Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction mixte'
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Bencheikh, Mohamed. "Connexion acier-béton : comportement au cisaillement et à l'arrachement des ancrages dans le béton à différentes températures de 20 à 550° C." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0055.
Full textCiutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
Full textThe work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Rabih, Mahmoud. "Comportement et modélisation de connecteurs de types cornière et goujon utilisés en construction mixte acier-béton." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL079N.
Full textBou, Said Elias Jullien Jean-François. "Contribution à la modélisation des effets différés du bois et du béton sous conditions climatiques variables application aux structures mixtes bois-béton /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003.
Find full textMaillet-Contoz, Laurent. "Construction d'un environnement d'aide à la conception incrémentale : application au prototypage d'architecture mixte matériel/logicel." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20171.
Full textBou, Said Elias. "Contribution à la modélisation des effets différés du bois et du béton sous conditions climatiques variables : application aux structures mixtes bois-béton." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0017/these.pdf.
Full textThe long term serviceability of timber and concrete structures subjected to moisture variations is influenced by many coupled hydromechanical phenomena. The underestimation of the induced time-dependent effects may cause large deflections, stress redistributions, cracks or even delayed failure. Improving structures durability goes through an accurate prediction of delayed strains. The objective of this work is to develop an efficient numerical tool able to describe shrinkage, creep and time dependent failure of wood, concrete and composite structures
Aoun, Hynda. "Etude de l'adhérence acier-béton par essais de flexion de poutres sous chargements monotones et cycliques alternés." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ARTO0004.
Full textNofal, Srour. "Conception parasismique ductile des structures en acier et mixtes acier-béton : prenant en compte l'influence de la variabilité des caractéristiques mécaniques des matériaux." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0039.
Full textIn high seismicity areas, moment resisting frames should be able to dissipate the earthquake input energy with high efficiency through inelastic deformations at the dissipative zones. In order to allow the formation of the greatest number of plastic hinges and to dissipate as much as possible seismic energy of a moment-resisting frame, these zones should be mainly located in plastic hinges in the beams or in the beam-column joints, but not in the columns except at the base of the frame. This dissipation is maximum if plastic hinges lie in beams rather than in beam-column joints, but this implies that the non-dissipative parts must have sufficient overstrength. It is clear that this design method strongly depends on actual mechanical properties of materials and that it should be ensured that issipative zones really form where they are intended to in the design, taking into account the statistical distribution of the mechanical properties in the structure. The possibility that the actual yield strength of steel is higher than the nominal yield strength in dissipative zones should be taken into account by a material overstrength factor for the design of non-dissipative zones. In spite of the fact that this point is essential in seismic design, the value to be given to this overstrength factor varies in the provisions of different standards. Moreover, these standards don’t provide adequate limitations on mechanical properties for steel products even if it should be directly related to the overstrength factor chosen. For these reasons, the European research project RFCS OPUS aimed to define suitable harmonised rules and recommendations for production standards and structural regulations for steel and steel-concrete composite structures located at earthquake-prone areas. The work presented in this thesis is related to the study of the effect of the material properties on the design of steel-concrete composite regular frames. Starting from collecting the mechanical properties of several different grades of steel profiles and reinforcing steel bars that are produced by several European steel plants, a statistical evaluation of their main parameters has been carried out. In addition, several steel and steel-concrete composite structures have been designed according to the Eurocode EN 1998 recommendations. Then, the analysis and the study of the effects of the statistical distribution of mechanical material properties on seismic design have been made. These analyses showed that the global behaviour of this kind of buildings wasn’t affected by the variation of the mechanical properties. Neither storey mechanism nor global instability was observed. Concerning local verifications, the study has been focused on two points that were considered as the most critical ones. First, the effect of the statistical distribution of the mechanical properties on the rotation capacity of beams has been investigated, as their ductility defines the collapse level. For this point, the material overstrength has been found to have a positive but very weak effect. Then, the study has been focused on the overstrength demands of the beam-column joints by computing the maximum moments appearing in plastic hinges. It has been shown that overstrength factors defined in the Eurocode EN 1998 were consistent for higher steel grades but not for the lower ones. This local study has based on a model coupling a multi-fiber approach to determine the ascending part of the moment rotation curves of composite beams in sagging and hogging zones, and Gioncu’s model that predicts the decreasing branch of the M- curves in hogging zones due to plastic buckling
Bouazaoui, Loubna. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et théorique de structures mixtes acier-béton assemblées par collage." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000220.pdf.
Full textThis study concerns the experimental and theoretical analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the steel-concrete composite beams assembled with an adhesive joint. First, we studied the effect of the main parameters such as the construction method of the concrete slab, the surface state of the substrates, the adhesive nature and the irregular thickness of the adhesive joint on mechanical performances of the glued composite beams of 3. 3 m of span. The use of strain gauges and inductive sensors enabled us to characterize the strains distribution in these beams and to measure the relative displacements between concrete slab and steel girder. In the second time, we carried out a bending experimental test on a full-scale of glued composite beam, (8. 5 m of span) in order to analyze the mechanical behaviour of the full-scale glued structure. Using an epoxy adhesive with the rigid behaviour to bond concrete slab to steel girder and sanding the surfaces of the two substrates steel and concrete, we showed that the connection by bonding with adhesive can ensure a perfect connexion between steel and concrete. We also showed that the concrete slab can be carried out by several precasted concrete elements glued together. Finally, the comparison beteween the mechanical behavior of the composite beams glued with an irregular thickness of the adhesive joint, in the transverse and longitudinal direction, and that of a composite beam glued with a regular thickness of adhesive joint, allowed us to tolerate a variation in the thickness of the adhesive joint of 2 mm in the transverse direction of the beam and of 4 mm in the longitudinal one. In conclusion, bonding can replace the metal connectors and allows to concrete slab and steel girder to act as unit alone
Bouazaoui, Loubna Delmas Yves. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et théorique de structures mixtes acier-béton assemblées par collage." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000220.pdf.
Full textLoulou, Louisa. "Durabilité d’un assemblage mixte bois-béton collé sous chargement hydrique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1123/document.
