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Almonbhi, Ali O. "Effectiveness of Waterproofing Membranes for Precast Prestressed Concrete Adjacent Box-Beam Bridges." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1522880974567767.
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Wanamakok, Phuwanai. "Designing Operations of Geocomposite Membrane Installation in Flexible Pavements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36040.
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Due to technological innovations new materials are introduced to the construction
industry from time to time and need to be installed properly by contractors. Based on
their past experience, the contractors have some ideas on how to carry out the operation.
However, those ideas are just a good starting point. In order to attain an efficient and
productive operation, many issues need to be considered and clarified. To design a new
construction operation, the designer needs to completely understand the processes,
consider all relevant issues, and review all governing criteria. Achieving practical and
productive operations for new technologies requires careful and thorough planning.
Simulation modeling can be a very effective technique to design construction operations
for new technologies. Simulation modeling allows experimenting with many of the
factors involved in the operations prior to initial construction. Early construction
sequencing can allow testing of many alternatives without expensive installations.Geosynthetics are currently being incorporated in flexible pavement systems to improve their performance. However, geosynthetics must be used in the correct application and installed properly in order to produce good results. One of the newly developed geosynthetics is geocomposite membrane that thought to provide strain energy absorption and a moisture barrier. This research discusses the application of discrete-event simulation (DES) to design and analyze the installation of geocomposite membranes in flexible pavements. Data collected from two test sections at the Virginia Smart Road in Blacksburg, Virginia was used for modeling and analysis. STROBOSCOPE, a programming language designed for modeling complex operations, was used as the simulation engine. The process used in the development of simulation models is discussed. A number of installation alternatives were studied and simulated to examine their practicality and to investigate their productivity, resource utilization, and unit cost.
Master of Science
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Frobel, Ronald K., R. A. Jimenez, C. Brent Cluff, and Gene R. Morris. "Asphalt-Crumb Rubber Waterproofing Membrane." Water Resources Research Center. The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/314283.
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No date on item. Authors' manuscript.This report is concerned with laboratory testing and field investigations of a water seepage barrier consisting of asphalt cement and reclaimed crumb-rubber tire peel. The test methods that were utilized and evaluated included the following: water vapor transmission (ASTM E96 -72, Procedure BW), water absorption (ASTM 570-72), ductility (ASTM D113-74), viscosity, toughness, and brittleness /impact resistance (ASTM 0994-72). The test results showed that the asphalt-rubber as a membrane is relatively impermeable and absorbs an insignificant amount of water. The crumb rubber effectively increases the viscosity of the asphalt cement while decreasing the ductility value. The asphalt-rubber combination exhibits a tough, impact resistant membrane with excellent waterproofing properties.
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Sumsion, Eric Scott. "Condition Assessment of Decommissioned Bridge Decks Treated with Waterproofing Membranes and Asphalt Overlays." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4009.
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The objective of this research was to assess the condition of four decommissioned bridge decks treated with waterproofing membranes and asphalt overlays following the completion of their service lives. Large samples were cut from each of the bridge decks immediately prior to demolition and taken to the Brigham Young University Highway Materials Laboratory, where extensive sampling and testing was performed. Methods used to evaluate the condition of the bridge deck samples included visual inspection, hammer sounding, Schmidt rebound hammer testing, resistivity testing, half-cell potential testing, linear polarization testing, cover depth measurement, and chloride concentration measurement. The samples were removed from four concrete bridge decks along the Interstate 15 corridor in Provo, Utah. One bridge deck was constructed in 1937, two were constructed in 1964, and one was constructed in 1984. Each of the bridge decks was constructed using conventional cast-in-place methods. With the exception of the 1984 bridge deck, which had epoxy-coated rebar, all of the bridge decks were reinforced with black bar. A waterproofing membrane was installed on each of the bridge decks in 1984, meaning each waterproofing membrane had been in service for 26 or 27 years at the time of sampling. With the exception of one of the bridges, which was in good condition after 26 years of service, each of the bridge decks sampled had successfully served for at least 46 years. Aside from asphalt maintenance, no rehabilitation was needed on any of the bridge decks following installation of the waterproofing membranes. Without the application of the waterproofing membranes, the chloride concentrations in the bridge decks likely would have been much higher. Additional exposure to chloride ions from deicing salts would have quickly increased the chloride concentration in the concrete above critical levels, which would have led to significant corrosion and bridge deck deterioration, prematurely. While the application of membranes as a bridge deck maintenance procedure has mostly been replaced by the use of epoxy-based polymer overlays, many bridge decks protected with membrane systems are still in service today. The research findings suggest that application of waterproofing membranes and asphalt overlays in a timely manner, before the accumulation of excessive amounts of chlorides within a deck, can be an effective approach for concrete bridge deck preservation.
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Pecku, Suven. "The use of thermoplastic starch for the modification of hydrophilic breathable membranes." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06302009-175421/.
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Eliassi, Sherko, and Ismail Shamma. "Fuktskydd av grundkonstruktioner : En utvärdering av olika system och problem." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187877.
