Relevant bibliographies by topics / Construction cost estimation / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Construction cost estimation.

Journal articles on the topic 'Construction cost estimation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Construction cost estimation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Ekung, Samuel, Adeniran Lashinde, and Emmanuel Adu. "Critical Risks to Construction Cost Estimation." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2021-0003.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe prevalence of cost overrun in project delivery suggests an acute dearth of inclusive understanding of the effect of risks on construction cost estimation. In aberrant to the generic assumptions, customary to inquiries in construction risk researches, this paper appraised critical construction estimating risks. The study evaluated the sources, frequency and significance of construction estimating risks, using data from a questionnaire survey of 206 quantity surveyors in Nigeria. The data were analysed using factor analysis, Fussy Set Theory, Terrell Transformation Index (TTI), and Kruskal Wallis H tests. The results showed that estimating risks are correlate seven principal sources, namely: estimating resources, construction knowledge, design information, economic condition, the expertise of estimator, geographic factor, cost data, and project factors (λ, > 0.70 <1.0). Twenty-nine risk factors likewise emerged critical construction estimation risks (TTI, 69-87 > 65 percent) and the top three were low construction knowledge, inaccurate cost information and changes in government regulations (factor scores > 0.60 > 0.50). The awareness and accurate assessment of these risks into project cost estimation would reduce cost overrun. The study, therefore, recommends synergies between projects’ internal/ external environments for proper scoping of these risks into project estimates.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Wagh, Bhagyashree. "Construction Site Cost Estimation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 2839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5468.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Le, Hang Thu Thi, Veerasak Likhitruangsilp, and Nobuyoshi Yabuki. "A BIM-DATABASE-INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATION." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.16666.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a building information modeling (BIM)-database-integrated system for estimating the construction costs of building projects. The proposed system consists of four main modules: (1) the relational database management module, (2) the visualized BIM-integrated module, (3) the cost estimation module, and (4) the BIM-integrated report module. The relational database management module is designed to store and update the necessary data, which are extracted from BIM models. The visualized BIM-integrated module assists users in visualizing the complex building elements while performing cost estimating. The cost estimation module computes construction cost components. It can also automatically adjust to the change of the building element parameters while estimating costs. This module can minimize human errors associated with manual data input and calculation. The BIM-integrated report module allows users to access and comprehend the results conveniently. As compared to traditional 2D CAD drawings, the proposed system offers a more efficient methodology for construction cost estimating through 3D models. It can also minimize time, costs, and errors in the cost estimating process for building procurement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kale, Prof Amit. "Comparative Cost Estimation of Residential Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37847.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract: A construction project of any building is mainly based on 3 important steps that are planning, Cost Estimation of the building and proper execution of construction of the building. Construction cost estimation has the lion’s share of the research effort in construction management. The Objective is to analyze the effectiveness of various cost estimation methods by comparing traditional and various online websites. This study will provide more accurate estimates that save time and minimize errors. The research conducted will be helpful for estimation of construction, also proving how the introduction of IT sector in construction industry is turning out to be beneficial. Keywords: Estimation, Construction Management, Online Websites, minimize errors
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Li, Heng. "Neural networks for construction cost estimation." Building Research & Information 23, no. 5 (October 1995): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613219508727476.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ahiaga-Dagbui, Dominic D., and Simon D. Smith. "Rethinking construction cost overruns: cognition, learning and estimation." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19, no. 1 (April 7, 2014): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-06-2013-0027.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – Drawing on mainstream arguments in the literature, the paper presents a coherent and holistic view on the causes of cost overruns, and the dynamics between cognitive dispositions, learning and estimation. A cost prediction model has also been developed using data mining for estimating final cost of projects. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach was adopted: a qualitative exploration of the causes of cost overrun followed by an empirical development of a final cost model using artificial neural networks. Findings – A conceptual model to distinguish between the often conflated causes of underestimation and cost overruns on large publicly funded projects. The empirical model developed in this paper achieved an average absolute percentage error of 3.67 percent with 87 percent of the model predictions within a range of ±5 percent of the actual final cost. Practical implications – The model developed can be converted to a desktop package for quick cost predictions and the generation of various alternative solutions for a construction project in a sort of what-if analysis for the purposes of comparison. The use of the model could also greatly reduce the time and resources spent on estimation. Originality/value – A thorough discussion on the dynamics between cognitive dispositions, learning and cost estimation has been presented. It also presents a conceptual model for understanding two often conflated issues of cost overrun and under-estimation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yin, Hai Wen. "The Modeling of Buildings Cost Assessment Expert System with Differences." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5327.