Full textThe wood-concrete composite is an interesting solution in the field of Civil Engineering to create high performance bending elements for bridge, as well as in the building construction for the design of wood-concrete floor systems. The Navier laboratory has been working for many years on the development of the bonding process as applied to wood-concrete composite structures. Contrary to conventional joining connectors (metal connectors), this assembling technique does ensure an almost perfect connection between wood and concrete. Previous work has already shown good performances of glued wood-concrete composite structures in terms of mechanical fatigue. However, the bonding connection requires additional research on the long-term behaviour of glued wood-concrete composites, especially when this structure is subjected to variable hygrometric conditions. The work undertaken during this thesis aims at determining the factors which induce damages on these glued wood-concrete assemblies under hygrometric loading; the research is divided into 3 parts:-Two experimental parts:(1)"Push-Out" shear tests conducted in collaboration with the Departmental Laboratory of Autun, were used to assess the effect of the elastic properties of the resin on the shear strength of the assembly. This experimental study aims at validating the adhesive of choice for this kind of connection, taking into account ageing under variable hygrometric conditions. Analysis is based on maximum shear capacity and on the failure mode of the assembly. (2)In addition to shear tests, the effect of hygrometric loading on the durability of glued wood concrete assemblies was examined. The analysis of the hydric behaviour of the structure was carried out by the digital image correlation (DIC) technique on small-sized glued wood-concrete assemblies. The measurements of the local deformations allowed us to locate areas of damage, particularly due to the hydric deformations of the wood prevented by the glued connection The effects of the elastic properties of the resin, the microstructure of the wood (including its structure and the direction of the annual rings) as well as the mechanical behaviour of the concrete material were examined.- A numerical part:(3) A numerical finite element model was validated by comparing the numerical results to the deformation maps experimentally obtained. Numerical analysis was used to quantify the stresses induced to the structure, in relation to hydric deformations prevented by glued connection. Moreover investigations at the full scale were conducted to evaluate the long-term behaviour under variable hygrometric conditions. These investigations were conducted in order to offer solutions aiming at optimizing this type of connection, and to define conditions for use of these glued assemblies
Doulcier, Laurent Jean. "Elaboration de classes qualitatives pour l'aide à la décision en conception architecturale de l'éclairage mixte d'un local." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9808.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the way of integrating some technical sight into architecture. The practical experience is taken into account. This concerns the steps where precision is not a big issue. It joins by the side of technical items, regard-value items and economical criterion. This work takes place in the continuity of new outlooks opened by the very new theorical studies of the Architecturology « school ». It is based on rank idea in some typical architecturology scales. This rank idea paradox in the design process continuum, leads to understand it better, by the mean of links between it and qualitatives and numeric tools which operates as a measuring tools. Some simple operations upon ranks allows afterwards to qualify situations where several criterions take place simultaneously without requiring a sophisticated mathematic. The sub-problem of the lighting was hold to be studied thoroughly. It reduces this field to the slightly studied area of the lighting of small trading shops. A semi quantitative and qualitative analysis of a standard shop brightness in natural and electric compound lighting is led from the conventional technical tools. We analyse systematically the sensitiveness to all its different parameters. We use a rule of brightness levels on the key planes and on the minimal annual energy consummation of electric lighting, with all due respect to the normalised lighting during the business hours. The following sensitiveness parameters set is systematically analised : shop area, shop shape, openings surface and location, transparency quality of the glasses, orientation according to cardinal points, hight and brightness of facing buildings, brightness of interior materials, investments and using costs. These parameters lead to define the first tehnical items of natural and electric compound lighting for an outline of the project, which tipicaly validate a new oprational concept : the Uniform Reflection Factor Equivalent to the Trio ceiling-wall-floor (URFET, FRUET in french language). This factor reduces the combination set of three continuous parameters, the factors of diffuse reflection of the faces, to a single one which can be easily computed because the definition of the ranks of interior brightness is relevant. The ranks and qualitative and semi numeric iems handled by our approach, can be used by a designer who is non expert in lighting field, and is understandable by a governor-customer. Syntetic graphics allow to quickly qualify variants of design of a concrete case, and to lead the choices in simple dialogue between the designer and his customer
Coureau, Jean-Luc. "Renforcement local d'éléments de structures bois par des matériaux composites." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12508.
Full textBuzon, Stéphanie Lydie Emma. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des poutres mixtes sous charges modérées : réponse élastique et comportement au cours du temps." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30020.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the composite beams composed of a girder (steel, wood,. . . ) linked to a concrete slab by any connection system. The elastic analysis accounts for the slip at the slab-girder interface and for the slab reinforcement. The time-dependent behaviour accounts for the slip at the interface. For the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete and those of the girder (if it is composed op a viscoelastic material) according the incremental formulation of the linear viscoelasticity. The proposed approach has to main advantage to express the mechanical variables at a step-time only in function of these of the previous step-time. The computation of this model is checked by means of a numerical comparison with the general integral formulation computed by other authors. The simulations of the elastic behaviour and the time-dependent one are compared to test data. The engineering mechanical variables (stresses, strains, deflections) are accurately evaluated but the slip is always overestimated
Thiann-Bo, Morel Marie. "Le couple créole/métro à La Réunion. Approche compréhensive de la construction de soi dans le couple mixte." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669783.
Full textTabet-Derraz, Moulay Idriss. "Comportement et modélisation des connecteurs dans une structure mixte (acier-béton)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0092.
Full textThe principle of steel-concrete composite beams is to combine a concrete slab and a steel beam for joint work. Shear connectors are mechanical tools that have the role of ensuring the connection between the two materials at the interface of the composite beams. A variety of shear connectors have been proposed in the literature to provide suitable behavior at the steel-concrete interface. Headed stud connectors are most widely used in composite construction due to building code recommendations. However, the latter have significant drawbacks in terms of structural performance and practicability on construction sites. In this present thesis, an innovative new type of OMEGA-shaped connector has been proposed in two geometric designs (primary shape and improved shape) to be an alternative to conventional connectors. In addition to having a simple fabrication process and convenient installation at the composite beam interface, the shape of this connector allows for a large confined concrete zone, making it more resistant to shear and slab uplift. In this research, experimental push-out tests were performed on OMEGA connector with different configurations to study their strength, ductility and failure mode in the steel-concrete connection. Additional push-out specimens with conventional headed stud type connectors were also tested in order to compare the performance of OMEGA connectors with that of standard headed studs. The results demonstrated that the proposed OMEGA-shaped connector exhibited interesting behavior in steel-concrete connection and which can be used as an alternative shear connector for composite beams. In addition, an FE numerical model of the push-out test on OMEGA connectors was developed in this thesis using Abaqus software. The goal is to deepen the investigations on this proposed connector, by conducting a parametric study that aims to evaluate the influences of connector dimensions and concrete slab strength on the internal behavior of the steel-concrete connection. Moreover, by exploiting the parametric study results, an equation for predicting the OMEGA connectors shear strength was also developed. Furthermore, composite beam tests with OMEGA connectors arranged at the interface were also carried out as part of this thesis, by producing a composite beam specimen with a complete connection and another with a partial connection. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of OMEGA connectors mechanism in the connection on the overall behavior of the composite beam. The results affirmed that the use of OMEGA connectors ensure adequate behavior to composite beams, even with a reduced degree of connection
Clerc, Christian. "Modélisation de poutres composites. Application aux skis." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0006.
Full textChaiyaporn, Somsak. "Identification des modules équivalents d'une poutre composite à partir d'essais vibratoires non-modaux." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECDL0001.
Full textLuo, Yangjun Li Alex Kang Zhan. "Etude numérique et optimisation de conception des poutres mixtes acier-béton assemblées par collage." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2009. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001013.pdf.
