Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction – Matériaux – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Antczak, Emmanuel. "Identification par impédance thermique : application à la caractérisation des géomatériaux." Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0001.
Full textHoang, Viet Hai. "Interaction fluide-structure : comportement tribologique des matériaux minéraux à base cimentaire à l'état frais." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0036.
Full textThe tribological properties of cement based material and rigid metallic wall are studied. The range of normal stress is 21,7 – 358 kPa. The range of slip velocity is 10-3 – 10-1 m/s. The roughness is characterised by the Ra indicator and the analysed range is 0. 52 – 100 µm. Thus, the average structure of the material is taken into account in the study. This experimental study is realised by mean a tribometer. Such device is developed and validated in the laboratory. Finally, the wall friction reduction is studied and an electrical technique is used. Such technique induces the interface lubrication. The control of the lubrication regime was studied
Comair, Fadi Georges. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction : application à l'habitat du Moyen-Orient." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10077.
Full textChamseddine, Farid. "Caractérisation des propriétés de la peau des bétons de structures." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-174.pdf.
Full textChaouch, Mohammed. "Étude des propriétés physiques et mécaniques de mortiers et bétons calcaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL031N.
Full textBaroudi, Imane. "Assemblages supramoléculaires entre des clusters thiométallique et polyoxométalliques et un biopolymère pour la construction de matériaux hybrides." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0002.
Full textThe association of thiometalate or polyoxometalate with a biopolymer, gelatin, by a complex coacervation process leads to hybrid materials with promising properties. The coacervation process with various clusters was studied and we demonstrated that liquid-liquid phase depends on the charge, the size and the nature of the cluster. The coacervate characterization showed that the cluster’s integrity was maintained once in gelatin matrix. The study of the materials mechanical properties by tensile test showed that these coacervates present rubber-like behaviour. Finally, we managed to obtain through a layer-by-layer process modified glassy carbon electrodes with electrocatalytic activities
Bui, Quoc-Bao. "Stabilité des structures en pisé : durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Full textRammed earth construction is an ancient technique which is attracting renewed interest throughout the world today, thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the lifecycle of a building: construction, occupation and demolition phases. Although rammed earth is currently regarded as a promising material in the construction sector in the context of sustainable development, it is still difficult to quantify its durability, as well as its mechanical and thermal performances, which discourages people from using it. This thesis is devoted to the study of these problems, especially the two first ones. The study of the durability of rammed earth was carried out on rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows a lifetime longer than 60 years in the case of the unstabilised rammed earth wall. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall. The study of the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth in compression was carried out on three different scales. The first is the scale of in-situ walls. Dynamic measurements were carried out on site to determine the Eigen frequencies of the walls. The elastic modulus was determined from the frequencies measured by using a finite element model. The second is the scale of a representative volume element (RVE). Rammed earth RVE samples with dimensions similar to those of the walls on site were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Finally, at the last scale, called the micro-mechanical scale, tests were performed on equivalent compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which can replace the rammed earth RVE samples to facilitate laboratory tests. An exploratory study of seismic characteristics of rammed earth houses has also been established. The comparison of Eigen periods of rammed earth houses obtained from in-situ measurements and those of empirical formula proposed by seismic standards has been done. The strengthening techniques to improve the seismic capacity of rammed earth houses were also discussed
Rajhi, Ramzi. "Calcul des structures en thermo-élasto-plasticité cyclique, fiabilité et sensibilité aux paramètres matériaux." INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0002.
Full textKnapp, Thomas Alarich. "Étude structurale d'un avion de voyage, de formule canard, en matériaux composites." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ESAE0008.
Full textTran, Van Luan. "Etude du comportement hygro-thermo-mécanique d'un matériau composite sandwich avec âme balsa utilisé en applications navales." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2001.
Full textSandwich composite structures have been widely adopted in the naval field because they exhibit both lightness and good mechanical strength. However, their resistance to moisture in the marine environment is difficult to predict, and their fire resistance is one of the main limitations to their use in a greater number of cases. In this work, we focus on the behavior of a composite sandwich composed with glass-polyester skins and balsa core. Balsa, which is the main constituent, can absorb a large amount of water which may affect its mechanical properties. Moreover, the presence of moisture can influence the fire resistance of the material. Thus, in order to highlight the material durability and the physical phenomena encountered, several experiments were performed in miscellaneous conditions of humidity, temperature and mechanical loadings. In addition to classical results obtained on the balsa, testing of fire resistance combined with bending tests on sandwich composite materials were achieved to estimate the residual strength as a function of the combustion time. Finally, from experimental results related to the water uptake of balsa and of sandwich composite, modelling was computed to better understand and predict the mechanical state of the studied sandwich structure
Mallat, Amjad. "Phénomènes de dégradation des ouvrages anciens, techniques et matériaux de réhabilitation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1111.
Full textParadis, François. "Analyse du comportement structural d'un composite mince en béton. : nalyse du comportement structural du canoë de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21701/21701.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents bares the analyses of Laval University’s Apogee 2002 concrete canoe. The predominant objective is to investigate and understand the canoe’s reaction under various loading patterns. A second objective is to elaborate design criteria for these types of structures. These criteria and comprehension of the structural behavior will be used for the upcoming canoes. These objectives are achieved coalescing experimentation and modeling. The present work begins with the elaboration of the concrete design used for Apogee’s construction. The characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of the composites used in the structure follows. Additionally, the sub-structures of the canoe and the entire canoe’s structural reaction analyses are predicted fulfilled using a finite element software. Finally, in-situ tests are performed on the canoe and the results compared to that obtained with the numerical model. The experimentation comprised both static and dynamic tests. Dynamic testing is used to determine the strain amplification due to paddling and turning. The design criteria are determined and presented according to the results obtained from the finite element software followed by experimentation.
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Samson, Gabriel. "Synthèse et propriétés des mousses minérales." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0015/document.