Full text
Abstract:
It’s difficult to estimate the costs of hybrid constructions with great differentiations. This paper proposes a hybrid construction costs optimization model by reasonably selecting the feature attributes during costs estimation. SVR prediction model is established and it’s trained to shape the analog hybrid construction cost information estimation model. The experimental results show that the proposed model can accurately predicate the hybrid construction costs with higher efficiency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kahandawa, Ravindu, Niluka Domingo, Gregory Chawynski, and S. R. Uma. "Factors impacting post-earthquake damage repair cost estimations." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 12, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2019-0071.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose Reconstruction processes after an earthquake require estimating repair costs to decide on whether to repair or rebuild. This requires an accurate post-earthquake cost estimation tool. Currently, there are no post-earthquake loss estimation models to estimate repair costs accurately. There are loss assessment tools available, namely, HAZUS, performance assessment calculation tool (PACT), seismic performance and loss assessment tool (SLAT) and seismic performance prediction tool, which have not been specifically used for post-earthquake repair cost estimation. This paper aims to focus on identifying factors that need to be considered when upgrading these tools for post-earthquake repair cost estimation. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted as an exploratory study using a literature review, document analysis of the PACT, SLAT and HAZUS software and 18 semi-structured interviews. Findings The research identified information sources available for estimation and factors to be considered when developing estimations based on the information sources. Research limitations/implications The data was collected from professionals who were involved mostly in housing repair work in New Zealand. Therefore, impact of these repair work factors might vary in other forms of structures such as civil structures include bridges and the country as a result of varying construction details and standards. Practical implications The identified factors will be used to improve the loss estimation tools are such as PACT and HAZUS, as well as to develop a post-earthquake repair cost estimation tool. Originality/value Currently, the identified factors impacting post-earthquake damage repair cost estimations are not considered in loss estimation tools. Factors identified in this research will help to develop a more accurate cost estimation tool for post-earthquake repair work.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Adeli, Hojjat, and Mingyang Wu. "Regularization Neural Network for Construction Cost Estimation." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 124, no. 1 (January 1998): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1998)124:1(18).

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kurasova, O., V. Marcinkevičius, V. Medvedev, and B. Mikulskienė. "Early Cost Estimation in Customized Furniture Manufacturing Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2021.11.1.1010.

Full text
Abstract:
Accurate cost estimation at the early stage of a construction project is a key factor in the success of most projects. Many difficulties arise when estimating the cost during the early design stage in customized furniture manufacturing. It is important to estimate the product cost in the earlier manufacturing phase. The cost estimation is related to the prediction of the cost, which commonly includes calculation of the materials, labor, sales, overhead, and other costs. Historical data of the previously manufactured products can be used in the cost estimation process of the new products. In this paper, we propose an early cost estimation approach, which is based on machine learning techniques. The experimental investigation based on the real customized furniture manufacturing data is performed, results are presented, and insights are given.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Александр Ильич, Петровский, and Капустина Надежда Валерьевна. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATION ACCURACY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 1 (March 2021): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2021-1-1-165-169.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Zhang, Yong Gang, Yong Hong Wang, and Yuan Yuan Zhao. "Validation Control of Construction Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2650.

Full text
Abstract:
Project investment is the most important factor in construction. Project-establishment, design, project bidding and construction phases are the basic stages in construction. According to different phases, scientific investment estimation method, cost engineers participating in design, realistic tender sum limit and strictly overall controlling are the validation methods. Eventually, realize the goal of controlling construction cost.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Park, Young-Jun, and Chang-Yong Yi. "Resource-Based Quality Performance Estimation Method for Construction Operations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094122.

Full text
Abstract:
Construction quality is one of the primary management objectives relating to duration and cost for construction projects. Project managers struggle with minimizing duration and cost while maximizing quality for construction projects. In construction projects, duration and cost have management priorities. On the other hand, quality is considered a matter of achievement only when it reaches a certain level. Although the importance of quality control in construction management has been constantly discussed, it has still been sacrificed under the goal of shortening construction duration and reducing costs. This study presents a method for estimating the quantitative quality performance of construction operations in which the level of detail is breaking into the work task level for intuitive quality performance evaluation. For this purpose, quality weights of resources that have a proportional quality importance weight and quality performance indexes of resources are utilized for estimating the quantitative quality performance of construction operations. Quality performance estimation and the resource allocation optimization system is presented and validated using a construction simulation model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Hassim, Salihudin, Ratnasamy Muniandy, Aidi Hizami Alias, and Pedram Abdullah. "Construction tender price estimation standardization (TPES) in Malaysia." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 3 (April 16, 2018): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2016-0215.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The pre-tender estimation process is still a hazy and inaccurate process, despite it has been practiced over decades, especially in Malaysia. The methods evolved over time largely depend on the amount of information available at the time of estimation. More often than not, the estimate produced during the pre-tender stage is far more than the tender cost of the project and sometimes, it is perilously underestimated and caused major problems to the client in the monetary planning. The purpose of this paper is to determine the most influential factors on the deviation of pre-tender cost estimation in Malaysia by conducting a survey. Design/methodology/approach Fuzzy logic, combined with artificial neural network method (fuzzy neural network) was then used to develop an estimating model to aid the pre-tender estimation process. Findings The results showed that the model is able to shift the cost estimation toward accuracy. This model can be used to improve the pre-tender estimation accuracy, enabling the client to take the necessary early measures in preparing the funding for a building project in Malaysia. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on tender price estimation standardization for a construction project in Malaysia. In addition, the authors have used factors from literature for the model, which shows the thoroughness of the developed model. Thus, the findings and the model developed in this study should be able to assist contractors in coming out with a more accurate tender price estimation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Dang, Chau Ngoc, and Long Le-Hoai. "Revisiting storey enclosure method for early estimation of structural building construction cost." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 7 (August 20, 2018): 877–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2015-0111.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop several predictive models for estimating the structural construction cost and establish range estimation for the structural construction cost using design information available in early stages of residential building projects. Design/methodology/approach Information about residential building projects is collected based on project documents from construction companies with regard to the design parameters and the actual structural construction costs at completion. Storey enclosure method (SEM) is fundamental for determining the building design parameters, forming the potential variables and developing the cost estimation models using regression analysis. Nonparametric bootstrap method is used to establish range estimation for the structural construction cost. Findings A model which is developed from an integration of advanced SEM, principle component analysis and regression analysis is robust in terms of predictability. In terms of range estimation, cumulative probability-based range estimates and confidence intervals are established. While cumulative probability-based range estimates provide information about the level of uncertainty included in the estimate, confidence intervals provide information about the variability of the estimate. Such information could be very crucial for management decisions in early stages of residential building projects. Originality/value This study could provide practitioners with a better understanding of the uncertainty and variability included in the cost estimate. Hence, they could make effective improvements on cost-related management approaches to enhance project cost performance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Chen, Min, Jian Guo Chen, and Xin Xin Cheng. "Individual Cost Estimation in Construction Bidding Process Based on Cost Index." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4652.