Full textThèse rédigée en anglais - Résumé en français et en anglais. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 121-132.
Brun, Solène. "Trouble dans la race : construction et négociations des frontières raciales dans deux types de familles mixtes en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0025.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on racial boundaries and their dynamics in France, combining the study of two family settings in which racial mixedness is particularly salient: international adoptive families and mixed-race families. Locating the analytical approach at the crossroad of family, socialization, and racial relations scholarships, the study of those two types of families, which may be considered as transgressive of the dominant norm of racial homogeneity within the family, is an opportunity to investigate the intimate sites of racial identity formation. Indeed, this combined analysis builds on the classical perspectives on racial formation identity which distinguish between self-identification and assignation by others, bringing the role of transmission and of family socialization into the picture. If family is generally recognized as the main site of primary socialization, race remains under-explored in socialization studies in France. This dissertation aims at bridging this gap. This research is based on a multimethod design: semi-structured interviews with adoptive parents, adoptees, mixed couples and first-generation mixed-race individuals (n = 91), field observations and quantitative data from two surveys (survey on adoption in France (Ined, 2001-2002) and “Trajectories and origins” survey (Ined, Insee, 2008-2009)). The research design is thus plural, both in the articulation of fieldworks and in the methods that are used. This allows the dissertation to be based on rich data which usefully feeds the comparative and analytical perspectives
Brulé, Emeline. "Comprendre les expériences scolaires des enfants déficients visuels en France : Approche mixte par l'éthnographie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0048.
Full textSince 2005, France recognizes the right of children with disabilities to attend their neighborhood mainstram school schools. This research, conducted from 2014 to 2017, focuses on the school experiences of visually impaired and blind children in France, in order to understand the impacts of this legal evolution. More specifically, it seeks to understand how student well-being is defined in this context, both by students and by health, care, social and educational workers; the resources negotiated and mobilized by students to improve their schooling conditions; and to propose ways in which assistive educational technologies can be designed and used in inclusive schooling. To achieve this, it explores how the sensory turn can help to design inclusive technical and didactic devices
Menassel, Meï. "Services numériques interactifs "créatifs" et expérience urbaine : construction d'une méthode mixte ad hoc pour comprendre et évaluer les services créatifs de la ville." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0031.
Full textThe new information and communication technologies are sourcing multiple spatial transformations and societal mutations (Bouquillon, 2010). More and more rooted in our nowadays of life, they turn out to be actually an embedded functioning component of the urban infrastructure. These digital “strata” become an additional support that expands people fields of interaction and exchange in the city (Serge Proulx, 2002). Marginally, these multiples changes start to pervade services, offered by digital applications, allowing to create a new urban experiences. Thus, this thesis work proposes to understand and assess these new ways of exploring and living in the city with the support of these creative and innovative digital services. We have decided to focus on a particular category of services so-called interactive digital creative services (SNIC), defined like the mediation tools produced by NTIC, integrating the digital playful, cultural or/ and artistic content. The objectives of the research are double: (i) the first one is theoretical and based on the definition and the understanding of the experience-user forms in the city; (ii) the second is operational and based on the development of a supportive decision-making tool to evaluate new creative services dedicated to the city. This tool is for the designers/decision makers. To achieve the objectives of our thesis and due to the complexity of our research domain, we have elaborated a specific mixed method (Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004) : Ad hoc Mixed Method (AhMM). Indeed, this approach will allow us to better evaluate and assess the specificity of the urban space user experience, in order to decode it and make it more exploitable. The formalisation of the emerged elements from the MMah method will then participate to the future design of new creative services that will be more adapted and appropriate to the contemporary urban space user needs
Oumaziz, Paul. "Une méthode de décomposition de domaine mixte non-intrusive pour le calcul parallèle d’assemblages." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN030/document.
Full textAbstract : Assemblies are critical elements for industrial structures. Strong non-linearities such as frictional contact, as well as poorly controlled preloads make complex all accurate sizing. Present in large numbers on industrial structures (a few million for an A380), this involves managing numerical problems of very large size. The numerous interfaces of frictional contact are sources of difficulties of convergence for the numerical simulations. It is therefore necessary to use robust but also reliable methods. The use of iterative methods based on domain decomposition allows to manage extremely large numerical models. This needs to be coupled with adaptedtechniques in order to take into account the nonlinearities of contact at the interfaces between subdomains. These methods of domain decomposition are still scarcely used in industries. Internal developments in finite element codes are often necessary, and thus restrain this transfer from the academic world to the industrial world.In this thesis, we propose a non-intrusive implementation of these methods of domain decomposition : that is, without development within the source code. In particular, we are interested in the Latin method whose philosophy is particularly adapted to nonlinear problems. It consists in decomposing the structure into sub-domains that are connected through interfaces. With the Latin method the non-linearities are solved separately from the linear differential aspects. Then the resolution is based on an iterative scheme with two search directions that make the global linear problems and the nonlinear local problems dialogue.During this thesis, a totally non-intrusive tool was developed in Code_Aster to solve assembly problems by a mixed domain decomposition technique. The difficulties posed by the mixed aspect of the Latin method are solved by the introduction of a non-local search direction. Robin conditions on the subdomain interfaces are taken into account simply without modifying the sources of Code_Aster. We proposed an algebraic rewriting of the multi-scale approach ensuring the extensibility of the method. We were also interested in coupling the Latin method in domain decomposition to a Krylov algorithm. Applied only to a substructured problem with perfect interfaces, this coupling accelerates the convergence. Preloaded structures with numerous contact interfaces have been processed. Simulations that could not be carried out by a direct computationwith Code_Aster were performed via this non-intrusive domain decomposition strategy
Kim, Kyung-mi. "La construction de la catégorie identitaire “femme mariée à un étranger” dans la société sud-coréenne : de son émergence à la naissance de la Fédération World-KIMWA (1945-2006)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0545.
Full textLong marginalized in South Korean society under the label "prostitutes to western men" (yang kogju), Korean women married to foreigners and having relocated to their husband's country created in 2006 the World Federation of Korean Inter-Married Women's Association (World Federation-KIMWA), following their annual meeting, the International Congress of Korean Inter-Married women. This congress, which is part of a programme of action of the Overseas Korean Foundation (OKF), a government agency in charge of policies dealing with overseas Korean nationals, appears to be a place where the category "woman married to a foreigner" (kukche kyŏrhon yŏsŏng) uis institutionaled and where the stereotypes attached to this category are reconstructed; its aims is to fight discriminations suffered by these women and, subsequently, to promote a new designation, "woman of multicultural family" (tamunhwa kajok yŏsŏng). This thesis explores the social and political logics of this reframing of social representations of Korean women married to foreigners, from its emergence to the creation of the World Federation-KIMWA (1945-2006), focussing on the following questions: how was substituted, during the 2000s, the derogatory designation of these women as "prostitutes to western men" by the more neutral term "woman of multicultural family" in Korean soiety?; how did a social group, with no political existence before 2005, become the subject of a categorization in the South Korean government policy?