Full textMineral foams are cellular materials usable as thermal insulation solution. The purpose of these PhD researches is to develop lightweight foams with good thermal and mechanical performances realized from highly concentrated mineral suspension. Surfactant addition is required for foaming. Six surfactants molecules are selected. Their abilities to reduce surface tension and to stabilize aqueous foam are evaluated. Two surfactants groups are detected based on different criteria: surface tension, CMC and aqueous foam stability. Concentrated mineral suspensions are yield stress fluids. The study of bubbles behavior in such fluids is performed with a transparent yield stress fluid, Carbopol® and an injection device with controlled pressure. Yield stress impacts bubbles creation, growth, stability and shape by changing local pressure distribution in the fluid nearby bubble. The study proposes a revised Laplace law depending on yield stress and bubble sphericity. Contact conditions between bubbles are influenced by surfactant addition allowing to control coalescence phenomena. In case of inter-bubbles membrane breakage, presence of yield stress leads to particular geometry of the coalesced bubbles. Mineral binders selected are a highly reactive anhydrous calcium sulfate, ordinary Portland and prompt cements. Mineral suspension formulations arise from expected fluidity criterion. Fresh paste is characterized by a low yield stress. Its bulk density depends on surfactant nature and content. Mineral foams are created with same composition. Two traditional foaming methods: mix-foaming and pre-foaming and an alternative one, the dissociated method are employed. Best thermo-mechanical performances are achieved with the dissociated method, a specific method of the laboratory. A surfactant group leads to lightweight foams which simultaneously fulfills both thermal and mechanical targeted objectives. For these surfactants a characteristic content is found leading to optimized mechanical performances. Visualizations performed with SEM reveal sensitive crystalline structure modifications depending on surfactant nature and content. Thinner and more homogeneous structures are associated with the best mechanical performances which demonstrates the existing link between the porous structure and mineral foams mechanical performances. To quantitatively evaluate porous structure, surface bubble-size distributions are built and then compared to volume bubble-size distributions obtained by tomography analysis. An analytic method linking 2D and 3D distributions is created based on stereology principles. A correction coefficient is proposed to take into account the analyzed representative surface. By controlling all production steps and associated physical phenomena during mineral foams production (from mineral suspension to solid foams), products satisfying all targeted objectives are realized: lightness, insulation and load-bearing ability
Calais, Thomas. "Propriétés mécaniques et durabilité d'un béton léger : application en régions froides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24023.
Full textOver the years, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has been used in many building projects, notably in the USA and Nordic countries, but only in a few in Quebec. The aim of this project is to establish a better understanding of the fundamental properties of LWAC for a possible use in repairs and new structural projects. Several experimental phases were conducted in order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the cracking risk, the resistance of rapid freezing and thawing and the scaling resistance of a LWAC made with expanded shale coarse aggregate. We focused on two factors: the LWA water content and the evaluation of the quantity of water from LWA counted in the water/binder ratio. The experimental results show that, even if the understanding of the movements of water around the LWA is not yet total, mechanical properties and durability meeting structural standards can be obtained. For many properties like the cracking risk and the freezing resistance, LWAC are even better than usual concrete.
Osmond, Pierre. "Étude du vieillissement des alliages d'aluminium pour culasses diesel et prise en compte dans le dimensionnement." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0065.
Full textThe use of cast aluminium alloys for automotive engine components, especially Aluminium-Silicon-Copper-Magnesium alloys for cylinder head, has significantly increased over the past two decades, mainly because of their low density and very good thermal conductivity. Due to the growing demand in engine efficiency and specific power, cylinder heads are submitted to ever-increasing thermomechanical loading during start-stop cycles, which appears as the critical design specification. Due to these thermal loadings, a significant ageing of the material occurs during engine lifetime, which leads to a transient evolution of the viscoplastic behaviour of the material. The aim of this study is to experimentally correlate the evolution of hardening precipitation and viscoplastic mechanical behaviour in order to propose a viscoplastic behaviour model integrating metallurgical and microstructural parameters enables to account for influence of microstructural parameters on viscoplastic behaviour. This study was realized on two alloys presenting different compositions of copper and magnesium. In order to understand the transient evolution of precipitation, precipitation alteration and precipitates growth kinetics are studied by transmission electron microscopy. This evolution has been quantified for isothermal ageing heat treatments between 473 and 573K. This analysis highlights a strong evolution of the chemical, crystallographic and morphological characteristics of the precipitation. Moreover, the quantitative study of the growth kinetics of precipitation on both alloys allow an accurate understanding of the interaction between precipitate shape, growth mechanism and thermal stability. To understand the influence of the microstructural parameters on the mechanical viscoplastic behaviour, we realized mechanical tests through a large range of temperatures, inelastic strain amplitude and strain rate. The use of stress partitioning analysis technique enables a clear understanding of the influence of hardening precipitation and chemical composition on the isotropic and kinematic hardening of the mechanical behaviour. Especially, the analysis of the interaction between stress relaxation and hardening components shows a systematic relaxation of the internal stresses, explained by the climb of dislocations loop around precipitates. Based on the experimental analysis, a dislocation density based constitutive model is introduced. In order to take into account the influence of microstructure on the mechanical behaviour, hardening precipitation parameters are explicitly introduced into the constitutive equations. Moreover, to account for variation of plastic flow through temperature, a specific flow rule, which reflects the evolution in dislocation kinetics motion with temperature, is proposed. The predictions of the model are in convenient agreement with experimental behaviour and additionally show a good sensibility to the hardening microstructure. Furthermore, an important result to be underlined is the physical evolution of flow rules parameters versus the temperature. As a matter of fact, two activation energies, which present physical convenient values with dislocations slip and climb activation energies, are identified
Chermaneanu, Raducu. "Représentation de la variabilité des propriétés mécaniques d’un CMO à l’échelle microscopique : Méthodes de construction des distributions statistiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14485/document.
Full textNowadays, composite materials are very widely used, notably in the domain of aeronautical structures, thanks to their numerous functional benefits. Their specific mechanical properties (properties/density) far superior to those of conventional materials, such as steel or aluminum and the realization of complex shapes, make these materials perfect candidates in many areas beyond aviation. However, these materials present at different observation scales sources of variability peculiar to each one. The manufacturing process and the properties of the elementary constituents are in fact the principal cause of these sources of variability. Three levels (or scales) of observation are usually considered regarding composite materials: the microscopic scale (fibers and matrix), the mesoscopic scale (ply) and finally the macroscopic scale (laminate material). The sources of variability propagate trough the scales and finally generate dispersed mechanical behaviors at the structure scale. Taking into consideration these sources is proved to be a relevant work by the designer, which in turn will allow him to calculate an indicator of the composite structure reliability that he is conceiving. To be able to do the latter work, it is necessary to transfer this variability at a lower computational cost from the microscopic level up to the structure scale. The construction of equivalent mechanical properties distributions according to the variability present at each scale is then essential. The objective of this research work was to build statistical distributions of the homogenized behavior of the material at the scale of fibers and matrix, according to the existing variability at this scale. Minimizing the computation time required for obtaining these distributions was another important objective. From a microscopic observation made on a section of a CMO, the morphological variability of the heterogeneous medium has been characterized and six different types of arrangements patterns of fibers grouped into cells have then been identified. Physically reasonable virtual cells have been developed and suggested, in order to build the equivalent behavior distribution by cell type, according to the relevant variables selected at this scale. Now, in order to minimize the computing time required for the creation of these distributions, an approach based on neural networks was proposed. This approach was used for a type 6 cell and for a number of 1000 FE calculations, in order to evaluate the quality of the approximation as well as the reduction of computation time. Hence, the reduction of the computation time was significant, at an approximate rate of 95 %
Durand, Anne. "Relations entre la composition des bitumes et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Application à la formulation des liants modifiés bitume-EVA." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES082.
Full textKhelifi, Hamid. "Matériaux argileux stabilisés au ciment et renforcés de fibres végétales : formulation pour extrusion." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS277.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the study of the extrusion of cement-clay paste and the valorization of local materials in order to produce extruded building bricks. To do this, extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials (kaolin) have been designed. These mix designs comply with actual requirements concerning environmental impacts (use of a significant proportion of clay) and they may be used as building materials. Bio-based fibers (flax fibers) have been incorporated. As for any other type of inclusions, flax fibers modify the rheological behavior of material at fresh state. Furthermore, their hydrophilic character amplifies the changes and has required a specific study. The mechanical perform-ances of the tested mix design and the positive effect of extrusion process as well as the addi-tion of fiber have been characterized. Such as for concrete, the Féret relationship is shown to be able to predict the compressive strength assuming that kaolin acts as a high water demand aggregate. A model for stiff paste ram extrusion incorporating the filtration phenomenon and the frictional behavior of the granular packing has been developed. This model is based on the soil mechanics approach and is able to predict the transition between pure plastic behavior and frictional plastic behavior. Finally, the mechanical and thermal performances of the cho-sen eco-friendly mix designs have been compared to those of traditional building products (concrete blocks, concrete, clay bricks, AAC. . . ). Environmental impacts of these mix design have also been evaluated and compared. It appears from this study that the extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials comply with legislations concerning environmental impacts thermal comfort. They are also able to present an alternative to actual building products
Maire, Eric. "Relations entre les propriétés mécaniques statiques et la microstructure de composites à matrice métallique à renforts particulaires élaborés par Osprey™." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0007.
Full textThis study deals with metal matrix composites reinforced by ceramic particles af!d elaborated by the Osprey™ route. The work is divided into four parts: - The study of the microstrusture shows that the dislocations repartition is heterogeneous in the matrix. - The elastic part of the tensile curve is studied by means of a mode! which permits to calculate the modulus of the composite. In this mode!, the particles population can be divided into several Families exhibiting different properties. - The determination of the mechanical behavior in the micro plastic domain permits to measure the elastic limit. The complex behavior observed is analyzed by means of calculations of the proportional limits and of the work hardening rates in the case of a complex thermo-mecanical loading. We propose a new mo del which permits to account for the heterogeneity of the dislocations repartition in the matrix. This mode! uses the results of the calculation of the dislocations positions (physical metallurgy approach). It also uses a mode! based on the micro mechanic approach to calculate the behavior of the composite : the N phases mode!. - The study of the damage resistance is performed by means of in situ tensile tests in a SEM. We propose a new approach of this technique, adapted to account for the statistical dispersion of the results. The observations are explained by means of theoretical considerations based on the calculation of the stress field in the particles
Bouibes, Amine. "Exploration de matériaux avancés pour des applications en génie civil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10112/document.
Full textThe civil engineering progress would not been possible without new materials development. In fact, new materials with efficient properties allowed the construction of modern structures, taller building, longer bridges,…etc. Furthermore, it is essential for the progress continuity of this field in the future. Especially, in the smart construction approach we will need new materials with the very efficient properties. The study of the properties of materials at the molecular level, allow a better understanding of how those materials will function and react on a macro level. It is through such studies that we are able to understand their behaviors under a large number of conditions. In this thesis, we focus our efforts on three types of materials. The first one is zinc carbonate. The second one is Lime, which is widely used in building and public works ; and the last one is zinc oxide, which is an important material for steel construction. The purpose here is to investigate in details the three different materials at various pressures and variable compositions by means of the universal structure prediction method based on ab initio tool. For smithsonite, a number of mechanical properties were evaluated. We mainly show that this system is harder and more rigid than the other carbonates. Besides, the investigation of its electronic properties reveals that the energy band-gap is close enough to some semiconductors. Moreover, two high-pressure phase transitions have been found: the first one at 87 GPa and second one at 121 GPa. Below 87 GPa, ZnCO3 is found to be the most stable structure with R-3c space group (calcite structure); and between 78 GPa and 121 GPa, ZnCO3 has another structure (magnesite phase II) with C2/m space group. Above 121 GPa, we show that new structure with P212121 space group becomes more stable. In addition, by means of variable composition ab initio evolutionary algorithm, we show surprisingly new stable compounds from Ca-O. At ambient pressure CaO2 is predicted as a thermodynamically stable system. This new compound goes from C2/c to I4/mcm space group structure at 18.5GPa. Under increasing pressure, further compounds become stable such as CaO3 which stabilize in P-421m space group structure above 65 GPa. Finally, our studies on ZnO show that ZnO2 becomes thermodynamically stable at pressure above 120 GPa. A phase transition is obtained at 10 GPa for ZnO, which is stable in B4 wurtzite structure at ambient conditions up to 10GPa. Above 10 GPa, ZnO becomes more stable in B1 structure. These results strongly support our predictions since they agree perfectly with available experiment and previous theoretical studies
Heinfling, Grégory. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique du comportement du béton et des structures en béton armé sous sollicitations thermo-mécaniques à hautes températures." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0002.
Full textThis work concerns the development of a numerical model for concrete under tire or nuclear accident conditions. Within the temperature range concerned (20°C-1200°C), the behavior of concrete is affected by the physical and chemical changes of its microstructure. Within the framework of an uncoupled thermo mechanical analysis, the phenomena that have to be accounted for are the temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of concrete as well as the dependency of the response of concrete on the combined thermal and mechanical loading history. A thermo plasticity based model is proposed for the compressive and the cracking behavior of concrete. The irreversible variations of the properties of concrete are introduced. A multisurface plasticity criterion which accounts for the increasing sensitivity of compressive strength to hydrostatic pressure is developed. The pathological mesh dependency of the numerical solution is partially solved with help of the Hillerborg method. A phenomenological model is used for the evaluation of the thermo mechanical interaction strains. Structures submitted to high temperatures are analyzed. The capability of the model to describe the load and temperature history dependency of the response is checked. The effects of different hypotheses concerning the evolution of the fracture energy of concrete are studied. The behavior of a nuclear power plant raft in accidental conditions is analyzed. The results emphasize the importance of the thermo mechanical interaction on the predicted behavior of the structures. A contribution to the analysis of the spalling of concrete at high temperatures is proposed. The concrete is modeled within the framework of the mechanics of porous media. The thermoplastic model is a pp lied to the analysis of the skeleton through the effective stress. A simplified method for the evaluation of pore pressures and Biot coefficient is proposed and the behavior of concrete specimens is analyzed
Mellizo, Suarez Claudia Andrea. "Estimation du module réversible des matériaux granulaires de chaussées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27405/27405.pdf.
Full textBetene, Ebanda Fabien. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques et thermiques du plâtre renforcé de fibres végétales tropicales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22298/document.
Full textThe plaster is a material of high availability and very known for its qualities : it is favourable to the protection of the environment, quite malleable, of low density, its functional properties are remarkable (firewall, thermal insulation, regulator of the hygroscopy of enclosures), decorative, ... What justifies the interest attached to this material for constructions. Its great alarming brittleness is at the origin of the research tasks in the whole world for its strengthening. The glass fibers and sisal are the more used reinforcements to this day. The strengthening by plant fibers is more and more researched. The microstructure of the plaster is porous ; that promotes its heat insulation character. The textures implemented so far are limited to porosities ranging between 30 and 55%. The reduction of cost of this material for a wide use is still possible and desired. Two levers are exploited in this work, in particular a lightening of the plaster weight to increase the proportion of air voids and a reinforcement of the mechanical resistance with locally produced fibers. The objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical, thermal and hygrometrical characteristics of a material made up of harden plaster, with high porosity, strengthened by a new plant fiber : the Rhecktophyllum Camerunense (RC), a fiber of humid equatorial forests. The sisal fiber, of known use for the strengthening of the plaster, serves as a reference for comparison purposes. A serie of experiments is conducted to this effect. A physicochemical characterization of constituents is performed. Mechanical tests of tensile and of bending are performed on the constituents and the resulting plaster/fiber composite materials. The kinetic adsorption of moisture by the constituents is followed. The thermal behaviour of plaster and plaster/fiber is also measured. The fibers used, sisal and RC are with high rates of cellulose (between 49 and 78.8% ), the fiber of RC is tubular with 35.5 % of porosity. The plaster is dissolved in demineralized water to a mass ratio W/P equals to 1 from the powder of semihydrate β. Its crystalline microstructure is composed of gypsum crystals in the form of needles tangled with the empty intercristallins. As far as the mechanical behavior is concerne, the result reveals that the plaster is weak, its Young’s modulus in tensile is 1.72 GPa, its tensile strength is 0.86 MPa and its elongation at break is 1.16 %. In three points bending test, its modulus of elasticity is 0.64 GPa and its constraint at break is 0.13 MPa. The sisal fiber is stiff and fragile. Its Young’s modulus is between 9 and 21 GPa, it admits an elongation at break of 3 to 7 %. On the other side, the fiber of RC is quite ductile : the means of Young’s module is 7 GPa and the elongation at break is 24.2 %. The adhesion of the plaster on the fiber surface is low : it adheres more on the sisal than on the RC. The sisal strengthened better the plaster with a sensitive increase of the Young’s modulus of 42.5 %, against 16.3 % for the RC. But the RC fiber gives rather high elastic ductility. The fibers of RC deliver maximum capacity in tensile to the plaster when they are woven into unidirectional. They offer high capacity in bending when they are uniformly distributed inside the volume according to the longitudinal direction of the structure. (...)
Banoune, Brahim. "Comportement mécanique et durabilité des matériaux routiers à différents dosages en sédiments fins." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0032.
Full textManagement of large volume of sediment from the dam and river dredging is important economic and environmental challenge. An ecological alternative of storage or disposal at sea must be considered in order to develop this raw material. These sediments are interesting in civil engineering particularly for the roadworks sector. In this thesis we focused on dredging materials of Kherrata and Wadi Soummam.We studied the physical characteristic, mineralogical and mechanical of sediments. This characterization showed that it is necessary to improve their mechanical properties if we hope to used sediments on roadworks. For that we have chosen to realized an hydraulic treatement with binder (hydrated lime and cement). A non-exhaustive parametric study was conducted by varying percentage of binder in sediment. We are also interested to the influence of particle size correctors on the mechanical behavior. The treatment with lime or cement can improve the mechanical caracteristic. However, cement treatment offers the advantage to be more interesting in terms of incorporated dosage and length of treatment. From the durability point of view cement treatment of our sediment is more appropriate and provides a final material to be used in subgrade layer in accordance with the GTR reglementation
Voirin, Jean. "Utilisation des calcaires du Bajocien lorrain moyen en techniques routières." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0093_VOIRIN.pdf.
Full textThis work looks at the use of aggregates taken from limestone formations in the Lorraine Bajocian banks for road subbases. Economic studies show that the use of carbonate rock keeps growing in Lorraine, surpassing traditional materials to the point of being the major resource for road building. This manuscript displays how these materials don't cause any particular technical difficulties in this field even though they have a wide range of aspects. However, the formulation must be well adapted and binder use is preferable. The limestone from massive rock has good adhesion properties with the matrix, especially if the hydraulic binder contains slag. A kinetic study of the setting of these mixes proves that standard equivalence coefficients, for the estimation of final performances, used now are not adapted to limestone, which reacts chemically. As to pertains to the elaboration of the limestone mixes, we confirm that the standard gradings are pertinent until an eventual improvement of recomposition methods based on aggregate stacking theory is established
Bian, Hui. "Etude expérimentale de l'endommagement de BFUHP sous sollicitations physique, chimique et mécanique." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0008.
Full textThis thesis is based on the experimental study of the damage of the Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) under physic, chemic or mechanic solicitations. All our concrete specimens used in this thesis have the same cement matrix and they are reinforced with a 1% volume fraction of fiber, these concrete specimens are distinguished by the natures of their fiber used (steel, mineral or synthetic), by their dimensions (macro or micro) and by their mechanic properties, etc. The first part of this thesis is composed of 2 chapters. The chapter one presents the literature study of UHPFRC. The chapter two introduces our experimental techniques used in this thesis. The chapter three presents our experimental research on the UHPFRC at their initial state, in terms of their microstructures and their mechanic behaviors. The chapter four presents our research on the thermal damage of our UHPFRC specimens (150°C, 200°C, 300°C and 400°C). The chapter five presents our works on the physic damage of UHPFRC specimens by the freeze-thaw cycles. The chapter six presents our research on the chemic damage of UHPFRC by the aggression of ammonium nitrate solution. These researches are performed by both non-destructive testing (measurement of gas permeability, porosity, P-wave velocity and ultrasonic wave attenuation) and mechanic testing (uniaxial compression)
Alhaik, Ghaith. "Influence de l'amidon sur les propriétés rhéologiques, mécaniques et multiphysiques de formulations terre-paille." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0205/document.
Full textThe eco-construction responds to the need to reduce the environmental footprint in the sector of construction through the use of proximity resources (e.g. earth, straw, etc.), without energy-intensive transformation and through the thermohydric regulation capacity of walls. Raw earth alone or in association with straw is a symbol. But variable characteristics according to its origin, a long drying time and low mechanical strengths are brakes to its use. Earth material in association with biosourced admixtures such as starch, already used in the manufacturing of plasterboard, represents an interesting way to improve its performances.The thesis aims to study the influence of starch on the physico-mechanical behavior of the earth alone or with straw. The intended application of the study is the prefabrication of non-load-bearing construction products. The designed mixes include quarry fines (QF), hemp or flax straw and various starches.The first part of this work deals with earth-starch mixes. Viscometer tests were defined modified Bingham as the rheological behavior of mixes and showed an increase in thixotropy. In hardened state, the mechanical strengths are better with starch.The second part deals with earth-straw-starch mixes. Starch improves the workability and the mechanical strengths measured under different storage conditions. At the scale of a block, the mechanical, thermal and acoustic performances of some mixes are comparable to those of plaster blocks
Vinceslas, Théo. "Caractérisation d'éco-matériaux terre-chanvre en prenant en compte la variabilité des ressources disponibles localement." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS538.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to understand the behaviour and measure the performance of thermal insulating eco-materials consisting in hemp shiv and raw earth, in order to produce a lowenvironmental- impact material. The first issue of this study is the representativeness of the results, with regard to the variability of the constituents. 28 earth, collected across Brittany and Normandy, and three hemp shiv, were characterized. The characterization parameters are studied using several methods that will be compared. From these 28 earths, 6 were chosen to represent the whole and produce samples. Then, the slip, a mixture of earth and water, is studied in order to establish links between the earth constituents and its rheological behaviour. To understand this rheological behaviour allows us to propose on-field tests. Finally, the manufactured samples allow to study the influence of material variability on the mechanical performances in compression and on the hygrothermal storage and transfer (heat/water vapour) performances of the earth-hemp. The thesis project is part of a larger research project entitled ECO-TERRA. The study of the links between material variability and performances of the insulation is intended, through ECO-TERRA, to enable the development of locally available resources
Hamdaoui, Ons. "Caractérisation thermique et mécanique de fibres naturelles d'origine marine en vue de leur utilisation dans les matériaux de l'habitat." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1152/document.