Full text
Abstract:
Tender offer is very important to the construction enterprises in the bidding process. So how to identify the individual cost objectively and efficiently is studied in the essay. The relations of social average cost and individual cost, the factors affecting the individual cost and the difficulty in ascertaining the cost in the bidding process are analyzed. Grey RBF neural network model is built combining with the cost index to obtain the social average cost. The Analytic Hierarchy Process model is made to analyze the rate of each factor affecting the individual cost through expert system. On the basis of the social average cost combining with the affecting rate of each factor, the individual cost could be judged. This method is of practical significance and proved effective through a living example. The conclusion could provide reference for construction enterprise to select the bidding strategy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Rui, Zhenhua, Paul A. Metz, Gang Chen, Xiyu Zhou, and Xiaoqing Wang. "Inaccuracy in Pipeline-Compressor-Station Construction-Cost Estimation." Oil and Gas Facilities 2, no. 05 (August 8, 2013): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/160119-pa.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Kim, Sang-Yon. "Bayesian Model for Cost Estimation of Construction Projects." Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 11, no. 1 (February 20, 2011): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkic.2011.02.1.091.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Leung, Mei‐Yung, Martin Skitmore, and Yee Shan Chan. "Subjective and objective stress in construction cost estimation." Construction Management and Economics 25, no. 10 (October 2007): 1063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190701573296.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Ji, Sae-Hyun, Joseph Ahn, Hyun-Soo Lee, and Kyeongjin Han. "Cost Estimation Model Using Modified Parameters for Construction Projects." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 30, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8290935.

Full text
Abstract:
Construction projects require huge amounts of capital and have many risk factors due to the unique industry characteristics. For a project to be successful, accurate cost estimation during the design phase is very important. Thus, this research aims to develop a cost estimation model where a modification method integrates influential factors with significant parameters. This study identified a modified parameter-making process, which integrates many influential factors into a small number of significant parameters. The proposed model estimates the cost using quantity-based modified parameters multiplied by their price. A case study was conducted with 24-residence building project, and the estimation accuracy of the suggested method and a CBR model were compared. The proposed model achieved higher overall cost-estimation accuracy and stability. A large number of influence factors can be modified as simple representatives and overcome the limitations of a conventional cost estimation model. The paper originality relates to providing a modified parameter-making process to enhance reliability of a cost estimation. In addition, the suggested cost model can actively respond to the iterative requirements of recalculation of the cost.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Shin, Yoonseok. "Application of Boosting Regression Trees to Preliminary Cost Estimation in Building Construction Projects." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/149702.

Full text
Abstract:
Among the recent data mining techniques available, the boosting approach has attracted a great deal of attention because of its effective learning algorithm and strong boundaries in terms of its generalization performance. However, the boosting approach has yet to be used in regression problems within the construction domain, including cost estimations, but has been actively utilized in other domains. Therefore, a boosting regression tree (BRT) is applied to cost estimations at the early stage of a construction project to examine the applicability of the boosting approach to a regression problem within the construction domain. To evaluate the performance of the BRT model, its performance was compared with that of a neural network (NN) model, which has been proven to have a high performance in cost estimation domains. The BRT model has shown results similar to those of NN model using 234 actual cost datasets of a building construction project. In addition, the BRT model can provide additional information such as the importance plot and structure model, which can support estimators in comprehending the decision making process. Consequently, the boosting approach has potential applicability in preliminary cost estimations in a building construction project.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Biolek, Vojtěch, and Tomáš Hanák. "LCC Estimation Model: A Construction Material Perspective." Buildings 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9080182.