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Byggnader med grundkonstruktioner under mark blir allt vanligare. Att bygga långt ner i marken innebär ofta att man måste handskas med det fluktuerande grundvattnet. Konstruktioners beständighet och livslängd beror många gånger på vattenbeständigheten. Det byggs en mängd olika betongkonstruktioner som är utsatta för ensidigt vattentryck. Kravet på vattentätheten varierar beroende på syfte och användning av byggnaden. Det kan för ett parkeringsdäck vara acceptabelt med vattenläckage medan det i kommersiella byggnader inte tillåts vatteninträngning överhuvudtaget. Denna uppsats utreder hur man fuktsäkrar husgrunder under grundvattenytan. Vattentätheten i grundkonstruktioner beror framförallt på tre faktorer. Det får inte existera breda genomgående sprickor i betongen. Gjutfogar och rörelsefogar bildar diskontinuiteter i grundkonstruktioner som måste tätas. Vidare måste anslutande element såsom fundament och pålar tätas. Hänsyn bör tas till faktorerna för att slippa läckage och att behöva efterbehandla grundkonstruktioner som innebär stora kostnader i förhållande till en tät byggnad från första början. Syftet med examensarbetet var att för svenska konstruktörer presentera hur man projekterar en fuktsäker grundkonstruktion under grundvattenytan. På uppdrag av Sweco har rapporten utrett de tekniker som finns, vad dessa har för egenskaper och begränsningar samt när dessa är lämpliga. Utredningen baseras på en omfattande litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie med involverade parter vid nybyggnation. Målet med rapporten var att presentera hur man framgångsrikt projekterar och bygger vattentäta betongkonstruktioner under grundvattenytan. Rapporten ska ge en överskådlig introduktion samt underlätta för de som eftersträvar ingående förståelse inom ämnet. Den riktar sig framförallt till projektörer men även övriga parter med en betydande roll skall kunna följa rapporten för en bättre förståelse och kännedom. Befintliga lösningar utvärderas genom en omfattande litteraturstudie och en kvalitativ intervjustudie med konstruktörer, entreprenörer och leverantörer av tätningstekniker. Samtliga aktörers kompetens och erfarenhet sammanfördes för att identifiera förbättringspotentialen i projektering- och produktionsfasen av vattentäta grundkonstruktioner. Kompetensen finns i branschen men återkopplingen och feedbacken är synnerligen begränsad. Åsikter och kunnigheter är utspridda mellan många källor vilket gör att en enhetlig bild saknas. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien dels att man som konsult tillsammans med entreprenör bör göra en ny risk- och konsekvensanalys inför varje projekt. Olika tätningsalternativ bör övervägas för att medvetandegöra varje parts del av riskhanteringen. Vidare bör man som konstruktör leverera isometriska perspektiv alternativt digitala 3D ritningar för att tydliggöra komplicerade och kvalitetskritiska detaljer. Slutligen bör hantverkare på byggarbetsplatsen vara utbildade och se mervärdet av en sprickminimerad betong och väl utförd tätning av fogar och anslutande element. Konsulter och entreprenörer bör tillsammans efter varje projekt utvärdera valda tätningstekniker för att tillsammans driva de framåt i utvecklingen.Buildings with foundations below ground is becoming increasingly common. Building far below the ground level means that you have to deal with the fluctuating groundwater. A variety of concrete structures are subjected to one-sided water pressure. Structures' durability and longevity many times depends on the water resistance. The requirement considering waterproofing varies depending on the purpose and use of the building. It can for example be acceptable with some water leakage in a parking deck, while it can be unacceptable for commercial buildings. This paper investigates how to waterproof building foundations below the groundwater level. The water tightness of foundations is mainly depending on three factors. Wide thoroughgoing cracks cannot exist in the concrete. Construction joints and expansion joints forming discontinuities in the foundation must be sealed. Furthermore, connecting elements such as mat-slabs and pile heads must be sealed. These three factors should all be considered to avoid leaks and to avoid the need of after-treatment which means high costs in relation to a waterproof foundation in the first place. The aim of the thesis was to present for Swedish designers how you waterproof foundations below the groundwater level. On behalf of Sweco the report investigated the existing techniques, which properties and limitations they have and when they are suitable. The study is based on an extensive literature review and interviews with involved parties during construction. The goal of the report was to present how to successfully project and build water-proof concrete structures below the groundwater level. The report should give a clear introduction to the subject and facilitate for those who aspire a thorough understanding of the subject. It is primarily aimed to designers, other parties with a significant role can also follow the report for a better understanding and awareness. Existing solutions are evaluated through an extensive literature review and qualitative interviews with designers, contractors and suppliers of sealing techniques. All participant’s skills and experiences were brought together to identify potential for improvement in project planning and production phase of waterproof foundations. The expertise is available in the industry, but the feedback is exceedingly limited. The opinions and skills are sprawled among many sources, which means that a uniform image is missing. In summary, the study shows that consultants and contractors together should make a new risk and impact assessment ahead of each project. Various waterproofing options should be considered, to raise the awareness of each parts share of the risk management. Furthermore the designer should deliver isometric perspectives or digital 3D drawings to clarify complex and quality-critical parts. Finally, craftsman on the construction should be educated and aware of the additional value of a crack minimized concrete and well executed sealing of joints and connecting elements. Consultants and contractors should evaluate the waterproofing techniques after each project to jointly push the technologies forward.
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Maurin, Bernard. "Morphogénèse des membranes textiles architecturales." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20028.
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Le developpement des structures a base de toiles textiles tendues souligne l'insuffisance des approches conceptuelles traditionnelles et necessite de nouvelles methodes. Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire se rapportent ainsi a l'etude des procedes de recherche de forme des membranes textiles architecturales et a la decoupe de laizes. Nous mettons tout d'abord en evidence l'insuffisance d'une representation discrete des toiles tendues (reseaux de cables) et proposons la methode de recherche de forme des densites de contraintes surfaciques qui s'appuie sur une modelisation continue du domaine. Cet aspect est complete par une etude de la stabilite ainsi que des mecanismes des structures tendues. L'attention se porte ensuite sur les procedes destines a l'investigation de formes minimales : reseaux de cables de longueur minimale et surfaces d'aire minima. Deux methodes sont presentees, une premiere fondee sur l'utilisation des methodes de densites et une seconde approche liee a la minimisation de fonctionnelles selon la methode du gradient conjugue (problemes d'optimisation). Nous proposons egalement un outil autorisant le calcul des caracteristiques geometriques des surfaces (valeurs des courbures moyennes et gaussiennes en tout point du milieu). Enfin, la methode de composition des contraintes dediee a la determination des formes de decoupe du tissu permet de prendre en consideration les parametres de geometrie, etat de pretension du domaine et rheologie du materiau, tout en attenuant les erreurs inherentes a toute decoupe de laizes (minimisation selon des methodes de moindres carres). Ces developpements visent a apporter des reponses concretes aux problemes poses, directement utilisables par les concepteurs.
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Embretsen, Erik, and Joel Häggström. "Slitlager på broar : En kunskapssammanställning om slitlager på broar med fokus på slitbetong." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Byggteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28841.