Full textIn this work, we have firstly studied the use of fibers extracted from the marine plant Posidonia-Oceanica as loose-fill thermal insulation material for buildings. Measurements were conducted and allowed the determination of the effect of fibers density and chemical treatments on thermal properties. Thermal conductivities were lying between 0.04 and 0.07 W.m-1.K-1, whereas the heat capacity is about 2500 J.kg-1.K-1. Thus, it was found that fibers thermal conductivity is close to the one of commonly used thermal insulation materials and that their heat capacity is significantly higher. It was also found that the influence of chemical treatment on the thermal properties is not significant. Measurement results showed that these fibers could be a promising ecological loose-fill insulation material in the construction field. Secondly, fibers were used as reinforcement for cement paste. A set of composite samples were formulated by varying fibers volume fractions from 0 to 20%. Their hygroscopic, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated. Composites were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and their thermophysical properties were measured with a Hot Disk thermal constants analyzer during the drying cycle. Sensitivity of these materials to relative humidity was examined by measuring the water content variation in controlled humidity environments. These measurements allowed the quantification of the water diffusion coefficient. This coefficient increased slightly with the increase of fibers content in composite samples. Concerning thermal properties, the addition of Posidonia-Oceanica fibers improved the material insulating properties. In fact, a decrease of about 22% on thermal conductivity values was found with the introduction of 20% of fibers compared to the unfilled cement paste. For Posidonia-Oceanica fibers volume fractions considered in this study (0 to 20 Vol.%), the effect of the presence of fibers on thermal diffusivity and on heat capacity is not significant, regarding the measurement uncertainties. Concerning mechanical properties, flexural and compressive strengths increased for about fiber volume fractions in the range of 5 to 10%. Moreover, a noticeable increase of toughness was observed with increasing fibers amount: for instance, an increase of about 65% was observed with the introduction of 20% of fibers in the composite. Based on the experimental observations, simplified analytical models were developed to predict thermal conductivity, flexural strength, compressive strength and toughness as a function of fibers volume fraction in the material
Fall, Meïssa. "Identification et caractérisation mécanique de graveleux latéritiques du Sénégal : application au domaine routier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL119N.
Full textRodier, Loïc. "Matériaux de construction en zone tropicale humide : Potentialités de sous-produits ou de matériaux naturels locaux en substitution ou addition à la matrice cimentaire." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0804/document.
Full textThe incorporation of crop wastes or natural materials in the cement matrix confers interesting properties to composites prepared. The aim of this thesis is to develop a material that can reach the mechanical, thermal and durability requirements for building materials in the humid tropical zone. Firstly, pozzolanic activity of a natural pozzolan, bamboo stem and sugar cane bagasse ashes has been determined. Influence of their incorporation on mechanical properties and durability of mortars exposed to chloride and sulphate ions was studied. Secondly, influence of addition of bagasse fibers on thermal and mechanical properties of composites was studied as a function of various parameters (fibers content, curing, type of cement matrix).These results has shown that the materials studied have pozzolanic activity and it is possible to incorporate them into the cement to fight against corrosion. Moreover, composites elaborated with bagasse fibers are more insulating than those elaborated without fibers. However, from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, incorporation of bagasse fibers decreases flexural strength of composites in the present work and under the conditions producing procedures that were adopted
Niang, Ibrahim. "Contribution à la certification des bâtiments durables au Sénégal : cas d'étude des matériaux de construction biosourcés à base de Typha." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS030.
Full textThis work is a part of PNEEB/Typha project (National Program for Energy Efficiency of Buildings) for the valorisation of an invasive reed, the Typha Australis, as a thermal insulator to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Senegal. An agromaterial based on clay soil and Typha Australis is elaborated in order to evaluate the influence of the amount and fibres morphology on the material behaviour. For this, two production mode of granulates are chosen: longitudinal and transversal cut. Physical properties are studied (porosity, apparent, and absolute density, microstructure) and mechanical strength is determined. Sound absorption is also evaluated, as well as hygrothermal properties, and fire behaviour. Results show that granulate morphology affects the mechanical shear and flexure behaviour, as well as the acoustic absorption. Its impact on the compression strength is less pronounced. A greater portion of Typha fibers reduces the mechanical strength. However, hygrothermal performances are increased due to the aggregates porosity. Typha transverse fraction improves thermal resistance and increase water vapor transfer. This study also shows that these materials are excellent moisture regulators. Finally, fire tests reveal that it can be classified as combustible but non-flammable due to the clay presence. The fibres shape does not have a great influence
Ayed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textAlberto, Mario Michaque Miguel. "Faisabilité de composites bois-ciment destinés à la construction de maisons au Mozambique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10059.
Full textChatain, Szostkiewicz Catherine. "Méthodes mixtes numériques et expérimentales pour la caractérisation en rigidité et la fissuration de membranes composites orthotropes." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10288.
Full textMelo, Moura Jorge Daniel de. "Utilisation en structures des résineux à faible densité : conséquences technologiques de scénarios sylvicoles extrêmes." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0041_DE_MELO_MOURA.pdf.
Full textChabannes, Morgan. "Formulation et étude des propriétés mécaniques d'agrobétons légers isolants à base de balles de riz et de chènevotte pour l'éco-construction." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS008/document.
Full textThe improvement of building energy efficiency and the reduction of CO2 emissions from the construction industry have become a major issue over the last years. We need to cut the energy consumption linked to heating and cooling of buildings during their operating period but also to choose materials with low carbon footprint using renewable and local resources.Hemp concretes are more and more used in green construction. These bio-based building materials consist of hemp-derived aggregates mixed with mineral binders and water. These concretes have attractive insulating properties and present some effectiveness in buffering variations of temperature and humidity in buildings. Considered as a multifunctional material, hemp concrete can offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional building envelopes but have the disadvantage of being very low strength. Unlike cellular concrete or clay bricks, hemp concretes cannot be used as load-bearing materials but for infilling walls with a wood timber frame. The aim of this thesis work is, on the one hand, to diversify plant aggregates used for the manufacturing of bio-based concretes by developing an innovative material based on local rice husk from the Camargue area and on the other hand to investigate some processes in order to increase mechanical strength of these materials after the first months of curing. The first objective of this work was to characterize rice husks prior to incorporating them in a lime-based mix. Intrinsic features of rice husks led to the manufacturing of a new bio-based concrete designed with a lower water content and a higher apparent density than hemp concrete (by remaining below 800 kg.m-3). Thermal conductivity of rice husk concrete was comparable to that of hemp concrete for a given « binder on aggregates (B/A) » mass ratio. Nevertheless, mechanical performances in compression have proved lower for the rice husk concrete after one month of hardening at 20°C and 50%RH. The second line of the work dealt with the evolution of mechanical properties and binder hardening over time. Specimens were cured during 10 months either at 20°C and 50%RH or exposed outdoors. Hemp concrete exhibited a higher compressive strength gain over time than that achieved for rice husk concrete despite a same hardening kinetics. This curing under natural carbonation was compared to an accelerated one (CO2 curing). Accelerated carbonation provided the opportunity to obtain the same compressive after 2 months than that reached after the outdoor exposure during 10 months. Considering that compressive strength of rice husk concrete is restricted by the bonding strength between the binder and the aggregates, this work also focused on the effect of a lime-water treatment of plant aggregates. This latter was not efficient for hemp concrete but increased compressive strength of rice husk concrete. Finally, the effect of a moist curing (95%RH) and elevated temperature (50°C) on binder hardening and strength development of bio-based concretes was investigated. This aspect was also studied on lime-based mortars. The results showed that this type of curing led to a strong increase of mechanical strength for the binder after 28 days due to kinetic effects on hydration reactions. Nevertheless, these curing conditions were detrimental to the transition zone between the binder and the plant aggregates and consequently counterproductive for the mechanical performances of bio-based concretes
Bertrand, Lionel. "Influence d'un MHEC sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'un enduit de rénovation de façade : étude de l'adhérence de l'enduit sur une pierre de Tuffeau." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0087.