Alhasawi, Anas. "Computational tools for nonlinear analysis of steel and composite steelconcrete structures considering connection bahaviour : Application to buildings and bridges." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0006/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to develop computational tools for the nonlinear analysis of steel and composite steel-concrete structures under cyclic loading taking into account the actual behaviour of joint, material and geometry non-linearities and contact conditions at the steel-to-concrete interface. In particular, our efforts focuses on typical bolted end-plate connection between steel or composite beam and steel column. The objective is to develop a new «joint finite element" able to reproduce accurately the cyclic behavior of the beam-to-column connection. Next this model is combined with a non-linear steel/composite beam element considering slip and possible uplift at the interface. The thesis consists of three major parts. The first part deals with the behavior of a steel beam-to-column bolted end-plate connection under arbitrarily cyclic loading. The proposed model is based on an improved component method that closely follows the deformation of each component taking into account non-linearities induced by possible gap between the column flange and the end-plate. This model has been developed for a single row connection. In the case of multiple row bolted connection group effects may develop. Possible group effect between two bolt-rows has been implemented considering the model proposed by Cerfontaine based on the definition of the multi-surface yield criterion and the associated flow rule that govern deformation of equivalent springs. Only the case of perfect plasticity is considered. It is shown that the influence of the group effect is not negligible on the nonlinear response of the joint. In the second part, we have developed a flexible co-rotational two-noded beam with generalized elasto-plastic hinges at the beam ends. It is assumed that plastic deformations concentrate at these hinges. These hinges have the ability to elongate/shorten along the beam axis and to rotate. A family of asymmetric and convex yield surfaces of super-elliptic shape is considered for the plastic behavior of the hinges. By varying the roundness factor, an infinite nun1ber of yield surface are obtained. It is shown that the nonlinear response of bolted connections subjected to both bending and tension are conveniently modeled with such a yield surface. It was observed that cyclic loading produces pinching effect, cyclic softening and ductile behavior. Advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed. Finally, the third part is dedicated to the problem of contact at the interface of steel-concrete composite beams. A "new" finite element for composite steelconcrete beam is proposed. The beam element has 6 degrees of freedom per node. The concrete beam is allowed to separate from the steel beam. An efficient contact algorithm is proposed. The Flying node concept is introduced and used to determine the extent of the contact area within a single element and modify the mesh of the beam structure. The contact problem is solve using the Augmented Lagrangian Method. The influence of contact on the loading capacity of the beam and its influence on some design variables are highlighted
Luo, Yangjun. "Etude numérique et optimisation de conception des poutres mixtes acier-béton assemblées par collage." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001013.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, numerical study and design optimization problems for the bonded steel-concrete beam are addressed. The steel-concrete composite beam bonded by adhesive has its particular advantages over the traditional composite beam and is attracting increasing attentions. The aim of the present study is to provide a fundamental understanding as well as the computational framework of numerical simulation and design optimization of bonded composite beams…
Bujnak, Jan. "Analyse globale de poutres mixtes acier béton : approche analytique et modélisation non-linéaire." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21762.
Full textKhalfaoui, Mohamed. "Approche énergétique et analytique de quelques aspects du problème de Saint-Venant : cas de poutres composites." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20104.
Full textBujnak, Jan. "Analyse globale de poutres mixtes acier béton : approche analytique et modélisation non-linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718174.
Full textVassart, Olivier. "Analytical model for cellular beams made of hot rolled sections in case of fire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860914.
Full textLeclerc, Julien. "Utilisation innovatrice de l'aluminium dans les ponts : effets de la variation de la température sur le comportement structural d'un tablier à platelage d'aluminium sur poutres d'acier, à action composite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30272.
Full textThis project concerns the use of a new aluminium bridge deck that is being developed at Université Laval. It is a 200 mm deep aluminium bridge deck, which represents an alternative to the reinforced concrete slabs in bridges. This project proposes to connect the aluminium bridge deck to steel girders using galvanized ASTM F3125/F3125M-15a grade A325 bolts of diameter M20 in a slip-critical connection. Full composite action between the deck and the girders is expected in order to develop the full capacity of the composite section. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium, being twice that of steel, differential movements may occur during temperature changes. To understand the behavior of the bolted connection under such thermal loadings, this project uses finite element model with the Abaqus software. The combinations of dead, live and thermal loads at the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) are studied. The loads are calculated according to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA S6-14). Results confirm that full composite action between the aluminium deck and the steel girders can be achieved. Moreover, by following the recommendations of this study, it is possible to eliminate the sliding that may occur during the thermal loading of the beam at the serviceability limit state (SLS). This study also offers a solution to prevent the failure of the bolted connections following the combination of thermal and mechanical loads.
Lepourry, Clémence. "Mise au point et caractérisation d’un système innovant de poutre hybride béton-acier : étude des comportements locaux et globaux." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAR0016.
Full textThe main goal of this Ph.D thesis is the development and the characterization of a solution for long-span beams in concrete buildings. Pre-stressed or composite beams are the possible technologies for beams up to twenty metres, but they are not adapted for concrete constructors. The main objective of Ingenova, the research and development affiliate of Legendre is to find a solution, which can be set up easily by concrete workers with good structural performance. The proposed solution is the concrete-steel hybrid beam, made of U-shape steel profile used as permanent formwork to encase a concrete beam. The association of the two beams also gives a convenient solution adapted to concrete builders. In this thesis, a series of experimental and numerical tests have been performed in order to assess the global and the local behaviour of the beam and its connections.Firstly, the connexion between concrete and steel is achieved by L-shaped angles welded on the upper flanges of the steel beam. Their behaviour has been studied by performing asymmetric push-out tests, which were used to validate a detailed finite element model. Based on the results obtained from a numerical parametric study of the validated a finite element model, an analytical expression of the shear resistance was then proposed.The global behaviour in sagging of the concrete-steel hybrid beam was also investigated by experimental and numerical tests. The impact of the partial interaction under deflection and bending moment resistance have been studied. The results show a ductile behaviour of the concrete-steel hybrid beam both in partial and in full interaction. Finally, an analytical method has been adapted to determine the ultimate flexural capacity of this innovative beam considering the degree of connection. The last part of this work concerns the joint between the concrete-steel hybrid beam and a concrete-filled steel tubular column. The behaviour of this hybrid joint was verified by full-scale experimental tests. A finite element model has also been developed in order to investigate more deeply into the load transferring mechanism within the joint. This FE model is validated by comparing its results against experimental data. An analytical model for the design of the joint is then proposed.This new technology has already been used in actual projects during the thesis. The design procedure of the members and of the joints has been approved by the CSTB, the French certification organism of construction. First feedback for the on-site erection were good, and workers enjoyed the quick assembly and the increase of security on site
Manthey, Manuel. "Comportement des poutres mixtes bois-béton sous sollicitations accidentelles." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0034.
