Journal articles: 'Construction industry Computer graphics'

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Fallon, K. K. "Early computer graphics developments in the architecture, engineering and construction industry." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 20, no. 2 (1998): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.667293.

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Leslie, W. H. P. "Data exchange in the construction industry." Computer-Aided Design 18, no. 9 (November 1986): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(86)90011-4.

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Zhou, Jian, Ai Min Wang, and Zhi Bing Lu. "An HCI Spatial Layout and Planning Technique for Ship Curved Block Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.31.

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According to the study on the information technology status of domestic shipbuilding industry, aiming as the demand of full-vision and effective management mode of curved block construction scheduling, the HCI (Human-computer Interaction) spatial layout and planning technique of curved block is proposed. Through Several technical points and rich-client application, the graphics vector modeling of curved block and the dual-dimension block layout and planning dynamic display technology are achieved, then on these bases an HCI scheduling management technology with graphics transformation as core is put forward. Finally, a prototype system was designed and developed to verify in practice.

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Reinhardt, Dagmar, Matthias Hank Haeusler, Kerry London, Lian Loke, Yingbin Feng, Eduardo De Oliveira Barata, Charlotte Firth, et al. "CoBuilt 4.0: Investigating the potential of collaborative robotics for subject matter experts." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120948742.

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Human-robot interactions can offer alternatives and new pathways for construction industries, industrial growth and skilled labour, particularly in a context of industry 4.0. This research investigates the potential of collaborative robots (CoBots) for the construction industry and subject matter experts; by surveying industry requirements and assessments of CoBot acceptance; by investing processes and sequences of work protocols for standard architecture robots; and by exploring motion capture and tracking systems for a collaborative framework between human and robot co-workers. The research investigates CoBots as a labour and collaborative resource for construction processes that require precision, adaptability and variability. Thus, this paper reports on a joint industry, government and academic research investigation in an Australian construction context. In section 1, we introduce background data to architecture robotics in the context of construction industries and reports on three sections. Section 2 reports on current industry applications and survey results from industry and trade feedback for the adoption of robots specifically to task complexity, perceived safety, and risk awareness. Section 3, as a result of research conducted in Section 2, introduces a pilot study for carpentry task sequences with capture of computable actions. Section 4 provides a discussion of results and preliminary findings. Section 5 concludes with an outlook on how the capture of computable actions provide the foundation to future research for capturing motion and machine learning.

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Hajjar, Dany, Simaan AbouRizk, and Jianfei Xu. "Construction site dewatering analysis using a special purpose simulation-based framework." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-016.

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Computer simulation has been successfully implemented in the area of construction management. However, this success has generally been limited to the academic arena with the industry lagging far behind. This failure is partly due to the inherent complexity of general simulators and their inability to abstract the underlying modeling fundamentals. Special purpose simulation (SPS) is a framework developed to address the stated drawbacks by focusing on the needs of the construction practitioner. The idea is to build modeling environments tailored to the specific requirements of a given industry domain. This paper presents the development and implementation of a construction dewatering analysis framework based on the ideas of SPS. Object-oriented design and graphical user interfaces are used in the development of an abstraction layer between a steady state hydrological model and the user. The integration capability of the framework are then presented by constructing an optimization module and linking it to the main modeling environment. A case study is provided to demonstrate the usefulness, intuitiveness, and validity of the framework.Key words: simulation, special purpose simulation, construction dewatering, optimization, computer applications.

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Serdyuk, A. I., I. D. Belonovskaya, and A. B. Radygin. "The Experience of Target Training for the Defense Industry." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 10 (December 3, 2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-10-125-135.

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The paper highlights the changes in the requirements for training of engineering personnel in connection with the rapid development of new machine-building technologies. Along with traditional engineering knowledge and skills, this training should provide the development of students’ competencies in the field of computer technology for design automation, production preparation. It is noted that the rich practical experience of engineers and teachers of the older generation in new conditions becomes obsolete; they can hardly acquire the rapidly changing computer systems of scientific research of subject areas, new technologies, such as 3D graphics and engineering analysis of structures, the system digitalization of production technologies as a whole. To train specialists of a new generation, technical universities should provide: modern educational and laboratory facilities including various computer and controller systems; applicants who have sufficient basic background and technical aptitude; high-skilled teaching staff specialized in modern computer technology willing to upgrade their teaching skills and personal qualifications. The paper dwells on the state support measures for universities to improve personnel training for high-tech industries, which include as a priority the system of personnel training for the military-industrial complex. The authors present an accumulated experience of the Aerospace Institute of the Orenburg State University in the area of stage-by-stage construction of modern educational and laboratory facilities, the formation of student contingent, retraining and raising qualification of the teaching staff, interaction with employers and partners.

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Rezgui, Yacine, Stefan Boddy, Matthew Wetherill, and Grahame Cooper. "Past, present and future of information and knowledge sharing in the construction industry: Towards semantic service-based e-construction?" Computer-Aided Design 43, no. 5 (May 2011): 502–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2009.06.005.

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Pedersen, Jens, Narendrakrishnan Neythalath, Jay Hesslink, Asbjørn Søndergaard, and Dagmar Reinhardt. "Augmented drawn construction symbols: A method for ad hoc robotic fabrication." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 3 (August 9, 2020): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120943163.