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Denna rapport har kommit till efter en studie som genomförts för att försöka identifiera de viktigaste faktorerna som påverkar valet av slitlager på broar. Studien syftade även till att försöka bringa klarhet över vilka grunder som slitlager tidigare har valts på och bör väljas på i framtiden. Resultatet av studien är att slitlager riskeras att baseras på oklara grunder utan en tydlig motivering och otydliga riktlinjer. Det är ofta som personliga åsikter har ett stort inflytande i valet av slitlager. Ekonomi, typ av entreprenad eller estetik är andra avgörande faktorer vid val av slitlager. Studien har genomförts utifrån djupgående intervjuer med sakkunniga personer.This report is the result of a study conducted to try to identify the most important factors affecting the choice of surface course on bridges. The study also aimed to clarify the reasons for which surface course were previously chosen and should be chosen in the future. The result of the study is that the surface course are likely to be chosen on unclear grounds without a clear motivation and unclear guidelines. It is often that private opinions have a big influence on the choice of the surface course. Economics, type of contract or aesthetics are other crucial factors in choosing of the surface course. The study has been conducted using in-depth interviews with people having knowledge in the field.
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Rossi, Claire. "Construction et validation de modèles membranaires biomimétiques supportés pour l'étude des interactions protéines/membranes." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1611.
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L'objectif de ces travaux est de développer des membranes biomimétiques facilitant les études des interactions protéines-membranes. Ces systèmes membranaires artificiels sont assemblés et ancrés sur des substrats solides afin de permettre l'application de mesures physico-chimiques (SPR, FRAP, AFM). Afin de réaliser des membranes biologiques synthétiques couplées au support et délimitant deux compartiments distincts (cis/in et trans/out), notre approche consiste à coupler de façon covalente une bicouche de lipides à une surface plane (or, verre, etc. ) préalablement activée, par l'intermédiaire de lipides fonctionnalisés incorporés directement dans des vésicules lipidiques. Une étude par plan d'expérience Doehlert a permis de contrôler la formation de ces bicouches supportées. Ces membranes biomimétiques ont été appliquées à l'étude des interactions calcium-dépendantes de deux protéines : la neurocalcine myristoylée et la toxine Adénylate cyclase de Bordetella pertussisOur aim is to develop biomimetic membrane systems for protein-membrane interactions studies. These artificial membrane systems are assembled and anchored on solid substrates in order to allow the application of physicochemical measurements (SPR, FRAP, AFM). Ln order to create tethered lipid membrane, which delimit two distinct compartments (cis/in and trans/out), the selected approach is to anchor a lipid bilayer on a functionalized planar surface : (gold, glass, etc. ) in a covalent way, via functionalized lipids which are directly incorporated in lipids vesic1es. A experimental design Doelhert study allowed us to control the formation way of these tethered lipid bilayers. These biomimetic membranes were applied to the study of the calcium-dependent interactions on two proteins: the Myr-neurocalcine, a myristoyled protein and a bacterial toxin, the Adenylate cyc1ase of Bordetella pertussis
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Hemel, Audrey. "Propriétés mécaniques de membranes d’épaisseur nanométriques : construction et mise au point d’un essai de gonflement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL060N/document.
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Un nouvel essai mécanique a été développé pour répondre à la demande d'analyse des propriétés mécaniques des revêtements et films d'épaisseur nanométrique par essai de gonflement. La méthode utilisée est l'application d'une différence de pression sur une membrane non supportée, usinée en utilisant les techniques standards de gravure microélectronique. Le banc d'essai permettra d'effectuer des essais à haute température (au dessus de 900°C). La principale difficulté rencontrée a été la mise au point d'une méthode de mesure de la déflection de la membrane qui perturbe celle ci aussi peu que possible. Deux techniques ont été utilisées : capteur ponctuel et capteur interférométrique 2D avec référence sphérique. La première technique, plus simple, s'est révélée difficilement praticable, en particulier dans le cas de flambage de la membrane. La mise en place de la deuxième a nécessité une description fine du comportement du système optique (distorsion des images, calcul des interférogrammes) aboutissant à une méthode de mesure simple, susceptible d'être intégrée en ligne au système de contrôle de l'interféromètre, et complétée par un traitement complet des données après essai.Afin de valider l'essai, deux types de revêtements ont été caractérisés. Tout d'abord des films fragiles de nitrure de silicium et de silicium pour mettre en évidence la fiabilité et la reproductibilité des essais. Puis des films minces d'or pour observer l'influence de la microstructure sur le début de la déformation plastiqueA new mechanical testing device of free standing membranes by Bulge Test has been built at Institute Jean Lamour in order to investigate the mechanical properties of thin films of nanometric thickness. The Bulge Test measures the deflection of a free standing membrane to which a differential atmospheric pressure has been applied. (The specimens are prepared from film on substrate deposits by cutting a window within the substrate by standard microelectronic techniques.) We aim of achieve tests from room temperature to ~ 900°C. The main technical difficulty met during this work was to develop a non perturbating method of measurement of the film bulge. Two different techniques were tested: point measurement and 2D interferometry using a spherical reference. The first technique, however simple, was difficult to practice, especially in the case of buckling membranes. The second method required a detailed analysis of the whole optical system (image distorsion, calculation of interferograms) leading to a simple measurement method, suitable for integration in the acquisition and command chain of the device, followed by an off line full treatment.The operating method was used on two different sets of specimens: fragile silicon nitride and silicon membranes in order to test the reproducibility of the device. Polycrystalline gold thin films were then used to study the early stage of plastic strain
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Lundqvist, Oscar. "TAKTERRASSER PÅ FLERBOSTADSHUS : En analys av takterrasser relaterat till dess projektering, utförande och fuktproblem de kan medföra." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55189.
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Roof terraces are in great demand today and can add value to the home. Theirdesign can vary but often they can also contribute and increase the risk of moisture in the building and cause problems. This is because they are flat and often have doors that lead out to a terrace where water can collect. The purpose of the study is to examine how roof terraces are designed and executedwith a goal of finding designs that should be avoided and designs that can be recommended.This will be done by reviewing previously designed roof terrace projects, literature studies,interviews with people with significant experience in the subject and highlighting relevantexperiences from my previous professional experiences as a carpenter. In the study, critical areas and processes during the design as well as the production of a roofterrace will be highlighted and explained why they are critical. The advantages of asuperstructure consisting of a wooden deck will be highlighted. The importance of the rightskills at the right time will also be discussed. The results of the work will highlight the importance of a solid design of waterproofing layerson roof terraces and why implementation of waterproofing layers may be relevant. It will alsosummarize what you should think about in order to design blueprints that meet the right conditions for a high quality and improved execution.Takterrasser på flerbostadshus är idag väldigt efterfrågat och kan ha ett stort mervärde till en bostad. De kan utformas varierat men gemensamt för dem att de bidrar till en ökad risk för fuktproblematik i byggnaden. Detta då de är nästintill platta och dessutom ofta har dörrar ut till terrassen i höjd med där vatten samlas.Studiens syfte är att granska hur takterrasser projekteras samt utförs av idag med ett mål om att finna utföranden som bör undvikas och utföranden som kan rekommenderas. Detta har gjorts genom granskning av tidigare utförda takterrassprojekt, litteraturstudier, intervju av personer med betydande erfarenhet i ämnet samt att lyfta fram relevanta erfarenheter från tidigare yrkeserfarenheter som stommontör/snickare.I arbetet granskas och förklaras kritiska byggnadstekniska detaljer och kritiska delar av projekteringen för takterrasser. Fördelarna med att en påbyggnad utgörs av en trall i trä belyses. Även vikten av rätt kompetenser vid rätt tillfälle diskuteras.Resultatet av arbetet belyser vikten av ett gediget utförande av tätskikt på takterrasser och varför en extra kontroll av tätskikt kan vara relevant. Det summerar även vad som bör beaktas för att projektera rätt förutsättningar till utförandet.