Full text
Abstract:
The growing pressure to ensure sustainable construction is also associated with stricter demands on the cost-effectiveness of construction and operation of buildings and reduction of their environmental impact. This paper presents a methodology for building life cycle cost estimation that enables investors to identify the optimum material solution for their buildings on the level of functional parts. The functionality of a comprehensive model that takes into account investor requirements and links them to a construction cost estimation database and a facility management database is verified through a case study of a “façade composition” functional part, with sublevel “external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) with thin plaster”. The results show that there is no generally applicable optimum ETICS material solution, which is caused by differing investor requirements, as well as the unique circumstances of each building and its user. The solution presented in this paper aims to aid investor decision-making regarding the choice of the building materials while taking the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) into account.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Elfaki, Abdelrahman Osman, Saleh Alatawi, and Eyad Abushandi. "Using Intelligent Techniques in Construction Project Cost Estimation: 10-Year Survey." Advances in Civil Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/107926.

Full text
Abstract:
Cost estimation is the most important preliminary process in any construction project. Therefore, construction cost estimation has the lion’s share of the research effort in construction management. In this paper, we have analysed and studied proposals for construction cost estimation for the last 10 years. To implement this survey, we have proposed and applied a methodology that consists of two parts. The first part concerns data collection, for which we have chosen special journals as sources for the surveyed proposals. The second part concerns the analysis of the proposals. To analyse each proposal, the following four questions have been set. Which intelligent technique is used? How have data been collected? How are the results validated? And which construction cost estimation factors have been used? From the results of this survey, two main contributions have been produced. The first contribution is the defining of the research gap in this area, which has not been fully covered by previous proposals of construction cost estimation. The second contribution of this survey is the proposal and highlighting of future directions for forthcoming proposals, aimed ultimately at finding the optimal construction cost estimation. Moreover, we consider the second part of our methodology as one of our contributions in this paper. This methodology has been proposed as a standard benchmark for construction cost estimation proposals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Demetrescu, Traian Cristian, and Cristian Oliviu Burada. "Estimation of Construction Depreciation by the Age-of-Life Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.365.

Full text
Abstract:
Estimation of construction depreciation is an important element in the valuation of real estate by cost approach. The age method - economic life is one of the three methods of estimating the total depreciation of the buildings used by the authorized evaluators in Romania. The two elements used in estimating total depreciation are actual age and economic life. For estimating the economic lifetime a quantitative method can be used using market data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Sri Handayani, Fajar, Rheza Imam Prabowo, Aria Ramandika Kurnia, Florentina Pungky Pramesti, Mochamad Agung Wibowo, and Ary Setyawan. "User cost estimation on flexible and rigid pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819506011.

Full text
Abstract:
The unsatisfactory condition of Indonesia’s local roads needs to be improved to support the national transportation network. However, construction activities to improve it often have negative impacts, among other: an increase of user cost. This article aims to calculate user cost generated by flexible and rigid pavement construction. This study was carried out on a local road in Indonesia. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) method is used to analyse the user cost. The results show that user cost of flexible pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 734,290 and US$ 449,830 respectively, futhermore user cost of rigid pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 1,994,920 and US$ 1.203.640 respectively. These indicate that the longer the analysis period, the more economical the user cost.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Al-Mohsin, MA, and AS Al-Nuaimi. "Modeling of Construction Cost of Villas in Oman." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol11iss1pp34-43.

Full text
Abstract:
In this research, a model for estimating construction cost of villas is presented. The model takes into account four major factors affecting villa's cost, namely: built up area, number of toilets, number of bedrooms and the number of stories. A field survey was conducted to collect information required for such model using data collection form designed by the researchers. Information about 150 villas was collected from six well experienced consultants in the field of villa design and supervision in Oman. Collected data was analyzed to develop suggested model which consists of two main levels of estimate. The first level is at the conceptual design stage where the client presents his/her need of space and basic information about the available plot for construction. The second level of cost estimation is carried out after the preliminary design stage where the client has to decide on the finishes and type of structure. At the second level of estimation, the client should be able to decide whether to precede for construction or not, according to his/her budget. The model is general and can be used anywhere and was validated for accepted degree of confidence using the actual cost of the 112 executed villa projects in Oman. The villas included in this study were owned by clients from both high and low income brackets and had different types of finishing material. The developed equations showed good correlation between the selected variables and the actual cost with R2 = 0.79 in the case of conceptual estimate and R2 = 0.601 for preliminary estimate.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Smith, Sadie, Andrew Braham, Sarah Hernandez, and John Kent. "Development of a Cost Estimation Framework for Potential Transload Facilities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 9 (June 17, 2018): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774690.