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The global construction industry is one the least productive sectors over a 30-year period, which arguably could be related to virtually no implementation of digital and automation technologies within the construction industry. Construction processes arguably consist of expensive manual labor or manual operation of mechanized processes, where hand-drawn markings on work-objects or partly build structures are used to inform and steer the construction process or allows for ad hoc adjustments of elements. As such, the use of on-object, hand-drawn information is considered integral to the modus operandi of a plurality of construction trades, where timber construction and carpentry are of special interest. In contrast, emerging methods of digital production in timber construction implicitly or explicitly seek to eliminate the interpretive component to the construction work, imposing a top-down paradigm of file-to-factory execution. While such systems offer a performance increase compared to manual labor, it is notoriously sensitive to construction tolerances and requires a high level of specialism to be operated, which could alienate craft-educated workers. This research argues that developing methods for digital production compatible with on-site human interpretation and adaptation can help overcome these challenges. In addition, these methods offer the opportunity to increase the robustness and versatility of digital fabrication in the context of the construction site. The article reports on a new method titled “augmented drawn construction symbols” that through a visual communication system converts on-object hand-drawn markings to CAD drawings and sends them to a robotic system. The process is demonstrated on a full-scale prototypical robot setup.

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Zhang, Jianping, Fangqiang Yu, Ding Li, and Zhenzhong Hu. "Development and Implementation of an Industry Foundation Classes-Based Graphic Information Model for Virtual Construction." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 29, no. 1 (November 30, 2012): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2012.00800.x.

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Hoła, Bożena, and Mariusz Szóstak. "Modeling of the Accidentality Phenomenon in the Construction Industry." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091878.

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The aim of the conducted research was to develop a methodology of investigating the accidentality phenomenon in the construction industry, which is considered as a process that is created by a sequence of accidents occurring at discrete periods of time and at various construction sites in terms of their location, construction, and technical equipment. In order to investigate the circumstances of accidents, a methodology developed by the European Statistical Office of the European Union (ESAW) was used during the research. The basic elements of the proposed methodology is the IT database (computer knowledge database (CKD)), which includes information about the circumstances and causes of accidents and also constitutes a repository for the collected data, as well as a graphic and IT model of the accident process in the form of a directed graph. In order to detect the characteristic features of the accidentality phenomenon in the construction industry, a simulation of a sequence that consists of 485 occupational accidents that occurred in 2008–2016 in five Polish voivodeships was carried out. The conducted research and analysis allowed the most common accident scenarios that occur in the construction industry to be identified, as well as the probability of their occurrence and the critical path in the graph that indicates the most accident-causing activities to be determined. The proposed model is important for construction practice. Based on a large set of data on accidents included in the CKD, it is possible to study the impact of the following on the accidentality phenomenon: Technologies used in the construction industry, the types of carried out construction works, and the methods used to organize work and equipment.

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Wang, Huan. "3D Fashion Design and Technical Showing of its Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.774.

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Clothing has a symbiotic relationship with the body, clothing should be designed to meet the needs of different size, which means that virtual design to construct a three-dimensional garment style and the ability to adjust its key parts. Realistic three-dimensional garment tectonic deformation and showcase not only in computer graphics and virtual reality of a frontier research areas and hot spots for apparel and virtual exhibition industry deformation efficiency, research a suitable costume deformation system. Firstly, starting from the basics of clothing, a 3D garment model, a system design, describes the virtual garment construction method, summarized the main algorithms suitable clothing deformation, which can effectively be parameterized specific clothing deformation show.

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Zoghi, Milad, Donghoon Lee, and Sungjin Kim. "A computational simulation model for assessing social performance of BIM implementations in construction projects." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 2 (April 2021): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab015.

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Abstract The construction industry has been adopting building information modeling (BIM) to enhance project and social performance. However, it is difficult to address and assess how integrating BIM into construction can support improving social performance. Thus, this study developed a system dynamics (SD) model to evaluate the social performance of BIM-integrated construction management. The proposed model aims to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of social indicators in construction and their interrelationships. The developed model was simulated under the different scenarios by different levels of BIM implementations. As a result, levels 2 and 3 of BIM implementation can enhance social performance by 26% and 45%, respectively. This study is limited to develop the SD model and assessing the performance without the vaildation through case study. However, this study can contribute to developing the simulation model to address how the BIM can affect the social performance in the construction industry.

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Halpin, Daniel W., and Rong-Yau Huang. "A process-based approach to value-added construction — the CYCLONE/DISCO system." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-124.

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Recently, the study of processes and of non value-adding tasks at the process level has enjoyed a renaissance in the manufacturing sector because of the emphasis on total quality management and the work of W. Edwards Deming and others. Interest by the construction industry in the study of processes at this level has been negligible. In order to achieve better quality in construction, the industry must become more process oriented and involved in the study of resource interaction. The CYCLONE modeling system provides an environment for flow charting and studying the interaction of resources within a construction process. The DISCO program which is integrated with the CYCLONE modeling system provides a graphical modeling and simulation environment which facilitates the analysis of construction operations using simulation techniques. The CYCLONE modeling format and the DISCO program interface constitute a foundation upon which improved process design and efficiency can be established. Key words: construction management, simulation, flow modeling, computer methods, construction processes.

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Сальков and Nikolay Sal'kov. "Americanization of Russian Geometric Education and Descriptive Geometry." Geometry & Graphics 3, no. 3 (November 30, 2015): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14418.

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70 years ago, the bloodiest of wars had ended. Literally, the next day the USA started the ruthless Cold war against the USSR. Goal – to destroy the USSR as political and military enemy. Ironically, it was the Russian Empire (and the Soviet Union – its successor) that first in the world recognized the USA as an independent state. In 1991, the goal was achieved. Russia considered the cold war over, and the USA a partner in all matters. In vain. It is no secret the CIA felt home in Russian governmental buildings. It is no secret that Department of State advisers sat in every Russian Ministry. Unsurprisingly, imposed reforms have led to destruction of industry, agriculture, and medicine. The country was flooded with imports, and Russia has lost the basic security of state. Obviously, the same benefactors from the CIA forced the Ministry of Education and Science to adopt the surrogate instead of the Soviet system of education. Moreover, the well-wishers perfectly knew that this surrogate was of very low quality. Introduction of the American system of education instead of the Soviet one is the manifestation of the cold war. Artificial confrontation of computer graphics vs. descriptive geometry arose. Enforced antagonism resulted in elimination of teaching descriptive geometry in many areas. Known: computers and computer graphics come from the USA. Note that geometry experts do not oppose to the use of computer graphics. More obscure is the position of some of our partners, when they advocate destruction of science in favor of a drawing instrument. In this mortal combat of geeks, the author sees a manifestation of the same cold war that the United States maintains with Russia. Deduction: it is so because computer graphics took all its geometric methods of constructing from descriptive geometry. Minimal program of overcoming this geometric crisis in higher education is provided.

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Ozel, Filiz. "Confluence of Building Information for Design, Construction and Management of Buildings." International Journal of Architectural Computing 3, no. 3 (September 2005): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807705775377384.

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Professionals who are involved in design, construction and occupancy phases of a building not only generate information that must eventually be used by other building professionals, but also they themselves must use data and information provided by others such as product manufacturers, planning departments, etc. The integration of information and data through all phases of the life cycle of a building is important as it impacts the work done by a large number of constituents in the building industry. Seamless integration of such information has been a bigger concern for those who are downstream users of the data generated by the architect as he/she designs a building. Such downstream users can range from structural engineers to construction managers, from facility managers to building asset managers. More recently, the considerable increase in the design and operation of intelligent buildings that incorporate a very wide range of technologies has rendered this coordination more important than ever.

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Popov, Vladimir, Saulius Mikalauskas, Darius Migilinskas, and Povilas Vainiūnas. "COMPLEX USAGE OF 4D INFORMATION MODELLING CONCEPT FOR BUILDING DESIGN, ESTIMATION, SHEDULING AND DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE VARIANT." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637728.

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With the growth of information technologies in the field of construction industry, the concept of CAD (Computer Aided Design), which denotes just design operations using a computer acquires a new meaning and changes the contents lightening design process based on product modelling and further numerical simulation construction process and facility managing. New definitions as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) are more and more usable as the definition of a new way approaching the design and documentation managing of building projects. The presented computer aided design technology based on the concept of graphical ‐ information modeling of a building, is combined with resource demand calculations, comparison of alternatives and determination of duration of all the stages of investment project life. The software based on this combined 4D PLM model is to be created as a means to manage effectively the investment project, starting from planning, designing, economical calculations, construction and afterwards to manage the finished building and to utilize it.

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Sanni-Anibire, Muizz O., Rosli M. Zin, and Sunday O. Olatunji. "Machine learning - based framework for construction delay mitigation." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 26 (July 20, 2021): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.017.

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The construction industry, for many decades, has been underperforming in terms of the success of project delivery. Construction delays have become typical of many construction projects leading to lawsuits, project termination, and ultimately dissatisfied stakeholders. Experts have highlighted the lack of adoption of modern technologies as a cause of underproductivity. Nevertheless, the construction industry has an opportunity to tackle many of its woes through Construction 4.0, driven by enabling digital technologies such as machine learning. Consequently, this paper describes a framework based on the application of machine learning for delay mitigation in construction projects. The key areas identified for machine learning application include "cost estimation", "duration estimation", and "delay risk assessment". The developed framework is based on the CRISP-DM graphical framework. Relevant data were obtained to implement the framework in the three key areas identified, and satisfactory results were obtained. The machine learning methods considered include Multi Linear Regression Analysis, K-Nearest Neighbours, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and Ensemble methods. Finally, interviews with professional experts were carried out to validate the developed framework in terms of its applicability, appropriateness, practicality, and reliability. The main contribution of this research is in its conceptualization and validation of a framework as a problem-solving strategy to mitigate construction delays. The study emphasized the cross-disciplinary campaign of the modern construction industry and the potential of machine learning in solving construction problems.

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Lee, Hyunoh, Chiho Noh, Seyun Kim, Byung Chul Kim, Jinpyo Park, Duhwan Mun, and Soonhung Han. "Neutral model-based interfacing of 3D design to support collaborative project management in the process plant industry." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab017.

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Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) design data employed in a process plant construction project are generated during both the basic design and detailed design stages and are used for various purposes throughout the life cycle of the project. After the design stage, 3D design data are converted to a lightweight 3D format and utilized to support procurement, construction, and audit work in a collaborative project management system. However, significant time and cost are incurred when separate interfaces to convert design data are developed for each plant 3D computer-aided design (CAD) system. As an alternative, a method exists to integrate an interface using a neutral model. After translating the 3D input design data for the plant 3D CAD system to a neutral format, this study proposes an interface for use in collaborative project management by converting the data into a lightweight 3D model. In addition, detailed techniques for implementing the proposed interface are described. To verify the validity of the proposed neutral model-based 3D design data interface, translation, inspection, and lightweighting experiments are performed using 3D design data for a synthesized natural gas production plant project.

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DENG, MIN, R. E. K. STIREWALT, and BETTY H. C. CHENG. "RETRIEVAL BY CONSTRUCTION: A TRACEABILITY TECHNIQUE TO SUPPORT VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF UML FORMALIZATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 05 (October 2005): 837–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002531.

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Recently, there has been growing interest in formalizing UML, thereby enabling rigorous analysis of its many graphical diagrams. Two obstacles currently limit the adoption and use of UML formalizations in practice. First is the need to verify the consistency of artifacts under formalization. Second is the need to validate formalization approaches against domain-specific requirements. Techniques from the emerging field of requirements traceability hold promise for addressing these obstacles. This paper contributes a technique called retrieval by construction (RBC), which establishes traceability links between a UML model and a target model intended to denote its semantics under formalization. RBC provides an approach for structuring and representing the complex one-to-many links that are common between UML and target models under formalization. RBC also uses the notion of value identity in a novel way that enables the specification of the link-retrieval criteria using generative procedures. These procedures are a natural means for specifying UML formalizations. We have validated the RBC technique in a tool framework called UBanyan, written in C++. We applied the tool to three case studies, one of which was obtained from the industry. We have also assessed our results using the two well-known traceability metrics: precision and recall. Preliminary investigations suggest that RBC can be a useful traceability technique for validating and verifying UML formalizations.

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Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette, Paul Nicholas, Martin Tamke, Sebastian Gatz, Yuliya Sinke, and Gabriella Rossi. "Towards machine learning for architectural fabrication in the age of industry 4.0." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120948000.

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Machine Learning (ML) is opening new perspectives for architectural fabrication, as it holds the potential for the profession to shortcut the currently tedious and costly setup of digital integrated design to fabrication workflows and make these more adaptable. To establish and alter these workflows rapidly becomes a main concern with the advent of Industry 4.0 in building industry. In this article we present two projects, which presents how ML can lead to radical changes in generation of fabrication data and linking these directly to design intent. We investigate two different moments of implementation: linking performance to the generation of fabrication data (KnitCone) and integrating the ability to adapt fabrication data in realtime as response to fabrication processes (Neural-Network Steered Robotic Fabrication). Together they examine how models can employ design information as training data and be trained to by step processes within the digital chain. We detail the advantages and limitations of each experiment, we reflect on core questions and perspectives of ML for architectural fabrication: the nature of data to be used, the capacity of these algorithms to encode complexity and generalize results, their task-specificness versus their adaptability and the tradeoffs of using them with respect to conventional explicit analytical modelling.

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Kim, Jung In, Sining Li, Xingbin Chen, Calvin Keung, Minjae Suh, and Tae Wan Kim. "Evaluation framework for BIM-based VR applications in design phase." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 910–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab022.

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Abstract The integration of building information modeling (BIM) and virtual reality (VR) has attracted increasing attention in the architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry. Despite the rapid emergence of BIM-based VR applications, no evaluation framework specialized for the technologies exists in the AEC industry. After extensively reviewing existing studies and interviewing experts, the research team proposed an evaluation framework for BIM-based VR applications, which consists of 3 stages, 5 areas, 14 criteria, and 29 metrics and focuses on the design phase of the projects. To assess the usefulness of the framework, the team applied it to five BIM-based VR applications using a BIM-based design project for an educational building in Hong Kong. The team also interviewed experts to discuss the comprehensiveness of the framework. The results show that the framework provides consistent results for comprehensive evaluation criteria and metrics in a quantitative and flexible manner. Further research that considers additional criteria and/or metrics related to other phases (e.g. construction phase) is required to extend the framework to the whole lifecycle.

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Ataman, Osman. "Integrating Digital and Building Technologies: Towards a New Architectural Composite." International Journal of Architectural Computing 3, no. 2 (June 2005): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478077054214442.

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This paper presents an ongoing research project about the development of the materials and fabrication techniques for a fundamentally new class of architectural composite. This type of composite, which is a representative example of an even broader class of smart architectural material, has the potential to change the design and function of an architectural structure or living environment. As of today, this kind of composite does not exist. Once completed, this will be the first technology on its own. We believe this study will lay the fundamental groundwork for a new paradigm in surface engineering that may be of considerable significance in architecture, building and construction industry, and materials science.

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Han, Seung-Hoon. "ARCH: DMUVR – A Working Prototype of a Distributed Collaborative Design System." International Journal of Architectural Computing 3, no. 2 (June 2005): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478077054214451.

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This paper outlines a working prototype which suggests a distributed Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) system to promote a new model of collaborative design. Recently, there has been a growing interest in distributed CAAD integration due to the needs of direct collaboration among project participants. The potential for the integration of information is expected to have a tremendous impact on architecture and the construction industry. The aim of this research is to provide a new paradigm for a CAAD system by combining research on integrated CAAD applications with recent collaboration technologies. The proposed system has been designed and a prototype implemented to produce enough guidelines to foster interest in the development of future CAAD systems on the Internet. To this end, two different scopes of implementation are evaluated: first, global architecture and the functionality of a distributed CAAD system; and, second, the association of an architectural application to the system.

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Khaustova, V. Y., O. I. Reshetnyak, H. V. Kramarev, and Y. M. Kriachko. "Evaluating the High-Tech Industries in the Progressive Structure of the Economy of the World Countries and Ukraine." Business Inform 9, no. 512 (2020): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-9-81-98.

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The article is aimed at defining and evaluating the place of high-tech industries in the progressive structure of the economy of the world countries and Ukraine. Research methods: structural analysis, graphical analysis, analysis of structural shifts, cluster analysis. A structural analysis of the economy of Ukraine and OECD countries is carried out in terms of gross output, gross value added and the share of GVA in terms of output in four sectors: agriculture, hunting, forestry and fisheries; industry, including energy industry; construction; in general with regard to the service sector. A further structural analysis of the processing industry of Ukraine compared to OECD countries is carried out. A rating of the world countries is carried out by the share of costs for R&D in the field of production of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceuticals; production of computers, electronic and optical products; production of aerospace equipment. The positioning of the the world countries is made in the quadrants of the matrix in the coordinate plane of «Share of costs for the R&D of high-tech sectors of the economy and GVA per capita». Structural shifts in research and development costs in high-tech sectors of both the OECD and Ukrainian economies are computed. The structure of the export market of high-tech sectors of the economy is analyzed and Ukraine’s place in this market is evaluated. The carried out cluster analysis allowed to divide the world countries into groups taking into account the data by the following indicators: share of costs for the R&D in the pharmaceutical industry; share of costs for the R&D in the computer, electronic and optical industry; share of costs for the R&D in the aerospace industry; share of costs for R&D in the service sector; share of the export market of the pharmaceutical industry and GVA per capita. Ukraine entered the cluster, whose countries have such a costs structure for R&D in high-tech sectors of the economy, which does not provide a high level of GVA per capita. Recommendations on the development of high-tech industries of Ukraine in order to increase the socio-economic development of the country are provided.

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Kovacs, Adam Tamas, and Andras Micsik. "BIM quality control based on requirement linked data." International Journal of Architectural Computing 19, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14780771211012175.

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This article discusses a BIM Quality Control Ecosystem that is based on Requirement Linked Data in order to create a framework where automated BIM compliance checking methods can be widely used. The meaning of requirements is analyzed in a building project context as a basis for data flow analysis: what are the main types of requirements, how they are handled, and what sources they originate from. A literature review has been conducted to find the present development directions in quality checking, besides a market research on present, already widely used solutions. With the conclusions of these research and modern data management theory, the principles of a holistic approach have been defined for quality checking in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. A comparative analysis has been made on current BIM compliance checking solutions according to our review principles. Based on current practice and ongoing research, a state-of-the-art BIM quality control ecosystem is proposed that is open, enables automation, promotes interoperability, and leaves the data governing responsibility at the sources of the requirements. In order to facilitate the flow of requirement and quality data, we propose a model for requirements as Linked Data and provide example for quality checking using Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL). As a result, an opportunity is given for better quality and cheaper BIM design methods to be implemented in the industry.

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LEE, JONATHAN, SHANG-PIN MA, YING-YAN LIN, SHIN-JIE LEE, and YAO-CHIANG WANG. "DYNAMIC SERVICE COMPOSITION: A DISCOVERY-BASED APPROACH." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 02 (March 2008): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194008003635.

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Service-Orientated Computing (SOC) has become a main trend in software engineering that promotes the construction of applications based on the notion of services. SOC has recently attracted the researchers' attention and has been adopted industry-wide. However, service composition that enables one to aggregate existing services into a new composite service is still a highly complex and critical task in service-oriented technology. To enhance availability of composite services, we propose a discovery-based service composition framework to better integrate component services in both static and dynamic manner, including (1) to devise a notion of service availability especially for composition; (2) to develop a dynamic service composition (DSC) pattern for addressing the issues of service availability; and (3) to extend Contract Net Protocol (ECNP) to coordinate service discovery, composition and invocation based on the composite pattern. The main benefit of the proposed approach is better availability through attaching multiple candidate services for future binding.

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Morea, Gregory F. "The Establishment and Management of a Production Data Exchange Group." Journal of Ship Production 21, no. 02 (May 1, 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.2.73.

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The design and construction of any marine vessel designed on a computer-assisted design (CAD) system, from a nuclear aircraft carrier to the smallest work boat, requires the interaction of many electronic databases, all of which must be continually updated for the work to proceed. The exchange of this information, especially geometry, in digital format is accomplished using many different tools and techniques. Much has been presented to the marine community about the tools used, such as the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) and the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), and how these tools might be used for exchanges in the future, but little has been presented on how production data exchanges actually occur. At Electric Boat, current submarine programs cannot wait for future data transfer solutions. Design and construction data must be exchanged among various activities, internal and external, with such volume as to make manual reentry of data an unrealistic solution. Because of the complexities associated with the electronic exchange of these data, the General Dynamics (GD) Marine organization of Electric Boat has a dedicated group that both performs production data exchanges and researches and implements new methods of electronic transfer. This paper discusses the rationale for and the formation of the data exchange group at Electric Boat, along with its place within GD Marine. It then presents an overview of the tools used by the group and how production transfers occur, both routine and unique. Notable transfers provide examples of how the group works to solve transfer problems. Importantly, this paper shows how many of the exchange standards developed for the marine industry actually work in production. Special emphasis will be placed on the exchange of solid models in a day-to-day environment. The paper concludes with a look at the future of production data exchanges for Electric Boat and the larger marine industry.