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Mailler, Philippe. "Rhéologie des membranes composites souples orthotropes sous chargement multi-axial." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10143.
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La recherche aborde l'identification et la modelisation du comportement rheologique de composites souples (tissu de fibres de polyester enduit de polychlorure de vinyle) utilises sous forme de membranes pour l'architecture tensible. Le bilan bibliographique met en evidence l'absence de methodes de caracterisation de ces composites orthotropes sous sollicitations multiaxiales et l'absence de methodes previsionnelles pour decrire le comportement rheologique de ces materiaux et prevoir l'evolution du comportement en rigidite et a rupture en fonction du temps et de l'environnement. La premiere partie de la these est consacree a la conception et a la validation d'une machine d'essai de traction biaxiale regulee en charge et en deplacement. La methodologie experimentale porte d'une part sur des mesures de champs de deplacement par des techniques d'extensometrie optique et sur l'analyse des champs de contraintes corriges en fonction des geometries des eprouvettes et de l'anisotropie du materiau. L'etude du comportement rheologique et l'identification des fonctions fluage et relaxation des membranes est abordee en realisant des essais de fluage thermostimules et en appliquant le principe d'equivalence temps temperatures. Parallelement a partir de la mesure des proprietes viscoelastiques des fibres et de la matrice et de l'identification de modeles rheologiques ou de derivees fractionnaires, en appliquant des expressions previsionnelles de calcul des caracteristiques en rigidite des structures textiles considerees a l'echelle microscopique, nous proposons une formulation des fonctions fluage et relaxation. La validation de ces methodologies theorico-experimentales est faite par une confrontation avec des resultats de fluage obtenus dans des bases de temps et dans des conditions d'environnement reelles
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Ghaffari, Nik Omid. "Novel Functionalized Fillers for Mixed Matrix Membranes for C02/CH4 Separation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29044/29044.pdf.
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Novák, Jindřich. "Vybrané problémy při oceňování stavebních prací pro účely znaleckých posudků." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358404.
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The basic requirement for a good quality expert opinion are high quality sources of information, i.e. adequately detailed and valid groundwork. This dissertation analyzes groundwork for expert activities in the area of building operation appraisals, handling of information and its transmission within the life cycle of a construction. For this purpose, it is possible to divide the construction according to its functional parts. The thesis puts emphasis on drawing up a budget according to its functional parts, which is clearer for the investors, contractors and real estate administrators as well as the expert. A significant part of the dissertation is dedicated to recommendations on how to determine the usual price of building operations. In this section I define some options of how to determine the usual price of building operations, including their comparison. Likewise, I investigated and compared real agreed prices of building contracts for public commissions. The basic recommendation resulting from this chapter is the recommendation for the Czech statistics department to automate the data collection based on registers of building operations created with one of the budgeting programs (preferably according to functional parts). For the experts, I prepared a set of recommendations based on the analyzed differences between the budgeted prices and those applied in real contracts. There is no generally accepted method to evaluate the losses created due to delays in construction. For the purposes of this dissertation, I investigated the common prices of rent of the individual equipment and then established two approaches to put value on the cost of equipping the site, percentage rate and individual calculation. I examine in more detail the issues related to quantification of costs for wintertime arrangements. At the end of the chapter I define recommendations for experts. With regard to recommendations for establishing discounts from the construction price due to occurrence of defects and unfinished tasks, I analyzed real examples of distribution of defects and unfinished tasks at the moment of delivering the building operation to the investor and discovered that approximately 50% of defects are part of the surface working. Additionally, I analyzed the Czech technical regulations regarding surface working in order to find basis for assessment of the presence or absence of a defect. While investigating the approach to non-removable defects, I discovered incorrectly considered shelf life of waterproofing within the appraisal. Based on this, I investigated the market and determined the shelf life of common waterproofing systems. At the end of this dissertation I carry out a comparison of selected items of the two pricing systems most commonly used in the Czech Republic, URS and RTS. The differences are a result of contemplating using different technologies, varied mechanisms and diverse approaches to determine the costs of material.
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Haruka, Takeuchi. "CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A STERIC PORE-FLOW MODEL FOR PREDICTING REJECTION OF SMALL AND UNCHARGED COMPOUNDS BY POLlYMIDE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/233847.
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Chatain, Szostkiewicz Catherine. "Méthodes mixtes numériques et expérimentales pour la caractérisation en rigidité et la fissuration de membranes composites orthotropes." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10288.
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L'etude du comportement pathologique des membranes composites orthotropes mises en uvre en architecture tensible met en evidence des singularites de comportement induites par les effets d'anisotropie propres aux renforts multidirectionnels textiles et des mecanismes de rupture localises dans des zones a forte concentration de contraintes se traduisant par des amorcages et des propagations de fissures. Dans une premiere partie, nous avons developpe une methode mixte numerique et experimentale d'identification de la matrice de rigidite de membrane d'un materiau orthotrope. Le champ de deformations, en partie centrale de l'eprouvette cruciforme, est mesure par un dispositif optique adapte aux grands deplacements. Le champ de contraintes correspondant est evalue avec un code de calcul aux elements finis (ansys). La matrice de rigidite est ensuite determinee par un calcul inverse combinant les resultats issus d'essais de traction bi-axiale, controles en force ou en deplacement, avec differents rapports de chargement. Les resultats obtenus sont confrontes a ceux deduits de calculs previsionnels (modeles multicouches et unidirectionnel a ondulations). Dans une seconde partie, nous avons observe et analyse les mecanismes de ruine d'une eprouvette entaillee, notamment par l'evaluation de l'influence de la longueur et de l'orientation initiales de la fissure sur sa propagation (mode i). L'application de la mecanique lineaire elastique de la rupture et de ses extensions ont permis la determination de valeurs caracteristiques de la propagation de fissures (tenacite k i c). Parallelement, nous etudions deux solutions numeriques au probleme de fissuration pose : la premiere comprenant un macro-element fissurant et la seconde, plus classique, un raffinement du maillage en fond d'entaille. En conclusion, nous sommes en mesure de proposer des lois de comportement et des criteres de rupture plus realistes pour effectuer le dimensionnement des structures tensibles.
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Koval, Alex. "NATURAL PRODUCT AND BUILDING BLOCK SYNTHESIS: CAROLACTON-INSPIRED ANALOGS, THE ANTITUMOR THERAPEUTIC FRAX-1036, AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF ATOMICALLY PRECISE MEMBRANES FROM SPIROLIGOMERS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/561467.
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ChemistryPh.D.
Ever since traditional medicine developed thousands of years ago, humans have looked to natural substances as remedies for maladies. Today, many isolation and natural product chemists have begun revisiting ancient folk medicines in an attempt to isolate the compound(s) responsible for effective treatment. In addition to the examination of traditional remedies, the secondary metabolites of many newly discovered species, especially bacteria, get tested against a wide array of pathogenic cells. Isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, the secondary metabolite carolacton was discovered to be lethal to Streptococcus mutans cells transitioning to the biofilm state. This was a significant finding since S. mutans is the main causative agent of dental caries, the most prevalent chronic childhood and adolescent disease worldwide. Herein, our efforts to design, synthesize, and biologically evaluate a 16-member library of carolacton-inspired analogs is described. In addition to natural product inspired research, two projects borne from a target-oriented templated approach are also described. The first, the synthesis of the antitumor compound FRAX-1036, was completed as part of a collaboration with the Chernoff group at Fox Chase Cancer Center to provide them with more material for murine testing. The second, the synthesis of macrocycles for the formation of atomically precise membranes, was conducted using spiroligomer building blocks and unnatural amino acids to furnish a triangle-shaped macrocycle via solution and solid phase techniques. This dissertation highlights the usefulness of the techniques of diverted total synthesis and building block synthesis in organic chemistry.
Temple University--Theses
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Žamberská, Šárka. "Projekt logistické koncepce se zaměřením na distribuci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234783.
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This diploma thesis deals with logistics concepts in the company ROMEX Inc. Theoretic part contains basic concepts of the issue. The current state and process orders are in the analytical part. The final part is devoted to suggestions for improvement and conditions of their implementation so as to lead a comprehensive development of the company, better order processing, and cost and time savings
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Vepřek, Karel. "Analýza rizik hydroizolačních systémů staveb." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233112.
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A general overview of the waterproofing materials. Distribution waterproofing systems according to their use in construction. Listing the possible risks of defects waterproofing systems. Remediation and prevention of defects in the insulation. General summary of the risk lifecycle isolation and analysis of defects in the insulating elements on the real structure.
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Dejmalová, Hana. "Bytový komplex LIVE UP v Brně - příprava realizace stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265703.
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The subject of the master´s thesis are selected parts construction technology project apartment house LIVE UP in Brno – Bohunice. It is a new building with one underground floor and six overground floors. Construction of the house is monolithic and upper floors are bearing masonry walls. The work includes technical reports, study the implementation of major construction phases, organization of the construction, technological regulation of flat single-roof, itemized budget with the statement of measurements, time schedule, inventory of machines.
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Lupsea, Maria-octavia. "Contribution to the environmental impact assessment of buildings : numerical modelling of dangerous substances’ release to water." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0007/document.
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Tous les produits de construction ou les ouvrages qui sont en contact avec l’eau de pluie, sont susceptibles de relarguer des composants chimiques potentiellement dangereux pour la santé humaine et l’environnement. Actuellement, le relargage des substances dangereuses dans l’eau est évalué essentiellement par des méthodes expérimentales - généralement des essais de lixiviation réalisées à l’échelle du laboratoire. Par ailleurs, les impacts environnementaux des produits de construction et des bâtiments sont évalués par l’approche Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV), réalisées à partir de données propres aux fabricants et de données génériques existantes constituées en bases de données. Or, les émissions de polluants pendant la vie en oeuvre des produits de construction sont actuellement mal prises en compte dans ces mêmes bases de données existantes et dans les méthodes utilisées pour l’évaluation des performances environnementales des produits et des bâtiments.Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de ces travaux ont été : (i) de développer une méthodologie pour l’évaluation du comportement à la lixiviation de différentes matrices de produits de construction et (ii) d’intégrer les données de lixiviation dans les méthodes ACV à l’échelle du bâtiment. La méthodologie développée pour l’évaluation du comportement à la lixiviation des produits de construction est basée sur : (1) des essais de caractérisation à la lixiviation, selon les méthodes standardisées d’évaluation répondant au Règlement Produits de Construction (RPC), (2) la modélisation et la simulation des phénomènes couplés chimie-transport à l’échelle laboratoire et vraie grandeur et (3) l’intégration des données de lixiviation, obtenues par des simulations numériques en conditions d’exposition naturelle des produits de construction, dans les méthodes ACV, aux échelles produit et bâtiment.La méthodologie proposée a été appliquée et validée sur trois produits de construction : le bois traité CBA (Cuivre - Bore - Azole), la plaque fibrociment et la membrane bitumineuse. Les comportements à la lixiviation du bois traité CBA et de la plaque fibrociment a été simulé pour des conditions naturelles d’exposition à long terme, en utilisant le logiciel géochimique PHREEQC®. Les modèles chimiques développées permettent de considérer les matrices organiques et minérales et leurs interactions avec les polluants. Les phénomènes de transport des substances ont été également modélisés. Les modèles d’émission développés (couplage chimie-transport) permettent de simuler la lixiviation dynamique des produits considérés, pour différentes conditions d’exposition. Pour la membrane bitumineuse, seule la caractérisation expérimentale a été réalisée. Les données de lixiviation obtenues lors des simulations sur la durée de vie en oeuvre des produits ont été intégrées dans les inventaires respectifs du cycle de vie (ICV) des produits. Des méthodes d’impact spécifiques ont été utilisées en association avec les inventaires enrichis pour évaluer les impacts “pollution de l’eau”, “toxicité humaine” et “écotoxicité” des produits considérés. L’ACV d’une maison simplifiée a été réalisée en utilisant le logiciel ELODIE. La méthode d’évaluation à l’échelle bâtiment consiste à intégrer les nouvelles données construites sur la base de la méthodologie développée à l’échelle produit aux autres données d’ACV à l’échelle bâtiment. La méthodologie développée au cours de ces travaux permet donc l’intégration des données de lixiviation dans les outils ACV dédiés au bâtimentAny construction product and building undergoing contact with water during its life cycle can release chemical compounds potentially hazardous for the human health and the environment. The release of dangerous substances is presently investigated especially by experimental approaches commonly by laboratory leaching tests while the environmental impacts of construction products and buildings are evaluated by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The dangerous substances release during use stage of construction products (leaching behaviour) is currently very poorly represented in the existing data bases and methods for environmental assessment of construction products and buildings.In this context, the main objectives of this study were: (i) to develop a methodology for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of various construction products and (ii) to integrate the leaching data in LCA approach at building scale. The methodology developed for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of construction products is based on: (1) characterisation leaching tests at lab scale, following the horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to dangerous substances under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), (2) modelling and simulation of coupled chemical and transport phenomena at lab and field scale, and (3) utilisation of simulated leaching data for the construction products exposed in natural condition with the LCA method for the characterization of the hazardous effect during the use stage. The proposed methodology was applied and validated on three different classical construction products i.e. CBA (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood, fibre-cement sheets and bitumen membranes. The leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood and fibre-cement sheets was simulated over several years under natural exposure conditions, using the geochemical software PHREEQC. The chemical models consider both the mineral and the organic matrixes and their interaction with treatmentcompounds. Mass transfer and transport phenomena were modelled. The developed coupled chemical-transport models are able to represent the dynamic leaching behaviour of the respective products in various leaching conditions. For bitumen membranes only experimental characterisation was possible. The leaching data obtained by simulation over the whole use stage of the products were integrated in the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the relevant life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods were applied with the enriched inventory. A simplified single-family house was modelled using a software designed to evaluate the intrinsic environmental performances of a building over its entire life cycle. ELODIE software was used in this work. The building scale assessment methodology is based on coupling the methodology developed for the product scale with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at building scale. This methodology allows a proper integration of leaching data in LCA tools and answers several technical questions raised in the field
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Rokosová, Iva. "Příprava realizace Universitního centra ve Zlíně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227492.
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Diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of the implementation of the University Centre in Zlín. The work includes building technology study and subsequent construction technology project. In this thesis, the aim was to determine the time, financial and material demands of the project, choose the optimum process of construction, ensure BOZP, make the proposal buildingsite for the individual stages, the calculation of costs of site preparation and select adequate mechanical the assembly. It was drafted fire assessments of buildings.
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Le, Hello Bastien. "Renforcement par géosynthétiques des remblais sur inclusions rigides, étude expérimentale en vraie grandeur et analyse numérique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160447.
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Les sols à faible portance, posent de réels problèmes pour la construction des ouvrages de génie civil (tassements différentiels importants). Actuellement il existe de nombreuses solutions pour améliorer la qualité de ces sols dont les techniques de renforcement par pieux. Parmi ces méthodes l'une d'elles, en pleine expansion dans certains pays, consiste à ajouter au dessus de réseau de pieux une nappe de renfort géosynthétique. Dans cette technique les charges dues au remblai sont transmises aux pieux soit directement par le sol de remblai par report de charge, soit indirectement par l'intermédiaire de la nappe géosynthétique par effet membrane. L'objectif de cette étude est d'une part de mieux comprendre le comportement de ces ouvrages pour permettre leur dimensionnement et d'autre part de tester un dispositif expérimental permettant de suivre dans le temps le comportement de l'ouvrage (système de mesures par fibres optiques Géodetect). Pour atteindre cet objectif, un programme de recherche regroupant des expérimentations et des modélisations numériques, a été entrepris en collaboration avec la société Tencate. Des expérimentations en vraie grandeur ont été réalisées à Kuala Lumpur en Malaisie dans des conditions spécifiques pour étudier le comportement en membrane du géosynthétique au-dessus du réseau de pieux et pour appréhender les phénomènes de report de charge.
Une modélisation originale couplant éléments finis et éléments discrets a été développée pour compléter l'étude expérimentale. L'approche continue a permis de modéliser efficacement le comportement en membrane des nappes géosynthétiques. Quant à l'approche discrète, elle a permis d'analyser les mécanismes de transfert de charge dans le remblai. La comparaison et l'analyse des résultats ont permis de mieux comprendre ces mécanismes et de mieux appréhender le dimensionnement de ces ouvrages.
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Senda, Paul Tudieji. "The design, numerical modelling and development of MEMS fabrication process of micro bolometer for use in long wave infrared detection." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1242.
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Master of Technology: Mechanical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Supervisor:Prof Philander Oscar
Bellville Campus
Date of submission: April 2013The Advanced Manufacturing Technology Strategy (AMTS), predecessor of the Technology Innovation Agency, was a national strategy focused principally on improving collaboration amongst industry, academia and science councils. The aerospace industries and training institutions in particular have been identified as key thrust areas for achieving economic development through the AMTS. Furthermore, the AMTS Aerospace Interest Group has been identified as one of the most important facets of Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Sensors and Electronics Flagship Program. The manufacturing of Micro and Nano Electronics and sensors is essential for South Africa to sustain the technology capability development as seen in developed countries. For example, there is an urgent need to establish a Photo Lithography facility for South African industry and training Institutions. The demand for the new generations of industrial, military, commercial, medical, automotive and aerospace products in South Africa in particular, and in the world in general, has fuelled research and development activities focused on advanced and smart materials. This situation has allowed for the emergence of a new generation of infrared sensors, the bolometer, based on an infrared thermal detection mechanism which is particularly suited to operate at ambient temperature, opening opportunities for achieving low cost infrared imaging systems for both military and commercial applications. This work deals with different South African bolometer membranes of the second prototype in collaboration with the University of Pretoria and Denel Optronics. The bolometer is an infrared thermal sensor that measures thermal radiation by converting said radiation into a temperature change and subsequently measuring the induced change in electrical resistance. The term infrared from Latin Infra, meaning below, is usually applied to wavelengths between 700nm and 1mm. It can be argued that the first occurrence of infrared sensing actually goes back several millennia, when men placed their hands over recently extinguished fire. However, until Herschel’s experiment, this kind of infrared was between the sun and the earth. Thermal imaging, which refers to the ability to measure the temperature of different points on a scene, requires either an array of infrared detectors operating in those wavelength ranges or a way to scan a scene using a single detector. To realise this work, objectives have been assigned to different groups of the consortium represented by CPUT, UP and Denel. Analyses of thirteen bolometer membranes including metal bolometer (Titanium) and Vanadium oxide were assigned to CPUT, reason why this thesis focuses on the modelling, designing and testing of the bolometer membranes. Masks design of the second prototype bolometer test structures includes several thermally isolated bolometer devices. These devices have been modelled and analysed in order to study their electrical and thermal behaviour.
Cape Peninsula University of Technology University of Pretoria Denel Optronics
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Fejfar, Michal. "Bytový dům Ivančice - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371839.
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The subject of the master´s thesis technological project of the Ivančice residential building in Ivančice. The building has one underground and four aboveground floors. The master´s thesis contains a technical report for the building technology project, broader transport routes, a timetable, a financial plan, time schedule, design of construction site installations, design of mechanical assemblies, technological prescription for construction of celling white tank, inspection and test plan, crane and design.
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Vlasák, Jakub. "Městská sportovní hala v Kuřimi - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372209.
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The aim of this diploma´s thesis is the construction and technological salutions to rough construction building municipal sports hall in Kuřim. The content of this work is technological execution, solution to site equipment, design of machanical assemblies sonnected with transport links, checking and test plans, line budget, schedule, calculation of construction, building timetable, safety and protection of enviroment.
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Všetečka, Jan. "Stavebně technologický projekt revitalizace těžní věže Brno." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227274.
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The task of this diploma’s thesis was processing construction-technology project to revitalization the mining towers because of its current worsened state and subsequent adjustments for cultural activities.
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Hanzlík, Vlastimil. "Administrativní budova Lomnického - stavebně technologická příprava stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391905.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the construction and technological preparation of the office building in the Lomnického street. The aim of this work is to choose the appropriate construction process. The thesis contains a technical report of a construction and technological project, solutions of wider transport relations, time and financial object plan, itemized budget, design of a site equipment, design of the main building machines and mechanisms, time schedule, technological regulation, inspection and test plan, calculation of two options of the excavation of building pit and details to waterproofing of the substructure. In detail, the thesis is dedicated to secure the building pit enclosed by diaphragm walls.
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Růžička, Jiří. "Polyfunkční koncový dům v Karlových Varech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265694.
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The project solves a multifunctional Duma building in a vacant lot, contemplated the construction site is located in Carlsbad, in the street Vyhlíce. This is a protected site spa. Part of the project's layout and structural design of the house. It is a six-storey house with an attic and a basement floor. It is designed as a free-standing in the gap as the final house. The layout is divided into two complete units with their own input. There are spaces for business and residential units for permanent housing. Part of the living area are also room house equipment. Inputs to both parts are wheelchair accessible. The house is not wheelchair The house is designed as a brick building of brick masonry Porotherm the module dimensions of 250 (125) mm with reinforced concrete ceilings. Roofed by a hipped roof. The house is located on a private plot of 519 m2 built-up area of 221 m2. The land is gently sloping. The main orientation of the building to the cardinal's east and west. The south wall is adjacent to the neighboring house.
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Maximino, André da Silva. "Enterprise dashboards for waterproofing systems in wood construction." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/10370.
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O ato de tomar decisões em gestão pode ser complexo. Todas as indústrias têm os seus
próprios atores e campos de intervenção muito específicos. Por esse motivo, as informações
visuais podem ser um aliado poderoso quando adaptadas corretamente ao seu ponto de foco.
Os dashboards, em particular, reúnem toda a quantidade de dados gerados todos os dias e
convertem em informação visual que ajudam o usuário a monitorar o projeto de uma forma
mais dinâmica e com muito mais controle dos processos nos quais ele deve tomar decisões.
A construção em madeira é muito comum nos países escandinavos e especialmente em
edifícios residenciais, nos quais é necessário instalar sistemas de impermeabilização para as
chamadas “divisões húmidas”, em constante contato com água ou humidade.
Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo visual que possibilite a análise,
criação e avaliação de dashboards que darão suporte ao processo de tomada de decisão do
project manager, com foco no lado gerencial do produto e não na produção. Isso é composto
por vários estágios de desenvolvimento que resultam em um protótipo de alta definição.
O usuário desempenhou um papel importante neste trabalho ao longo de pesquisas e
observação direta de testes, para avaliar o potencial do sistema a ser usado com frequência.
Seis participantes fizeram parte das sessões de teste da primeira versão do protótipo que teve
média de 74,6 no System Usability Scale, com o protótipo sendo considerado Bom.The act of decision-making in the management field can be complex. All the several industries have their own actors and very specific fields of intervention. For that reason, visual information can be a powerful ally when correctly adapted to its focused point. Dashboards in particular, gather all the amount of data that’s been generated every day and translate that into visual information that helps the user to monitor the project in a more dynamic and with much more control of the processes it is supposed to make decisions on. Within the construction industry exist many sub-industries that contribute for the thousands of components that comprises a structure, a building, a final product. The wood construction is very common in Scandinavian countries and specially in residential buildings, in which it is necessary to install waterproofing systems for the so called “wet rooms”, in constant contact with moist or water. This study aims to develop a visual model that make possible the analysis, creation and the evaluation of dashboards that will support the decision-making process of the project manager, focusing on the management side of the product rather than the production. This is comprised by several stages of development which results in a high-definition prototype. The user played an important role in this work throughout surveys and direct observation of testing, so it could evaluate the potential of the system to be used frequently. For the focus group, 6 participants were part of the testing sessions for the first version of the prototype. The score average was 74,6 in the System Usability Scale, with the prototype being considered as Good.
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"Marketing problems and strategies for volclay, a waterproofing construction material, in Hong Kong." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885737.
