Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction en béton – Défauts'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Construction en béton – Défauts.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Qiu, Lei. "Caractérisation d'un système par impédance thermique : application à la détection de défauts résistifs dans une structure en béton." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0208.
Full textThe work developed is located in the context of thermal identification and non-destructive testing of systems. The objective is to describe the behavior of stable or slowly progressive approach by identifying thermophysical parameters. The approach is to first establish the theoretical model of the system tested in the basic "explanation" which is usually the time and, from experimental results to be determined by optimizing the parameters sought. The system studied is characterized by its response function (transfer function, impedance,...). In these functions, the medium is characterized by global parameters or apparent. Our analysis is placed in the frequency domain where the convolution product, which exists in the space of time, turns into a single product. The system is then characterized by its transfer function. The study of flow-temperature relationships in a plane leads to introduce the concept of thermal impedance. Developments and applications made in this work are related to the thermal characterization of concrete in the laboratory and in situ and the detection of defects adequately contrasted positioned at different depths. The ultimate goal is to be able to use the solicitation for the identification of natural systems. The difficulty lies in the exploitation of natural data so random in a process located in the frequency domain. Flux measurements and temperature are performed on one side of access, which is in contact with the outside microclimatic environment
Perez, Fabien. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique des éléments bicouches sous sollicitations statiques et cycliques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22536/22536.pdf.
Full textLeklou, Nordine. "Contribution à la connaissance de la réaction sulfatique interne." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/417/.
Full textThe delayed formation of ettringite (DEF) is a chemical reaction that can cause the deterioration of concrete. The swelling mechanism of this reaction is complex and involves many parameters (temperature, composition of concrete, humidity. . . ). However, despite the studies on the subject over the past decade, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of our research is to provide as much as possible new elements to a better understanding of the internal sulfate attack and thus meet three objectives are "Understanding", "Prevention" and "Healing". For that, we developed a series of tests to enable us to achieve a specific experimental approach to meet these objectives. To meet the goal "Understanding", a Macro-Micro study of DEF was done. The results have been exploited macroscopically (by measuring changes in length) and microscopic (SEM observations on direct samples or replicas). The effect of different parameters on the development of this pathology has been studied. The results showed that the levels of alkalis and C3A are of great importance for the development of DEF while the E/C ratio and the pre-microcracking of the materials are important for the kinetics of DEF. It also appears that a high E/C ratio, a temperature of water conservation maintained at 40-50°C and frequently renewed water conservation causes rapid swelling due to DEF. The nature of the material (mortar or concrete) also determines the expansions. .
Ghannoum, Maria. "Effets des hétérogénéités du béton sur le comportement mécanique des structures à plusieurs échelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI035/document.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the modeling of the spatial variability of tensile strength of concrete structures, at different scales, and its influence on concrete cracking pattern. Particularly, a size effect law and random fields are used through two approaches:On the one hand, an analytical probabilistic approach of the Weakest Link and Localization (WL2) method is proposed. This method estimates the distribution of the tensile strength, at different scales, accounting for the stress redistributions around the weakest point.It depends on a scale length, whose identification is discussed. This scale length accounts for spatial randomness of the concrete tensile strengthOn the other hand, another contribution of this thesis is the development of a Stochastic Finite Element (SFE) method, used to model both size effect and the spatial variability of the tensile strength. The method consists first on defining a random field, using the mean tensile strength estimated from the analytical approach of WL2. Then, discretized autocorrelated random field realizations are generated. Moreover, the choice of autocorrelation parameters, used to define the random fields, is discussed.The applicability of both methods is evaluated using various experimental series exhibiting particularly statistical size effect. Furthermore, the SFE method is used to complete the simplified FE model of a 1/3 mock-up of a double-wall containment building. The uncertainties on the tensile strength, at this scale, are modeled using independent autocorrelated random field at each scale. Uncertainties propagation, at initial state, shows its pertinence in the estimation of crack positions
Tran, Duc Long. "Impact of intrinsic granular porosity on the durability properties of concrete." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30021.
Full textThe preservation of natural resources and the limitation of CO2 emissions are a contribution to sustainable development. In the context of the concrete design, this contribution consists in using local or recycled aggregates. However, local or recycled aggregates can be porous and of low quality.The scientific community agrees that the intrinsic porosity of aggregates changes the transport properties of concrete, but to what extent is still a question. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the impact of intrinsic coarse aggregate porosity on mainly the durability properties of concrete. In a preliminary understanding and with a view to accentuating phenomena occurring in the concrete, an experimental program is designed for elementary model (EM), which is composed of paste and gravel. The impact of the aggregate nature (porous and non-porous), moisture state and volume together with the binder nature, is analyzed on i) the water porosity of EM, ii) the structuration of the paste-aggregate interface. Next, at concrete scale, materials were designed with the same skeleton of aggregates (same sand) and the same equivalent binder content. The designs varied by the aggregate nature, moisture state, the binder nature, the variation of water/cement ratio and the incorporation of chemical admixtures (plasticizer or superplasticizer). The impact of coarse aggregate porosity on properties in the fresh state (slump, apparent density and entrapped air content) and in the hardened state (compressive strength, water porosity, water absorption, gas permeability, chloride migration, accelerated carbonation and Portlandite content) was studied. The main results show that the moisture state of aggregate and the binder nature are the first factors that condition the structuring of the paste/aggregate interface within the elementary model. The necessity to use porous aggregates in saturated surface dry is particularly highlighted. At the scale of concrete, the properties in the fresh state are influenced by the aggregate porosity and the water/binder (W/B) ratio. However, for a fixed W/B ratio corresponding to fluid consistency, the variations in the fresh properties measured when porous aggregates are incorporated do not depend on the binder nature. In hardened concrete, porosity of aggregate plays an important role in water porosity and air permeability of concrete whatever the nature of binder. For other durability properties (water absorption, Clo migration, carbonation and compressive strength), the nature of binder overcome leading in comparison to the porosity of aggregate
Al, Wardany Riad. "Caractérisation non destructive des structures en béton au moyen des ondes dispersives de Rayleigh et de Lamb." Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0272.pdf.
Full textA new acoustical non-destructive method has been developed in this study. The method, named FK, is based on the frequency-wavenumber analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh & Lamb). It can accurately provide the variation of the shear wave velocity in concrete with depth. Experiments, conducted on various concrete slabs, have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method to determine thicknesses and elastic properties (Yong’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio) of the near surface degradation. The FK method showed also high potential to detect and locate cracking plans parallel to the concrete surface. An in situ application has also demonstrated the capacity of the FK method to generate 2D images of the concrete Young’s modulus
Habita, Mohamed Fouzi. "Contribution à l'étude de l'incidence de l'alcali-réaction sur le comportement mécanique des poutres en béton armé." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10251.
Full textBaril, Marc-Antoine. "Effets de défauts de coulage sur la micro-fissuration des dalles minces en béton fibré à ultrahaute performance - étude par stéréovision et corrélation d'images digitales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29636.
Full textUltra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is well known for its great compressive resistance and its ductility. Furthermore, it is also well known that UHPFRC strongly depends on fibers’ orientations relatively to the direction of stresses. However, little is documented in the literature about the impact of local fiber discontinuity caused by casting defect. In this MSc thesis, a laboratory protocol is developed in order to measure the impact of the presence of defects in a UHPFRC slab on the mechanical response. This protocol is based on a system of photogrammetric measurement by digital image correlation (DIC). This technique allows the precise measure of the deformation as well as the displacement with help of a pair of high resolution digital camera. A computer-based post treatment analysis of these pictures is used to create a 3D model of the observed sample surface. With this new analysis method, it is possible to present different aspect of the non-linear behavior of this material. During this project, 6 different geometries of slab with and without casting defect were submitted to flexional stress by punctual loading. By developing a laboratory protocol adapted to this project, digital image correlation analysis gave a multitude of very precise results. A specific attention is made to the impact of the defect on the global mechanical behavior as well as the local damaging caused by the micro-cracks.
Nasser, Abdelkader. "La corrosion des aciers dans le béton à l'état passif et par carbonatation : prise en compte des courants galvaniques et des défauts d'interface acier-béton." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1091/.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the durability of nuclear waste deep storage structures. The work carried out is essentially an experimental study, and focuses on the corrosion of steel in the passive state with aerated or non-aerated conditions on the one hand, and the corrosion of steel in carbonated concrete during the propagation phase on the other hand. Indeed, the pore solution of concrete in contact with the metal is alkaline (pH between 12 and 13). Under these conditions, steel reinforced concrete remains passive by forming a stable and protective oxide layer (corrosion of steel in the passive state). This passive layer limits the steel corrosion rate at very low values (negligible on a short life time) but not null. For the nuclear waste storage structures due to a very long life time (up to several hundred years), this low corrosion rate can become a risk. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evolution of the oxide layer growth over time. The objectives of the thesis are to study the influence of the steel-concrete interface quality on reinforcement corrosion in passive and active state, and the possible occurrence of galvanic corrosion currents between different reinforcement steel areas. The study of corrosion in the passive state showed the presence of a new oxide layer, rich in calcium, formed post-casting by transformation of initial oxides layer such as magnetite whatever the conservation condition. The presence of interface steel-concrete default increases the kinetics of formation of this new layer. Despite of this, corrosion rates in passive state measured with or without default interface are equivalent and corrosion rates remain less than 0. 6 ?A/year (0. 05 ?A/cm2). The study of corrosion due to concrete carbonation shows clearly that extremely important galvanic corrosion currents can propagate between different reinforcement areas, especially in the presence of interface steel-concrete default
Berthet, Jean-Fabien. "Non linéarité de comportement de colonnes en béton confinées par enveloppes composites." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10156.
Full textYoussef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431/document.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Vanhove, Yannick. "Contribution à l'étude du frottement d'un béton autoplaçant contre une surface métallique : application aux poussées contre les coffrages." Artois, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ARTO0203.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate the friction of fresh concrete with metallic formwork. A specially designed tribometer was developed to investigate such friction and was adapted for various types of concrete mixtures. The originality of this work lies mainly in the fact that it concerns a commonly used material for wich the friction against the forming surface has not been sufficiently investigated. A new approach is used in this study to predict the lateral pressure induced by the fresh concrete pressure. A particular interest is the formwork pressure exerted by highly flowable concrete, or self-compacting concrete. When the concrete is cast into place, a limit interface layer reduces the frictional stresses with the formwork material. When the pressure applied on the concrete is greater than a certain critical pressure, some of the cement particles and fines come into direct contact with the formwork material, and the concrete begins to follow a granular comportment. This leads to greater increase in friction stress which varies with the flow velocity between the rising fresh concrete and formwork material. When a demoulding agent is applied at the interface, the friction stress depends mainly on the physico-chimical characteristics of the resulting film of paste at the interface. In certain cases, these agents can maintain the integrity of the limit layer near the wall surface. This allows, during the flow of the plastic concrete, to reduce the friction at the wall compared to similar situation where a demoulding agent is not used. Well established models used for silos were used to predict the formwork pressure exerted by fresh concrete. Similary between the evolution of concrete pressure and ensiled granular mediums one was observed on site, though the strains are different. From these observations, several models derived from Janssen's model, have been proposed. The model adapted in the case of fresh concrete allows the prediction with satisfaction formwork pressure. This study can therefore enable the used of the designed tribometer to test a variety of material and placement parameters to predict formwork pressure instead of large-scale and often expensive field tests
Zhang, Wulong. "Influence des défauts de mise en place du béton et des fissures fonctionnelles transversales sur la corrosion des armatures des structures en béton exposées aux chlorures." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0009.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to investigate the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in concrete under chloride environment, in relation to the impact of top-casting-induced defects in the steel-concrete interface, artificial transverse crack and load-induced transverse cracks.Three main parts are included in this thesis. The first part investigates the characteristics of steel-concrete interface, including the distribution of air bubbles at steel-concrete interface, the properties of bleed water voids and the microstructure of cement hydration products at steel-concrete interface, and the effect of top-casting defects on the chloride ions penetration at steel-concrete interface. The second part studies the effect of top-casting defects and artificial crack on the corrosion behavior of steel rebars in early corrosion period under chloride environment, containing the pitting corrosion distribution and the kinetic process analysis of steel rebar in concrete. The third part discusses the influence of top-casting-induced defects on the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel of naturally corroded beams under sustained loading in a relative long exposure term, including the cracking maps of RC beams, the chloride profiles, the cross-sectional loss of reinforcing steel and the distribution of corrosion on steel rebars.According to the experimental results from the first part, it was found that, air bubbles mainly appeared at the location of the rib zone of the bottom side of deformed steel according to the casting direction. Bleed water voids always appeared at the bottom interface of steel-concrete, while the top interface of steel-concrete was denser compared to that of the bottom interface. Portlandite crystals and ettringites mainly nucleated and grown at the bottom interface of steel-concrete. The presence of bleed water voids facilitated the transportation of chloride ions at the steel-concrete interface.In the case of the second part, corrosion mainly initiated at the location of rib zone of the bottom side of steel rebar according to the casting direction due to the presence of top-casting defects. The steel bars in concrete with artificial crack exhibited a higher corrosion rate corrosion compared to the steel bars in concrete without artificial crack in early period. However, after this period, a similar corrosion rate was identified for steel rebars in concrete with or without artificial crack.For the third part, top-casting defects are the most significantly impacting factor accelerating the deterioration of reinforced concrete. In the case of compressive bars, with top-casting defects, although the distribution of corrosion was random, corrosion was manly prone to occur at the bottom side of compressive bars facing top-casting defects. Without top-casting defects, the corrosion was more prominent on the outside part of rebars facing the concrete surface exposed to chloride ingress. After the presence of corrosion-induced cracks, corrosion gradually developed all around the perimeter of rebars, with the result that top-casting defect no longer affected the corrosion process. In the case of tensile bars, with top-casting-induced defects, corrosion starts at service cracks and then develops preferentially at the bottom surface of the tensile bar. Without top-casting defects, corrosion starts at service cracks but does not develop along the tensile bars. It is only when the chloride content at the depth of reinforcement reaches a critical value that corrosion develops along the tensile bar-preferentially at the outside surface of the rebar because of its probable higher chloride content
Ouayou, Balie Simon. "Flambage de coques cylindriques circulaires fissurées sous pression latérale externe." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0059.