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Aagaard, Anders Kruse, and Niels Martin Larsen. "Developing a fabrication workflow for irregular sawlogs." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120906736.

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In this article, we suggest using contemporary manufacturing technologies to integrate material properties with architectural design tools, revealing new possibilities for the use of wood in architecture. Through an investigative approach, material capacities and fabrication methods are explored and combined towards establishing new workflows and architectural expressions, where material, fabrication and result are closely interlinked. The experimentation revolves around discarded, crooked oak logs, doomed to be used as firewood due to their irregularity. This project treats their diverging shapes differently by offering unique processing to each log informed by its particularities. We suggest here a way to use the natural forms and properties of sawlogs to generate new structures and spatial conditions. In this article, we discuss the scope of this approach and provide an example of a workflow for handling the discrete shapes of natural sawlogs in a system that involve the collection of material, scanning/digitisation, handling of a stockpile, computer analysis, design and robotic manufacturing. The creation of this specific method comes from a combination of investigation of wood as a material, review of existing research in the field, studies of the production lines in the current wood industry and experimentation through our in-house laboratory facilities. As such, the workflow features several solutions for handling the complex and different shapes and data of natural wood logs in a highly digitised machining and fabrication environment. This up-cycling of discarded wood supply establishes a non-standard workflow that utilises non-standard material stock and leads to a critical articulation of today’s linear material economy. The project becomes part of an ambition to reach sustainable development goals and technological innovation in global and resource-intensive architecture and building industry.

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Harding, John, and Cecilie Brandt-Olsen. "Biomorpher: Interactive evolution for parametric design." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 2 (June 2018): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077118778579.

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Combining graph-based parametric design with metaheuristic solvers has to date focused solely on performance-based criteria and solving clearly defined objectives. In this article, we outline a new method for combining a parametric modelling environment with an interactive Cluster-Orientated Genetic Algorithm. In addition to performance criteria, evolutionary design exploration can be guided through choice alone, with user motivation that cannot be easily defined. As well as numeric parameters forming a genotype, the evolution of whole parametric definitions is discussed through the use of genetic programming. Visualisation techniques that enable mixing small populations for interactive evolution with large populations for performance-based optimisation are discussed, with examples from both academia and industry showing a wide range of applications.

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Do, Ellen Yi-Luen. "Afterword: Why Peer Review Journals?" International Journal of Architectural Computing 1, no. 2 (June 2003): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807703771799229.

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More than 50 % of academic libraries' budgets are spent on peer review journal subscriptions [1]. One may wonder why these publications (often) with plain and dull covers (unlike those attractive, colorful magazines on newsstands), small subscription base and specialized readership carry such importance. The reason is simple. Publishing a journal for interested researchers, academics, and practitioners benefits the advancement of knowledge. To be recognized as an academic subject, a discipline must publish a peer review journal. Unlike magazines with short shelf lives for general reading, peer review journals are archived and referenced within a discipline. These journals serve as a forum for professional intellectual exchange, and as a platform to present cutting edge research. Peer review (refereed) journals give direction to the field and industry. They also help researchers strengthen their academic careers and seek research funding. This article will review basic definitions of peer review and then discuss in detail issues and concerns that emerged in the editing of this issue.

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Afsari, Kereshmeh, Charles Eastman, and Dennis Shelden. "Building Information Modeling data interoperability for Cloud-based collaboration: Limitations and opportunities." International Journal of Architectural Computing 15, no. 3 (September 2017): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117731174.

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Collaboration within Building Information Modeling process is mainly based on the manual transfer of document files in either vendor-specific formats or neutral format using Industry Foundation Classes. However, since the web enables Cloud-based Building Information Modeling services, it provides an opportunity to exchange data with web technologies. Alternative data sharing solutions include the federation of Building Information Modeling models and an interchange hub for data exchange in real time. These solutions face several challenges, are vendor locked, and integrate Building Information Modeling applications to a third new system. The main objective of this article is to investigate current limitations as well as opportunities of Cloud interoperability to outline a framework for a loosely coupled network-based Building Information Modeling data interoperability. This study explains that Cloud-Building Information Modeling data exchange needs to deploy major components of Cloud interoperability such as Cloud application programming interfaces, data transfer protocols, data formats, and standardization to redefine Building Information Modeling data flow in Cloud-based applications and to reshape collaboration process.

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Zimon, Grzegorz, Marek Sobolewski, and Grzegorz Lew. "An Influence of Group Purchasing Organizations on Financial Security of SMEs Operating in the Renewable Energy Sector—Case for Poland." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2020): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112926.