Full text
Abstract:
As the cost of transportation continues to rise and there is a growing push for a more environmentally friendly transportation network, optimizing mode distributions becomes an attractive solution. One way to optimize mode distributions is through strategically located freight transfer facilities, such as transload facilities. While there are many benefits to this type of facility, such as the emissions savings or pavement damage reductions garnered by shifting commodity tonnage onto alternative modes of transport, it is also essential that transportation planners understand the costs associated with building transload facilities. Unfortunately, literature does not provide an adequately disaggregated and scalable cost estimation approach that could be applied to various configurations and types of transload facilities. In this research, a cost estimation framework was created to determine the basic cost of transload facilities by type using unit costs from a construction cost database, equipment costs from local dealers, the projected commodity tonnage, design recommendations from literature, and survey responses from local facilities. A case study based upon proposed facilities in Arkansas was completed to illustrate the effectiveness of this methodology. While there is currently no construction design for these facilities, this framework yielded costs consistent with those expected. A key finding was that storage costs could account for up to 81% of a transload facility’s costs. Overall, this cost framework is believed to balance general scalability with accuracy well to provide reasonable cost estimations for constructing new or expanded facilities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Alzebdeh, Khalid, M. Al-Siyabi, Ali Al-Nuaimi, and Mohammad Khadem. "COST ESTIMATION PRACTICES PREVALENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN OMAN." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 16, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol16iss2pp115-129.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper reports findings of a study that captures cost estimation practices and techniques prevalent in the construction industry in Oman. It also identifies the success and risk factors that are encountered in the cost estimation process. Eighty structured questionnaires were distributed to some professionals working in construction projects, selected randomly from large and medium size enterprises across the Sultanate. A response rate of 56% was achieved. The results showed that the unit rate method, the use of historical data and benchmarking are the most common methods used for cost estimation. Success and risk factors as reported by respondents were analyzed and ranked accordingly. The main sources of risk were reported by respondents as “Unclear reading and understanding of specifications”, “Lack of clear documents of the project scope of work”, and “Unavailability of Resources”. This study provides an insight understanding of revealed practices and techniques and globally share the findings with researchers and professionals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Yousif, Jabar H., Saif N. Abdul Majeed, and Fouad J. I. Al Azzawi. "Web-Based Architecture for Automating Quantity Surveying Construction Cost Calculation." Infrastructures 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5060045.

Full text
Abstract:
Quantity Surveying (QS) is a process concerned with controlling and managing the costs of construction projects. QS Measurement relies on sophisticated measurement rules that are understood by experienced practitioners. Traditional QS systems, such as standard paperwork, are time-consuming and only approximate the cost estimate. This paper aims to design and deploy a web-based framework for automating the cost estimation of concrete construction, using ASP.NET. It introduces a user-friendly interface, which ensures that the work is completed in the chronological order of the construction phases. The proposed QS framework offers a reliable and time-efficient estimation method, in comparison to other methods (i.e., human labor using paper or Excel), which was tested using real data and was validated by experts and consultant companies. Furthermore, it automated the reading of project information from construction maps, which reduced errors when estimating costs. It could also automatically determine the project location using Google Maps and could quickly guide the user to the location. The proposed QS framework automated the manual and Excel work of cost computing with an accuracy of 99%, reducing human calculation errors. It also effectively reduced the calculation time to only three days (compared to 114 days of manual work or 19 days of Excel work). The comparison result of the Quantity Surveyor’s average paid salary indicated that using web-based QS framework helps in reducing the cost estimation time and labor costs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Bruce, Jarel C., Han-Sup Han, Abdullah E. Akay, and Woodam Chung. "ACCEL: Spreadsheet-Based Cost Estimation for Forest Road Construction." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/26.4.189.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A computer program has been developed to aid forest engineers in the cost estimation of forest road construction activities. This new tool, called ACCEL, uses Visual Basic for Applications within Microsoft Excel to compute the costs of construction components using interactive sheets, automated tasks, and advanced computer routines. The user is guided through road construction components and prompted for cost data, earthwork quantities, survey information, and the conditions of the construction environment to estimate total construction cost. Road design elements and site characteristics are variables used to optimize earthwork allocation, improving on using the mass diagram method. The program also estimates clearing and grubbing areas, rock surfacing volumes, and culvert lengths. ACCEL was validated by comparing the results to those of RoadEng (by Softree), ensuring that formulas were input correctly and showing close agreement in results. This program was created in a recognizable format, i.e., Microsoft Excel, and builds on basic quantity and cost estimation techniques. ACCEL is intended to improve the decisionmaking process for experienced forestry practitioners in forest road construction regardless of region, company, or agency affiliation by accepting their inputs and performing the calculations for different route alternative or varying design specifications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Jiang, Qinghua. "Estimation of construction project building cost by back-propagation neural network." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-08-2019-0195.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose Building cost is an important part of construction projects, and its correct estimation has important guiding significance for the follow-up decision-making of construction units. Design/methodology/approach This study focused on the application of back-propagation (BP) neural network in the estimation of building cost. First, the influencing factors of building cost were analyzed. Six factors were selected as input of the estimation model. Then, a BP neural network estimation model was established and trained by ten samples. Findings According to the experimental results, it was found that the estimation model converged at about 85 times; compared with radial basis function (RBF), the estimation accuracy of the model was higher, and the average error was 5.54 per cent, showing a good reliability in cost estimation. Originality/value The results of this study provide a reliable basis for investment decision-making in the construction industry and also contribute to the further application of BP neural network in cost estimation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Yu, Wen-der, Chien-chung Lai, and Wan-li Lee. "A WICE approach to real-time construction cost estimation." Automation in Construction 15, no. 1 (January 2006): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2005.01.005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Thal, Alfred E., Jason J. Cook, and Edward D. White. "Estimation of Cost Contingency for Air Force Construction Projects." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 136, no. 11 (November 2010): 1181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000227.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Rui, Zhenhua, Paul A. Metz, and Gang Chen. "An analysis of inaccuracy in pipeline construction cost estimation." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 5, no. 1 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2012.044176.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Tijanić, Ksenija, Diana Car-Pušić, and Marija Šperac. "Cost estimation in road construction using artificial neural network." Neural Computing and Applications 32, no. 13 (August 16, 2019): 9343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04443-y.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Baird, David, and Ian E. Winkle. "Construction Cost Optimization of Buoyant Steel Structures." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 04 (November 1, 1985): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.4.259.