Full textRenovation renders are complex materials. They content many components: cement, lime, aggregates and organic admixtures. One of them, the water retentive, allows to retain the water inside the render when applied on a porous substrate. In this study, the retentive admixture is a cellulose ether (MHEC). Its mode of action and effects on render properties are not well known. The aim of this work is to measure and explain the MHEC influence on the render adhesion when applied on a limestone substrate (tuff). Therefore, we compared Iwo renders, with and without MHEC. However, the adjunction of MHEC demands an addition of water during the render mix to obtain similar render workability. The study of the render adhesion is done thanks to the Wedge Splitting Test. This test allows to control the crack propagation at the render/substrate interface and gives many information (load, stiffness, fracture energy). The characterization of mechanical (elastic modulus) and physical properties (length variations, setting kinetics) of renders completed by the study of water movements (suction, evaporation) helps to understand their adhesive behavior. Also, modifications due to MHEC addition were underlined, separately of the render water content. ESEM observations of the renders hydration and of the renders/substrate fracture surfaces allow to raise assumptions on the MHEC action mode
Guiheneuf, Simon. "Formulation et renforts de blocs en matériau terre pour une utilisation structurelle." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAR0007.
Full textIn the actual context of accelerated climate change and increase in global population, the building industry must face crucial challenges: decrease its environmental impact while offering housing solutions for the humankind. To answer it, the development of new bio-based and local building materials appears to be a much-needed ecological alternative to cementitious materials that presents significant environmental footprint. This PhD work aims to develop earth-based blocks with guaranteed mechanical properties in order to build 3-storey buildings. These earths, stabilized using bio-based additions but without any cement or lime, are locally sourced. Therefore, three earths that represent the local variability of resources are first characterised. Then, the rheological behaviour of each type of earth mix is assessed in order to adapt earth mix-design to each studied forming process (compaction, vibro-compaction, casting and extrusion. Mechanical performances at the dry state and in-service life of each earth mix-design are measured for all studied processing routes. Finally, some durability properties of the Britanysourced earth-based materials are described: capillary absorption, erosion and immersion resistance. Obtained results show that produced blocks are as performant as cementstabilized earth materials and allow to consider the semi-industrial development of earth-based blocks fabrication units for structural purpose with limited environmental footprint
Ho, Manh Hung. "Performance en flexion des poutres en béton hybride CFRP armé." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS004.
Full textThe study on strengthening or repairing reinforced concrete structures by bonding composite materials has been widely carried out for more than two decades. The mechanical and physical advantages on flexural strength, shear strength, mechanical behaviour, durability, reinforcement efficiency have been well approved. The methods of reinforcement by composite materials can be distinguished as internal reinforcement, external reinforcement and hybrid reinforcement. In this work, the hybrid reinforced concrete beams were studied. Reinforcement in bending is provided by steel and composite materials, CFRP plate. Two bonding methods between the concrete surface and the CFRP plate surface are proposed: direct bonding and bonding using an epoxy resin layer. In this study, three different series of hybrid-reinforced beams were used: a direct bond between the two materials, the second with an adhesive bond between the two materials and the last with a specific bond. The mechanical performance of these beams, mechanical behaviour, failure modes, ultimate load, load corresponding to the first cracks in the concrete, load corresponding to the plasticization of the longitudinal steel and the influence of the adhesion between the concrete surface and the surface of the CFRP plate were analysed. The numerical finite element method was also used to analyse the mechanical performance of the beams. The results provide new knowledge on the mechanical advantages of hybrid reinforced concrete beams
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431/document.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Lumingkewas, Riana Herlina. "Development of materials for construction with low environmental Impact made with low content of cement and with natural fibers." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS383/document.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the field of building materials for the construction industry, by developing research on renewable building materials that are environmentally friendly. Materials are made with low cement and using local materials such as clay and waste natural fiber, formation through the process of extrusion technology. The long-term goal is finding new materials environmentally friendly building made from local materials to improve the quality of performance, speed up the building and reduce construction costs. The first study examined the physical, mechanical, thermal and microstructure of natural fibers of coir fiber that is widely available in Indonesia. Then, in terms of coir fiber ratio treated and untreated. Furthermore, it is developing Weibull models to get models tensile strength of the single coir fiber. The second study, designed the formulation of coir fiber reinforced cement and clay of composite materials to formed through a process of the extrusion technology spiral. After that, rheological testing rheometer used to examine the impact on the behavior of fiber cement paste stabilized with clay. Then, it analyzed to derive predictive models of the yield stress of composite materials. The third study, inspect mechanical extrusion product performance, using destructive mechanical testing system (MTS) and using non-destructive testing methods with digital image correlation (DIC). Then, develop mechanical models and micromechanical models of fiber composites. To get the characterization of micro-components are testing by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The evolution of failure and damage observed micro cracks. The results obtained from this study, the performance of coir fiber can be improved through treatment and obtained a single fiber tensile strength models. Furthermore, the formula obtained extrusion products fiber composite materials can extrude without defects on the surface. Also, it obtained rheological models to predict the yield stress fiber composites. The addition of coir fiber increases the compressive strength and tensile strength than plain mortar. Failure and damage evolution of fiber composite is more resilient than the plain mortar. Similarly, it obtained mechanical models of the fiber effects and micromechanical models of compressive strength and tensile strength of the fiber composite. The resulting model compared with experimental data results of MTS and DIC, are giving significant results. The resulting building material is environmentally friendly materials, ductile and highly suitable for buildings in earthquake areas
Honoré, Mathilde. "Mise au point de nouveaux bio-composites verts innovants à base de roseau commun Phragmites australis : applications en plasturgie et en éco-construction pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIS572.
