ d'application limite par le domaine etendu de la responsabilite decennale. La delimitation des garanties et responsabilites specifiques avec les responsabilites de droit commun (2eme partie) consacre la predominance des responsabilites specifiques et donc de la responsabilite decennale. Les responsabilites predecennale, pour dommages intermediaires, pour defaut de conformite et pour dol se cantonnent dans des limites etroites. Seules la responsabilite des fabricants au titre de l'article 1792-4 et la responsabilite du controleur technique dont les champs d'application sont peu etendus entrainent une certaine resurgence du droit communThe first part of the delimitation of the specific guarantees shows the preponderance of the decennial liability. The guarantee for perfect acheivement only excludes the ten year and the two year guarantee when the damage is visible and noted. The two year guarantee is confined to the ten year guarantee. The second part of the delimitation between the specific guarantees and the liabilities found in the common contractual law establishes the prdominance of the specific guarantees and therefore puts into effect the decennial guarantee. The predecennial liability, the liability for intermdiary damages, lack of conformity and serious fault are all confined to the specific guarantees. Only the liability of the manufacturers under article 1792-4 and the decennial guarantee of the technical controler whitch are applicable in few cases, increase the application of the common contractual law
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Mouberi, Aimé. "La responsabilité des constructeurs sur le fondement de la garantie biennale." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100140.
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La reception et le paiement des travaux ne liberent pas pour autant les constructeurs de toutes responsabilites. Cette solution, admise des 1804, ne concernait que les pieces maitresses, notamment les gros ouvrages dont les malfacons sont susceptibles de compromettre la solidite de l'ouvrage et pour lesquelles le legislateur avait institue une garantie decennale. En revanche, pour les autres parties de l'ouvrage, et notamment des menus ouvrages, dont les malfacons par nature sont sans influence sur la solidite et la duree de l'ouvrage, la reception des travaux liberait les constructeurs de toutes responsabilites. Mais la cour de cassation, contrairement au conseil d'etat, avait estime que, pour ces parties d'ouvrage, la reception des travaux ne liberait les constructeurs de toutes responsabilites que pour les vices apparents ; ils devaient repondre des vices caches, sous reserves d'agir a bref delai. La reforme du 3 janvier 1967 avait cree une garantie biennale pour les menus ouvrages. Le conseil d'etat, contrairement a la cour de cassation, n'avait fait jouer a cette garantie qu'un role marginal. Il considerait que, meme pourtant sur un menu ouvrage, la garantie biennale ne devait jouer que lorsque le desordre n'etait pas de nature a rendre l'ouvrage impropre a sa destination. La reforme du 4 janvier 1978 a maintenu une garantie biennale sous la forme de garantie de bon fonctionnement des elements d'equipement dissociables des batiments. La jurisprudence administrative, contrairement a la jurisprudence judiciaire, sans exclure le critere de dissociabilite, n'y fait pas reference. Par ailleurs, les pratiques jurisprudentielles ont abouti a un elargissement du champ de cette garantie. Car elles l'appliquent aussi a des equipements indissociables et a des ouvrages ne constituant pas des batiments.
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Taylor, Carrie Renee. "Selecting plant species to optimize wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/taylor/TaylorC0509.pdf.
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Constructed wetlands are used around the world for treating domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewater, stormwater runoff, and acid mine drainage. Plants may affect efficacy of wastewater treatment through their influence on microbial activity by creating attachment sites and releasing carbon exudates and oxygen. My research investigated seasonal plant effects on wastewater treatment by monitoring water chemistry in model subsurface wetlands planted with monocultures of 19 plant species and unplanted controls. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, an indicator of water quality, declined during colder temperatures in the unplanted control, likely caused by a decrease in microbial activity. In contrast, wetlands with most plant species had constant COD removal across seasons. Redox potential and sulfate concentrations were measured as indirect measurements of the oxygenation of the wastewater. Wetlands that had a decline in COD removal during cold temperatures had constant low redox potential and sulfate concentrations throughout the seasons. Wetlands with high COD removal across seasons had elevated redox potentials and sulfate concentrations during the winter, indicating elevated oxygen availability, which may offset the negative temperature effect on microbial processes. I measured root oxygen loss (ROL) in the summer and the winter to determine whether oxygen release was sufficient to influence wastewater treatment and cause seasonal and species-specific effects on water chemistry. COD removal and ROL were positively correlated at 4°C but not at 24°C; however, the amount of root oxygen release only accounted for a portion of the required oxygen to facilitate plant's influence on COD removal. Flooding tolerance was quantified for each species by comparing plants' biomass between flooded and drained conditions. Plants' botanical grouping, Wetland Indicator Status, and flooding tolerance were compared to plants' influences on wastewater treatment to determine whether easily measured plant traits can be used to identify plants that will optimize wastewater treatment. All the sedges and rushes, obligate wetlands species, and 8 of 9 flood-tolerant plants had greater COD removal than the control at 4°C, the coldest temperature incubation. These results can be applied for wetland design by selecting plant species to optimize wastewater treatment, especially in cold climates.
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Chávez, Monteblanco Álvaro Jorge, Medina James Javier Castillo, and Loli Sandra Pamela Torres. "Tu pequeño constructor - TPC." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623436.
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El proyecto escogido tiene como nombre “Tu Pequeño Constructor” y utilizará las siglas TPC. Esta idea de negocio nace con la expectativa de cubrir una demanda insatisfecha del mercado peruano de juguetes alternativos el cual consta de construir estructuras con pequeños ladrillos hechos a base de arcilla según un modelo pre establecido, el mismo que se podrá pintar, pegar y diseñar a su gusto. El valor agregado es que la estructura construida logrará ser apreciada y compartida en las redes sociales, además de añadir un foco led a la construcción.Trabajo de investigación
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Karuppuswamy, Niveda. "SUYAMBOOR, self-constructed city." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297408.
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Informal settlements are a natural and necessary part of urbanization. Occupied by victims of unsuccessful migration and viewed by the city dweller as a dystopia, these are incredibly self-sustaining parts of the city. Inhabited by the socially marginalised, informal settlements have been neglected in terms of infrastructure and public processes by the formal sectors. Recent efforts to deal with these settlements, like forced evictions, show evidence of social and spatial injustices inflicted on the inhabitants. By 2050, more than two-thirds of the global population will live in cities. Of those, one-third will live in sub-par informal settlements without their own right to the city. With this reality, is it time to reassess how we talk about informal forms of urbanization?
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Otterstrom, Sarah. "Rovotlif: A Constructed Language." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1047.
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Rovotlif is a constructed language (conlang) made as a creative demonstration of linguistic concepts. The language's grammatical characteristics are influenced by Russian, German, English, and Mandarin. This document contains a description of the grammatical structure of the language, short translations of texts from English into Rovotlif, and a small lexicon of words and definitions for the language.
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Genter, Christopher James 1972. "Si(gh)te constructs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66383.
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Isidro, Pesantes Manuel, and Campos Daniel González. "De empresa constructora a inmobiliaria." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. Escuela de Postgrado, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273984.
