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Journal articles on the topic 'Construction standards'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Yates, Janet K., and Stylianos Aniftos. "International Standards and Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 123, no. 2 (1997): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1997)123:2(127).

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2

Cottingham, Katie. "Proteomics Projects: Metabolomics Standards Initiative: standards under construction." Journal of Proteome Research 6, no. 2 (2007): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr070722q.

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3

Daudova, Laila Kh, and Isa Sh Basnukaev. "THE USE OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS IN CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/10, no. 150 (2024): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.09.10.007.

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The key to applying construction contract standards for construction companies is good work in the field of basic accounting. Currently, the main management problems that exist in the process of implementing construction contract standards by construction enterprises have led to uncontrolled revenue and cost management of engineering projects and serious distortion of accounting information. By improving the basic management system, making full use of accounting supervision and departmental coordination, it is possible to solve the problem of implementing standards for construction contracts a

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Walsh, I. D. "European standards in road construction." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 163, no. 4 (2010): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.900007.

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5

Tong, Y., and Y. Ma. "DIGITAL MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS STUDY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-753-2021.

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Abstract. In the post-epidemic era, with the development of digital information technology, there is an extremely urgent need for the construction of digital museums in the field of cultural and museums. However, there is no unified consensus on the concept, function and form of digital museums at home and abroad. The author believes that digital museums are a special form of traditional physical museums and should give full play to digital features and advantages to meet the needs of online and offline integration. This paper is oriented to the practical problems that exist in the realization

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6

Гордеева, Е. В., Р. В. Тригубенко, А. С. Согоян, et al. "Characteristics of the estimated standards." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 9(122) (October 3, 2020): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.122.9.271.

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Под себестоимостью строительства следует понимать денежные средства на производство стройматериалов. Чтобы рассчитать стоимость, нужно сделать смету, а деньги, потраченные на строительство, назвать сметной стоимостью. На основе сметной стоимости рассчитывается сумма денег, затраченных на строительство, рассчитывается финансирование строительства и стоимость выполнения необходимых работ. В статье рассмотрены основные методы формирования сметы строительства объекта производственного назначения и условия формирования стоимости строительства объекта. The cost of construction should be understood a

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Alimova, D., and M. Perkova. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR GREEN BUILDING." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 8, no. 4 (2023): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-55-66.

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In the 20th century, a new direction of green construction appeared in architecture and construction industry. Green building implies the process of constructing and operating buildings that are environmentally friendly and sustainable, energy efficient, technologically advanced and comfortable for human habitation. Nowadays, many countries have a successful experience in developing and implementing systems to control and encourage green building. The most widespread ecological standards are BREEAM, LEED and DGNB. These main international standards for green certification of buildings are revi

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8

Kagan, Pavel, and Evgeniy Babushkin. "Application of digital standards in construction." E3S Web of Conferences 458 (2023): 07022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345807022.

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The article describes the global trend of industrial transition to the concept of “Industry 4.0” and the prerequisites for its influence on the field of industry standardization, in particular construction. The need to reorganize the current standardization system, which does not keep up with the pace of digital development of production, is outlined. The authors analyzed the modern standard-setting system in the construction industry, identified its main problems, which consist in a large volume of requirements for construction products and processes, an outdated approach to standardization i

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9

Yates, Janet K., and Stylianos Aniftos. "Engineering and Construction Industry Standards Developers." Journal of Management in Engineering 13, no. 3 (1997): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1997)13:3(31).

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10

Bubshait, Abdulaziz A., and Tawfiq H. Al-Atiq. "ISO 9000 Quality Standards in Construction." Journal of Management in Engineering 15, no. 6 (1999): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1999)15:6(41).

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11

Yang, Lei, Hao Yu, and Dongya Wu. "Construction of Internet Plus Standards System." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 22, no. 4 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-sscae-2020.04.018.

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12

LEDERMAN, REGINA P. "Standards for Test Construction and Revision." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 17, no. 1 (1992): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199201000-00015.

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13

Kagan, Pavel Borisovich, and Evgeniy Sergeevich Babushkin. "Prospects for Digital Standards in Construction." Строительное производство, no. 2 (2023): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54950/2658534020232106.

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14

Авилова, Irina Avilova, Крутилова, and Mariya Krutilova. "ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 2, no. 1 (2016): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24024.

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Sustainable development of the construction industry of the country is focused on permanent growth of its energy and resource efficiency, and involves the introduction of the practice of design and economic analysis of the eco-oriented principles of assessment, monitoring and management. Reform in the field of construction pricing and revaluation of the key principles for determining the cost of construction products should be aimed at improving the existing arrangements for the assessment of energy costs and environmental damage in the construction, integration at the legislative level in dev

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Krylov, A. D. "Machine-readable documents in building information modeling standards." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 37, no. 2 (2023): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-151-158.

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Introduction. Since 2021, adoption of building information modeling technologies has become mandatory in constructing objects using information modeling technologies. Processes of constructing buildings and structures have remained unchanged over the past two years. The time-saving effect of digitalization in construction has not been achieved, and the need to develop information models of capital construction objects resulted in additional costs for manual identification of data in the array of regulatory documents and in ignoring most of the existing requirements. Standard technical document

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Ndongo, A. S., N. Malanda, and B. Bahouayila. "State of play on the use of building construction standards in Congo-Brazzaville." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 1 (2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i1.7.

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This work aims to assess the existence and use of local standards in the field of building construction in Congo-Brazzaville. Surveys were carried out among construction companies, design offices and construction control firms operating in the construction industry. The results show that, overall, design offices, control or engineering consulting firms have more knowledge about the existence of construction standards, unlike construction companies. Indeed, it appears from this study that the probability of knowing of the existence of Congolese standards in construction control firms and constr

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Han, Ying, and Xu Feng Tao. "Comparison of Standards for Accessible Design between America and China." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803003.

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Aiming at the accessibility design and environmental constructions of China, comparing the differences of codes for accessibility design between domestic and abroad. It’s including four aspects: the difference in audience of accessible design, content of the facilities, quantitative indexes and vision and hearing accessible design. It analyzed that the early stage of our country is backward in terms of accessibility and construction, mainly based on differences in values and professional education. In the end it put forward three suggestions to improve the construction of barrier-free environm

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Adeyemo, James Oluyemi. "Integrating HSE Management Systems in Construction: Best Practices and Compliance Standards." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 11 (2024): 3804–23. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1124.3307.

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19

LIBRELOTTO, Lisiane, Paulo FERROLI, Helena BÁRTOLO, and Cláudia VASCONCELOS. "CONSTRUÇÃO COM TERRA: PASSADO E FUTURO." IMPACT projects 1, no. 2 (2023): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59279/impact.v1i2.2077.

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This paper presents a research developed with the objectiveof analyzing the use of earth construction in cities of the European (Portugal, France and Germany) and African (Morocco) continents, identifying the documented historical construction techniques and the current technical standards. Inorder to fulfill this objective, it was carried out the photographic record of some constructions, gathering documentary information, construction techniques and current normative standards. The following steps were necessary: constitution of the theoretical referential, visit, photographic record and acq

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20

Wang, Wei, Shoujian Zhang, and Andrew Philip King. "Research on the adoption barriers of the engineering construction standards in China." Structural Survey 34, no. 4/5 (2016): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-02-2015-0010.

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Purpose The engineering construction standards in China play an important role in protecting the safety of the construction projects. They are the basic principles that standardize the construction activities and guarantee the quality of projects. However, there are many barriers that affect the adoption of the engineering construction standards. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the barriers that challenge the adoption of the engineering construction standards in China. Design/methodology/approach The research reveals the barriers that affect the implementation of the eng

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21

Xia, Taiwu, Zhixiang Dai, Zhan Huang, et al. "Establishment of Technical Standard Database for Surface Engineering Construction of Oil and Gas Field." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 2831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102831.

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In recent years, oil and gas field surface engineering construction projects tend to be large in scale, large in quantity, and short in cycle. The task of surface construction management has increased significantly. In the process of project construction, corresponding standards and specifications are required to provide sufficient technical guidance and support for design, construction, and management personnel to ensure project management and control towards compliance, safety, and quality. However, the oil and gas field engineering standards are numerous and specialized, involving different

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22

Souza, Werick Natan Gonçalves de, and José Aparecido de Oliveira Leite. "Standardization and Compliance in Civil Construction: the role of Brazilian standards and regulatory standards." International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology 10, no. 1 (2024): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.70597/ijget.v10i1.546.