Full text
Abstract:
The need for a rational means of comparing structures in terms of not only weight but also construction time and cost is established. This paper describes a database and methodology used at Glasgow University which is proposed as a general method for cost estimation and optimization. Examples are given to demonstrate the use and capabilities of the proposed method.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Fazil, Mohammad Waffy, Chia Kuang Lee, and Puteri Fadzline Muhamad Tamyez. "COST ESTIMATION PERFORMANCE IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS." International Journal of Industrial Management 11 (August 31, 2021): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.11.1.2021.6131.

Full text
Abstract:
Cost estimation in construction project is very critical for avoiding cost overrun in the project. This paper aims to provide a basis for improving cost estimation performance in construction through a systematic review of previous studies for last 31 years. The papers have identified a total of 238 construction cost estimation papers in 23 journals. Only 33 papers focused on factors influencing the performance of cost estimation. These papers were then analyzed, synthesized, and summarized in terms of the distribution across countries and citation influences. The factors of cost estimation performance were clustered to several themes with most of the factors in control themes. The factors in control themes are cluttered based on Organizational Control Theory (OCT). However, control themes provide less conceptual basis and dynamic to explain cost estimation performance and relationship among the factors. Therefore, this study reclassified other factors of cost estimation performance with reference to Contingency Theory (CT) and Task-Technology Fit Theory (TTFT). Hence, a new framework with relationship among the factors and cost estimation performance was developed. Further development and research of using the CT and TTFT frameworks were also discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Nie, Shu Min, and Jun Yan Liu. "Discussion on Objective-Cost Planning for Construction Project Objective-Total Cost Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2323.

Full text
Abstract:
The construction project for the construction woks is the cost center of the construction enterprise and the standpoint of the cost management for the construction enterprise, strengthening the cost management is the inevitable choice of the construction enterprise to accumulate the funds and enhance the competitiveness. Since the construction project period is long, it is complex to recognize the median income and measurement of the intermediate cost, and the bidding period and the cost incurred after putting into use are uncertain, the traditional cost management method no longer meets the practical needs of the management for the building construction enterprise. This requires us to be innovative in the cost management mode of the construction project, and make a scientific estimation in the future level of cost and possible future trends through the objective-cost planning research of the construction project.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Meharie, Meseret Getnet, Zachary C. Abiero Gariy, Raphael Ngumbau Ndisya Mutuku, and Wubshet Jekale Mengesha. "An Effective Approach to Input Variable Selection for Preliminary Cost Estimation of Construction Projects." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 25, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4092549.

Full text
Abstract:
Accurate cost estimates are vital to the effective realisation of construction projects. Extended knowledge, wide-ranging information, substantial expertise, and continuous improvement are required to attain accurate cost estimation. Cost estimation at the preliminary phase of the project is always a challenge as only limited information is available. Hence, rational selection of input variables for preliminary cost estimation could be imperative. A systematic input variable selection approach for preliminary estimating using an integrated methodology of factor analysis and fuzzy AHP is presented in this paper. First, the factor analysis is used to classify and reduce the input variables and their variable coefficients are determined. Second, fuzzy AHP based on the geometric mean method is employed to determine the weights of input variables in a fuzzy environment where the subjectivity and vagueness are handled with natural language expressions parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. Then, the input variables are suggested to be selected starting with those having high coefficient and high importance weight. A set of three variables, one from each group, can be added to the estimating model at a time so that the problem of collinearity can vanish and good accuracy of the estimate can be ensured. The proposed approach enables cost estimators to better understand the complete input variable selection process at the early stage of project development and provide a more accurate, rational, and systematic decision support tool.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Jaafari, Abolfazl, Iman Pazhouhan, and Pete Bettinger. "Machine Learning Modeling of Forest Road Construction Costs." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091169.