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El trabajo aplicativo presenta el caso de una empresa constructora inmersa en el negocio inmobiliario Para ello se analizan los fundamentos de la dirección de proyectos, la reingeniería dinámica en los negocios, el desarrollo del producto y el marketing El trabajo es una evaluación y una guía didáctica para determinar los Lineamientos a seguir por cualquier empresa inmobiliaria en sus diversas fases de desarrollo hacia su consolidación en el mercado inmobiliario nacional
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Nicolas, Ève. "Le rôle de la jurisprudence civile dans la responsabilité des constructeurs." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10048.
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La jurisprudence civile remplit pleinement son rôle de gardienne et de nourricière du droit en matière de responsabilité des constructeurs. L’objectif avoue du législateur de protection du maître de l'ouvrage a nécessairement conduit la jurisprudence à renforcer et étendre la responsabilité spécifique des constructeurs. Elle a certes voulu instaurer la suprématie de cette responsabilité mais cette suprématie est hiérarchisée. Au sein même de la responsabilité spécifique la jurisprudence privilégie l'application de la responsabilité décennale. La jurisprudence ne cherche toutefois pas à instaurer la prépondérance de la responsabilité spécifique au détriment de l'application de la responsabilité de droit commun. Bien au contraire, la responsabilité de droit commun a connu concomitamment un essor considérable. Elle a acquis son autonomie. La raison est moins dans l'opposition de ces deux responsabilités que dans la concurrence au sein même de la responsabilité de droit commun. En matière contractuelle nous sommes passés d'une conception d'exécution forcée du contrat à un mode de réparation. Cette mutation profonde a eu pour conséquence d'empiéter sur le territoire de la responsabilité délictuelle. La jurisprudence n'étant pas étrangère à ce phénomène.
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Johnson, Bret J. S. "Hybrid materials constructed from polyoxometalate /." Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Eke, Paul Emeka. "Hydrocarbon removal with constructed wetlands." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3155.
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Wetlands have long played a significant role as natural purification systems, and have been effectively used to treat domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater. However, very little is known about the biochemical processes involved, and the use of constructed treatment wetlands in the removal of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons from produced and/or processed water. Wastewaters from the oil industry contain aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (ortho, meta and para isomers), which are highly soluble, neurotoxic and cause cancer. The components of the hydrocarbon and the processes of its transformation, metabolism and degradation are complex, the mechanisms of treatment within constructed wetlands are not yet entirely known. This has limited the effective application of this sustainable technology in the oil and gas industries. Sound knowledge of hydrocarbon treatment processes in the various constructed wetlands is needed to make guided judgments about the probable effects of a given suite of impacts. Moreover, most of the traditional treatment technologies used by the oil industry such as hydrocyclones, coalescence, flotation, centrifuges and various separators are not efficient concerning the removal of dissolved organic components including aromatics in the dissolved water phase. Twelve experimental wetlands have been designed and constructed at The King’s Buildings campus (The University of Edinburgh, Scotland) using different compositions. Selected wetlands were planted with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (common reeds). The wetlands were operated in batch-flow mode to avoid pumping costs. Six wetlands were located indoors, and six corresponding wetlands were placed outdoors to allow for a direct comparison of controlled and uncontrolled environmental conditions. The experimental wetlands were designed to optimize the chemical, physical and microbiological processes naturally occurring within wetlands. The outdoor rig simulates natural weather conditions while the indoor rig operates under controlled environmental conditions such as regulated temperature, humidity and light. Benzene was used as an example of a low molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbon within the inflow of selected wetlands. This chemical is part of the aromatic hydrocarbon group known as BTEX (acronym for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), and was used as a pollutant together with tap water spiked also with essential nutrients. The study period was from spring 2005 to autumn 2007. The research focused on the advancing of the understanding of biochemical processes and the application of constructed wetlands for hydrocarbon removal. The study investigated the seasonal internal interactions of benzene with other individual water quality variables in the constructed wetlands. Variables and boundary conditions (e.g. temperature, macrophytes and aggregates) impacting on the design, operation and treatment performance; and the efficiency of different wetland set-ups in removing benzene, chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day @ 20°C N-Allylthiourea biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and major nutrients were monitored. Findings indicate that the constructed wetlands successfully remove benzene (inflow concentration of 1 g/l) and other water quality variables from simulated hydrocarbon contaminated wastewater streams with better indoor (controlled environment) than outdoor treatment performances. The benzene removal efficiency was high (97-100%) during the first year of operation and without visible seasonal variations. Seasonal variability in benzene removal was apparent after spring 2006, the highest and lowest benzene removal efficiencies occurred in spring and winter, respectively. In 2006, for example, benzene removal in spring was 44.4% higher than in winter. However, no seasonal variability was detected in the effluent ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitratenitrogen (NO3-N) and ortho-phosphorus-phosphate (PO4 3--P) concentrations. Their outflow concentrations increased or decreased with corresponding changes of the influent nutrient supply. In addition, benzene treatment led to trends of decreasing effluent pH and redox potential (redox) values but increasing effluent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Approximately 8 g (added to the influent every second week) of the well balanced slow-releasing N-P-K Miracle-Gro fertilizer was sufficient to treat 1000 mg/l benzene. Results based on linear regression indicated that the seasonal benzene removal efficiency was negatively correlated and closely linked to the seasonal effluent DO and NO3-N concentrations, while positively correlated and closely linked to the seasonal effluent pH and redox values. Temperature, effluent NH4-N and PO4 3--P concentrations were weakly linked to seasonal benzene removal efficiencies. During the entire running period, the seasonal benzene removal efficiency reached up to 90%, while the effluent DO, NO3-N, pH and redox values ranged between 0.8 and 2.3 mg/l, 0.56 and 3.68 mg/l, 7.03 and 7.17, and 178.2 and 268.93 mV, respectively. Novel techniques and tools such as Artificial Neural Network (self-organizing map (SOM)), Multivariable regression and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to predict benzene, COD and BOD, and to demonstrate an alternative method of analyzing water quality performance indicators. The results suggest that cost-effective and easily to measure online variables such as DO, EC, redox, T and pH efficiently predicted effluent benzene concentrations by applying artificial neural network and multivariable regression model. The performances of these models are encouraging and support their potential for future use as promising tools for real time optimization, monitoring and prediction of benzene removal in constructed wetlands. These also improved understanding of the physical and biochemical processes within vertical-flow constructed wetlands, particularly of the role of the different constituents of the constructed wetlands in removal of hydrocarbon. These techniques also helped to provide answers to original research questions such as: What does the job? Physical design, filter media, macrophytes or micro-organisms? The overall outcome of this research is a significant contribution to the development of constructed wetland technology for petroleum industry and other related industrial application.
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Müller, Anja. "Angela Carter : identity constructed / deconstructed /." Heidelberg : Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37622505c.
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Mulkeen, Nicola. "Socially constructed luck and exploitation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/socially-constructed-luck-and-exploitation(aef17fb4-2236-4026-bb7a-6b4a689bb4d2).html.
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This thesis shows that exploitation can arise from a just background, via just steps, when we exercise our moral rights. The theory rests on the idea that exploitation can arise via a special category of luck, which I call socially constructed luck. By taking into account what John Rawls calls background justice and what G.A. Cohen refers to as an accumulation problem, I argue that socially constructed luck is brought about through a cumulative process of people freely exercising their moral rights in the pursuit of their own conception of the good life. Unless the negative effects of this type of luck are offset, exploitative interactions can arise where people have no reasonable alternative but to enter a particular transaction. Socially constructed luck can play a direct role in privileging some individuals at the expense of others and allows for the extraction of surplus benefits. Importantly, by showing that luck egalitarianism should be understood within a conception of exploitation, the thesis not only provides a deeper understanding of how the luck egalitarian and relational egalitarian views align, but also justifies the introduction of a basic right to a reasonable alternative.