Full textIn many areas of applied science, large thin-walled structural panels are increasingly becoming characteristic architectural features. Box-girder bridge decks and nuclear reactor vessels, for instance, are made up of several thin walled steel panels welded together. Instability and buckling present over-riding constraints on the design process. In addition, the presence of joints which are very often the origin of surface fissures poses increasing dangers on the overall stability of these structures. The work presented here is a study of the buckling behaviour of cylindrical shells with in-depth cracks under external lateral pressure. Essentially, the work is divided up into two major parts : the first involves data collection on the buckling behaviour of cylindrical shells without fissures. This information constitutes the common ground for studying their influence on the buckling behaviour. Furthermore, an analytical method is used to determine the effect of geometrical imperfection and boundary conditions on the buckling load. Finally, a numerical procedure applicable to the analysis of such structures with in-depth cracks is established. The second part focuses on experimental tests on shells with such fissures as a function of their population, orientation, length and position with respect to weld or joint. The values obtained are compared with those obtained numerically in part one and the agreement is found to be good
Drizi, Said. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement des voiles porteurs en béton banche vis-à-vis des sollicitations sismiques." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066077.
Full textHeinfling, Grégory. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique du comportement du béton et des structures en béton armé sous sollicitations thermo-mécaniques à hautes températures." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0002.
Full textThis work concerns the development of a numerical model for concrete under tire or nuclear accident conditions. Within the temperature range concerned (20°C-1200°C), the behavior of concrete is affected by the physical and chemical changes of its microstructure. Within the framework of an uncoupled thermo mechanical analysis, the phenomena that have to be accounted for are the temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of concrete as well as the dependency of the response of concrete on the combined thermal and mechanical loading history. A thermo plasticity based model is proposed for the compressive and the cracking behavior of concrete. The irreversible variations of the properties of concrete are introduced. A multisurface plasticity criterion which accounts for the increasing sensitivity of compressive strength to hydrostatic pressure is developed. The pathological mesh dependency of the numerical solution is partially solved with help of the Hillerborg method. A phenomenological model is used for the evaluation of the thermo mechanical interaction strains. Structures submitted to high temperatures are analyzed. The capability of the model to describe the load and temperature history dependency of the response is checked. The effects of different hypotheses concerning the evolution of the fracture energy of concrete are studied. The behavior of a nuclear power plant raft in accidental conditions is analyzed. The results emphasize the importance of the thermo mechanical interaction on the predicted behavior of the structures. A contribution to the analysis of the spalling of concrete at high temperatures is proposed. The concrete is modeled within the framework of the mechanics of porous media. The thermoplastic model is a pp lied to the analysis of the skeleton through the effective stress. A simplified method for the evaluation of pore pressures and Biot coefficient is proposed and the behavior of concrete specimens is analyzed
Bou, Said Elias. "Contribution à la modélisation des effets différés du bois et du béton sous conditions climatiques variables : application aux structures mixtes bois-béton." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0017/these.pdf.
Full textThe long term serviceability of timber and concrete structures subjected to moisture variations is influenced by many coupled hydromechanical phenomena. The underestimation of the induced time-dependent effects may cause large deflections, stress redistributions, cracks or even delayed failure. Improving structures durability goes through an accurate prediction of delayed strains. The objective of this work is to develop an efficient numerical tool able to describe shrinkage, creep and time dependent failure of wood, concrete and composite structures
Nazé, Pierre-Alain. "Contribution à la prédiction du dommage des structures en béton armé sous sollicitations sismiques : proposition d'amélioration pour l'évaluation de la nocivité d'un signal et du dommage pour les structures à ossatures : introduction à l'analyse fiabiliste de l'endommagement en fonction de la nocivité d'un signal sismique." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textSince prediction of earthquake still remains impossible, foreseeing structural damages due to seismic motion has become a key point in earthquake engineering. This work aims at evaluating the relevance of classical seismic signal damaging potential indices and at proposing improvement of these indices in order to provide better prediction of structural damage due to earthquake. The first part supplies a non exhaustive state of the art of main Damaging Potential Indices IP and Damage Indices ID used in earthquake engineering. In the second part, IP/ID correlations results are analysed in order to evaluate IP relevance, to justify displacement based approach use (capacity spectrum method) for damage prediction and to make good the proposal for improvement of Damaging Potential Index. But studding seismic signal damaging potential is usually not enough to foresee damage firstly because scalar representation of damaging potential is not easy to link to physics reality and secondly because of damage scattering often observed for a single value of seismic signal damaging potential. In the same way, a single damage index value may correspond to very different structural damage states. Hence, this work carries on with a contribution to damage index reliability improvement, able to detect real structural damage appearance as well as to quantify this damage by associating the distance between one structural sate and the structural collapse, defined as an instability
Paradis, François. "Analyse du comportement structural d'un composite mince en béton. : nalyse du comportement structural du canoë de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21701/21701.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents bares the analyses of Laval University’s Apogee 2002 concrete canoe. The predominant objective is to investigate and understand the canoe’s reaction under various loading patterns. A second objective is to elaborate design criteria for these types of structures. These criteria and comprehension of the structural behavior will be used for the upcoming canoes. These objectives are achieved coalescing experimentation and modeling. The present work begins with the elaboration of the concrete design used for Apogee’s construction. The characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of the composites used in the structure follows. Additionally, the sub-structures of the canoe and the entire canoe’s structural reaction analyses are predicted fulfilled using a finite element software. Finally, in-situ tests are performed on the canoe and the results compared to that obtained with the numerical model. The experimentation comprised both static and dynamic tests. Dynamic testing is used to determine the strain amplification due to paddling and turning. The design criteria are determined and presented according to the results obtained from the finite element software followed by experimentation.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Raphael, Wassim. "Étude fiabiliste du fluage des structures en béton armé et précontraint." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0878.