Full text
Abstract:
The economics of the forestry enterprise are largely measured by their performance in road construction and management. The construction of forest roads requires tremendous capital outlays and usually constitutes a major component of the construction industry. The availability of cost estimation models assisting in the early stages of a project would therefore be of great help for timely costing of alternatives and more economical solutions. This study describes the development and application of such cost estimation models. First, the main cost elements and variables affecting total construction costs were determined for which the real-world data were derived from the project bids and an analysis of 300 segments of a three kilometer road constructed in the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran. Then, five state-of-the-art machine learning methods, i.e., linear regression (LR), K-Star, multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and Instance-based learning (IBL) were applied to develop models that would estimate construction costs from the real-world data. The performance of the models was measured using the correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent of relative error index (PREI). The results showed that the IBL model had the highest training performance (R = 0.998, RMSE = 1.4%), whereas the SVM model had the highest estimation capability (R = 0.993, RMSE = 2.44%). PREI indicated that all models but IBL (mean PREI = 0.0021%) slightly underestimated the construction costs. Despite these few differences, the results demonstrated that the cost estimations developed here were consistent with the project bids, and our models thus can serve as a guideline for better allocating financial resources in the early stages of the bidding process.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Juszczyk, Michał, and Agnieszka Leśniak. "Modelling Construction Site Cost Index Based on Neural Network Ensembles." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030411.

Full text
Abstract:
Construction site overhead costs are key components of cost estimation in construction projects. The estimates are expected to be accurate, but there is a growing demand to shorten the time necessary to deliver cost estimates. The balancing (symmetry) between time of calculation and satisfaction of reliable estimation was the reason for developing a new model for cost estimation in construction. This paper reports some results from the authors’ broad research on the modelling processes in engineering related to estimation of construction costs using artificial intelligence tools. The aim of this work was to develop a model capable of predicting a construction site cost index that would benefit from combining several artificial neural networks into an ensemble. Combining selected neural networks and forming the ensemble-based models compromised their strengths and weaknesses. With the use of data including training patterns collected on the basis of studies of completed construction projects, the authors investigated various types of neural networks in order to select the members of the ensemble. Finally, three models that were assessed in terms of performance and prediction quality were proposed. The results revealed that the developed models based on ensemble averaging and stacked generalisation met the expectations of knowledge generalisation and accuracy of prediction of site overhead cost index. The proposed models offer predictions of cost in an accepted error range and prove to deliver better predictions than those based on single neural networks. The developed tools can be used in the decision-making process regarding construction cost estimation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Hakami, Waled, and Awad Hassan. "Preliminary Construction Cost Estimate in Yemen by Artificial Neural Network." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2019-0007.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The construction industry in Yemen is currently facing challenges associated with rapid development of technology; thus, cost estimation is considered a key factor that should align with this technological advancement. The main problem in the area of preliminary estimate in Yemen is how to make estimate accurately. The aim of this study is to analyse a modern method of preliminary cost estimation in Yemen to prove its efficiency over the traditional method. Therefore, a wide range of literature sources regarding the preliminary estimates using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a modern technique is considered. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted in this study depending on the theoretical premises discussed in literature and the ANN technique, respectively. The independent variables were chosen in the course of literature review. The collected data were classified and processed regarding the ANN constraints and encoded for building and analysis of the ANN model. NeuroSolution 6 software was used to build, train, and test the network as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. In addition, the results of training, testing, and sensitivity analysis were obtained and discussed showing high effectiveness of accurate estimates with less than 1 % error. The ANN model is a more powerful technique for estimating costs in the preliminary stage that should be used in the developing countries instead of the traditional methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Xu, Jing, and Meiying ye. "Construction project cost estimation model cost dependent on multi-objective fuzzy optimization calculation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1904, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1904/1/012001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Salari, Mostafa, Nooshin Yousefi, and Mohhmad Mahdi Asgary. "Cost Performance Estimation in Construction Projects Using Fuzzy Time Series." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 6, no. 1 (January 2015): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.2015010104.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, the authors develop a model to estimate future performance of construction projects. For the purpose of estimation, fuzzy times series models are used as an effective approach in estimation process. Furthermore, linguistic terms are applied to interpret the fuzzy-based results. The proposed model can assists project managers to develop their knowledge concerning the future aspects of project cost performance. It also provides the early warning of weak upcoming performance of project and extends the feasible time for corrective actions. Eventually, a small example has been provided to illustrate how the new model can be implemented in reality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Handayani, Fajar Sri, Florentina Pungky Pramesti, Mochamad Agung Wibowo, and Ary Setyawan. "Agency cost estimation on flexible and rigid pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925802020.