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European countries are increasingly using renewable energy. Poland is an outsider of such solutions. The Polish energy sector is primarily based on energy produced from coal. However, environmental changes and regulations of the European Union are forcing the increased use of energy from renewable sources. Renewable energy is an industry that is still developing in Poland. At the same time, Poland is a country where the political decisions of the government over the last few years have resulted in a significant limitation of the possibilities of renewable energy development. These actions have also resulted in lowering the profitability of the currently operating renewable energy enterprises, especially those from the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. An opportunity for SMEs operating in the renewable energy sector is to merge into industry purchasing groups. The aim of the article—and at the same time the research question—is: Is it financially safer for renewable energy companies to operate within purchasing groups compared to companies operating independently in this industry? Traditional ways of purchasing can be transferred to integrated purchasing systems, which will be created by purchasing groups associating renewable energy companies. For this purpose, the financial effects of the implementation and functioning of the purchasing groups in the renewable energy sector in relation to entities operating independently were examined. In the research of renewable energy SMEs, a comparative analysis of key indicators determining the possibility of continuing the activity of these entities was made. The following indicators were examined: current financial liquidity ratio, return on sales, operating cycle, cash conversion cycle, share of receivables in current assets, share of inventory in current assets, turnover ratios, level of receivables, liabilities and profitability. The scientific literature is dominated by studies on purchasing groups in the pharmaceutical and construction industries. Thanks to the research conducted, it has been indicated that the renewable energy industry can also improve its profitability, and thus the possibility of safe continuation of operations by extending the business model to inter-entity cooperation within purchasing groups. Increasing the efficiency of individual entities of the renewable energy industry within purchasing groups becomes particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analyses and their graphic presentation present the significant impact on the safety and profitability of renewable energy entities in the form of purchasing groups.

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SITARAMAN, MURALI, LONNIE R. WELCH, and DOUGLAS E. HARMS. "ON SPECIFICATION OF REUSABLE SOFTWARE COMPONENTS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 03, no. 02 (June 1993): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194093000100.

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For widespread reuse in a component-based software industry, a component must be designed and developed to be reused. Benefits of reuse are maximized when a component is reused “as is” (possibly with provisions for expected customization, such as through parameters), based only on its specification. The expression of the specification of a component is crucial in this setting. The specification must be formal, yet understandable, as well as abstract and implementation-independent. The specification also must make it possible to demonstrate correctness of an implementation of the specification and permit formal reasoning about its behavior in a client program. This paper explains how it is possible to write specifications with these properties in RESOLVE, a conceptual framework that we have developed for constructing reusable software components.

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Lam, Vitus S. W. "A Framework-Driven Comparison of Automata-Based Tools for Identifying Business Rule Conflicts." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 03 (March 2019): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500190.

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Drawing on business rules for constructing business process models by a constraint-driven methodology is a distinct characteristic of declarative process modeling. Given the intricacies of business rules, there is a pragmatic need to conduct conflict-free assessments for business rules in an automatic manner. In this paper, business rules are stated in terms of restricted English by harnessing a group of predefined business rule templates. With linear temporal logic that serves as a semantic foundation for the business rule templates, a pair of business rules represented as a linear temporal logic specification is translated into an associated Büchi automaton via LTL2BA, LTL3BA and ltl2tgba. A Büchi automaton that accepts the empty language signifies that the two business rules are in conflict with each other. The suitability of the formal framework and the three automated tools is evaluated by an industry-level case study.

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Bornemisza, T., and A. Saith. "SPSLIFE: A User-Friendly Approach to the Structural Design and Life Assessment of Ceramic Components." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816536.

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In order to expedite the structural analysis of ceramic components, Sundstrand Power Systems has developed a proprietary computer code called “SPSLIFE,” which can substantially reduce the time spent on the design assessment of ceramic components. The life assessment computations for the various failure modes are performed using the structural analysis and materials files as input data. A number of “menus” are incorporated to request user input data and to guide the user through the problem definition process. The user has the capability to select existing material data files or create new ones. The computational modules are based on the analytical approaches currently used in the industry. The modular construction of the code facilitates making revisions or adding new modules. Graphic display is used to provide a visual summary of the life assessment calculations for the various failure modes. The output files generated provide a detailed review of the results, which is helpful for design optimization. Independently derived component fast fracture and static fatigue survival probabilities using the NASA CARES and CARES/LIFE codes are displayed for reference. The paper provides an application example using a patented design of a ceramic monorotor for the Sundstrand Power Systems TJ-50 small gas turbine engine.

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Юматова and E. Yumatova. "System of Interintegraptive Constructive-Analytical Problems As a Method For Forming of Future Engineers’ Professionally-Oriented Abilities." Geometry & Graphics 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5953f350da7151.85721309.

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In this paper is considered a procedure for improving the efficiency of engineers’ geometric and graphic training in construction University through a system problem-based teaching, promoting the development of students’ creative constructive, analytical and spatial abilities. Two contradictions have been revealed: 1) the level of learners’ productive abilities in the area of geometric and graphic education does not meet requirements for modern development of construction industry; 2) an effective procedure for the continuous problem-based teaching on the foundation of generalized constructive and analytical techniques for junior students’ activities in the area of architecture and construction has not been sufficiently revealed. To resolve these contradictions have been realized selection and classification of professionally-oriented design tasks on reconstruction parameters’ optimizing for junior students. The following types of teaching tasks on optimization for space-planning decisions and improvement of geometric objects’ aesthetic indicators based on technical specifications: 1) increase of building’s total structural volume and area; 2) increase the storage capacity or throughput capability; 3) restoration of some lost building elements; 4) change the front end; 5) architectural re-planning in respect of interchangeability and inter-consistency of structures and their elements. It has been founded that to shift a focus from educational activity to the teaching one the algorithm for the design objectives’ solution should be based on: 1) analytic-synthetic activity through the recursive formula: analysis — synthesis — analysis; 2) student involvement in the creation of optimal algorithms for modeling. Eventually has been formulated an essence of the concept “inter- integration constructive and analytical task», in which the student’s educational activity on development of architectural solutions aimed not only at optimization of reconstruction parameters, but also at optimization of the algorithm for formation and transformation of geometric information models by means of computer technologies, with a focus on understanding of actions’ types and methods. In accordance with modern construction’s specificity, teaching objective and problem situations’ types has been clarified the structure of the educational system, complemented by problematic and inter-integration unit based on information and geometrical modeling and including four levels of tasks: 1) algorithmic and reproductive; 2) part-search; 3) problem; 4) problematic and inter-integration. The fourth level supposes the optimization of the reconstruction parameters on the basis of building’s unified geometrical information model by means of information technologies. The each level’s tasks content has been revealed, and corresponding examples have been presented.