Full textDelemontey, Yvan. "Le béton assemblé : préfabriquer la France de l’après-guerre (1940-1955)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083273.
Full textIn French cities after the Second World War, reconstruction heralded a rethink in the scale of building along with the rise of a novel, state-run form of construction management. The State, requiring vast numbers of homes to be built, set about industrialising the means of production, transforming irrevocably a building sector long wedded to ancestral habits. The result was a particularly French solution: prefabricated concrete. A cross between the hegemony of material and an infatuation with new production methods, this solution made the construction process the designer's central preoccupation. This thesis begins by looking at the position of prefabrication within the discourse of the immediate post-war era. It then considers the impact of foreign influences, especially those of the American "scene", on the modernisation of building methods and techniques. It then considers prefab development diachronically: it shows how, in an early phase (1940-49), a lack of resources stimulated astonishing progress as prefabrication broke away from the metals industry - its traditional partner - and became instead inseparable from the masonry sector; and it highlights the role of prefabrication, during a later phase marked by growing improvement in the nation's economic and material welfare (1949-1955), in the structural paradigm shift that occurred in housing at the turn of the decade
Colina, Horacio Enrique. "Maitrise de la fissuration de peau du béton : étude géométrique et modelisation." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9215.
Full textBencheikh, Mohamed. "Connexion acier-béton : comportement au cisaillement et à l'arrachement des ancrages dans le béton à différentes températures de 20 à 550° C." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0055.
Full textDuballet, Romain. "Systèmes constructifs en fabrication additive de matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1011.
Full textThis work addresses a particular topic of automation in construction called 3D concrete printing, or additive manufacturing of cementitious materials. It proposes new manufacturing techniques, other than casting or projection, making use of programmed robots to progressively bring the material where it needs to be, without traditional moulds. The associated promises are thus waste reduction, speed and versatility. More precisely we focus on extrusion techniques, they are inspired from a rapid prototyping approach called fused deposition modeling that consists in stacking laces of fresh mortar onto each other to form a three dimensional object.With such a technique, it is possible to "print" the walls of a house inside a gantry structure. This is the main idea proposed today, with promises of productivity, speed and labor cost reduction. This gained popularity in the past few years, businesses and academic projects were born all over the world, research being mostly focused on rheology and mortar formulation. The question of actual usage of such techniques is rarely placed at the center of discussion, whereas it is not clear yet how they will penetrate the market, and more importantly which among the many possible printing processes are more suited to be associated with complete building systems.The house printing idea is a direct and metaphoric transposition of the rapid prototyping method to a larger scale. With the current strategies, involving materials with high cement content, printing a single house in the form of straight or slightly curved walls can be seen as an environmental absurdity. To become a real solution to current housing issues, concrete printing has to bring significant innovation. It is not yet clear if productivity increase will be sufficient to do so. However, if new building products, of novel performances, could be made at a reasonable cost with such techniques, they could become a substantial addition to the building industry. The two courses of action are again material composition and geometry. Provided a very "poor" material is printable, massive straight wall houses can become competitive. Otherwise, material consumption can be decreased by printing walls with a complex and light internal structure. In chapter 4 we have proposed a potential solution to make lighter space structures for single house walls. Chapter 5 is dedicated to its prototyping.Apart from housing, the other main fields of application for building systems with robotic extrusion are infrastructures and public works. Some bridges have already been built. Specific underground structures have also been printed and installed in France, see figure below. For those sectors, complex geometrical context and specificity of prefabricated objects can account for 3D printing perhaps more easily than for housing. Surface finish and second work can indeed become less crucial, while productivity gains can be easily obtained.This work is divided in four chapters, and goes from theoretical to experimental. In chapter 2 we try to circumscribe our topic, namely robotic extrusion for automation in construction, through a state of the art report and some definition attempts. Many strategies are indeed possible to print cementitious materials, and can greatly differ in terms of physical phenomena at stake in the material or technology. This brings us to the subsequent question of actual building systems based on such printing processes. In chapter 3 we propose a classification method, to explore some possible approaches. The goal of this work is to shift the current discussion from the "house printing" approach to a generalized understanding of automated building systems with cementitious extrusion
Benboudjema, Farid. "Modélisation des déformations différées du béton sous sollicitations biaxiales : application aux enceintes de confinement de bâtiments réacteurs des centrales nucléaires." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0152.
Full textThe prediction of delayed strains is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures (bridges, containment vessels of nuclear power plants, etc. ). Indeed, creep and shrinkage cause cracking, losses of pre-stress and redistribution of stresses, and also, rarely, the ruin of the structure. The objective of this work is to develop numerical tools, able to predict the long-term behavior of concrete structures. Thus, a new hydro mechanical model is developed, including the description of drying, shrinkage, creep and cracking phenomena for concrete as a nonsaturated porous medium. The modeling of drying shrinkage is based on an unified approach of creep and shrinkage. Basic and drying creep models are based on relevant chemo-physical mechanisms, which occur at different scales of the cement paste. The basic creep is explicitly related to the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water between interhydrates and intrahydrates and the capillary pores, and the sliding of the C-S-H gel at the nano-porosity level. The drying creep is induced by the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water at different scales of the porosity, under the simultaneous effects of drying and mechanical loadings. Drying shrinkage is, therefore, assumed to result from the elastic and delayed response of the solid skeleton, submitted to both capillary and disjoining pressures. Furthermore, the cracking behavior of concrete is described by an orthotropic elastoplastic damage model. The coupling between all these phenomena is performed by using effective stresses which account for both external applied stresses and pore pressures
Mallat, Amjad. "Phénomènes de dégradation des ouvrages anciens, techniques et matériaux de réhabilitation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1111.