Full text
Abstract:
Flexible pavement is a road pavement type which is commonly used, however rigid pavement is also widely used now days in Indonesia. It has even been used for local roads (managed by local authority), which take in heavy vehicle loads. This rigid pavement is used because it has longer service life and higher durability. The need for a durable road resulted in higher construction costs, whereas the budget for local road design and construction is often limited. This study aims to evaluate the agency costs that must be incurred for flexible and rigid pavement construction. Two alternatives of design life are simulated for each type of pavement, namely design lives of 10+10 year and 20 year for flexible pavement and design lives of 20+20 year and 40 year for rigid pavement. The agency costs of those alternatives are analysed using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) program-RealCost 2.5. The results show agency costs for alternative flexible pavement 1 (design life of 10y + 10y) and alternative 2 (design life of 20 y) are $ 1,421,930 and $ 1,061,680 respectively. Furthermore for the rigid pavement, the agency cost for alternative 1 (design life 20y + 20 y) and alternative 2 (design life 40 y) is $. 443,990 and $. 350,870 respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Nishi, Nobuo, and Masaru Minagawa. "Management of Incorrect Public Works Cost Estimations for Japan’s Local Governments." Public Policy and Administration 20, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.20.1.27272.

Full text
Abstract:
Local governmental public works departments frequently engage in planning, cost estimation, ceiling price determination, bidding, contracting, construction, supervision, and inspection activities for various building projects. However, despite all this work, local governments in Japan often cancel bids for project design and construction due to incorrect cost estimations. Consequently, facilities are often not constructed as planned, resulting in adverse impacts on public services and decreased government employees’ motivation. While local governments have conducted internal investigations to prevent incorrect estimations, a firm diagnosis model and preventive measures have not been developed. This study analyses the various causes of incorrect cost estimations and subsequently examines the resulting social problems. We propose improved human resources development management and organisational management techniques using the V-mSELC model—an error analysis model designed to address incorrect cost estimations. The study aims to aid public works professionals and interested scholars.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Yun, Seokheon. "Analysis of Cost Estimation Level from BIM Model and Development of QDB based Integrated Cost Management Model." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 10, 2021): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2064.

Full text
Abstract:
A change in the traditional construction cost management system is necessary for systematic construction cost management through BIM, but it has yet to present practical improvements. In this study, we would like to present a framework for information structure for Building Information Modeling(BIM)-based construction cost management. In order to analyze the differences between the traditional construction cost management system and the BIM-based construction cost management system, the level of development (LOD) was used to analyze how much existing Bill of Quantity(BoQ) can be satisfied through the BIM model. To this end, the level of availability of information in the BIM model was analyzed for the traditional BoQ of the construction work. Based on LOD 300, the analysis of the level of satisfying the traditional BoQ by utilizing the information that can be extracted from the BIM model showed that the level of information in the BIM model based on the number of items was 35%, and the impossible information was 20.8%. As a result of analyzing the ratio of construction costs, 22.68% of the BIM model's information was still available, and 10.31% of the information was impossible. Items that cannot be calculated will need to be incorporated into other items or improved by means of calculation using schematics. In addition to this level of information, it is necessary to improve the structure of traditional BoQ documents so that they can be utilized in conjunction with the BIM model. It was intended to present the framework of the information structure for the management of construction costs. This framework is constructed by adding element and space information that can be linked to the BIM model to the traditional BoQ, which enables the integrated operation of the BIM-applied construction cost management system as well as the traditional construction cost management system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Liu, Xin Liang, Tao Yin, and Guo Dong Wu. "Practical Application Study of Gaussian Process Model in Construction Project Cost Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 3100–3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.3100.

Full text
Abstract:
Early understanding of construction cost represents a critical factor of a feasibility study in the early design phase of a project. A new project cost estimation model based on Gaussian Process was proposed. Gaussian Process model theory was introduced, and project cost estimation model based on Gaussian Process’ flow chart was analyzed in detail. Through example analysis, project cost estimation model based on Gaussian Process using Nelder-Mead and genetic algorithms algorithm was proven feasible for this problem and represented accuracy than BP neural network.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Dunovic, Ivana Burcar, Kristijan Robert Prebanic, and Pavao Durrigl. "Method for Base Estimation of Construction Time for Linear Projects in Front-end Project Phases." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 12, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 2312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2018-0026.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractEven though horizontally linear projects have low complexity schedules, they are still not successful in meeting planned time. The deadlines are mostly based on estimations done in front-end project development when limited data are available. Early time estimation models in literature rely on few variables and, almost in all cases, one of them is the estimated cost. Early cost estimations can significantly deviate from actual costs and thus lead to unreliable time estimation. Time estimation models based on neural network and other alternative methods require databases and software, which complicates the process of time estimation. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap of scarce time estimation models and unreliable time estimates by developing a new method for time estimation. This research has been done on one large sewer system project. The case study shows how to extract several continuous activities for a pipeline project chosen from a sewer system. Moreover, a new algorithm for the calculation of project duration is devised based on the existing equation related to the linear scheduling method, and this algorithm works with continuous activities. The new method for construction time estimation is based on the extraction of linear continuous activities, usage of the algorithm for identification of minimal buffer between activities, and calculation of the project duration. To verify the algorithm, this method is used on another pipeline project from a sewer system. The limitation is that this method can be used only for base estimation. Further research needs to be done to include uncertainties and risks in the method.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Pujitha, K. S. V. S., and K. Venkatesh. "Forecasting the construction cost by using unit based estimation model." Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.546.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Construction cost estimation' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography