Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction mécanique'
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Hoang, Viet Hai. "Interaction fluide-structure : comportement tribologique des matériaux minéraux à base cimentaire à l'état frais." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0036.
Full textThe tribological properties of cement based material and rigid metallic wall are studied. The range of normal stress is 21,7 – 358 kPa. The range of slip velocity is 10-3 – 10-1 m/s. The roughness is characterised by the Ra indicator and the analysed range is 0. 52 – 100 µm. Thus, the average structure of the material is taken into account in the study. This experimental study is realised by mean a tribometer. Such device is developed and validated in the laboratory. Finally, the wall friction reduction is studied and an electrical technique is used. Such technique induces the interface lubrication. The control of the lubrication regime was studied
Larue, Bruno. "Déversement élastique des barres maintenues latéralement." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0185_LARUE.pdf.
Full textThis work is articulated around three axes. The first relates to the development of a new consistent theory of the lateral buckling of the profiles restrained laterally in translation and rotation. The second relates to the determination of the analytical expression of the critical buckling moment. Several calculations were carried out in parallel with two software whose princip les of research of the critical state are completely different. One, developed in this work, uses the numerical resolution of the system of differential equations. The other, named LTBEAM and developed by the C. T. I. C. M. , is based on the finite element method. The differences between two numerical results always remained lower than 1 %. The third more pragmatic relates to the proposaI of an alternative method based on the study of buckling around an enforced axis of an equivalent section continuously restrained at one flange
Gardelle, Vincent. "Mécanique des assemblages et renforts collés en construction bois." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13073.
Full textJi, Michel. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des géotextiles." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0197.
Full textDursapt, Michel. "Contribution expérimentale de la métrologie des états de surface à l'étude du comportement des surfaces rugueuses soumises à l'action de contraintes mécaniques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0014.
Full textLafond, Cassandra. "Stratégie d'amélioration de la résistance mécanique des zones de connecteurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26841.
Full textWood experiences a growing demand as a construction material in tall buildings. Its aesthetic qualities and the fact that it is a renewable material make it attractive for architects. When compared to functionally equivalent products, it appears that the wood decreases non-renewable energy consumption and total energy demand. Plus, wood carbon storage can reduce the environmental footprint of buildings when compared to steel or concrete. Now allowed up to six stories high in Canada, tall wood buildings are matter for important design challenges. When designing structures, the connector areas are often the critical points. Indeed, the stresses are highest there. Thus, the structures tend to appear massive and to reduce architectural innovation. New strategies need to be developed to improve the mechanical strength in the connector zone. Various studies have recently brought on creating or improving assembly type. In this study, the aim is to target the material used in the connection area by reinforcing it. The impregnation was chosen as the strengthening solution since the literature demonstrates that it is possible to increase the wood hardness with this technique. The use of this treatment on black spruce (Picea Mariana (Mill.) BSP) as a structural application is the novelty element in this research. Despite a full piece impregnation, the low permeability wood species helped to create a thin layer of densified surface without having to use a large quantity of chemicals. A vacuum-pressure impregnation process was used to develop a new wood-based material more performant in assemblies. The impregnation agent was composed of 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane tricacrylate and of a polyester acrylate oligomer. A second formulation containing SiO2 nanoparticles allowed to verify the effect of the nanoparticles on the treatment. The dowel-bearing strength test was performed to determine the contribution of the treatment on the wood used as a connector element. The scale effect was observed by performing the test with three different diameters of bolts (9.525 mm, 12.700 mm and 15.875 mm). In addition, the test was carried out according to a load applied in the perpendicular to grain direction for the mean diameter of bolt (12.700 mm). The digital image correlation was used while executing the dowel-bearing test as an analytical tool to compare the differences between strain fields before and after the reinforcement treatment. Results have shown higher bearing strengths after treatment. Furthermore, the efficiency was increased more the bolt diameter decreased. The best results were defined as a 79% greater dowel bearing strength for the characteristic value using the bolt of 9.525 mm. The stiffness of treated wood was higher of approximately 30%. Better mechanical performances after treatment are associated to the increase of density giving by the polymerization of formulation at the border of the bolt hole. Change in dowel bearing strength was almost nonexistent for the perpendicular to grain orientation. Low depth penetration due to the wood anatomy limiting the permeability in the perpendicular to grain direction caused this phenomenon. For the treated sample, the presence of a cracking failure was less common. With the digital image correlation analysis, the strains were found to be distributed more widely around the connection area. Also, no significant differences were found in the samples treated with and without nanoparticles. A slightly lower chemical retention was observed for the treated with nanoparticles sample group due to the accumulation of nanoparticles acting as a barrier at wood surface. Normally, this could lead to better densification of the external layer of the wood, but in this case mechanical performances were the same. There is no need to add nanoparticles and increase the cost of chemicals. Despite a very low penetration of the liquid inside the timber, the densified layer created at wood surface is suitable to produce a new, strong material in the connecting areas. The reinforcement of wood in connectors region could influence the design of large structures. With strengthen connection elements, it would be possible to extend the beams spans, thus multiplying the architectural possibilities. The reinforcement could also reduce the sections of beams and decrease the need in construction materials. This would result in diminished transport costs and faster assembly times. In addition, a fewer quantity of connector elements could be needed, reducing the supply costs in metal elements as well. The outcomes of a new and more efficient wood-based material used in connections would promote wood in tall buildings while helping to lower the environmental impact of buildings.
Oneto, Manuela. "Cyberpunk : un mouvement artistique sous influence mécanique." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083208.
Full textUp to now, the critics always seem to have implicitly defined Cyberpunk as a literary movement, almost hiding the existence of different art groups directly deriving from this wave. They did not consider the fact that Cyberpunk is a complex movement, spreading as a virus through many different networks: from literature to politics, from theatrical performances to cinema and music, from the psychedelic universe to the world of entertainment. Therefore, in this thesis we are asking ourselves under which conditions can Cyberpunk really exist as an art trend? If the matter of machines, of man-machine interaction, and the consequent mutation, finds a central role in the art movements of the 20th century, it represents the essential question of the Cyberpunk movement, since the machina is not only an equipment to be deliberately used, but also more deeply it becomes an instrument of contamination that could dangerously threat our society. Our purpose is then to examine under which conditions the machine becomes machination, a virus able to spread along with the risks concerning the importance of this infection process on our socio-cultural behaviours. The mechanisms that allowed the machine to become a fundamental means of artistic expressions through cyberpunk artistic groups that developed a real underground wave in Europe and America, such as the FURA DELS BAUS in Spain, the MUTOID WASTE COMPANY in Italy, the SURVIVAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES in England and the SEEMEN in California. Finally, in our hypothesis Cyberpunk imposed the metaphor of the transformation of social conditions, appearing as the mirror of a mutant society transformed by the machina, which contaminates both our body and our culture by means of its cultural mutations
Atangana, Ateba Jean. "Etude et développement d'une chaine de fabrication de pièces composites par enroulement filamentaire." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS065.
Full textReynier, Marie. "Sur le contrôle de modélisations par éléments finis : recalage à partir d'essais dynamiques." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066668.
Full textKhalfaoui, Mohamed. "Approche énergétique et analytique de quelques aspects du problème de Saint-Venant : cas de poutres composites." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20104.
Full textMouterde, Rémy. "Morphogenèse des charpentes à chevrons formant fermes : évolution morphologique, comportement mécanique et principes constructifs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1149.
Full textThe earliest wooden rafter trusses in France can be traced back from the 11th century. Their morphology progressively changes in time until the 17th century, after which it disappears completely. This research is meant to be a contribution towards the understanding of the possible origins of such an evolution. Two explanations are proposed :the first one is based on the accumulation of knowledge in structural mechanics of the carpenters. Considering a selection of specimens that are representative of major milestones identified by previous authors, a numerical modelling of these hyperstatic structures is implemented so as to understand better the precise role played by the different elements of the framework. Comparative studies highlight a slow evolutionary process in which phases of situational shape adaptation alternate with periods of implementation of new knowledge extracted from these experimentations. The second explanation takes into account the problems related to the erection of the frames. Through reconstructions of remarkable specimens and the simulation of the assembly process using representative lifting devices, the credibility of a number of scenarios and operational sequences are evaluated. The results invalidate several assumptions and in particular, that of an assembly at ground level preceding the lifting into place. Furthermore, the first longitudinal systems connecting two principal trusses appear as an aid to the construction process: these facilitate safer in-situ operations and allow an easier assembly of the rafters
Bouadma, Lila. "Pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique : construction et évaluation d'un programme de prévention." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077210.
Full textVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care unit (ICU setting. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines to prevent VAP, they remain poorly implemented. The objective was to determine the effect of a 2-yr multifaceted program aimed at preventing VAP. The program involved a healthcare workers (HCWs) and included a multidisciplinary task force, an educational session, direct observations with performance feedback, technical improvements, and reminders. It focused on eight targeted measures based on well recognized published guidelines, easily and precisely defined acts, and directly concerned HCW's bedside behavior: 1 compliance with hand-hygiene rules including use of an alcohol-based hand rub, 2) proper glove and gown use, 3) keeping patients in the semi-recumbent position, 4) keeping the endotracheal tube cuff pressure >20 cm H2O, 5) using orogastric tubes rather than nasogastric tubes, 6) avoiding gastric overdistension, 7) decontaminating the patient's mouth with 0. 12% chlorhexidine at least four times/day, and 8) eliminating nonessential tracheal suction. We studied the impact of the programme on compliance with the targeted preventive measures, on HCWs'individual factors and on VA incidence and the role of technical devices. Our preventive program produced sustained VAP rate decreases in the long term. However, VAP rates remained substantial despite high compliance with preventive measures, suggesting that eliminating VAP in the ICU may be an unrealistic goal
Medjahed, Djafer. "Comportement mécanique des assemblages tubes sur sphères en construction métallique : calcul numérique et validation expérimentale." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR30005.
Full textThis research work deals with some aspects of the mechanical behaviour of a welded steel connection between a circular cross section element and a hollow steel sphere which is to be used in future steel constructions. The problem has not been studied yet and there are consequently needs in design recommandations for the assembly as part of a structure under predominant loading. Our approach in meeting this consists of a limited series of laboratory tests and a parametric numerical analysis using the finite element method. The results obtained by means of numerical modelling show good agreement with experimental results under both axial compression loading and bending moment until the maximum carrying load is reached. Tests show that failure occurs without cracking and is due to developping plastic strain near the joint of the connection. After analysing the stress distribution the finite element model, it was concluded that a suspected failure mechanism may be worked out by means of the limit analysis of shells of revolution. Based on the kinematical theorem a model is proposed in ordered to predict the limit load under compressive axial force and bending moment for a given configuration of the connection. Calculated limit load by the proposed formulae agreed quite well with experimental and numerical results
Comair, Fadi Georges. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction : application à l'habitat du Moyen-Orient." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10077.
Full textAyed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textCazes, Fabien. "Construction et implémentation de lois cohésives extrinsèques." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the common use of continuous models (damage, plasticity) and discontinuous models (cohesive zone models, Griffith theory) in rupture calculations. Two types of models are retained to modelize the diffuse phase of rupture as well as the localized phase appearing when the behaviour law becomes softening: - continuous models regularized with the implicit gradient method, - mixt continuous/discontinuous models associating a continuous hardening model to a cohesive zone model that takes into account the softening behaviour. The main objective of the thesis was the construction of a mixt continuous/discontinuous model from a continuous regularized model used as a reference model. The method used is based on the equivalent crack concept developed by Mazars which says that two models can be considered equivalent if the same quantity of energy is dissipated for a same problem. The numerical implementation of the method is done by realizing two successive calculations : a first calculation using a reference continuous model allows to extract the quantity of energy dissipated at each time step, then a second calculation allows to calculate incrementally the cohesive law of the equivalent model by using the dissipated energy increments calculated during the first calculation. On the other hand, a damage model for which the regularization only begins from the moment when the behaviour becomes softening has been developed. This model has two damage variables, which permits to make the difference between the diffuse and the localized damage. Finally, two formulations have been proposed for the implementation of cohesive laws with an infinite initial stiffness (extrinsic laws)
Jender, Hafid, and Frédéric Truchetet. "Contrôle temps réel par vision artificielle de tubes métalliques en défilement continu." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS025.
Full textKremmyda, Eugénia. "Achille Couppas et Cie : histoire d'un constructeur mécanique du Pirée 1882-1940." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0115.
Full textPessiot-Bonvilain, Agnès. "Etude et réalisation d'un microrobot à pattes : structure mécanique et micro-actionnement." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2026.
Full textOuglova, Anna. "Etude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé atteintes par la corrosion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0034.
Full textIn the reinforced concrete structures, by nature, the reinforcing steel is covered with a protective film consisted of iron oxides. Penetration of aggressive externat agents can destabilize the film and initiale corrosion. When the layer of corrosion products grows around of the steel, loss of the rebat cross-section which is transformed into rust, decrease of rebat ductility, cracking and delamination of the concrete and loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement can be observed. The mechanical load capacity decreases and the ruin mechanism of concrete structures can change. The necessity is Io understand phenomena due to corrosion in order to perform a re-evaluation of the service lifetime of the reinforced concrete structures attacked by the corrosion
Bui, Quoc-Bao. "Stabilité des structures en pisé : durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Full textRammed earth construction is an ancient technique which is attracting renewed interest throughout the world today, thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the lifecycle of a building: construction, occupation and demolition phases. Although rammed earth is currently regarded as a promising material in the construction sector in the context of sustainable development, it is still difficult to quantify its durability, as well as its mechanical and thermal performances, which discourages people from using it. This thesis is devoted to the study of these problems, especially the two first ones. The study of the durability of rammed earth was carried out on rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows a lifetime longer than 60 years in the case of the unstabilised rammed earth wall. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall. The study of the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth in compression was carried out on three different scales. The first is the scale of in-situ walls. Dynamic measurements were carried out on site to determine the Eigen frequencies of the walls. The elastic modulus was determined from the frequencies measured by using a finite element model. The second is the scale of a representative volume element (RVE). Rammed earth RVE samples with dimensions similar to those of the walls on site were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Finally, at the last scale, called the micro-mechanical scale, tests were performed on equivalent compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which can replace the rammed earth RVE samples to facilitate laboratory tests. An exploratory study of seismic characteristics of rammed earth houses has also been established. The comparison of Eigen periods of rammed earth houses obtained from in-situ measurements and those of empirical formula proposed by seismic standards has been done. The strengthening techniques to improve the seismic capacity of rammed earth houses were also discussed
Fall, Meïssa. "Identification et caractérisation mécanique de graveleux latéritiques du Sénégal : application au domaine routier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL119N.
Full textHannawi, Kinda. "Conception, caractérisation physico-mécanique et durabilité de nouveaux matériaux de construction à caractère environnemental : application dans la technologie des constructions." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0012.
Full textOur research is part of sustainable development. It studies the potential use of waste plastics as a new source of material for construction sector and attempts to develop new composite materials incorporating plastic aggregates. To elaborate these composites, three types of plastic (PC, PET1 and PET0. 1) were introduced into cement mortars by replacing defined volume percentages of sand (3%, 10%, 20% and 50%). The mortars obtained were characterized by studying their microstructural, physical and mechanical properties. Their durability has also been studied using the tests of physical, thermal and chemical degradation. The results obtained show that the introduction of plastic aggregates in cementitious mortars causes a change in the microstructure, an increase in connected porosity and permeability, and a decrease in compressive and tensile strength. In counterpart of this reduction in strength, the incorporation of plastics aggregates gives lighter materials, significantly more ductile, which show a large deformation capacity and low ability to shrinkage cracking. These mortar composites also show a real interest in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation because their conductivity is lower and the acoustic wave propagation is slowed. All results presented allow concluding that in many applications where resistance to cracking due to imposed deformations is a performance criterion, the incorporation of plastic aggregates can be an effective solution to improve the durability. The Concretes with plastic aggregates represent ultimately a real path for plastic valorization at the end of life
Talbi, Abdennebi. "Contribution à l'étude de la reconnaissance de familles de pièces en fabrication mécanique." Metz, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1989/Talbi.Abdennebi.SMZ899.pdf.
Full textKermani, Mohammad. "Prediction of post-construction settlements of rockfill dams based on construction field data." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27406.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the area of post-construction deformations of rockfill dams. First, by studying the in-situ compression behavior of rockfill, it was revealed that the rockfill short-term compressibility and time-dependent compressibility are connected. Additionally, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of parent rock and the rockfill void ratio are two key parameters that determine the in-situ (short-term and time-dependent) rockfill compressibilities. Thus, these parameters, besides the fill materials behavior during construction (quantified by defining deformation modulus) were used to present guidelines for predicting post-construction deformations of different types of rockfill dams. In other words, by gathering a comprehensive data base of 19 concrete face rockfill dams and 22 earth core rockfill dams and evaluating settlements during and after construction, trend lines were developed which relate the post-construction settlements to the observed behavior during construction. In the presented guidelines, settlements are obtainable separately for each of the three dams’ life cycle phases: before, during and after impoundment. Additionally, the time datum for time-dependent deformations was redefined for each phase. When calculating the material moduli, the embankment geometries were taken into account by introducing a reduction factor for vertical stresses inside embankments. This study provides a good framework for characterizing and estimating the behavior of rockfill during and after construction of embankments. The trend lines presented based on behavior of numerous rockfill dams show that, in addition to addressing some limitations of previous methods (including laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and empirical methods), the approach proposed for predicting post-construction settlements is accurate and highly practical. This research also permits a better understanding of rockfill deformation mechanisms. Apart from using the presented method for predictive purposes, the presented graphs can be used to distinguish unexpected settlement behavior of a rockfill dam during its post-construction lifespan.
Champiré, Florian. "Étude expérimentale du comportement hydro-mécanique de la terre crue compactée pour la construction." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET007/document.
Full textEarthen buildings can provide an answer to face difficulties in modern constructions in both terms of sociology, economics as well as ecology. However, the difficulty to understand and to predict their behavior prevent the spreading of this technique in developed countries. This PhD is part of a research program called “Primaterre” and founded by the French National Agency for Research. It aims at providing the necessary scientific knowledge to overcome this lack and at helping the creation of appropriate standards. This work is more precisely focusing on the impact of water on the mechanical behavior of the fine proportion of the material, including sand, silt and clay, and on three different earths coming from existing rammed earth constructions. In order to be able to produce samples as identical and homogeneous as possible, a mold has first been designed, which enable to manufacture cylindrical samples with diameter of 3.5cm and height of 7cm. A triaxial cell was used and, the second step was to design different devices allowing the measurement of axial and radial deformations, the conditioning at constant temperature, and the command of a variable moist air flux at both sides of the sample. Different types of tests have thus been realized : triaxial tests at different relative humidity, as well as swelling tests. The mechanical parameters thus obtained have been analyzed in comparison with material characteristics measured in parallel. Finally, results of swelling tests have been analysed using numerical modelling, in order to assess more complex material characteristics. This thesis work ends with an additional study, aiming at evaluating the impact of scale change on the mechanical parameters previously measured. Tests have been conducted on sample approximatively twice larger, and thanks to a simpler experimental device using measurement through image correlation
Raveux, Olivier. "Une histoire méditerranéenne : la métallurgie et la construction mécanique à Marseille au XIX siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10092.
Full textMarseilles is a symbol of a mediterranean town reached by steam and iron during the 19th century. Advanced industry, metallurgy and mechanical engineering, has found its place and has managed to become a basic of the town's economic success story. Marseilles' industry, atypic and varied proves different from that of the european north-west. Cast iron making has remained a low-key activity. Other sectors have taken prominence : machine making, second melting industry and non ferrous metals. The history of that field, underrated for too long, takes the opposite view to the factors that are supposed to account for mediterranean europe's economic lag. There has been no shortage of men, capital, technological knowledge and markets. Quite like barcelona, genoa and piraeus, marseilles is entirely part of the 19th century industrial landscape. In spite of its final failure, the metallurgy and mechanical engineering of marseilles is the most accomplished of the mediterranean success combining openness and local dynamism
Boussaid, Khaled. "Sols intermédiaires pour la modélisation physique." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2130.
Full textChataigner, Sylvain. "Conception et dimensionnement d’un ancrage de hauban plat en matériaux composites." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4865/01/theseSChataigner.pdf.
Full textThis study’s main goal is to design an anchorage for a composite plate in a civil engineering application. As structural adhesive bonding was chosen, the main part of this document is dedicated to the understanding and the description of the way force is transferred through bonded joints. Three parts compose the study. The first one gathers all the bases concerning this technology which exists since a long time but is used for structural applications since only a few decades. It also presents the main elastic theories and the resulting characteristic features of structural adhesive bonding. In the second part, several different experimental investigations are precisely described and their results compared to the theoretical elastic expectations. Being insufficient concerning some of the parameters, it is then decided to take into account some non-linearities in the analysis : either damage occurrence, or plasticity. The final results are shown to be close to the experimental observations, and a more precise modeling of the force transfer is thus finally available. The last part concerns the optimization of the force transfer and starts with the reminding of the main works done on this topic. Then, a precise adhesive material characterization allows to highlight an interesting property which can improve bonded joints capacities. A specific geometry, a curved one, has to be used in order to use properly this property. Theoretical developments allow to explain the different improvements allowed by this geometry and some experimental investigations are conducted to check the ease of realization of such a geometry and its efficiency. Though additional work should be carried out on this new bonded joint, first results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed new geometry
Lambarki, Abderrahim. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique des terrains lors de l'exploitation du gisement de Hajar." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0767.
Full textRouchier, Simon. "Évaluation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction endommagés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761749.
Full textBruno, Agostino Walter. "Étude du comportement hygro- mécanique de la terre crue hyper-compactée pour la construction durable." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3021/document.
Full textThe present work explores the hygro-mechanical behaviour of a raw earth material and investigates different stabilisation techniques to improve the durability of the material against water erosion. An extensive campaign of laboratory tests was performed on both unstabilised and stabilised materials at two different scales: small cylindrical samples and large bricks. An innovative manufacturing method based on the application of very high compaction pressures (hypercompaction) was proposed. Also, the compaction load was maintained constant for a sufficient period of time to allow soil consolidation. The main objective was to increase material density, thus improving mechanical performance. Samples compacted with the proposed method exhibited a dry density of about 2320 kg/m3, which is the highest value registered in the literature for an unstabilised earthen material. The effect of the compaction pressure on the material fabric was assessed by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption tests. Results showed that the increase of compaction pressure reduced material porosity with major effects on large inter-aggregate pores. On the contrary, small intra-aggregate pores were not affected by the mechanical compaction. Mechanical tests were then performed to measure stiffness and strength of both unstabilised and stabilised samples. These tests demonstrated that hypercompaction can largely improve the mechanical response of the material over conventional manufacturing methods. Hypercompacted bricks showed a compressive strength comparable with that of traditional building materials, such as stabilised compressed earth and fired bricks. The hygroscopic behaviour of both unstabilised and stabilised samples was investigated. The capacity of the samples to absorb/release water vapour was assessed by measuring their moisture buffering value (MBV). Results showed that unstabilised earth has an excellent capacity to buffer ambient humidity. This capacity was significantly reduced by the different stabilisation techniques tested in the present work. Finally, the durability against water erosion of both unstabilised and stabilised bricks was assessed by performing different tests prescribed by the norm DIN 18945 (2013). Stabilised bricks exhibited a higher resistance against water erosion compared to unstabilised bricks. Still, these materials cannot be adopted for structural applications exposed to natural weathering as indicated by the norm DIN 18945 (2013). Therefore, further investigation is required to identify novel stabilisation methods that can balance the needs of sustainability, durability, moisture buffering and mechanical performance
Dousteyssier, Boris. "Construction d’un modèle morpho mécanique du genou pour la prédiction des conséquences d’une action thérapeutique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869689.
Full textKnee degradation and pain when developing osteoarthritis are strongly related not only to the pressure on the cartilage, but also to the knee stability and to the subsequent loadings on the ligaments. Here, we propose a mixed approach, both using medical imaging (MRI, EOS X-ray system) and force platform in conjunction with a finite element model.Two finite element model were created, focusing on the passive stability of the knee while modelling an experiment: the acquisition of the movement of climbing a step decomposed in 4 static EOS images. To do so, a geometric model of the subject’s knee have been fused on the bone physiological positions obtained by EOS imaging. The FEA was carried out according to the experimental boundary conditions so as to ensure the global knee mechanical equilibrium. This allow the model to be validated by comparing its numerical results with the EOS data. This model will reveal the roles of the ligaments during the knee flexion and give pressure maps on the cartilages.For low flexion angles, both models’ results concord well with the experimental data: the bones are in their physiological position once the mechanical equilibrium reached. For higher flexion angles the results are satisfying and promising, showing clear ways to improve the models
Giraud, Moreau Laurence. "Optimisation des systèmes mécaniques : couplage de méthodes déterministes et évolutionnaires par les problèmes en variables mixtes." Troyes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TROY0006.
Full textKetata, Mahmoud. "Construction d'un modèle élastique fragile anisotrope endommagé en traction-torsion." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1451_mketata.pdf.
Full textBoissonnade, Nicolas. "Mise au point d'un élément fini de type poutre à section variable et autres applications à la construction métallique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21394.
Full textZidane, Ibrahim. "Développement d'un banc d'essai de traction biaxale pour la caracterisation de la formabilité et du comportement élastoplastique de tôles métalliques." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0027.
Full textSheet metal forming processes (stamping, hydroforming, incremental forming,. . . ) are currently used in the industry. Improving the prediction of numerical simulation tools requires an accurate identification of behavior law and formability limits of the sheet material. These material properties must be identified under conditions close to those encountered in the considered forming processes. For this purpose, the biaxial tensile test in the plane of the sheet has been selected among other techniques of biaxial solicitation. In this study, a biaxial testing apparatus is developed with the aim of identifying, from one rheological test, the behavior law and the formability limits of the studied material under static or dynamic solicitations. The experimental device is a servo-hydraulic testing machine provided with four hydraulic actuators in a horizontal configuration. The capacity of each actuator is 50kN, the speed on each axis can reach 2m/s. Linear and nonlinear loading paths can be applied. The biaxial tests were performed on a flat specimen called « cruciform specimen ». The optimum geometry of this one is defined from a parametric study on different shapes of cruciform specimens used in previous works. The main difficulty to design an appropriate cruciform specimen shape is to ensure the onset of localized necking in the central zone of the specimen to control the strain path imposed by the displacement of the actuators. During testing, the central area of the specimen is filmed and an image correlation technique is used to obtain the deformation field in the specimen. Thereafter, the experimental procedure and the geometry of the specimen are validated by mean of experimental tests on an aluminum alloy AA2017. A specific procedure for detecting the onset of localized necking on the cruciform specimen is then proposed. An aluminum alloy AA5086 sheet is then studied from experimental investigations. The experimental forming limit curve (FLC) of this sheet is then established from the procedure defined above. The experimental curves force/displacement are used to identify a constitutive law by inverse method using a finite element model (EF) of the biaxial tensile test. The use of a local measure of the deformation in the identification process of the rheological law is then presented. The behavior law is identified and implemented in the FE model of the biaxial tensile test to determine the numerical FLC of the studied material. Finally, the experimental and numerical FLC are compared to the one obtained on the same material by a Marciniak testing device
Umiastowski, Stefan. "Étude du comportement de l'impact basse vitesse d'une tôle de construction navale." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS054.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the experimental and analytical analysis of the behaviour of average speed impacts encountered during crash or collisions. An impact device (100 J), equipped with a crossbow propulsion system, allows clamped shipbuilding construction steel plate tests, in order to study, among other things, the influence of boundary conditions during this kind of impact. Consequently, a measure sensitive to small variations of boundary conditions is expected. Thanks to a spectral analysis, the losses of contact observed during the impact are related to the flexural waves which propagate in the plate. At the same time, a current numerical simulation (Johnson & Cook law) is developed with the commercial software LS-DYNA. Concerning the correlation with experimental results, the simulation limits are detailed and their origins investigated, particularly the sliding of the sample between the jaws. A new measure is then necessary and obtained by the conception of a force captor instrumented with strain gauges. This captor, contrary to ordinary sensors, does not need any signal filtering and allows a long period of measurement. The force has been validated for the study of boundary conditions and is more sensitive than other measures to small variations of the impacted sample's clamping pressure. For this study, it has been necessary to develop new sample geometry aiming at perfect clamping conditions
Doan, Hung Viet. "Creusement des tunnels en terrain meuble : étude expérimentale sur modèle réduit de tunnelier à pression de terre en sol cohérent-frottant." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAL0117.
Full textEarth Pressure Balanced Shield method (EPBS) is one of the mechanical tunneling procedures adapted to tunneling in saturated soft grounds. In practice, the EPBS method remains relatively complex and different practical difficulties are revealed on the work site itself. This PhD work aims to analyze and understand the main physical mechanisms occurring during EPBS method tunneling through experimental and theoretical approaches. In particular, a specific reduced-scale physical model of the EPBS (1:10 approximately), especially built in laboratory, has been used. The ambition is to provide technical support and guidance to overcome the different difficulties encountered on work sites. In particular, this study should lead to the development of an appropriate numerical tool in pressurized tunneling method modeling. The first chapter presents a state of the art review on the different tunneling methods adapted to soft grounds. The second chapter reminds the principal similitude laws which control the transposition to the full-scale model and their applications and limitations in case of soil mechanic problems. Chapter 3 presents the original EPBS reduced scale model built and used at ENTPE. The experimental procedure used to define a well adapted frictional - cohesive soil model is presented in chapter 4. The choice of this new material (humid fine silica sand) has been led by considering the conditions of partial similitude. In particular, the mechanical characteristics of this model of soils have been identified from several series of axi - symmetric tri-axial tests carried out under low levels of lateral stress. Chapters 5 and 6 present and analyse the results of five tests carried out with the EPBS model. These results concern the identification of the different rates of excavation. In particular, for each tunneling rate, the stress-strain soil behavior is studied and the sensitivity of the main control parameters available on the command shield is debated
Georgin, Jean-François. "Contribution à la modélisation du béton sous sollicitation de dynamique rapide. : La prise en compte de l'effet de vitesse par la viscoplasticité." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0003.
Full textFerrari, Marc. "Optique active et grandes déformations élastiques : application à la réalisation d'un miroir à focale variable pour le Very Large Telescope Interferometer." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11017.
Full textBarth, Marc. "Contribution méthodologique à la réorganisation des ateliers de production mécanique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL123N.
Full textKahlat, Said. "Espace social du travail et industrialisation : le cas de la société algérienne de construction mécanique S.O.N.A.C.O.M.E." Aix-Marseille 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX2XXXX.
Full textPouteau, Bertrand. "Durabilité mécanique du collage blanc sur noir dans les chaussées." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2138.
Full textFor the last ten years, two new composite pavement structures (whitetopping –i. E. Thin concrete slabs over existing rutted asphalt pavement– and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement, CRCP, over asphalt sub-base) have raised a significant interest. Based on the association of a concrete layer bonded to an asphalt sub-base, they lead to a reduction of the layers thickness and cost. A long-lasting bond is essential. This work deals with the mechanical study of the bond fatigue lifespan. Firstly, the bibliographical analysis focuses on the way this bond is deteriorated in such structures submitted to traffic. Cracks induced by the restrained shrinkage of the concrete layer can initiate and propagate debonding. Secondly, a mechanical fatigue test simulates this way of deterioration in laboratory. Interface blasting leads to a more lasting bond. A mechanical analysis of the test is also proposed. Thirdly, a non destructive survey method of the bond quality, based on the use of mechanical wave propagation, is developed. Eventually, full scale experiments analysis provide two evolution of bond. The RN4 experiment aims to measure the growth of an initial fracture at the interface between the concrete layer and the asphalt sub-base under real traffic conditions. After 2 years of traffic, no propagation of the fracture is noticed. For the second full scale experiment, a pavement structure model, constituted of thin layers and wide opened cracks, the awaited way of deterioration (delamination initiated from the vertical crack) is observed after 1 million cycles applied by the accelerated pavement loading facility FABAC
Hadrzynski, Frederic. "Etude de la rhéologie d'un bitume modifié par des polymères et prévision du comportement mécanique des mélanges avec fines, sables et graviers." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132037.
Full textRakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
Full textBen, Salah Mohamed. "Capacité de maîtrise technologique dans le secteur mécanique en Tunisie : essai d'application de la notion de système scientifique et technologique." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10008.
Full textThe export's strategy needs the use of both quality and price, as the main indicators of technology skills. The analysing of the technological level in the mechanical sector, is rooted in the concept of the scientific and technologic system. The weak relationship between scientific infrastructure and the productive system, in one hand the lack of specific and technologic system. The weak relationship between scientific infrasctructure and the productive system, in ona hand the lack of specific investment incentives in the other hand, are the most important reasons of the under structures Tunisian scientific system. Given the low level of technical staffing and integration, the mechanical sector operates at the N2 level of the complexity technological scale. The study case developped, has shown that among a sample of 40 mechanical enterprises only six have developped engineering capacities. Therefore the mechanical sector overcomes hardly production issues, serious shortcomings characterized also reproduction process
Mengue, Emmanuel. "Évaluation du comportement mécanique d’un sol latéritique traité au ciment pour des applications routières." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10050/document.
Full textUntil recently, in many tropical and subtropical regions, lateritic gravels have been used in geotechnical highway, like for example in the road foundations. With the increase of needs, the recent consideration of environmental constraints and the unavailability of lateritic gravels with good mechanical properties, the promotion of materials whose use is not widespread for various technical or historical reasons is encouraged. In Sub-saharan Africa, the valorization of local natural marginal materials particularly the fine grained lateritic soils, in road construction purposes is strongly encouraged where a better utilization of resources might help insure sustainable development in a particular socio-economic context.This thesis presents a study of the mechanical behavior of a cement treated fine grained lateritic soil for a valorization in road construction. It constains five parts:The first part concerns a literature review of work on lateritic soils. It also presents the work completed on soils treated with cement.The second part is devoted to the description of the materials studied. After the presentation of physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations of these materials, we present the parameters of the study. At the end, mineralogical and microstructural characterization of cement treated lateritic at different dosages is presented.The third part presents the experimental results of a study of one-dimensional consolidation of lateritic soil before and after treatment with cement at different dosages. The verification of the processability of the soil, as well as the determination of intrinsic characteristics and compaction of the cement treated lateritic are also illustrated in this section.The fourth part shows the experimental results of the mechanical strength of the lateritic soil before and after treatment with cement. The discussion about bearing capacity, the compressive and tensile strength and the rupture and shear strengths constitutes the major concern of this part.Finally, the fifth part presents a numerical and economic analysis of the design of a road foundation of lateritic soil treated with cement at different dosages. The influence of soil treatment on the thickness of the road foundation is examined, as well as the economic cost of the road foundation
Bian, Hui. "Etude expérimentale de l'endommagement de BFUHP sous sollicitations physique, chimique et mécanique." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0008.
Full textThis thesis is based on the experimental study of the damage of the Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) under physic, chemic or mechanic solicitations. All our concrete specimens used in this thesis have the same cement matrix and they are reinforced with a 1% volume fraction of fiber, these concrete specimens are distinguished by the natures of their fiber used (steel, mineral or synthetic), by their dimensions (macro or micro) and by their mechanic properties, etc. The first part of this thesis is composed of 2 chapters. The chapter one presents the literature study of UHPFRC. The chapter two introduces our experimental techniques used in this thesis. The chapter three presents our experimental research on the UHPFRC at their initial state, in terms of their microstructures and their mechanic behaviors. The chapter four presents our research on the thermal damage of our UHPFRC specimens (150°C, 200°C, 300°C and 400°C). The chapter five presents our works on the physic damage of UHPFRC specimens by the freeze-thaw cycles. The chapter six presents our research on the chemic damage of UHPFRC by the aggression of ammonium nitrate solution. These researches are performed by both non-destructive testing (measurement of gas permeability, porosity, P-wave velocity and ultrasonic wave attenuation) and mechanic testing (uniaxial compression)
Racana, Nicolas. "Etude du comportement mécanique d'un massif en sol renforcé par géotextile cellulaire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21406.
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