Full textRabih, Mahmoud. "Comportement et modélisation de connecteurs de types cornière et goujon utilisés en construction mixte acier-béton." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL079N.
Full textDubé, Jean-François. "Modélisation simplifiée et comportement visco-endomageable des structures en béton : applications aux séismes et aux choc des ouvrages en béton armé." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0021.
Full textIstanbouli, Ali. "Etude et optimisation des cycles Gros-œuvre pour la réalisation des bâtiments en béton armé." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS010.
Full textA plan which is to be useful for a process in the future should be a forecast of the best way to carry out that process. In mulit-storey building this objective is usually achieved by the efficient use of resoureces and depends on the definition of an appropriate plan of repetitive cycle (typical floor network). The typical floor network involves idnetical activities repeated consecutively from one floor to the next. The sequence of works in this type of construction is controlled by many technical constraints. Some of thesconstraints are between works executed on the same stage (horozontal constraints), and some of them are between works executed on different stages (vertical constraints)
Fichant, Stéphanie. "Endommagement et anisotropie induite du béton de structures : modélisations approchées." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0015.
Full textEl, Hachem Ibrahim Rana. "Etude multi-critères de la dégradation des matériaux cimentaires par l'attaque sulfatique externe." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0027.
Full textDurability became an important criterion to take into account when designing concrete structures. Particularly those built in aggressive aqueous media and subjected to chemical attacks such as sulphates, which are known for their destructive ability on cementitious materials. The objective of this work is to establish a representative test for the field conditions and to propose a relevant study to evaluate the effect of these parameters on the performance of cementitious materials subjected to an external sulphate attack (ESA). In this frame, we focused on the exposure’s conditions like the sulphate concentration of the surrounding solution, the exposure time and pre-conditioning, and we will study the parameters related to the material properties such as the type of cement, the properties of the cement matrix, the curing conditions and the mineral additions. The different measures and analyses (SEM, TGA, Porosimetry) show that gypsum has a destructive and expansive character as well as ettringite. The saturation degree has also an important influence on the kinetics and on the degradation scenario. In order to understand the degradation mechanism and analyse the behaviour of the material throughout the attack, we propose the numerical modelling of the phenomenon. We propose an improvement for Tixier & Mobasher model on the damage level. This model is then implemented in Comsol Multiphysics’, finite element software to follow the propagation of the concentration and degradation fronts. These numerical results on sulphate diffusion and expansive product formation are promising
Xuefeng, Wu. "Modélisation numérique de la fissuration du béton à partir d'une approche probabiliste." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9118.
Full textOstrowski, Christopher. "Auscultation des ouvrages en béton par thermographie infrarouge active et passive." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0210.
Full textThis work deals with the study of infrared thermography as a non destructive testing method in order to detect defect in concrete buildings. First time, the aim is to detect tendons and empty duct and characterise the thermal diffusivity of reinforced concrete by active thermography. Pulsed Phase Thermography (PPT) is used to increase the detection by the analyse of phase images in low frequencies. The thermal diffusivity is identified by iterative inverse method Gauss Seidel and numerical model. This method minimise the sum of a least square function defined as the difference between measurements and a model results. Based on an exhaustive study of sensitive coefficients, the experimental mode is optimally designed. Second time, by passive thermography, we try to detect flaws under concrete slabs using time sequential thermography. To obtain accuracy location, the thermal images are associated to a topographical reference
Ragueneau, Frédéric. "Fonctionnement dynamique des structures en béton : influence des comportements hystériques locaux." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0001.
Full textDelhumeau, Gwenaël. "Hennebique et la construction en béton armé, 1892-1914 : des brevets aux matériaux." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040184.
Full textAyed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textHamouine, Abdelmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier-béton de hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0009.
Full textBouazaoui, Loubna. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et théorique de structures mixtes acier-béton assemblées par collage." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000220.pdf.
Full textThis study concerns the experimental and theoretical analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the steel-concrete composite beams assembled with an adhesive joint. First, we studied the effect of the main parameters such as the construction method of the concrete slab, the surface state of the substrates, the adhesive nature and the irregular thickness of the adhesive joint on mechanical performances of the glued composite beams of 3. 3 m of span. The use of strain gauges and inductive sensors enabled us to characterize the strains distribution in these beams and to measure the relative displacements between concrete slab and steel girder. In the second time, we carried out a bending experimental test on a full-scale of glued composite beam, (8. 5 m of span) in order to analyze the mechanical behaviour of the full-scale glued structure. Using an epoxy adhesive with the rigid behaviour to bond concrete slab to steel girder and sanding the surfaces of the two substrates steel and concrete, we showed that the connection by bonding with adhesive can ensure a perfect connexion between steel and concrete. We also showed that the concrete slab can be carried out by several precasted concrete elements glued together. Finally, the comparison beteween the mechanical behavior of the composite beams glued with an irregular thickness of the adhesive joint, in the transverse and longitudinal direction, and that of a composite beam glued with a regular thickness of adhesive joint, allowed us to tolerate a variation in the thickness of the adhesive joint of 2 mm in the transverse direction of the beam and of 4 mm in the longitudinal one. In conclusion, bonding can replace the metal connectors and allows to concrete slab and steel girder to act as unit alone
Ulm, Franz-Josef. "Modélisation élastoplastique avec endommagement du béton de structure. Application aux calculs statiques et dynamiques de structures en béton armé et béton précontraint." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529366.
Full textMulton, Stéphane. "Évaluation expérimentale et théorique des effets mécaniques de l'alcali-réaction sur des structures modèles." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0181.
Full textA large scale experimental program has been carried out at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), with Electricité de France (EDF) as a partner, in order to validate methodologies of mechanical reassessment of real structures damaged by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and thus answer to the needs of owners of civil engineering structures (bridges, dams, pavements). The final aim is to improve calculation tools in order to determine the evolution of ASR affected structures. Major features of this study were to point out the water driving effect and the compressive stresses consequences on swellings due to ASR. Thus, the hydro-chemo-mechanical behaviour of six instrumented laboratory structures has been monitored during a two years experimentation. Three specific devices have been designed to achieve the numerous measurements, in order to evaluate water movements in concrete and structural behaviours of the six structures : -the weighing device allows to measure the mass variations of the 900 kg beams, with a 10 g accuracy, -the gammadensitometry equipment is used to determine the relative mass variations along the height of the beams, -specific stiffness vibrating wire sensors achieve deformation measurements in the beams. Other current or improved techniques have been also used in order to complement the characterisation of the behaviour of the beams, and to quantify chemo-mechanical data related to the two concrete mixtures during two years. This laboratory experimental survey has collected numerous results to document both moisture and chemo-mechanical deformations, which builds a useful data bank in order to validate models. At last, measurements have increased knowledge useful for expert evaluation of ASR-affected structures about : -mechanical properties evolution of concrete mixture damaged by ASR, -methodology of residual expansion tests, -effects of moisture gradient in ASR-damaged structures, -consequences of late water supply on ASR progress in structures already damaged, -range and time-evolution of ASR swellings under specific stress states, due to mechanical loads, reinforcement or various environmental conditions, and, at last, the effect of this chemical reaction on the mechanical strength of damaged structures
Ciutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
Full textThe work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Ouglova, Anna. "Etude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé atteintes par la corrosion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0034.
Full textIn the reinforced concrete structures, by nature, the reinforcing steel is covered with a protective film consisted of iron oxides. Penetration of aggressive externat agents can destabilize the film and initiale corrosion. When the layer of corrosion products grows around of the steel, loss of the rebat cross-section which is transformed into rust, decrease of rebat ductility, cracking and delamination of the concrete and loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement can be observed. The mechanical load capacity decreases and the ruin mechanism of concrete structures can change. The necessity is Io understand phenomena due to corrosion in order to perform a re-evaluation of the service lifetime of the reinforced concrete structures attacked by the corrosion
Ketata, Mahmoud. "Construction d'un modèle élastique fragile anisotrope endommagé en traction-torsion." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1451_mketata.pdf.
Full textPhan, Thanh Song. "Modélisation numérique de l'interface acier-béton : application au comportement des structures en béton renforcées par des aciers plats crantés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788282.
Full textArsenault, Guillaume. "ÉTUDE DIAGNOSTIQUE D'UNE STRUCTURE EN BÉTON, PRÉCONTRAINTE PAR POST-TENSION." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27528/27528.pdf.
Full textThis work has been possible due to collaboration between the Ministère des Transports du Québec and the Centre de Recherche sur les Infrastructures en Béton de Université Laval at the restructuration of Dufferin-Montmorency overpass. The demolition of structures that haven’t reached their total service life time allowed the production of a great quantity of information on a prestressed structure of the Quebecer road network. In chapter 5, observations on prestressed structures have been grouped. This kind of information is, most of time, unavailable on an existing structure due to impossible inspection. In chapter 7, a classification of different exposure conditions of the inspected structural elements is showed as well as a numerical technique for predicting the time before corrosion starts. The last two chapters relate discussions on the actual state of this structure which is particular because one section has never been exposed to traffic.
Loho, Ghandi. "Comportement statique et sismique d'assemblages poutre-poteau en acier et mixtes acier-béton boulonnés par platine d'extrémité." Rennes, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAR0014.
Full textKhadivi-Banna, Habibollah. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement en flexion de tubes métalliques remplis de béton." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0022.
Full textFiset, Mathieu, and Mathieu Fiset. "Étude du comportement des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés à l'effort tranchant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37919.
Full textLe comportement à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé est un sujet étudié depuis plus d’un siècle. Bien qu’aujourd’hui la compréhension du comportement de ces structures s’est considérablement améliorée, aucune théorie universellement acceptée ne permet de considérer l’ensemble des phénomènes régissant leur comportement à l’effort tranchant. L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse montre que ces théories sont insuffisantes pour prédire le comportement des structures post-renforcées à l’effort tranchant. Une meilleure compréhension des différents mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant agissant dans ce type de structure est donc requise. Les méthodes de post-renforcement étudiées consistent à forer des ouvertures à l’intérieur d’une dalle épaisse afin d’y ancrer des barres de renforcement. Selon le type d’ancrage utilisé, les méthodes de post-renforcement peuvent se départager en deux catégories. Un renforcement est dit adhérent lorsque l’ancrage est assuré par un adhésif permettant de transférer l’effort le long des barres au béton. Un renforcement est dit non adhérent lorsque le transfert d’effort s’effectue uniquement à l’extrémité des barres, à l’endroit où un ancrage mécanique assure une butée entre les barres et le béton. L’étude des méthodes de post-renforcement a montré que celles-ci peuvent augmenter significativement la résistance des éléments postrenforcés. Or, le comportement des barres de post-renforcement affecte le comportement à l’effort tranchant et les mécanismes de résistance. Les théories actuelles permettant de prédire la résistance à l’effort tranchant s’appliquant aux structures renforcées d’étriers conventionnels ne peuvent être utilisées directement. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer un modèle permettant d’évaluer le comportement et la résistance à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé post-renforcées. L’étude des membrures en béton post-renforcées de barres adhérentes fait l’objet de la première partie de cette thèse. En s’appuyant sur les essais expérimentaux réalisés antérieurement à l’Université Laval, des lois de comportement et des modèles numériques permettant d’analyser l’adhérence des barres collées ont été développés. En incluant ces lois comportementales dans des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis, la réponse et les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant ont été étudiés. Le développement d’outils mathématiques permettant d’évaluer le comportement de barres collées a permis de proposer une méthode de calcul de la résistance à l’effort tranchant. Cette méthode considère l’effet du comportement en adhérence sur la résistance à l’effort tranchant offerte par l’armature de cisaillement, Vs, et par le béton, Vc. Une quantité minimale d’armature de cisaillement ainsi que des critères d’espacement adaptés à ce type de renforcement adhérent ont également été proposés. Cette méthode a permis de mieux prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés de barres adhérentes. En deuxième partie de cette thèse, les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés de barres non adhérentes ont été étudiés. Pour ce faire, le comportement expérimental des éléments testés a été examiné puis comparé aux résultats des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis. Bien que la norme S6-14 ne permet pas de prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés, le comportement et la résistance de ces structures ont pu être prédits adéquatement par des analyses par éléments finis. L’analyse des essais expérimentaux et des modèles éléments finis ont montré que l’effort tranchant repris par les barres transversales est directement proportionnel à l’ouverture des fissures, à la rigidité des ancrages et à la précontrainte verticale du post-renforcement. Un modèle est proposé afin d’évaluer l’effort reprit par ces barres en fonction de ces paramètres. Les analyses numériques par éléments finis montrent également que l’effort tranchant est essentiellement repris par les barres transversales non adhérentes, la bielle de compression directe agissant dans la zone de béton non fissurée et, dans une moindre proportion, par l’enchevêtrement des granulats .
Le comportement à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé est un sujet étudié depuis plus d’un siècle. Bien qu’aujourd’hui la compréhension du comportement de ces structures s’est considérablement améliorée, aucune théorie universellement acceptée ne permet de considérer l’ensemble des phénomènes régissant leur comportement à l’effort tranchant. L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse montre que ces théories sont insuffisantes pour prédire le comportement des structures post-renforcées à l’effort tranchant. Une meilleure compréhension des différents mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant agissant dans ce type de structure est donc requise. Les méthodes de post-renforcement étudiées consistent à forer des ouvertures à l’intérieur d’une dalle épaisse afin d’y ancrer des barres de renforcement. Selon le type d’ancrage utilisé, les méthodes de post-renforcement peuvent se départager en deux catégories. Un renforcement est dit adhérent lorsque l’ancrage est assuré par un adhésif permettant de transférer l’effort le long des barres au béton. Un renforcement est dit non adhérent lorsque le transfert d’effort s’effectue uniquement à l’extrémité des barres, à l’endroit où un ancrage mécanique assure une butée entre les barres et le béton. L’étude des méthodes de post-renforcement a montré que celles-ci peuvent augmenter significativement la résistance des éléments postrenforcés. Or, le comportement des barres de post-renforcement affecte le comportement à l’effort tranchant et les mécanismes de résistance. Les théories actuelles permettant de prédire la résistance à l’effort tranchant s’appliquant aux structures renforcées d’étriers conventionnels ne peuvent être utilisées directement. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer un modèle permettant d’évaluer le comportement et la résistance à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé post-renforcées. L’étude des membrures en béton post-renforcées de barres adhérentes fait l’objet de la première partie de cette thèse. En s’appuyant sur les essais expérimentaux réalisés antérieurement à l’Université Laval, des lois de comportement et des modèles numériques permettant d’analyser l’adhérence des barres collées ont été développés. En incluant ces lois comportementales dans des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis, la réponse et les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant ont été étudiés. Le développement d’outils mathématiques permettant d’évaluer le comportement de barres collées a permis de proposer une méthode iii de calcul de la résistance à l’effort tranchant. Cette méthode considère l’effet du comportement en adhérence sur la résistance à l’effort tranchant offerte par l’armature de cisaillement, Vs, et par le béton, Vc. Une quantité minimale d’armature de cisaillement ainsi que des critères d’espacement adaptés à ce type de renforcement adhérent ont également été proposés. Cette méthode a permis de mieux prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés de barres adhérentes. En deuxième partie de cette thèse, les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés de barres non adhérentes ont été étudiés. Pour ce faire, le comportement expérimental des éléments testés a été examiné puis comparé aux résultats des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis. Bien que la norme S6-14 ne permet pas de prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés, le comportement et la résistance de ces structures ont pu être prédits adéquatement par des analyses par éléments finis. L’analyse des essais expérimentaux et des modèles éléments finis ont montré que l’effort tranchant repris par les barres transversales est directement proportionnel à l’ouverture des fissures, à la rigidité des ancrages et à la précontrainte verticale du post-renforcement. Un modèle est proposé afin d’évaluer l’effort reprit par ces barres en fonction de ces paramètres. Les analyses numériques par éléments finis montrent également que l’effort tranchant est essentiellement repris par les barres transversales non adhérentes, la bielle de compression directe agissant dans la zone de béton non fissurée et, dans une moindre proportion, par l’enchevêtrement des granulats.
Le comportement à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé est un sujet étudié depuis plus d’un siècle. Bien qu’aujourd’hui la compréhension du comportement de ces structures s’est considérablement améliorée, aucune théorie universellement acceptée ne permet de considérer l’ensemble des phénomènes régissant leur comportement à l’effort tranchant. L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse montre que ces théories sont insuffisantes pour prédire le comportement des structures post-renforcées à l’effort tranchant. Une meilleure compréhension des différents mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant agissant dans ce type de structure est donc requise. Les méthodes de post-renforcement étudiées consistent à forer des ouvertures à l’intérieur d’une dalle épaisse afin d’y ancrer des barres de renforcement. Selon le type d’ancrage utilisé, les méthodes de post-renforcement peuvent se départager en deux catégories. Un renforcement est dit adhérent lorsque l’ancrage est assuré par un adhésif permettant de transférer l’effort le long des barres au béton. Un renforcement est dit non adhérent lorsque le transfert d’effort s’effectue uniquement à l’extrémité des barres, à l’endroit où un ancrage mécanique assure une butée entre les barres et le béton. L’étude des méthodes de post-renforcement a montré que celles-ci peuvent augmenter significativement la résistance des éléments postrenforcés. Or, le comportement des barres de post-renforcement affecte le comportement à l’effort tranchant et les mécanismes de résistance. Les théories actuelles permettant de prédire la résistance à l’effort tranchant s’appliquant aux structures renforcées d’étriers conventionnels ne peuvent être utilisées directement. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer un modèle permettant d’évaluer le comportement et la résistance à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé post-renforcées. L’étude des membrures en béton post-renforcées de barres adhérentes fait l’objet de la première partie de cette thèse. En s’appuyant sur les essais expérimentaux réalisés antérieurement à l’Université Laval, des lois de comportement et des modèles numériques permettant d’analyser l’adhérence des barres collées ont été développés. En incluant ces lois comportementales dans des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis, la réponse et les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant ont été étudiés. Le développement d’outils mathématiques permettant d’évaluer le comportement de barres collées a permis de proposer une méthode iii de calcul de la résistance à l’effort tranchant. Cette méthode considère l’effet du comportement en adhérence sur la résistance à l’effort tranchant offerte par l’armature de cisaillement, Vs, et par le béton, Vc. Une quantité minimale d’armature de cisaillement ainsi que des critères d’espacement adaptés à ce type de renforcement adhérent ont également été proposés. Cette méthode a permis de mieux prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés de barres adhérentes. En deuxième partie de cette thèse, les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés de barres non adhérentes ont été étudiés. Pour ce faire, le comportement expérimental des éléments testés a été examiné puis comparé aux résultats des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis. Bien que la norme S6-14 ne permet pas de prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés, le comportement et la résistance de ces structures ont pu être prédits adéquatement par des analyses par éléments finis. L’analyse des essais expérimentaux et des modèles éléments finis ont montré que l’effort tranchant repris par les barres transversales est directement proportionnel à l’ouverture des fissures, à la rigidité des ancrages et à la précontrainte verticale du post-renforcement. Un modèle est proposé afin d’évaluer l’effort reprit par ces barres en fonction de ces paramètres. Les analyses numériques par éléments finis montrent également que l’effort tranchant est essentiellement repris par les barres transversales non adhérentes, la bielle de compression directe agissant dans la zone de béton non fissurée et, dans une moindre proportion, par l’enchevêtrement des granulats.
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete structures has been studied for more than one century. Even if shear behavior is now better understood, a unique shear theory has not been commonly accepted yet. The study presented in this thesis shows that current theories cannot adequately predict the shear behavior of strengthened structures with post-installed reinforcement and a better understanding of shear is required for this type of members. The shear strengthening methods studied consist of adding drilled-in vertical reinforcing bars into a reinforced concrete structure. These bars can be bonded to the concrete with a high-strength epoxy adhesive, or anchored at their extremities to the structure with mechanical anchorages, such as steel plates and expansion anchorages. Experimental loading tests carried out at Université Laval on shear strengthened members confirmed the efficiency of these methods to increase the shear capacity. However, the post-installed reinforcing bars behavior affects the shear behavior of strengthened members and current theories considering typical stirrups are not applicable. The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that can be used to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete members strengthened with post-installed shear reinforcement. The first part of this thesis consists in analyzing the shear behavior of reinforced concrete members strengthened with epoxy-bonded bars. Based on experimental tests, a bond model and a numerical model were developed to analyze the behavior of bonded bars. Then, this bond behavior was introduced in a finite element model to analyze the response and the shear resistance mechanisms in strengthened members. It appears that the bond behavior affects the capacity of the epoxy-bonded bar at a crack as well as the crack width, reducing the shear reinforcement and aggregate interlock capacities. Based on these results, equations were proposed to determine the shear capacity provided by epoxy-bonded bars and by the aggregate interlock. A minimum amount and spacing criteria were also proposed for epoxy-bonded shear reinforcing bars. The method proposed in this thesis for strengthened members with epoxy-bonded bars adequately predicts the shear capacity of members tested in the literature. The second part of this thesis studies the shear resistance mechanisms in shear strengthened members with unbonded reinforcing bars. The behavior of tested members and finite element models were analyzed and compared. While the CHBDC is not appropriate to predict the shear capacity of members with unbonded bars, FE analyses showed a good match with experimental tests. These results showed that a large portion of shear is transferred by unbonded shear reinforcement. The main parameters affecting this mechanism are the critical shear crack width, the unbonded bars stiffness (including the stiffness of anchorages) and the bars prestressing. For the analyzed members, FE results also showed that a large part of shear is carried by a direct strut action in uncracked concrete, while the portion of shear carried by aggregate interlock is relatively smaller
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete structures has been studied for more than one century. Even if shear behavior is now better understood, a unique shear theory has not been commonly accepted yet. The study presented in this thesis shows that current theories cannot adequately predict the shear behavior of strengthened structures with post-installed reinforcement and a better understanding of shear is required for this type of members. The shear strengthening methods studied consist of adding drilled-in vertical reinforcing bars into a reinforced concrete structure. These bars can be bonded to the concrete with a high-strength epoxy adhesive, or anchored at their extremities to the structure with mechanical anchorages, such as steel plates and expansion anchorages. Experimental loading tests carried out at Université Laval on shear strengthened members confirmed the efficiency of these methods to increase the shear capacity. However, the post-installed reinforcing bars behavior affects the shear behavior of strengthened members and current theories considering typical stirrups are not applicable. The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that can be used to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete members strengthened with post-installed shear reinforcement. The first part of this thesis consists in analyzing the shear behavior of reinforced concrete members strengthened with epoxy-bonded bars. Based on experimental tests, a bond model and a numerical model were developed to analyze the behavior of bonded bars. Then, this bond behavior was introduced in a finite element model to analyze the response and the shear resistance mechanisms in strengthened members. It appears that the bond behavior affects the capacity of the epoxy-bonded bar at a crack as well as the crack width, reducing the shear reinforcement and aggregate interlock capacities. Based on these results, equations were proposed to determine the shear capacity provided by epoxy-bonded bars and by the aggregate interlock. A minimum amount and spacing criteria were also proposed for epoxy-bonded shear reinforcing bars. The method proposed in this thesis for strengthened members with epoxy-bonded bars adequately predicts the shear capacity of members tested in the literature. The second part of this thesis studies the shear resistance mechanisms in shear strengthened members with unbonded reinforcing bars. The behavior of tested members and finite element models were analyzed and compared. While the CHBDC is not appropriate to predict the shear capacity of members with unbonded bars, FE analyses showed a good match with experimental tests. These results showed that a large portion of shear is transferred by unbonded shear reinforcement. The main parameters affecting this mechanism are the critical shear crack width, the unbonded bars stiffness (including the stiffness of anchorages) and the bars prestressing. For the analyzed members, FE results also showed that a large part of shear is carried by a direct strut action in uncracked concrete, while the portion of shear carried by aggregate interlock is relatively smaller
Andriamanantsilavo, Ny Riana. "Comportement des matériaux cimentaires dans un coffrage : expérimentation, modélisation et simulation de la poussée et du processus de maturation." Lorient, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LORIS029.
Full textSchenk, Thomas. "Le béton armé en France, 1889-1914 : expression architecturale d'un nouveau système technologique de construction." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24685/24685.pdf.
Full text