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Burton, R. P. "Computer graphics software construction." Computer-Aided Design 22, no. 4 (May 1990): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(90)90057-j.

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van den Bos, Jan. "Computer graphics software construction." Computers & Graphics 13, no. 2 (January 1989): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(89)90073-3.

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OKANO, Takayuki, Shigeo HANAYASU, and Masahiko KUNISHIMA. "Visualization of Construction Site by Computer Graphics." Journal of Construction Management, JSCE 4 (1996): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/procm.4.69.

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Dufourd, Jean-François. "Construction of Interactive Programs in Computer Graphics." Computer Graphics Forum 7, no. 3 (September 1988): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.1988.tb00607.x.

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Najafi, F. T. "The computer in the construction industry." Computers & Structures 41, no. 6 (January 1991): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(91)90249-l.

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KATO, YOICHI, KENJI IWASAKI, and KUNIO KONDO. "Computer Graphics and Application to Apparel Industry." Sen'i Gakkaishi 46, no. 3 (1990): P84—P91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.3_p84.

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Latta, John. "A look at 3D graphics industry." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 33, no. 3 (August 1999): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/330572.330579.

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Bridges, Alan. "Construction industry information sources." New Review of Information Networking 5, no. 1 (January 1999): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614579909516945.

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Pasquier, Nicolas, and Sujoy Chatterjee. "Customer Choice Modelling: A Multi-Level Consensus Clustering Approach." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2021.02.009.

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Customer Choice Modeling aims to model the decision-making process of customers, or segments of customers, through their choices and preferences identified by the analysis of their behaviors in one or more specific contexts. Clustering techniques are used in this context to identify patterns in their choices and preferences, to define segments of customers with similar behaviors, and to model how customers of different segments respond to competing products and offers. However, data clustering is an unsupervised learning task by nature, that is the grouping of customers with similar behaviors in clusters must be performed without prior knowledge about the nature and the number of intrinsic groups of data instances, i.e., customers, in the data space. Thus, the choice of both the clustering algorithm used and its parameterization, and of the evaluation method used to assess the relevance of the resulting clusters are central issues. Consensus clustering, or ensemble clustering, aims to solve these issues by combining the results of different clustering algorithms and parameterizations to generate a more robust and relevant final clustering result. We present a Multi-level Consensus Clustering approach combining the results of several clustering algorithmic configurations to generate a hierarchy of consensus clusters in which each cluster represents an agreement between different clustering results. A closed sets based approach is used to identified relevant agreements, and a graphical hierarchical representation of the consensus cluster construction process and their inclusion relationships is provided to the end-user. This approach was developed and experimented in travel industry context with Amadeus SAS. Experiments show how it can provide a better segmentation, and refine the customer segments by identifying relevant sub-segments represented as sub-clusters in the hierarchical representation, for Customer Choice Modeling. The clustering of travelers was able to distinguish relevant segments of customers with similar needs and desires (i.e., customers purchasing tickets according to different criteria, like price, duration of flight, lay-over time, etc.) and at different levels of precision, which is a major issue for improving the personalization of recommendations in flight search queries.

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Fereig, Sami M., Nabil H. Qaddumi, and Amro El-Akkad. "Computer applications in the Kuwaiti construction industry." Computers in Industry 13, no. 2 (November 1989): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(89)90044-4.

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Ohsaki, Yorihiko, and Masao Mikumo. "Computer-aided engineering in the construction industry." Engineering with Computers 1, no. 2 (June 1985): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01200067.

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Kasik, David J., John C. Dill, Chris Johnson, Dave Kasik, and Mary C. Whitton. "Interactive Graphics in Industry: The Early Days." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2020.3012228.

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Henry, Roger M. "Role of Advanced Computer Technology in Construction Industry." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 1994): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(1994)8:3(385).

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Liu, Hua, and Wen Wu. "Computer Integrated Construction and Facility Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2865.

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The construction industry is the next frontier as a new, computer-integrated technologies, just as it did 25 years ago of the manufacturing industry. Recently, earlier is the unlikely birth of Internet intranet technologies for design and created a new cooperation mechanism. The advances that have occurred in the manufacturing industry in the areas of collaborative design, intelligent process planning and computer-integrated manufacturing provide significant insights for formulating analogous paradigms for computer-integrated construction. However, in many ways, enabling technologies to achieve development in the construction sector this shift rather than repackaging existing technologies and tools, has been as subtle as manufacturing. In this paper, we draw attention to some of the significant research opportunities and challenges that exist in these areas of collaborative design and computer-integrated construction.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Construction industry Computer graphics'

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