Full textTimber - concrete composite structures are competitive technical solutions for new building construction as well as in refurbishment. This work aims at promoting timber - concrete construction in France thanks to a better knowledge of mechanical and thermo-mechanical behavior of the fasteners. Regarding more traditional buildings systems, few researches were lead about seismic and fire design of timber concrete structures. Particular emphasis is put on those two points in this study through experimental, analytical and numerical approaches. As a matter of fact, several experimental campaigns were lead. 24 Push Out tests have been carried out at ambient temperature on the SBB timber-concrete composite system. The test program involved 12 Push Out tests under cyclic loading and 12 Push Out tests under monotonic loading. Experimental results brought to light the good mechanical performances as well as the large ductility reserve of SBB timber-concrete connection system. The cyclic tests have revealed the system ability to dissipate energy and allowed quantifying the loss of rigidity and resistance of the system. Descriptive models (Foschi, Dolan, Richard) have been adapted to reproduce to the experimental load-slip curves.In order to get further insight into the local phenomenon taking place between timber and the SBB connector, a second test program was devised. The tests involved 16 Pull Out tests (connector from timber) and 3 series of 16 embedment tests og various parts of the connector in glue laminated timber. Thanks to these experimental results, a better understanding of the SBB behavior has been reached. Predictive models are provided for numerical and analytical modeling of timber - concrete fasteners. Those models show good agreement with the Push Out tests introduced in previous part.In order to assess the fire behavior of timber - concrete composite floor system with the SBB connection system, fire tests were conducted according to ISO 834 standard. Fire results database with SBB timber - concrete connection includes a full-scale fire floor test (floor dimensions are 5.35m x 3.5m) and several fire Push Out tests based on three different timber - concrete composite beam sections. Fire Push Out tests were heavily instrumented with thermocouples in order to allow the validation of thermal models developed in this thesis.Thermal and thermomechanical coupled simulations were conducted with finite element software Abaqus©. These models demonstrate the good performances of timber-concrete composite structures subjected to fire. Heating of the elements and loss in shear resistance and stiffness of the connection system were quantified. Furthermore fire design rules are proposed for timber - concrete structures. Fire behavior analysis pointed out that thermal dilatation of concrete must be considered in fire design of timber-concrete composite structures
Taufik, Atik. "Contribution au développement d'un outil de conception des poutres composites : application aux pales d'hélicoptères." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0017.
Full textHinojosa, Rehbein Jorge Andrés. "Sur la robustesse d'une méthode de décomposition de domaine mixte avec relocalisation non linéaire pour le traitement des instabilités géométriques dans les grandes structures raidies." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0010/document.
Full textThe thesis work focus on the evaluation and the robustness of adapted strategies for the simulation of large structures with not equitably distributed nonlinearities, like local buckling, and global nonlinearities on aeronautical structures. The nonlinear relocalization strategy allows the introduction of nonlinear solving schemes in the sub-structures of the classical domain decomposition methods.At a first step, the performances and the robustness of the method are analysed on academic examples. Then, the strategy is parallelized and studies of speed-up and extensibility are carried out. Finally, the method is tested on larger and more realistic structures
Centeno, Lara Roberto de la Cruz. "Contribution a l'evaluation des contraintes internes dans les plaques composites générées par le thermodurcissement des matrices." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0023.
Full textThe aim of this study is a contribution tc estimate the curing: stresses of thermoset composite plates. The bibliographical :study of processing technology of thermoseting composite materials shows : the temperature, the viscosity and the degree of cure change the thermo-mechanical properties of the composite plate during the cure cycle. The general approach to the treatment of:thermal field, the viscosity and the degree of cure is through three differential equations : the unidirectional heat transfer equation, the chemo rheological equation and the rate of degree of cure equation. Solution to the thermo-chemical model is obtained by numerical: methods. By using a residual weighted technique and discrete' values at nodals points, we can obtain a implicit method of solution. The system equation is cure and the viscosity are calculated every step, furthermore, if the elation is attained, an increment t of thermal stress is carried. Finally a validation ' of our model is accomplished. This an epoxy matrix and a classical cure cycle. We analyse, principally, the influence of the amount of heat released and the gel time effect
Hameed, Rashid. "Apport d'un renfort de fibres sur les performances des structures en béton armé pour les applications parasismiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/944/.
Full textIn October 2005, an earthquake 7. 4 on Richter scale hit the northern area of Pakistan and caused 80 thousand deaths and severe damage to structures. Poor construction material and lack of seismic design considerations were the two major reasons of this severe damage. For structures, surviving a seismic event depends mainly on their capacity for energy dissipation. The greater the energy dissipated, the better the structure performance. In Pakistan, usual practice is to use normal strength reinforced concrete as a construction material. One of the main objectives of this study is to respond to an important question: is it possible to improve the properties of normal strength reinforced concrete for the seismic application? Fiber reinforcement is commonly used to provide toughness and ductility to brittle cementitious matrices. The present study aims to evaluate the contribution of two different types of metallic fibers in hybrid form to improve the mechanical properties, energy dissipation in particular, of normal strength reinforced concrete. A special kind of fiber (FibraFlex) capable of restraining micro-cracking effectively and commonly used carbon steel hooked-ends fibers (Dramix) capable of restraining macro-cracking have been investigated in mono and hybrid forms. The first is qualified as non-sliding fiber while the second is considered as sliding fiber. The maximum content of fiber in mono and hybrid form investigated in this research study was 40 kg/m3 and 80 kg/m3 respectively. The results of reverse cyclic flexural loading tests performed on reinforced fibrous concrete beams having conventional steel ratio (1) equal to 0. 19%, showed that the FibraFlex fibers provide an important gain in energy dissipation at low levels of displacement amplitude. At large displacement amplitude, role of Dramix fibers is more significant to improve energy dissipation. As a result of different action of each fiber at different displacement amplitude levels, a significant increase in energy dissipation capacity of RC beam was registered when both fibers were used in hybrid form at content of 80 kg/m3 (40 kg/m3 of each type of fiber). A 3D numerical model to predict the behaviour of concrete matrix reinforced with sliding and non-sliding fibers both in mono and hybrid forms is proposed. Considering fiber reinforced concrete as two phases composite, constitutive behaviour laws of plain concrete and sliding fibers were described and then they were combined according to anisotropic damage theory to predict the mechanical behaviour of FRC. The behaviour law used for the plain concrete is based on damage and plasticity theories. The behaviour law of the action of sliding fibers (Dramix) in the matrix is based on the effective stress carried by the fibers while bridging the crack which depends on a damage parameter related to on one hand on the content and the mechanical properties of the fiber and on the other hand, on the fiber-matrix bond. To treat non-sliding fiber, a simplified approach is proposed in which constitutive law of plain concrete is used with increased value of fracture energy obtained from the direct tensile test on concrete reinforced with non-sliding fibers. Finally, to simulate the behaviour of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, approaches to model sliding and non-sliding fibers are combined without any additive equation. A simplified approach to model the steel-concrete interface in case of reinforced concrete elements has been also proposed. This approach considers the steel-concrete interface as bond element with isotropic elasto-plastic properties. Infect, the bond element replace the steel bar area and steel bar is modelled as uniaxial bar element with elastic-plastic perfect behaviour law. Fitting of this approach was done by simulating pull-out and uniaxial tensile loading tests on RC specimens. 3D model for FRC composites and simplified approach for steel-concrete interface with fitted parameters were then used to simulate the flexural behaviour of reinforced fibrous concrete beam. Modelling results showed good agreement with experimental results
Staquet, Stéphanie. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement différé du béton: application aux poutres mixtes, préréfléchies et précontraintes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211146.
Full textIt is now considered to apply this construction method for the building of continuous bridges (with larger spans) by connecting simply supported decks on their supports. It is known that this kind of construction will induce an additional and strong time-dependent redistribution of internal forces within the structure. It was felt that an in-depth understanding of the influence of the concrete time-dependent effects in this kind of composite structures is needed before proceeding with the design of statically indeterminate bridges. Two cross-section analysis programs applying the principle of superposition were developed: the first used the age adjusted effective modulus method and the second the step-by-step method. However, it is known that the delayed behavior of concrete does not fully comply with the principle of superposition. It appears that after a period of compression creep, creep recovery is significantly less than predicted by the superposition principle. In the construction phases of this bridge deck, the concrete fibers belonging to the bottom side of prestressed beams undergo a stress/strain history of significant unloading when the permanent loads are applied step-by-step. Moreover, these methods assume that the relative humidity remains constant. Finally, a lot of bridge decks are heated in order to transfer the prestressing as soon as possible. To evaluate more finely the time-dependent effects of concrete in such composite (and rather complex) structures with variable loading history, several steps have been carried out:
-Analysis of the influence of the heat treatment applied in the workshop and the level of applied stress on the creep and the shrinkage of the concrete.
-Analysis of the recovery phenomenon of the concrete resulting in the selection of the two-function method with the recovery function proposed by Yue and Taerwe.
-Development of a cross-section analysis program applying the two-function method to take into account more finely the recovery phenomenon, what resulted in a optimization of the phases of construction of the bridge decks by decreasing the minimum age of concrete before prestressing from 40 hours to 20 hours.
-Development of a structural analysis program with beam finite elements and applying the two-function method,what has resulted in an optimization of the phases of construction of continuous bridges composed by the junction of two bridge decks.
-Proposition of a modelling based on the understanding of the physico-chemical phenomenona which are at the origin of the delayed effects and coupled to a local analysis of the evolution of the degree of hydration and the internal relative humidity in order to take into account the changes of the boundaries conditions in terms of heat and moisture exchanges occurring along the construction history of the bridge decks in the evaluation of their long-term behavior. For each component of the delayed strains (the thermal strain, the autogenous shrinkage, the desiccation shrinkage, the desiccation creep, the basic creep), a modelling has been proposed.
-Development of a cross-section analysis program based on the numerically stable algorithm with increasing time steps for integral-type aging creep proposed by Bažant and including the different components of the delayed effects according to the proposed modelling.
The results seem to be very promising since it was possible to reproduce in a more realistic way the evolutions of the measured strains of the composite railway bridge deck instrumented in June 2000 and situated near Brussels South Station.
L’objectif de cette thèse est de prédire le comportement à long terme de structure mixte type pont-bac composée de poutres préfléchies, précontraintes et construites par phases. A l’heure actuelle, ils sont dimensionnés à l’état limite de service par une méthode traditionnelle pseudo-élastique avec un coefficient d’équivalence acier-béton variable. Il est envisagé d’étendre ce type de construction à la réalisation de viaducs hyperstatiques permettant de franchir de plus grandes portées en établissant une continuité entre deux travées au droit de leur support commun. Il est connu que ce type de construction induit une importante redistribution des efforts internes dans la structure. Il est donc indispensable d’évaluer très finement l’influence des effets différés du béton sur ce type de construction. Deux programmes généraux d’analyse de section basés sur la méthode du module effectif ajusté et la méthode pas-à-pas ont tout d’abord été développés. Ces méthodes appliquent le principe de superposition. Des limitations propres à ces méthodes ont été relevées pour des historiques où le béton subit plusieurs déchargements significatifs par rapport à son état de contrainte initial juste après le transfert de la précontrainte. Ces méthodes ont aussi l’inconvénient de supposer une humidité relative constante. Enfin,pour pouvoir être mis en précontrainte le plus tôt possible, les ponts-bacs sont chauffés. Les caractéristiques de retrait et de fluage s’écartent de celles déterminées en laboratoire sur des éprouvettes conservées à 20°C. Pour lever les limitations des méthodes classiques et évaluer plus finement l’état de contrainte et de déformation à long terme dans ce type de structure, plusieurs étapes ont été effectuées :
-Analyse de l’influence d’un traitement thermique appliqué dans les mêmes conditions que celles effectuées chez le préfabricant ainsi que du niveau de contrainte appliqué sur les déformations différées du béton.
-Analyse de l’influence de l’application de déchargements à des âges divers sur les éprouvettes de béton permettant de mettre en évidence le fait que la méthode dite aux deux fonctions avec la fonction de recouvrance proposée par Yue et Taerwe reproduit la plupart des résultats expérimentaux de manière très satisfaisante.
-Développement d’un programme d’analyse en section suivant la méthode pas-à-pas étendu à la méthode aux deux fonctions afin de mieux tenir compte de la recouvrance, ce qui a permis d’optimiser les phases de préfabrication des ponts-bacs en changeant l’instant de mise en précontrainte. Les simulations ont montré que si le béton du pont-bac est chauffé, la mise en précontrainte peut s’effectuer à 20 heures d’âge du béton.
-Développement d’un programme d’analyse de structure au moyen d’éléments finis de type poutre et dont l’algorithme de résolution applique la méthode aux deux fonctions, ce qui a permis d’optimiser les phases de construction de viaducs hyperstatiques constitués par la jonction de deux ponts-bacs.
-Proposition d’une modélisation fondée sur la compréhension des phénomènes physico-chimiques à l’origine des effets différés et couplée à une étude locale de l’évolution du degré d’hydratation et de la teneur en eau permettant de tenir compte des changements de conditions aux limites en terme d’échange de chaleur et d’humidité qui ont lieu au cours de l’histoire des ponts-bacs dans l’évaluation de leur comportement à long terme. Pour chaque composante des déformations différées (le retrait thermique, le retrait endogène, le retrait et le fluage de dessiccation, le fluage fondamental), une modélisation a été proposée.