Full textThe use of plant fibres, both in the field of plastics processing and in the building industry, makes it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and therefore the environmental impact of mankind. Interest in biocomposites using plant fibres such as hemp, wood, flax and also miscanthus reed is increasing. Nowadays, there is very little work on the reed phragmites australis. However, as it does not use cultivated areas, this invasive plant is independent of agricultural issues and does not require any chemical inputs. The reed harvest is therefore part of a wetlands management approach while enhancing the value of a material with multiple properties. This work is devoted to the characterisation of the raw material phragmites australis and to the study of its eligibility as a substitute material of three reference materials, wood, miscanthus and hemp shiv, widely used as reinforcements in plastics processing and eco-construction. Composite formulations using two polymer matrices (polypropylene and polybutylene succinate) with different rates of plant fillers and coupling agent were characterised from the point of view of their mechanical properties by Charpy tensile, flexural and impact tests. The water ageing of these composites was also studied and correlated to the hydrophobic character of the reed. For the construction application, formulations based on reeds of different origins and using different binders (lime, plaster and earth) were tested in compression and with thermal conductivity measurements in order to evaluate the behaviour of the reed as a material for building use
Duong, Quynh Huong. "Conception, caractérisation et modélisation : contribution à la fiabilité de micro-commutateurs RF MEMS." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10166.
Full textMailler, Philippe. "Rhéologie des membranes composites souples orthotropes sous chargement multi-axial." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10143.
Full textAili, Abudushalamu. "Shrinkage and creep of cement-based materials under multiaxial load : poromechanical modeling for application in nuclear industry." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1014/document.
Full textThe main interest of the thesis is the long-term mechanical behavior of the containment building of french nuclear power plants. The containment buildings of the power plants are biaxially prestressed concrete structures. Therefore, we summarize the problem of interest into two following key points: biaxiality of load and long-term delayed strain.In order to characterize the delayed strain under biaxial load, our study first concentrates on the viscoelastic Poisson's ratio of concrete. In this purpose, we start by scrutinizing the definition of Poisson's ratio in non-aging linear isotropic viscoelasticity. Then, from the analysis of experimental results from the literature, we can obtain the viscoelastic Poisson's ratio of concrete. As an extension, we use micromechanics to shed some light on the long-term creep mechanism of the C-S-H gel.In a second step, we aim at proposing a poroviscoelastic model without postulating a priori the classical decomposition of delayed strains. We start by identifying the major experimental tendencies and physical phenomena that we aim at capturing with the model. From experimental data of autogenous shrinkage and basic creep from the literature, we analyze the possible physical origin of long-term autogenous shrinkage. In the end, a physics-based poroviscoelastic model is proposed, derived from the poromechanics theory. The prediction of the model is compared with experimental results from literature
Augeard, Eric. "Expérimentation et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures multi-matériaux bois-béton." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1167/document.
Full textThe objective of this project is to develop composite structures. These kinds of structures are made with wood, concrete, adhesive and rebar. The purpose is to take advantages of each material in order to improve the mechanical behavior of the hybrid structure. New bonding systems are proposed and studied to offer innovating solutions in Civil Engineering.The first part is dedicated to the study of the liaison between wood and concrete by gluing. An experimental analysis is done with push out tests in order to determine the best configurations to connect wood and concrete. Two constructive methods have been retained: a dry way and a humid way.The second step consists to test these methods of fabrication in real condition. An experimental campaign on beams and panels is launched with 4 points bending tests and under static loading to characterize the mechanical behavior of eleven beams. The interest of such hybrid sections is confirmed: gain of the bearing capacity and rigidity. The gluing and the new system of bonding are both performing and avoid slip between materials. Tests on panels show a security margin compared to classic loads in construction, for both limit states.The last stage of the thesis focuses on the study of cyclic loading of hybrid panels where 4 points bending test is used to load panels for one million cycles between 4 and 20 kN. These loads correspond respectively to the dead load on the unloaded panels and the panels loaded with regulatory live loads. After cyclic tests are performed, a bending test to the rupture is conducted.In parallel, an analytical study to model the instantaneous mechanical behavior of composite structure is proposed. This model is based on an iterative calculation by studying the deformation of the section and by equilibrating internal forces. The mechanical behavior of each material is takes into account with their non-linearity. This modelling is developed for static loads and was adapted to take in consideration creep of materials and thus obtain the differential behavior of wood-concrete structures
Guidigo, Jonathan. "Caractérisation physico-mécanique d’un composite bois polymère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0229/document.
Full textThis study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC
Caprio, Silva Gustavo. "L' identification de propriétés de matériaux à partir des mesures de champ utilisant la modélisation par éléments finis avec accent sur la caractérisation d'erreurs expérimentales déterministes." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0008.
Full textProgresses in Finite Elements, and Optical Full Field Measurement techniques, in particular their treatment of a large number of data points and their ability to visualize strain variations have made possible the identification of more realistic material/structure properties on direct industrial parts. This thesis describes the implementation of a Finite Element Model Updating strategy employed for the identification of material/structures properties. A special effort is made to map accurately and efficiently experimental data points into the FE model. Some original developments were also made to take into account several deterministic experimental phenomena. An estimate of statistical confidence intervals is described. Applications are given for the identification of elastic orthotropic properties of composite materials using a classical standard test on a structure. Last, the thesis is concluded with a case study using stereo-correlation on an industrial airplane part
Hamouine, Abdelmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier-béton de hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0009.
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