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Ming-CheHsieh and 謝明哲. "A Research of the Green Roof Waterproofing Construction on Reinforced Concrete Building in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99287978189845321081.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
100
With rapid urban development, large area of impermeable pavement has replaced the existing ground surface, which aggravates heat island effect, storm water runoff and air pollution. On the other hand, how to increase urban greening area within a limited land area to mitigate the above problem has become one of the strategies in many countries in recent years. Three-dimensional building greening can facilitate building heat insulation, harmonize buildings with environment, and reduce negative impact of building development on the environment. This study conducted literature review and field investigation. According to previous studies, the existing green roofs can be divided into intensive green roof, simple intensive green roof, and extensive green roof. Next, the construction methods can be divided into built-in place green roof, and modular green roof . Furthermore, the green roof structure is consisted of plant system, drainage system, and waterproofing system . Based on the above classification, this study conducted field investigation on the green roofs in Taiwan to find and analyze waterproof construction methods, and clarify waterproof construction methods for different green roofs. Meanwhile, these methods were compared with foreign methods to find out the differences. In addition, impacts of greening on roof water-proof systems were found and analyzed on the basis of the data from the literature. The findings are as follows: 1.The existing green roofs in Taiwan are mainly extensive green roofs or simple intensive green roofs, with low costs, less maintenance and ecological appearance. They conform to development trend of international green roofs. 2.Green roof waterproofing construction methods are directly correlated with plant system, system weight and humidity. The difference is the mechanisms to resist root penetration (position of root protection barrier). 3.Difference in green roof waterproof construction methods: For different structure layers, green roof waterproofing construction methods are different. （1）When existing building slabs are uses as the structure layer (applied to intensive and extensive green roofs): For intensive green roofs, the mechanism to resist root penetration is located between drainage layer and protection layer (root-resisting, and root- isolation), to prevent destructive roots from penetrating into bottom structure. Materials to resist root penetration include pressure-proof and water proof HDPE membrane and ABS plastic membrane. On the bottom place, rigid PC protection layer is used as pressure-proof buffer. On the other side, the extensive green roof has root protection layer (root resistant) on the water-proof layer, and the material is PP corrugated boards and PE root resistant cushions. Some roofs have root protection layer on the drainage layer. （2）When newly constructed building slabs are uses as the structure layer (applied to simple intensive and extensive green roofs): For simple intensive roof and extensive roof, root protection layer and water proof layer are combined and used as roof protection mechanism (roof resistance) on bottom layer, while the heat-insulation layer and protective layer are used as pressure-proof buffer
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Wu, Ming-Hung, and 吳明鴻. "Model Construction and Gas Transport Simulations on Polymeric Membranes with Extension to Mixed Matrix Membranes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/523449.
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碩士國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
107
In recent years, carbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gases which lead to serious damage to our environment. Therefore, how to capture CO2 has become a global issue. A new type of material, mixed matrixed membranes (MMMs), which is composed of metal-organic framework (MOF) as filler embedded in a polymeric matrix and it can combine the advantages of both components. In this study, Matrimid® 5218 is used as polymeric matrix becaused of its high glass transition temperature, and NH2-MIL-53 is used as filler because of its significant breathing behavior. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) are applied to construct the pure Matrimid models and MMMs models, and NH2-MIL-53 models, respectively. Additionally, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and mean square displacement (MSD) are used to analysis the gas transport mechanism. The pure Matrimid models are divided into three different systems for discussion, which are long, medium, and short chain system. Each system would adopt two different MD procedures to construct the models, which are NPT-NVT loop procedure and 31 MD step procedure. The results show that the long chain system fully exhibits the characteristics of polymer torsion, and as the chain length decrease, this characteristic will gradually disappear, resulting in decrease of free volume, further decreasing the gases adsorption ability. For gases diffusion, due to the gradual reduction of the free volume, the collision between the gases and polymer chain increase, resulting in an increase in gases diffusion. Furthermore, we found that the pure membrane adopting 31 MD step procedure are more reasonable and more in line with the experimental value, and is a more efficient MD method in this study. The narrow pore (NP) and large pore (LP) types of NH2-MIL-53 models are constructed. The results sohw that the amount of gases that can be adsorbed by the LP is higher than that of NP, and the most important influencing factor is the breathing behavior caused by the change of the pore size. Besides, the cluster models of NH2-MIL-53 adoping two different kinds of charge assignment are constructed as the filler to embedded into polymeric matrix. The MMMs models are constructed within different weight loading of NH2-MIL-53. The results show that the gas molecules cannot effectively adsorb in the pores of the clusters, so the gas adsorption performance is not as expected. We speculate that the charge distribution of the clusters makes it cannot retain the original characteristics of NH2-MIL-53. However, we have tried to use the original charge distribution from NH2-MIL-53 to apply on the cluster models. The results show that although the cluster model cannot maintain the electrical neutrality, it can enhance the sorption ability inside the MMMs. Despite the results in this study are not in agreement with the experiment, we can still observe certain trends and systematically discuss the mechanism of film adsorption on gases.
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Fisher, Scott M. "The construction of palladium and palladium-alloy supported membranes for hydrogen separation using supercritical fluid deposition." 2004. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3118298.
Full textAbstract:
The separation of hydrogen from other light gases is of particular importance to the chemical process industry. Membrane based processes offer a cost effective alternative to traditional processing while allowing the combination of separation and reaction in a single unit. Dense palladium or palladium alloy films are a natural choice for hydrogen separation due to their potential infinite selectivity for hydrogen. In this dissertation we investigated the construction of palladium-based supported hydrogen separation membranes using Supercritical Fluid Deposition (SFD). Compared to other deposition methods, SFD offers an effective metal deposition approach for porous materials due to its high precursor solubility, rapid mass transfer, and lack of surface tension. Three palladium precursors were evaluated for membrane construction in terms of thermal stability, reactivity and surface selectivity. Pd-X (X = Ag, Ni, or Cu) co-depositions were studied to determine the potential of SFD for direct alloy deposition. Intrinsic to effective membrane construction is the control of membrane location and thickness. Several different reactor and reactants geometries were utilized to control membrane location. An opposed reactants geometry was used to produce sub-surface membranes at controlled depths (80–600 μm) in porous α-alumina. A same-sided reactants geometry was used to produce surface films ranging in thickness from 100 nm to 5 μm on numerous support materials. Membranes were characterized using a variety of techniques including: SEM, XPS, XRD, EPMA, and gas permeation.