-Développement d’un programme d’analyse de section basé sur une approche incrémentale avec l’algorithme récursif et exponentiel proposé par Bažant et dans lequel les composantes des effets différés ont été intégrées suivant la modélisation proposée.
Les résultats sont encourageants car ils ont permis de reproduire de manière beaucoup plus réaliste les évolutions des déformations mesurées dans le pont-bac instrumenté à Bruxelles.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bohn, Cécilia. "Serviceability and safety in the design of rigid inclusions and combined pile-raft foundations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1096/document.
Full textRigid inclusions represent a further development of combined pile-raft foundations, comprising a load transfer platform between the columns and the structure. Calculation methods and design concepts are available for such combined systems in particular in France, based on measured pressuremeter modulus values and on the French recommendations ASIRI for rigid inclusions (IREX 2012). The conventional pile design consisting only of a bearing capacity check for the individual column cannot be applied to such combined systems. The expected settlements may be larger due to a significant load proportion supported by the soil. The present work contributes to the development of displacement-based calculation methods (advocated by the Eurocode 7, EN 1997-1 2004) and design methods for combined systems under vertical loads, in particular on an international level where in general no in situ soil modulus values are measured. Possible particularities of such systems, like the sensitivity of unreinforced small-diameter columns, also had to be investigated. The load transfer method (LTM) is identified as a straightforward engineering tool for the calculation of combined systems with relatively simple geometries. The soil-column interaction in terms of skin friction and tip resistance is described by deformation-dependent load transfer curves (or “t-z” and “q-z” curves). Continuum methods like the finite element method should be preferred only for complex cases in general. The non-linear load-settlement behaviour of single footings up to failure is analysed based on measurements given in the literature. This yields the proposal of a hyperbolic load-settlement curve for footings. This mobilization curve is defined in a way to match the linear usual method for one third of the footing ultimate load. The behaviour of single piles is investigated based on numerous available instrumented and non-instrumented pile load tests with different pile and soil types. A reliable alternative to the load transfer curves after Frank and Zhao (1982), which are based on the pressuremeter modulus, is sought. Cubic root and hyperbolic axial load transfer curves are proposed for all pile and ground types. The stiffness accuracy of the proposed curves depends on an accurate estimation of the ultimate skin friction and tip resistance values. On the contrary, the initial stiffness of the Frank and Zhao curves is fully described by the pressuremeter modulus, avoiding thus errors in the stiffness. The proposed mobilization curves for the shallow and pile foundation behaviours are combined and extended for all combined systems. The proposed method is implemented as the LTM option into the software KID (Keller company 2015). The prediction with the developed model matches very well the measurements made for 3 different cases from the literature. A parametric study shows a smooth transition between the combined pile-raft foundation case and the rigid inclusion case and a potential for optimisation with a significant reduction of the internal forces in the columns and in the rigid slab when a load transfer platform is used. In addition, a comparison with 3D finite element calculations for a theoretical footing case with columns confirms that the developed load transfer method is very reliable for simple geometries. Sensitivity investigations using the axisymmetric and 3D finite element method with Plaxis (2013, 2014) are performed. Geometrical imperfections impact mainly the structural integrity of small-diameter unreinforced columns. However, these effects are reduced in combined systems compared to the single column case due to the possibility of redistribution of the loads within the system
Tout, Firas. "Étude expérimentale des éléments structuraux multi-matériaux collés sollicités en flexion : effet du fluage, fatigue et durabilité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064338.
Full textGermain, Jérémy. "Évaluation des capacités prédictives d’un modèle avancé pour la prévision de la tenue de plaques stratifiées perforées." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN004.
Full textThis work focuses on laminated composite open-hole tensile strength prediction, with a new generation carbon/epoxy material. This PhD takes part in a project named MARCOS, led by ONERA and DASSAULT AVIATION.It aims at proposing a fair level of complexity approach to predict laminated composite open-hole tensile strength in order to reduce design office criteria conservatism and performing its validation on industrial test cases. Open-hole tensile test and analysis available in the scientific literature show that matrix cracking and delamination are two mechanisms acting on final failure. We will first perform a mechanical test campaign to characterize the studied material. A material model, written at the ply scale will be proposed.Damage is described thanks to a crack density variable, the model identification will rely on the experimental test results.Numerical difficulties occurring in finite-element computations using advanced approaches will be investigated.Then, an experimental open-hole tensile test campaign led by ONERA and DASSAULT AVIATION, will exhibit a hole size effect, as commonly observed on composite materials, but also a width effect. The width effect consists in a strength increase when the ratio between the open-hole width and the hole diameter is greater than 5 Very few studies focused on the width effect, hence, it will be investigated. We will then use the important instrumentation used on these test to explain this effect and evaluate the proposed approach predictive capabilities
Sally, Orianne. "Stratégies de calcul pour la prévision de durée de vie des structures composites soumises à des chargements complexes : Application aux composites Oxyde/Oxyde." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN024.
Full textThis study focuses on damage and lifetimeprediction of oxide/oxide composite structures,introduced in the hot parts of aircraft engines. It ispart of a project named MECACOMP, led by Safran.This PhD aims to propose a calculation strategycapable of predicting the strength and service life ofcomposite structures subjected to real fatigue loads(multi-axial, long-lasting and potentially random).A two-step approach is implemented. First, a damagemodel, using an incremental formalism, is proposedin order to represent the experimental behaviourobserved on both static and fatigue loadings. Adedicated identification protocol is proposed. Themechanical test campaign carried out made itpossible to characterize the studied material and toidentify the parameters of the model. However, the computational costs being too highto simulate the behaviour of a composite structuresubjected to long-term fatigue loadings, acalculation strategy is developed, in a second step,to reduce drastically the computational time andmake the model usable in design offices. It consistsin a non-linear cycle jumps method, based on theproposed incremental damage law. This strategywas implemented in a commercial Finite Elementcode and applied to polycyclic fatigue calculationson both academic structures, for which the modelpredictions are evaluated by comparison with testresults, and structures of industrial complexity
Bainier, Hadrien. "Modélisation et simulation des splits dans les structures composites stratifiées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN052/document.
Full textStructural aerospace parts design in composite material requires a large number of tests and simulations at different scales. In this industrial context, constitutive laws are more and more important.The idea of this thesis is to improve the description of transverse cracking in the composite mesomodel, introduced in the LMT during the 80's. The objective is to be able to predict accurately the failure of a laminated composite structure, at cheap computational cost, in order to replace some of expensive mechanical tests.We propose a new version of our model which combine, isolated transverse cracks description such as splits, and an homogenized representation to model important transverse cracks density. To reconcile these two approcahes an ad hoc criterion is introduced, if necessary macrocracks are set in the model by using cohesive elements. A significant proportion of this works is to design and elaborate methods and computation strategy, in order to transfer from academic world to industry. To maintain computer code, and be able to compute industrial mechanical problems (large number of DOF, complex geometry) only commercial softwares must be used. For this purpose, the whole code is implemented in a non intrusive way on SAMCEF software. Finally, to challenge the new strategy, a campaign of validation, with our industrial partner AIRBUS GROUP INNOVATION was carried about structures in laminated composite material, with complex stackings with stress concentrations. Constitutive laws with softening triggers off mesh dependance issues, then the question of localization is discussed from a practical angle
Lainé, Christian. "Étude numérique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique de plaques et coques sandwich : développement d'un élément non-linéaire, grandes transformations et application au flambement de plaques raidies en construction navale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10037.