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Nairn, Agnes. "Market segments : revealed or constructed?" Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760739.
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Athorn, Marie. "Conservation value of constructed reedbeds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52317/.
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Natural reedbed habitat in the UK has suffered severe declines in the last few centuries. With only 5,000 ha remaining and much of what remains is highly fragmented and degraded. The loss and fragmentation of reedbed habitat in the UK has had a profound effect on the species associated with it. Constructed reedbeds are artificial wetlands dominated by Phragmites australis designed to treat wastewater. They have been widespread in the UK because they are perceived to be a green solution, but their conservation value has never been assessed. This project aims to determine how they contribute to biodiversity. This study surveyed 24 sites, 12 constructed sites paired to 12 natural sites, for small mammals, moths and stem-dwelling invertebrates. Results show that there is no difference between constructed and natural sites. The indication is that constructed reedbeds, despite their small size, young age and contamination, are just as diverse as natural reedbeds. The implications of this for reedbed and wetland conservation are potentially substantial. There are over 1,000 constructed reedbeds in the UK that are just as diverse as their natural equivalents, which could provide connectivity across unsuitable agricultural and urban landscapes.
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Christophe, Mazard Julie. "La responsabilité contractuelle de droit commun des constructeurs." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10064.
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La responsabilité contractuelle de droit commun des constructeurs trouve naturellement à s'appliquer antérieurement à la réception de l'ouvrage. Elle est, sans conteste, d'application exclusive, puisque la responsabilité spécifique, prévue par le législateur de 1978, ne prend effet qu'à compter de la réception. Cette responsabilité contractuelle, posée par l'article 1147 du Code civil, permet de réparer les dommages survenus avant la réception, résultant de la non-exécution ou de la mauvaise exécution des contrats, conclus avec le maître de l'ouvrage. Le régime applicable à la responsabilité contractuelle de droit commun des constructeurs ne soulève pas de difficultés particulières dans ce cas. Même si la loi de 1978 parait bien distinguer la période contractuelle, qui se déroule avant la réception, de celle de la garantie légale, qui se déroule après, il est de nombreux cas dans lesquels la responsabilité contractuelle de droit commun se verra appliquée postérieurement à la réception. Tel est le cas, lorsque les dommages, dont il est réclamé réparation, ne revêtent pas les condiitons d'application des garanties spécifiques. La doctrine et la jurisprudence s'interrogent sur la place que la responsabilité contractuelle de droit commun occupe dans le vaste domaine de la responsabilité des constructeurs. Au vu de la jurisprudence, elle semble occuper une place non négligeable, bien qu'elle reste subsidiaire par rapport aux garanties légales. Ainsi, l'existence des garanties spécifiques des constructeurs n'éclipse pas totalement le droit commun de la responsabilité contractuelle, dont le régime va subir une influence calquée sur les garanties légalesBuilders contractual liability of law of universal application is naturally before the acceptance of work. It is, indisputably, exclusive, since the specific liability, provided by legislator in 1978, only takes effect as from the acceptance. This contractual liability, laid down by article 1147 of the civil Code, enables to indemnify damages occured before the acceptance, resulting from the non-performance or bad performance of contracts, concluded with the owner of a construction project. This system applicable to builders contractual liabillity of law of universal application do not raise any particular problem in that case. Even though the law of 1978 appears to distinguish the contractual period, which develops before the reception, from the period of legal guarantee, which develops after, there are many cases in which the contractual liability of law universal application will be implemented after the acceptance. That is the case, particulary when damages, for which it is claimed compensation, do not take on conditions of application of specific guarantees. The doctrine and the case law wonder about the rank of contractual liability of law of universal application in the field of builders liability. Regarding the case law, the contractual liability seems to occupy a not inconsiderable rank, although it stays subsidiary in relation to legal guarantees. So, the existence of builders specific guarantees do not completely overshadow the law of universal application of contractual liability, which regime is going to be affected by an influence modeled on legal guarantees
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Calderón, Colca Yaneth Verónica, Borda Paola Consuelo Gutiérrez, and Chávez Peter Johnny Gutiérrez. "Análisis del uso de herramientas modernas en empresas constructoras medianas de la Ciudad de Arequipa que brindan servicios de infraestructura en minería caso de estudio constructora B&B Murillo SAC." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624153.
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El trabajo describe el uso de las herramientas de Gestión del caso de estudio de la Empresa B&B Murillo S.A.C, dedicada al rubro de construcción en minería, siendo su principal cliente Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A., el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el modelo de gestión y plantear mejoras para optimizar los procesos internos que contribuirán a las actividades y toma de decisiones, de una manera eficiente y eficaz y contribuirá en el crecimiento de la producción y finanza de la empresa. Se realizó un análisis de la situación actual que presenta la empresa BYB Murillo SAC, analizando sus falencias según datos proporcionados por el área de planeamiento. En este escenario los esfuerzos se concentran en asegurar la ejecución del Plan Estratégico.The research work describes the use of the Case Study Management tools of the B&B Murillo SAC Company, dedicated to the construction sector in mining, being its main client Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde SAA, the objective of this work is to analyze the model of management and propose improvements to optimize the internal processes that will contribute to the activities and decision making, in an efficient and effective way and will contribute to the growth of the production and finance of the company. An analysis was made of the current situation presented by the company BYB Murillo SAC, analyzing their shortcomings according to data provided by the planning area. In this scenario, efforts are concentrated on ensuring the execution of the Strategic Plan.
Trabajo de investigación
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Chavez, Northland Eduardo Andrés. "Planificación Estratégica de una Empresa Constructora." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102509.
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El sector inmobiliario y respectivamente el de construcción, ha experimentado un
crecimiento permanente en las últimas décadas, coherente con la demanda por viviendas
unifamiliares.
La competitividad de esta industria y los escenarios técnicos y políticos variables,
plantean desafíos a la gestión de una constructora dedicada al negocio inmobiliario y
justifican la realización de una planificación estratégica que le permita enfrentar con éxito
estos desafíos.
Para este efecto se han complementando metodologías tradicionales, como el enfoque
por escenarios, con otras provenientes de la interpretación lingüística de las organizaciones,
donde se entiende la estrategia ocurriendo en las conversaciones de equipos, ligadas al rol
del líder, como administrador de dichas conversaciones.
En la fase inicial del diagnóstico estratégico de la industria se generan las siguientes
áreas de interés: crecimiento de la industria para los próximos años; industria con márgenes
estrechos; alta competitividad en el mercado; barreras de entradas muy bajas; fusiones y
adquisiciones en los últimos años.
El diagnóstico interno de la compañía permite identificar las siguientes fortalezas:
compromiso del equipo de trabajo;eficiencia de costos y calidad; bajo promedio de edad de
la organización; know how de la inmobiliaria. Las debilidades identificadas son: no contar
con mandantes externos; externalizar las áreas de adquisiciones, estudio, ingeniería y
finanzas y no contar con KPI para medir productividad.