Full textKeo, Pisey. "Non-linear analysis of steel-concrete hybrid members with application to stability design." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0040/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing simulation tools and a design method for hybrid beam-columns subjected to combined axial force, bending and shear. The thesis is divided in four main parts and comprises 6 chapters. In the first part, we develop a new finite element formulation based on the exact stiffness matrix for the linear elastic analysis of hybrid beam-columns in partial interaction taking into account the shear deformability of the encasing component. This element relies on the analytical solution of a set of coupled system of differential equations in which the primary variables are the slips and the shear deformation of the encasing beam. The latter is derived by combining the governing equations (equilibrium, kinematics, constitutive laws) and solved for a specific element with arbitrary boundary conditions and loading. Special care has been taken while dealing with the constants of integration. The second part of the thesis addresses a new finite element formulation for a large displacement analysis of elastic hybrid beam-columns taking into account the slips that occur at each steel-concrete interface. The co-rotational method is adopted in which the movement of the clement is divided into a rigid body motion and a deformable portion in the local co-rotational frame which moves and rotates continuously with the element but does not deform with it. Appropriate selection of local kinematic variables along with corresponding transformation matrices allows transforming the linear finite element developed in Part I into a nonlinear one resulting in an efficient locking-free formulation. In Part 3, we derive a finite element formulation for materially nonlinear analysis of hybrid beam-columns with shear deformable encasing component, in partial interaction and subjected to the combined shear and bending. The fiber model is adopted with condensation of the 3D stress-strain relations which allow to account for confinement in a rigorous manner as well as the effect of the stirrups. Part 4 examines the adequacy of the moment magnification method given in Eurocode 2 and 4 to provide an accura te estimation of the ultimate load of hybrid columns subjected to a combination of axial load and uniaxial bending moment. The developed finite element model with a shear rigid encasing component is used to conduct a parametric study comprising 1140 cases to cover the various possible situations. The predictions of the model are compared against the values given by the simplified methods of Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 4. lt is shown that these simplified methods does not give satisfactorily results. Based on the analysis of larger number of cases (2960 configurations), the moment magnification method has been calibrated for hybrid columns
Feld-Payet, Sylvia. "Amorçage et propagation de fissures dans les milieux ductiles non locaux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583011.
Full textBihina, Gisèle. "Analyse du comportement au feu des planchers mixtes acier-béton constitutés de poutres cellulaires." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673404.
Full textGallegos, Augusto. "Méthodologies pour l'intégration de circuits mixtes." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON2A120.
Full textRatiarisoa, Rijaniaina. "Valorisation de résidus agroindustriels comme matériaux pour l'habitat et la construction : utilisation de la bagasse dans les liants composés minéraux et les composites." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0265/document.
Full textThe present study aims to add value to agroindustrial residues as housing and building materials. In this context, the research works revolve around two main lines: the development of an alternative binder using agroindustrial residues and the production of composite materials from this alternative binder and plant resources. Two composed binder using bagasse ash, named bagasse ash lime and cement-bagasse ash, were optimised and produced. Using these composed binder, two kinds of composite materials including plant resources were produced: one composite developed with vegetable aggregates and another one reinforced with eucalyptus pulps. The physical, chemical, mechanical and hydric properties of these materials were investigated. The results show that the bagasse ash recalcination at 600 °C and the selection of the particles under a diameter limit (between 45 and 63 µm) improve its reactivity. Blended with slaked lime, the composed binder obtained with these parameters is likely to develop a compressive strength higher than 39 MPa at 28 days; this value is higher than the compressive strength of pouzzolanic material and lime based binder studied in the literature. In addition, due to the lower alkalinity of the interstitial solution of this composed binder, related to the lime consumption by the pouzzolanic material, it better protects vegetable materials from mineralization than the binders based on Portland cement. The incorporation of the cellulosic pulps in the composed binder lime-bagasse ash produces composite materials with a similar flexural behaviour as a composite made with cement and cellulosic pulp
Turetta, Maxime. "Development of an innovative U-shaped steel-concrete composite beam solution : experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0203.
Full textAn innovative solution of steel-concrete composite beam was developed taking into consideration the fire situation and the construction stage. The beam is composed of a U-shaped steel part connected to a reinforced concrete part. In the construction phase, the beam is supporting the slab and constitutes a formwork for the reinforced concrete part. The U-shaped beam withstands the construction loads without any temporary propping system. When casting concrete, the steel beam is filled at the same time as the slab, this allows considerable time-saving on site. In exploitation stage, the beam behaves as a steel-concrete composite beam. The connection between the two materials is made by welded headed studs on the lower part of the U-shaped beam. In fire situations, the composite beam satisfies conventional fire stability durations due to the longitudinal reinforcements inside the concrete downstand part with sufficient covers. A literature review focuses on modern solutions that fulfils the criteria of the thesis is performed in order to develop an innovative solution optimised. In construction stage, the U-shaped steel beam without restraints is prone to lateral torsional buckling instability. In order to characterise the stability of the beam, a full-scale test is carried out at the Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg. The test clearly showed the lateral torsional buckling of the steel beam. The test results are compared to numerical simulations and analytical studies. A parametrical study, covering 200 geometrical configurations of the U-shaped beam, is carried out to validate the use of the curve "b" for the design of the steel beam for lateral torsional buckling according to Eurocodes 3. In the exploitation phase, once the concrete hardens, the beam has a steel-concrete composite behaviour provided by the shear connection between the two materials. For manufacturing reasons, the connection is located in a zone where the concrete is subjected to tension forces induced by the bending of the beam. The concrete in this zone is potentially cracked, thus the efficiency of the connection and therefore the mechanical steel-concrete composite behaviour is investigated. Another test is therefore carried out in the Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg, this time the specimen tested is made of concrete and steel. The failure mode is a shear mechanism of the composite beam at very large displacements. However, the beam specimen exhibited a real steel-concrete composite behaviour with high ductility, the connection is therefore very efficient. The test results are compared to numerical simulations in order to validate the finite element model developed. From numerical results and test results, an analytical method, based on EN 1994-1-1, is proposed to find the bending resistant of this composite beam by taking into account the partial yield of the side plates of the U-shaped steel section. A global analytical design method is proposed for the developed solution based on the Eurocodes with additional considerations and constructional guidelines