Así se identificaron 6 proyectos estratégicos, de alto impacto para la gestión y logro
de resultados de la compañía: creación de un área de estudio, gestión de producción,
gestión de abastecimiento y logística, gestión en recursos humanos, gestión en prevención
de riesgo y gestión de atención al cliente.
Una de las conclusiones más fuertes es que los proyectos desarrollados estaban en las
cabezas de las personas, pero no en la organización. También se generó la convergencia
de dos factores que fueron determinante, por un lado, la clara decisión de la gerencia en
establecer como prioritario la integración de la organización, como elemento generador de
valor y, en segundo lugar, la apertura y disposición de los miembros de la organización en
incorporarse y avanzar en este proceso.
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Raffi, Rémy. "L'obligation de garantie du constructeur immobilier." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D042.
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La loi du 4 janvier 1978 soumet le constructeur immobilier a une obligation de garantie relative a l'ouverture qu'il a construit - cette obligation trouve sa source dans le contrat conclu entr le maitre de l'ouvrage et le constructeur et relatif a la construction de l'ouvrage. Il en resulte donc un lien etroit entre l'obligation contractuelle de construire et l'obligation de garantie de la bonne qualite de l'ouvrage construit. Dans cette optique, l'obligation de garantie du constructeur immobilier se manifeste apres reception et presente un mecanisme en deux temps : dans un premier temps intervient la garantie d'indemnisation mise indistinctement a la charge de tout constructeur de l'ouvrage. Dans un deuxieme temps est effectuee la determination de la responsabilite contractuelle finale du (ou des) constructeur (s) dont l'activite est a l'origine du desordreThe law of 4. 1. 78 oblige the constructor to guarantee the quality of the work he has builded. This obligation becomes from an agreement between the owner and the constructor in order to build the considered work. This is why there is a close connection between the obligation to build and the obligation to guarantee the quality of the building - the guarantee appears in two time : in the first time, any builder would oblided to repair the damage if it comes from the material act of erecting. In the second time, the judge would determine the final responsability of those builders from which the act has produced the damage
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Sepúlveda, Washington Jorge, and Fernández Jorge Sepúlveda. "Desarrollo área inmobiliaria Constructora Valko S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168545.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en TributaciónSepúlveda Washington, Jorge, [Parte I], Sepúlveda Fernández, Jorge, [Parte II]
La industria inmobiliaria representa un escenario atractivo para la Constructora Valko S.A., quien en la actualidad se desenvuelve en la construcción de obras viales dentro del ámbito nacional con miras a la adjudicación de proyectos de expansión al mercado del Perú. Motivos de crecimiento y expansión, sumado a una buena salud financiera y estabilidad como compañía en su rubro más una excelente reputación avalada en atractivos indicadores de seguridad y calidad le llevan a buscar caminos de diversificación en la construcción de edificios para vivienda mediante la creación de una Unidad Estratégica de Negocios con alcance en la venta, comercialización y administración de los edificios. Inicialmente, dos proyectos en Chile serán la puerta de entrada al mercado inmobiliario, los que merecen exclusiva atención al presente documento en cuanto a la apertura en dimensionamiento, penetración al mercado, alcances comerciales y operacionales con sus respectivas evaluaciones financieras que conllevan la materialización de esta UEN. Asimismo, y como parte de la escalabilidad de la compañía se contempla la futura construcción -aprovechando la estancia en el país vecino- de un tercer proyecto. Para el caso del ámbito nacional, el segmento socioeconómico que se aborda es el ABC1 y los valores de comercialización fluctúan entre las UF 6.000 a UF 14.000 con departamentos de 2 a 4 dormitorios, siendo además las personas naturales e inversionistas quienes podrán ser los propietarios y en este sentido dar uso ya sea como vivienda principal, segunda o hasta una inversión para arriendos. El foco del negocio se enmarca en el uso de sinergias de su actual cadena de valor en la compañía, haciendo hincapié en áreas de aplicación común que permitan aprovechar el Know-How principal de sus recursos y capacidades, siendo la ventaja competitiva la diferenciación del producto a comercializar. Este factor diferenciador tiene relación con el servicio integral mediante la experiencia que cada potencial comprador pueda disfrutar desde la preventa hasta su habitabilidad, como también la personalización del departamento con elementos tecnológicos de tendencia y servicios que generan mayor valor y confortabilidad bajo un pilar de sustentabilidad. La viabilidad económica mediante los proyectos financiados con respaldo en los indicadores de VAN y TIR, fundamentan de manera importante la decisión de llevar a cabo esta rentable UEN.
29
Thiessen, Dennis. "Curriculum change constructs and orientations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291535.
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Kelly, Paul. "Constructs of attachment in schools." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549324.
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Britz, Katarina. "Power constructs and propositional systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9053.
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Bibliography : p. 161-176.Propositional systems are deductively closed sets of sentences phrased in the language of some propositional logic. The set of systems of a given logic is turned into an algebra by endowing it with a number of operations, and into a relational structure by endowing it with a number of relations. Certain operations and relations on systems arise from some corresponding base operation or relation, either on sentences in the logic or on propositional valuations. These operations and relations on systems are called power constructs. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of power constructs in propositional systems. Some operations and relations on systems that arise as power constructs include the Tarskian addition and product operations, the contraction and revision operations of theory change, certain multiple- conclusion consequence relations, and certain relations of verisimilitude and simulation. The logical framework for this investigation is provided by the definition and comparison of a number of multiple-conclusion logics, including a paraconsistent three-valued logic of partial knowledge.
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Hansen, Nathan. "Constructs: Truth, Lies, and Humanity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2108.
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This thesis is a discussion of my ideas, struggles and outcomes experienced during the making of my two bodies of work, Devices and Relics. These two bodies of work explore fleeting moments, the intrinsic values of labor and imagination with reference to sedentary living and labor in contemporary American society.
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Park, Soo-Gon. "Etude comparative des responsabilités et assurances en matière de construction en droit coréen et français." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100202.
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Dans les deux droits (coréen et français), la responsabilité contractuelle des constructeurs peut se subdiviser en deux catégories : la responsabilité de droit commun et la garantie légale. Les deux droits partagent des points communs en ce qui concerne les conditions et les effets de la mise en oeuvre de la responsabilité de droit commun. Pour ce qui concerne la garantie légale, elle est, en droit français, susceptible d'être engagée pour tous les constructeurs. En revanche, en droit coréen, seul l'entrepreneur est soumis à la garantie légale. Les dispositions légales du droit français relatives à la garantie sont plus précises que celles du droit coréen, de sorte qu'en droit français la garantie légale ne joue que pour certains désordres graves. En revanche, en droit coréen, tous les désordres peuvent entrer dans le champ d'application de la garantie. Toutefois, il est permis, en droit coréen, de prévoir les clauses d'exonération de la responsabilité des constructeurs. En matière de responsabilité délictuelle des constructeurs, les deux droits ne présentent pas pour l'essentiel de grande différence l'un par rapport à l'autre. Ce qui est caractéristique en droit coréen, c'est l'admission générale du cumul des responsabilités contractuelle et délictuelle. En ce qui concerne l'assurance de construction, la souscription d'une assurance est, en droit français, obligatoire. Cette obligation est imposée tant au maître de l'ouvrage qu'aux constructeurs, même si elle ne concerne que les risques de nature décennale. En revanche, la souscription d'une assurance est, en droit coréen, facultative dans la plupart des cas. Toutefois, la réparation des désordres est, dans les faits, garantie par la mise en oeuvre du cautionnementIn Korean and French law, the contractual liability of constructors can be divided into two main categories : the liability of common law and the legal warranty. These two laws share a number of common points concerning the conditions on and the effects of applying the liability of common law. With regard to the legal warranty, Korean law is only related to the contractor, whereas French law is applied not only to the contractor, but also to ail of constructors engaged. In the warranty, the legal dispositions of French law are more concrete than those of Korean. Thus, the arrangement in French law is just applicable for several severe defects, whereas that in Korean law is related to ail kinds of defects. Korean law, however, allows the exemption clauses of the constructors' liability. As far as the constructors' liability for torts is concerned, there are no major differences in these two laws. The important aspect in Korean law is that the contractual liability and the liability for torts are, in general, cumulatively admitted. Subscribing an insurance of the construction is obligatory in French law. This obligation is imposed to both the owner of works and the constructor, even if it is limited to some risks caused by the breach of contract. On the contrary, the subscription in Korean law normaly stays optional, even though the remedy for defects and non-accomplishements is covered de facto by the bond
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Martínez, Legua Carla Diandra, and Westreicher Pedro Ignacio Yépez. "Cultura organizacional en empresas constructoras limeñas y su influencia en el clima laboral en obra: estudio de casos." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9763.
Full textAbstract:
Durante los últimos años se ha venido experimentando un crecimiento de la filosofía Lean en el país. Las empresas que la implementan lo hacen no sólo en sus procesos, sino también como parte de una cultura a seguir por todo el personal de la organización. Las empresas constructoras, de este modo, deben buscar guiar y controlar la cultura no solo a nivel administrativo, sino también entre el personal obrero de sus proyectos. De esta manera, el presente proyecto de investigación busca identificar los tipos de cultura presentes en proyectos constructivos y analizar la influencia de la misma en el clima
laboral en obra, para lo cual se estudiarán los casos de seis empresas. La investigación se inició con la revisión de estudios encontrados en libros, tesis, artículos, entre otros, sobre ambos conceptos, cultura organizacional y clima laboral. Actualmente, no se tiene un único concepto de ninguno de los constructos, por lo que uno de los primeros pasos de la investigación fue proponer una definición válida para la presente investigación a partir de la revisión realizada. De este modo, la cultura organizacional se definió como un conjunto de valores, mitos e historias que comparten los miembros de una organización, y el clima, como la percepción que mantienen los colaboradores sobre esta.
La medición de estos conceptos se presentaba en diversos modelos, cada uno con dimensiones distintas que delimitaban el alcance y facilitaban el análisis. Para la presente investigación se escogieron modelos ya estudiados sobre cultura organizacional y clima laboral, el modelo de valores por competencia (MVC) y el work enviroment scale (WES) respectivamente. A partir de estos, se diseñaron las encuestas a realizar al personal de mano de obra de cada una de las empresas a estudiar. Los resultados encontrados muestran que las empresas pequeñas normalmente presentan
una cultura tipo clan, y las grandes, jerárquica. De la misma manera se encontró que, por la cohesión y apoyo entre sus compañeros, el personal siente un clima más agradable en empresas pequeñas que en las grandes, en las que resaltan el control y la organización.Tesis
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HUNDZINGER, JOSSO CHANTAL. "Etude comparative des systemes de garantie en matiere de construction immobiliere dans la cee : bilan et perspectives." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010266.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le contexte europeen, analyse des differents systemes de garantie applicable en matiere de construction immobiliere (responsabilite et assurance), et etude des mecanismes communautaires permettant de degager des criteres communs, dans le but d'une harmonisation en la matiereAs europ settles down, the joint study of the guarantees concerning building construction (liability and insurance), and of the society mechanism allows to put in evidence matsching signs and so to consider further developments in these field
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Smith, Robert. "Understanding the entrepreneur as socially constructed." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/644.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis, which combines two levels of analysis, is to explore the entrepreneur as a social construct and the socially constructed nature of entrepreneurship. It builds upon a limited number of extant studies considering the socially constructed nature of entrepreneurship by focusing upon achieving a Verstehen' of these 'constructions' as articulated in stories; thereby enhancing conceptual understanding. It achieves this by concentrating upon the key issues of constructionism, namely narrative and identity; and by triangulating these by using a qualitative approach and a variety of methodologies. These include social constructionism, semiotic analysis, biographical analysis, in-depth interviews, content analysis and action research. This approach is justified because, despite an increasing body of research into aspects entrepreneurial, our basic understanding of the many social facets which influence our perception of the entrepreneur remains unclear. Clarity of definition often eludes us, although we can describe and explain it in context. Consequentially, such constructions are subjective, descriptive, often nebulous and heavily reliant upon stereotype. By examining interrelated social constructs such as gender, class and ethnicity, which are embedded in and influenced by other constructs such as childhood, family, society, culture and so on this thesis extends our knowledge of entrepreneurial process. It allows us to understand subjective issues such as ethics, value, morality, legitimacy, traits, character and personality which become visible when articulated via narrative forms and storytelling mechanisms of myth, metaphor and fable. The findings suggest that our perception of entrepreneurs may owe more to narrative convention than to the lived experience of entrepreneurs. The review of academic literature, novels (fiction), biographies, autobiographies, newspaper articles, and a semiotic analysis of images and photographs associated with the entrepreneur found that although entrepreneurs are eulogised, not all practice moral entrepreneurship - thus signalling the many forms and functions of entrepreneurship, including the immoral, amoral and criminal. In identifying a universal storybook formula the thesis shows how entrepreneurial practice is influenced by heroic stereotyping and how entrepreneurship can be understood as a communicational construct; a living, evolving narrative; and enacted story. This formula spans different media with a consistency of themes and elements which demonstrates its socially constructed nature. The multi-methodology allows one to develop deeper understanding. The contribution of this thesis is the exploration of the philosophical, ideological and epistemological issues underpinning the ontology of entrepreneurship. This thesis by adapting a process of deconstructionism, analysis and reconstruction contributes by adopting a holistic approach uniting the constructionist and Verstehen' approaches as a heuristic tool through which to achieve a greater understanding of entrepreneurship as a socio-behavioural process. Moreover it considers entrepreneurial narrative as socially mediated behavioural scripts constructed from a wide range of inter-disciplinary knowledge best understood when assembled and read as a process. In taking cognisance of the individual entrepreneur as a person and in then examining psychological, sociological, demographic and linguistic factors affecting the application of entrepreneurship, the thesis maps entrepreneurial process as socially constructed. Mapping how social constructionism shapes perception necessitates looking at the practices and processes which constitute it as a socially negotiated interaction. This thesis extends knowledge of how social constructions are formed and perpetuated in society and displays originality by focusing on how social construction impact on the entrepreneurial process. The entrepreneur is often encountered in a literary format as a heroic male personage. Masculine ideology, rhetoric, mythology, and doxa reinforce this message marginalising female entrepreneurs with whom the construction may not resonate. Entrepreneurs are presented as 'likeable rogues' a perception reinforced by a semiotic pictorial format of 'bad boys' embedded in images of masculinity, class and criminality. This thesis bridges many theoretical approaches to entrepreneurship by using narrative and communication techniques to reveal how academic conceptualisations adhere to but differ from more popular concepts. The research develops a practical narrative based theory of entrepreneurship. This study presents the socially constructed nature of entrepreneurial knowledge and process in a way not done before. However, its most substantial contribution is that it takes the notion of entrepreneurial narrative, discourse, and constructions to a new level in taking cognisance of the plethora of plots, sub-plots and storylines which constitute the socially constructed narrative that is entrepreneurship.
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Tselonis, Christos. "Matching constructed answers for e-assessment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492126.
Full textAbstract:
The usage of e-learning has been increasing in education, and significant research in e-assessment in particular has been carried out. However, most current solutions focus on question types that require selection between alternative answers. Answers requiring active construction are used much less frequently and computer support for them is usually limited to restricted knowledge domains. Here, the automated evaluation of constructed answers is investigated, in order to produce useful information. Such answer types include mathematical expressions, computer programs and diagrams, the main focus of this work being the last. A generic approach is followed; the models of specimen and candidate answers, and the process of matching them against each other, do not depend on the knowledge domain ofthe question, nor on the type ofthe answer. Consequently, any type of diagram, and even any type of constructed answer, may potentially be modelled and matched using the proposed methods. The trade-off between universal applicability and accuracy is investigated; the results of automated marking using a generic system do not agree with human-awarded marks as closely as those generated by systems with inherently limited scope. However, the information produced may serve as a check on marks awarded by a human, or be used to cluster a large number of answers by similarity, considerably cutting down repeated work on the human's part. Another practical application, to formative assessment, is investigated in detail. The modelling and matching methods are integrated into a diagram editor to provide real-time, interactive, textual and visual feedback. The tool has been put to test by real users on four occasions and the results turned out to be positive. This work demonstrates that a single implementation, handling constructed answers of multiple domains, is not only possible but useful too. The applicability is only constrained by the extent of automation, not the type of answer or the style of question, a conclusion which may encourage the wider uptake of e-assessment.
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Hodgson, Christopher John. "Microbiological monitoring of constructed wetland performance." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430286.
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Balderas-Guzmán, Celina. "Strategies for systemic urban constructed wetlands." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80907.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-128).
As a result of ubiquitous impermeable surfaces, conventional water management and stormwater infrastructure, and the resultant degradation of natural hydrologic networks, most American urban areas have suffered severely compromised hydrological function and health, particularly related to stormwater and its storage, treatment, and flow. Negative externalities exist at multiple scales: increased disaster vulnerability, climate change, poor water quality, habitat loss, etc. Because upgrading conventional single-purpose infrastructure has become an increasingly cost-prohibitive option, urban areas are finding that reincorporating natural systems can be more effective. In the last 20 years, constructed wetlands have arisen as a promising multi-purpose solution to stormwater problems. Constructed wetlands are artificial systems designed to mimic natural wetlands by using the same physical, biological, and chemical processes to treat water. They are relatively large, but their size gives them high ecological potential and numerous other benefits, such as flooding protection and recreational spaces, while having low life-cycle costs. Since the effectiveness of constructed wetlands comes from mimicking natural wetlands, then the analogy to nature should be extended as far as possible. In nature, wetlands are a system connected to a regional hydrologic network. Therefore, constructed wetlands distributed systemically throughout a watershed have potential to deliver more networked benefits than the current practice of dispersed and disconnected wetlands for individual sites. Yet little research exists examining the implications of urban constructed wetlands in design and planning terms, at multiple scales. In fact, few urban constructed wetland projects for stormwater exist in the first place. This thesis proposes a framework for understanding the potential of systemic constructed wetlands as landscape infrastructure in urban areas. Based on an understanding of science, engineering, and urbanism, this thesis identifies the urban zones of greatest potential for stormwater constructed wetlands and suggests the benefits that could arise out of an urban constructed wetland system, beyond simply water treatment.
by Celina Balderas-Guzmán.
S.M.
M.C.P.
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Freer, Adam. "Pollutant swapping in constructed agricultural wetlands." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/81434/.
Full textAbstract:
Diffuse agricultural pollution presents a major challenge to global water quality management, requiring the adoption of new land management practices such as constructed agricultural wetlands. These wetlands, promoted in agri-environment schemes, may effectively intercept rainfall-mobilised phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). However, wetlands may potentially facilitate ‘pollutant swapping’: the transfer of one form or pathway of pollution for another, as a result of mitigation efforts. Retained pollutants may be remobilised through solubilisation or as the greenhouse gases (GHGs): methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Therefore this research examines the potential for agricultural wetlands to ‘swap’ local improvements in water quality, for (1) increased pollution to groundwaters and (2) to the atmosphere. GHG exchanges from an agricultural wetland (area 0.032 ha) in Cumbria, UK were monitored over an 18 month period, using floating gas chambers, ebullition traps and diffusive gas exchange models. While the wetland was a net sink of particulate C and N, mean net releases of CO2 (2249 – 5724 mg m-2 d -1 ), N2O (0.93 – 2.04 mg m-2 d -1 ) and CH4 (169 - 456 mg m -2 d -1 ) were significantly greater than those from adjacent riparian land. Wetland releases of CH4 were most significant in terms of potential atmospheric impact compared to other wetland GHG releases. Shallow groundwater samples extracted from a piezometer network surrounding the study site, illustrated that retained sediments acted as a source of NH4-N and DOC to surface and local groundwaters but mitigated leaching and outward transport of NO3-N to surface and groundwaters. Field and laboratory microcosm experiments demonstrated that pollutant swapping of GHGs and nutrients may be increased during periods of reduced water oxygen content associated with eutrophic conditions. In wetland designs with water depths >0.5 m, anoxic conditions may perpetuate in lower water column zones and facilitate increased CH4 and NH4-N production and storage. Additionally, microcosm studies identified that disturbance of bottom sediments by stormflow may elicit heightened GHG and nutrient releases. Therefore the net impact of wetland construction in catchments may need reconsiderations, with respect to the potentially detrimental effects on water and the atmosphere. However upscaling of observations suggests that wetland implementation in the UK is unlikely to significantly increase GHG budgets. Use of shallower wetlands with vegetation or inlet baffles may reduce CH4 emissions by encouraging oxidation and protecting sediments from storm flows.
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Gorr, Matthew W. "Arsenic Remediation Using Constructed Treatment Wetlands." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301943769.
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González, Lucas Daniel. "Molecular machines constructed from multichromophore arrays." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49710/.
Full textAbstract:
Our long-term ambitious goal is to construct molecular assemblies or machines of unprecedented complexity leading to unique function. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been selected as the building blocks for the construction of the targeted molecular machines. The synthesis of different porphyrin/phthalocyanine building blocks is introduced with particular emphasis on the introduction of central metal/metalloid elements such as ruthenium, indium and lanthanides. The linking of porphyrins to give covalent assemblies suitable for elaboration into machine-like arrays is then described. The synthesis of an array in which four porphyrin units surround a central porphyrin core is described, alongside modifications to the strategy that permits differential metal substitution. Strategies for face-to-face elaboration of machine-like structures from the previously described covalent multiporhyrin array are discussed. Although unsuccessful, a separate reaction pathway is described that leads to controlled formation of triple-decker structures. Model diporphyrins, linked through flexible spacers, are smoothly metallated with lanthanum. Complementary phthalocyanine macrocycles are then easily inserted, giving high yields of triple decker molecules. The synthesis and materials are discussed, and the novel structures are characterised by absorption spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and crystallography. The versatility and generality of the strategy are demonstrated by synthesis of analogues that incorporate more heavily functionalised central (phthalocyanine) macrocycles. Rotation is hindered (NMR) in these cases. Finally, preliminary assessment of extension of this approach towards higher-order stacks is described, alongside variation of the linking lanthanides to include magnetic elements such as dysprosium.
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Salinas, Matias Erika. "CONSTRUCTOS PERSONALES EN PERSONAS CON OBESIDAD." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/66463.
Full textAbstract:
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las personas con obesidad en comparación con las personas sin este rasgo, muestran mayor puntaje en autoestima baja y aislamiento social autopercibido, al mismo tiempo ambos grupos no presentaron diferencias significativas en el apartado correspondiente a adecuación percibida en los otros. Así mismo, respecto a la categorización que se deriva de la autoestima se obtuvo que las personas del grupo control se ubicaron en el perfil de positividad en contraste con el grupo de personas con obesidad quienes se ubicaron en el perfil de aislamiento, repercutiendo así de manera significativa sus relaciones interpersonales. Por otra parte, se encontró que en cuanto a los conflictos cognitivos las personas del grupo control presentaron en mayor número más dilemas implicativos. Por otra parte al categorizar los constructos de ambos grupos se encontró que las personas con obesidad presentaron mayor número de constructos catalogados en el área relacional en contraste con las personas pertenecientes al grupo control, en donde sus constructos se ubicaron en el área emocional.El presente estudio es un acercamiento con el propósito de describir el sistema de constructos personales en personas con obesidad. Se trabajó con 60 personas, de dos grupos; uno con obesidad y otro sin esta, todos ellos habitantes de la ciudad de Toluca y zona conurbada, Se utilizó la Técnica Rejilla de Constructos Personales (TRCP).
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
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Tassara, García Juan Carlos, and Marquina Barrera César Augusto Guzmán. "Creación de una empresa inmobiliaria y de construcción civil." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/819.
Full textAbstract:
El presente trabajo de tesis tiene por objeto mostrar el procedimiento de creación
de una empresa inmobiliaria y de construcción civil, así como el desarrollo de su primer
proyecto.
El primer capítulo consiste en un análisis de los distintos tipos de sociedades, de
tal manera que a partir de este se logre llegar finalmente al tipo de sociedad que conviene
para la realización de este y demás proyectos que tiene visionado la empresa.
El segundo capítulo se muestra el estudio de mercado de oferta y demanda que se
efectuó para focalizar el proyecto, asimismo sirvió también para determinar el producto
que se iba ofrecer según los resultados obtenidos.
En el tercer capítulo se describen las distintas fases que tuvo el proyecto como son
el análisis de factibilidad, donde se muestran los flujos de caja de tres proyectos
evaluados y el por qué se decidió por uno de ellos, seguidamente siguen las fases de
proceso de compra de terreno, diseño esquemático, promoción y publicidad, desarrollo
del diseño, permisos, planificación, contratación, construcción, control y cierre, con los
cuales se explica el grueso del proyecto del que es tema la presente tesis.
Finalmente en el cuarto capítulo se muestran las conclusiones y recomendaciones,
de la parte inmobiliaria y de la parte constructiva del proyecto.Tesis
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Corbee, Gabriella. "Phosphorus accumulation in constructed wetlands : A study of 10 wetlands constructed on agricultural clay soils in Södermanland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448096.
Full textAbstract:
Eutrophication is a major problem causing algal blooms and impaired water quality, especially regarding coastal areas and seas. It is a result of an excessive supply of nutrients such as phosphorus (P), where agriculture accounts for the largest share of the anthropogenic nutrient load. Furthermore, arable fields with clay soils have been shown to have among the highest P-losses. In this study, 10 constructed wetlands located in agricultural areas with high clay content in the topsoil were examined. The aims were to investigate how the P accumulation is related to wetland design and catchment factors and to see if there is an optimal hydraulic load (HL) and wetland size for P accumulation. The study is based on P analyses of sediment cores sampled in March 2021, calculations of catchment factors in ArcMap, water flow calculations, and statistical analyses. Sedimentation of particles with associated P is considered to be the primary process for P retention in wetlands. Accordingly, the results showed that the P accumulation was positively correlated to particle retention. The total P accumulation varied between 8 and 96 kg ha-1 yr-1 and the total particle accumulation was 7-130 t ha-1 yr-1. The wetland design factors, including wetland area, water depth, and length-to-width ratio (L:W), had no significant influence on the P accumulation. However, water depths greater than 1.5 m inhibited the P retention which suggested that the water depth should be limited to approximately 1 m to avoid too large particle settling distances. The proportion of agricultural land within each catchment did not show any correlation to the P accumulation. The clay content in the topsoil was however positively correlated to both particle and P accumulation. This suggested that the sedimentation process was promoted even though the inflowing particles potentially consisted of a large proportion of clay particles, which have a low sedimentation velocity. The erosion risk of the catchment area had no significant influence on the P accumulation, meaning that a high expected particle load did not entail an increased particle and associated P accumulation. High HL values of 450 and 850 m yr-1 were shown to counteract the P retention. This corresponded to wetlands smaller than 0.1% of the catchment area. A possible turning point of HL where the P accumulation is inhibited could also be distinguished, ranging between HL 200 and 300 m yr-1. An optimal HL for increased P accumulation could not be determined due to such few observations. However, it could be concluded that an HL up to approximately 210 m yr-1 had a positive influence on the particle and P accumulation and that wetlands should be larger than 0.1% of the catchment area to efficiently retain P.Övergödning är ett stort problem som orsakar algblomningar och försämrad vattenkvalitet, särskilt vid kustområden och hav. Övergödningen orsakas av ett för stort utsläpp av näringsämnen såsom fosfor (P), där jordbruket står för den största antropogena näringsbelastningen. Åkermark med lerjord har dessutom visat sig ha bland den högsta utlakningen av P. I denna studie har 10 våtmarker anlagda i jordbruksområden med hög lerhalt undersökts. Syftet var att undersöka hur P-ackumuleringen är relaterad till våtmarksutformningen och abiotiska faktorer i avrinningsområdet. Projektet syftade även till att undersöka ifall det finns en optimal hydraulisk belastning (HL) för P-ackumulering. Studien baserades på P-analyser av sedimentproppar provtagna i mars 2021, beräkningar av avrinningsområdesfaktorer i ArcMap, flödesberäkningar samt statistiska analyser. Den primära reningsprocessen för P i våtmarker är genom sedimentation av partiklar med bundet P. Följaktligen visade resultatet att P-ackumuleringen var positivt korrelerad med partikelretentionen. Den totala P-ackumuleringen varierade mellan 8 och 96 kg ha-1 år-1 och den totala partikelackumuleringen var 7-130 ton ha-1 år-1. Våtmarksutformningen, vilket innefattade våtmarksarea, vattendjup och längd-bredförhållande (L:W), hade ingen signifikant betydelse för P-ackumuleringen. Vattendjup större än 1,5 m hämmade emellertid P-ackumuleringen vilket indikerade att vattendjupet bör begränsas till cirka 1 m för att partiklar ska hinna sedimentera. Andelen jordbruksmark i avrinningsområdet hade ingen korrelation med P-ackumuleringen. Lerhalten i avrinningsområdet var däremot positivt korrelerad till både partikel- och P-ackumuleringen. Detta indikerade att sedimentationen främjats trots att de inflödande partiklarna potentiellt bestod av en stor andel lerpartiklar, vilka har en långsam sedimentationshastighet. Erosionsrisken i avrinningsområdet hade ingen signifikant påverkan på P-ackumuleringen. En hög förväntad partikelbelastning resulterade därmed inte en ökad partikel- och P-ackumulering. Höga HL-värden på 450 och 850 m år-1 motverkade P-ackumulationen, vilket motsvarade våtmarker som utgjorde mindre än 0,1 % av avrinningsområdet. En möjlig brytpunkt där HL hämmar P-ackumulationen kunde urskiljas i intervallet HL 200-300 m år-1. På grund av för få observationer kunde inte en optimal HL för ökad P-ackumulation fastställas. Det kunde dock konstateras att en HL upp till cirka 210 m år-1 hade en positiv inverkan på partikel- och P-ackumulationen och att våtmarker bör utgöra minst 0,1 % av avrinningsområdet för att effektivt ansamla P.
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Palomino, Martel Jhonatan Paolo. "Medición del clima laboral y herramienta para su mejora en proyectos de construcción." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19185.
Full textAbstract:
El sector construcción constituye un porcentaje importante del PBI total de país, según la Cámara de Comercio de Lima, este crecimiento económico se produce por el consumo e inversión en proyectos de infraestructura públicos o privados.
Todo proyecto de construcción está conformado por un equipo de trabajo a quienes se les asignan roles y responsabilidades necesarios para poder finalizar el proyecto. El factor humano es un recurso fundamental en todo tipo de proyecto, ya sea de construcción o de otra índole, porque conlleva al desarrollo del mismo; por ello es necesario desarrollarlo y mejorar su desempeño del equipo de trabajo mediante la aplicación de motivadores, herramientas y técnicas de gestión de proyectos. Según múltiples autores, los conceptos de motivación y mejora del equipo de trabajado están asociados al clima laboral y, este último, al funcionamiento óptimo organizacional que se reflejará indirectamente en la efectividad, productividad y desarrollo adecuado del proyecto.
A pesar de las conclusiones ya existentes y comprobadas hipótesis acerca del clima laboral, el propósito del siguiente proyecto de tesis es adaptarlo a la realidad del sector construcción del país; además de, contribuir con el área de gestión de recursos, específicamente con la gestión de recursos humanos dentro de un proyecto de construcción.
La investigación se inició aplicando una encuesta o cuestionario, acondicionado al rubro de la construcción, para medir el clima laboral en proyectos de construcción reales, a través de dos enfoques distintos y por medio de las dimensiones que conformar el clima laboral. Luego del análisis de resultados, se planteó una herramienta, basada en la teoría de la Carga Vertical de trabajo, para lograr la mejora del clima laboral en proyectos de infraestructura.
Según los resultados obtenidos, hay muchos aspectos a mejorar cuando se realiza una medición más específica, a través de las dimensiones, del clima laboral en un proyecto de construcción.
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Chow, Siu-hang. "Vibrant green spine and constructed wetland in Tuen Mun River." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38317540.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.Title proper from title frame. Includes special report study entitled: Constructed wetland for wildlife, drainage and sewage treatment. Also available in printed format.
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Davila, Pablo Arturo Yelderman Joe C. "The evaluation of a subsurface-flow constructed wetland for on-site wastewater treatment under the NSF/ANSI Standard 40 protocol design loading." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4957.
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Nokes, Rita Lynn. "Reduction of enteric organisms in small scale, subsurface flow constructed wetlands." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0280_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Drizo, Aleksandra. "Phosphate and ammonium removal from waste water, using constructed wetland systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9991.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphorus and nitrogen in waste water from sewerage systems contribute to excessive nutrient enrichment of surface waters, presenting a threat to nature conservation, domestic and industrial water supplies, and recreation. The general objective of this research was to investigate phosphate and ammonium removal from waste water by constructed wetland systems (CWS), which are increasingly being used for low-cost water treatment. Phosphate (P) adsorption capacity and other properties of potential CWS substrate materials (bauxite, shale, burnt oil shale, limestone, zeolite, light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) and fly ash) were investigated. Fly ash and shale had the highest P adsorption values, which were significantly correlated with porosity and hydraulic conductivity. Longer - term experiments with shale and bauxite gave maximum P uptake values of 730 and 355 mg P kg- I, respectively. Phragmites australis (common reed) seedlings grew satisfactorily in shale, bauxite, LECA and fly ash. Shale was selected as the most suitable substrate, and used in a pilot-scale CWS in plastic tanks in a greenhouse, with and without P. australis, at two input nutrient concentrations and a loading rate of 0.02 m3 m-2 d-1. Both planted and unplanted systems removed 98 - I 00% of P from a synthetic sewage over ll months. Removal of ammonium N was also complete in the planted tanks, but only 40 - 75% was removed in the unplanted ones. Corresponding nitrate N removal was 85 - 95% and 45 - 75%. The systems performed as well at high as at low concentration for both phosphate and ammonium. The variations in P and N removal could not be attributed to differences in pH, Eh and temperature, which did not differ significantly between planted and unplanted tanks. During the experiment, P and N concentrations were determined at 3 depths and 4 positions along the length of the tanks. H2P04- - P and NH/ - N concentrations were low ( < I. 0 g m-3) at all locations in the planted systems, whereas the P concentrations were sometimes twice as high in the unplanted ones. NH4 + -N in the unplanted systems was relatively high (l 0 - 30 g m"3) throughout the experiment. N03--N concentrations were very low by comparison. P. precipitation on shale and P. australis root and rhizome surfaces was examined by X-ray fluorescence analysis, and by chemical extraction with ammonium acetate, 0.1 M HCI and 2%> citric acid. This showed that P, Fe and Al had precipitated on all these surfaces. However. it was not possible to quantify the surface deposits, and further research is necessary. The hydraulic residence time. flow characteristics and permeability of the shale was investigated by a bromide tracer. The tracer breakthrough curves showed a similar pattern in all tanks, with ca 66% of the flow occurring through the bottom zone. However, the actual hydraulic residence time (6 days) was slightly higher than the theoretical one Although there was a significant difference (p < 0.02) between the distribution of flow in planted and unplanted tanks. there was no reduction in the reactive pore volume observed in any of the tanks. This confirmed that shale has good permeability properties. Monitoring of the full-scale systems was carried out during June - September 1995. Although P removal in a planted bed was between 50-75%, the overall performance of the full-scale systems was disappointing, especially for ammonium removal. This was attributed to high loading rates, visibly non-uniform flow and clogged gabions. A bromide tracer study carried out on these systems confirmed the short hydraulic retention times and heterogeneous flow mechanisms in both the unplanted and planted systems. Results obtained from the pilot scale study do not necessarily provide a quantitative prediction of the performance of larger-scale systems. However, the potential value of a shale-based system has been demonstrated, and this opens a new direction in the design of CWS; most systems built to date in the UK use gravel as a substrate. Shale has proved to have superior properties for P removal and is cheap and readily available in Scotland. Its application as a substrate in a full-scale system remains a subject for further investigation.