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The Industrial Revolution, which took place between the 18th and 19th centuries, spurred the need for standardization and safety in industrial processes, a challenge that the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and, in Brazil, the ABNT have been striving to address since then. The NRs and NBRs (Brazilian Standards) play crucial roles in the safety and efficiency of construction works, encompassing various aspects such as occupational safety, material quality, sustainability, and legal compliance. This paper explores the importance of technical and regulatory standards in Brazi

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23

Китушкин, Д. Я., В. С. Терешин, В. В. Еншов, А. В. Филяева, and И. А. Давыдов. "Implementation of digital standards in construction organizations." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 3(140) (June 17, 2022): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.140.03.268.

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В статье рассматривается вопрос по внедрению цифровых технологий в строительную отрасль. Компания полного строительного цикла и девелоперская компания с функцией строительного подрядчика несут большие расходы на содержание собственного проектного подразделения, строительной базы и профессионального строительного персонала, что снижает их интерес к цифровым технологиям. Строительство уникального здания по оригинальному проекту сложно для компании с полным строительным циклом; цифровые технологии слишком дороги для него. Поскольку застройщики с функцией строительного подрядчика не имеют проектны

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24

Sharp, Matt. "Digitally Proficient Construction." ITNOW 67, no. 1 (2025): 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwaf006.

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25

Sheina, S. G., R. V. Balashev, R. D. Shakhiev, and W. Shixiao. "Standards for Green Roofs in Construction Projects." Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning 4, no. 2 (2025): 117–27. https://doi.org/10.23947/2949-1835-2025-4-2-117-127.

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Introduction. The study seeks to form a structured classification of green roofs essential for systematic development ofpractices of green architecture and natural urbanism in Russian development. The lack of a holistic approach to typologizing such solutions causes difficulties in designing and implementing environmentally oriented technologies. The system developed by the author covers four major characteristics and a set of sub-elements, which allows for a comprehensive description and differentiation of various types of green roofs. Such a classification can serve as an effective tool fors

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26

Levchenko, N. M. "Modification of estimate standards for pricing in construction." Economic Herald of SHEI USUCT 16, no. 2 (2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/2415-3974-2022-16-2-21-29.

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The article states that over the years of independence, the construction industry has gone through a thorny path of trial and error, since at the initial stages of its formation, construction organizations did not have sufficient knowledge and practical skills, they worked according to old, still Soviet standards. At present, the experience of Ukrainian builders is much greater, enriched by the new Estimated Norms of Ukraine in the form of two Guidelines – “Guidelines for determining the cost of construction” and “Guidelines for determining the cost of design, scientific design, survey work an

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27

ROUX, Ph, and J. GRATRAUD. "STANDARDS FOR GREENHOUSES CONSTRUCTION IN FRANCE AND STRUCTURE CALCULATION ACCORDING TO STANDARDS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 281 (July 1990): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.281.15.

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28

Nagara, Muhamad Rizki Nugraha Darma, and Lestari Nurhajati. "The Construction and Adoption of Beauty Standard by Youth Female as the Consumer of K-Beauty Products in Indonesia." Jurnal Riset Komunikasi 5, no. 2 (2022): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.38194/jurkom.v5i2.543.

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Every culture has its own definition of beauty. Culture is concerned with the process of how knowledge shapes individuals in constructing and interpreting their world. The two lines of thought in this thesis are the concept of culture and the amount of consumption of beauty products in Indonesia which focuses on the shift of local beauty products to Korean beauty products by Indonesian women of generation Z. The theory of social reality construction is used to analyze Generation Z female consumers regarding K-beauty products which depict their beauty standards. This research uses constructivis

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Xiaolu, Chen, Yang Yanmei, Bao Wei, et al. "Research on standards and standard system of hydrogen pipeline in China." E3S Web of Conferences 520 (2024): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452004016.

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Pipeline hydrogen transport is one of the main technical paths to achieve large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen energy, and standards are important technical support for pipeline hydrogen transport applications. China’s hydrogen pipeline construction started late, and a relatively complete hydrogen pipeline standard system has been established in the world, but China’s hydrogen pipeline standard system has not been established, the lack of key technical standards and other problems. This paper investigates the current situation of hydrogen transport pipeline standards and the appl

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Bohušová, Hana. "Construction contract revenue recording comparison." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 3 (2008): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856030241.

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Publicly traded companies prepare their consolidated accounts in conformity with the international accounting standards (IAS/IFRS) in accordance with the Regulation No. 1606/2002. This is obliged for all publicly traded joint-stock companies in the Czech Republic. Other companies prepare financial statements in accordance with national accounting standards. There are Accounting Act No. 563/1991 of Coll. and Regulation No. 500/2002 of Coll., Czech Accounting Standards in the Czech Republic. Both systems are based on different principles so there are many differences. The Czech Accounting System

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31

Bielienkova, Olha, Tetiana Tsyfra, and Oleksandr Kazmin. "The system for determining the technical acceptability of construction products – the experience of Europe and Asia." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 56 (December 22, 2023): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2023.56.123-130.

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Determining the technical acceptability of construction products becomes a determining factor that shapes trade, innovation and safety standards. The article reviews the system of determining the technical acceptability of the EU and some Asian countries. The European experience, embodied by the CE marking system, establishes a uniform approach in the EU member states. The importance of studying the European experience is emphasized by the orientation of Ukraine towards joining the EU, which will be facilitated by the transition of the construction sector to European standards. European countr

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Voskresenskaya, Elena, and Lubov Vorona-Slivinskaya. "Development of national standards related to the integrated safety and security of high-rise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303052.

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The article considers the issues of developing national standards for high-rise construction. The system of standards should provide industrial, operational, economic and terrorist safety of high-rise buildings and facilities. Modern standards of high-rise construction should set the rules for designing engineering systems of high-rise buildings, which will ensure the integrated security of buildings, increase their energy efficiency and reduce the consumption of resources in construction and operation.

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33

Tereshchenko, Tatiana, and Serhii Illiash. "EXPERIENCE ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD PAVEMENTS USING THE CLAUSES OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS ON HYDRAULICALLY BOUND MATERIALS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 3 (259) ’ 2019 (October 17, 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-3-259-42-50.

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Hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) are most effectively applied in the base layers of flexible road pavements to enhance their load bearing capacity and also in the base layers of rigid road pavements in the case of weak soils of the sub-grade. The evaluation of Ukrainian standards which are identical to European standards relating HBM leads to the point of subsequent implementation of new requirements trough design and construction of motor roads in Ukraine. The by European standards stated requirements and classification of HBM provide a modelling regime closer to the performance of bound pa

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BOCA, Grațiela Dana, and Gülcan INER. "QUALITY TOOLS USED TO IMPROVE PLASTIC WASTE IN CONSTRUCTION." Review of Management and Economic Engineering 22, no. 3 (2023): 156–69. https://doi.org/10.71235/rmee.34.

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The main challenge today is not plastic, viewed from a material perspective, but the transfer from the linear economic model to the circular model in which goods are produced, used and not disposed of but reused. This model starts from the premise of infinite economic growth and does not take into account the fact that natural resources are limited. There are several ways in which construction plastics can be managed during their life cycle and become truly sustainable products. Quality and price are the elements that complicate plastic recycling. Since plastics are easily adapted to the funct

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Maulana, Irvan, and Harisman Harisman. "Perbuatan Kelalaian Oleh Konsultan Pengawas Konstruksi Atas Bangunan Yang Menyebabkan Kerugian Negara." Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 6, no. 5 (2024): 2010–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v6i5.1088.

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Construction supervision consultants are essential for infrastructure and construction projects that involve public funds. Construction supervision consultants are responsible for ensuring that projects run according to standards, comply with regulations, and reduce the risk of failure or accidents. Negligence committed by construction supervision consultants includes lack of supervision of project implementation to the point of not complying with established quality and safety standards. This study utilizes normative research methods, also known as legal research methods, positive legal resea

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36

Oharriz, Osmay. "Construction of a Three-Component Composite Repair." Materials Performance 49, no. 11 (2010): 54–57. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2010_49_11-54.

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Composite pipeline repairs have been gaining greater acceptance among asset owners and equipment operators. Three-component composite repairs provide an engineered, durable, affordable solution and also comply with international engineering standards. This article provides information on applicable standards, training, key components, and application of these repair systems.

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37

Wang, W. "RESEARCH ON ESTABLISHING A MORE OPEN AND SYSTEMATIC NATIONAL GEO-INFORMATION STANDARD SYSTEM – TAKING CHINA’S GEO-INFORMATION STANDARD SYSTEM AS AN EXAMPLE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2022 (June 2, 2022): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2022-389-2022.

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Abstract. Geo-information can be found, collected, released, shared, stored, combined and applied through geo-information standards. Building geo-information standard system is the basis for a country or organization to carry out the construction of geo-information standards. The excellent geo-information standard system can maximize the effectiveness of all geo-information standards in the system, so as to ensure that new geo-information sources and technical tools can be fully used. According to the analysis on the challenges of the construction of geo-information standards and standard syst

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38

Elsarrag, Esam. "Revealing the Primary Objectives of Green Construction Standards." QScience Proceedings 2012, no. 2 (2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2012.gccenergy.2.22.

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39

McClellan, Sara E., and Bryon G. Gustafson. "Communicating law enforcement professionalization: social construction of standards." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 35, no. 1 (2012): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511211215478.

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40

Noonan, Kevin. "US Supreme Court revises patent claim construction standards." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 14, no. 3 (2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd4564.

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41

Trinius, Wolfram, Christer Sjöström, Dru Meadows, Alison Kinn Bennett, and S. W. Dean. "Sustainability in Building Construction—International Standards in Progress." Journal of ASTM International 4, no. 7 (2007): 101101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai101101.

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42

Raheem, Adeeba A., and Jimmie W. Hinze. "Disparity between construction safety standards: A global analysis." Safety Science 70 (December 2014): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.06.012.

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43

Valdez, Hector E., and Abdol R. Chini. "ISO 14000 Standards and the US Construction Industry." Environmental Practice 4, no. 4 (2002): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046602990058.

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44

Telichenko, Valery, Andrey Benuzh, Guy Eames, Ekaterina Orenburova, and Natalia Shushunova. "Development of Green Standards for Construction in Russia." Procedia Engineering 153 (2016): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.233.

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45

Heng, Raymond B. W., and B. V. A. Rao. "Construction noise standards and the draft Singapore code." Applied Acoustics 18, no. 5 (1985): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(85)90053-2.

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46

Li, Guixia, and Guiping Jiang. "Construction and Planning of Library Service Facilities System Based on Public Digital Culture Education in International Cultural Metropolis." Open House International 44, no. 3 (2019): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0017.

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To study the construction and planning of the library service facility system based on public digital culture teaching in international cultural metropolises, the main body of resources construction, channels, selection criteria, construction standards, user service policies, service methods and service objects of the National Digital Library of Russia were analyzed. The construction foundation, policy support and digital resource construction of the Chinese and Russian national digital libraries were compared. The results showed that the problem of digital copyright was solved while the libra

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Miao, Yu Hai. "Construction Project Quality Evaluation System from Lean Construction Perspective." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4438.

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With economic development and improvement of living standards, people are increasingly demanding high-quality building products. However, due to the drawbacks of traditional quality management methods, it leads to a lot of problems in construction quality management, which affect the quality of the construction project, and even pose a threat to people's lives and property. Construction project quality evaluation system from lean construction perspective in this paper can effectively improve the current situation.

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Omarova, A. T., B. O. Mukanov, and L. M. Dauletbayeva. "Analysis of legal building regulations in Kazakhstan and abroad." Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Law Series” 11830, no. 2 (2025): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.31489/2025l2/35-46.

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Abstract:

The article reviews a large volume of normative literature, and the considered concepts and terminology were applied to three international cases concerning building codes and rules for their application. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the legal aspects of the application of Eurocodes and international building standards in the construction industry of Kazakhstan, identify the degree of harmonization of national legislation with international standards, and assess their impact on ensuring the safety, quality and sustainability of construction projects, taking into acco

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49

Upstill-Goddard, James, Jacqui Glass, Andrew Dainty, and Ian Nicholson. "Implementing sustainability in small and medium-sized construction firms." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 23, no. 4 (2016): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2015-0015.

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Purpose – Construction organisations are becoming increasingly aware of the impacts of their operations, from both an environmental and, more recently, a social viewpoint. Sustainability standards can enable an organisation to evidence a benchmarked level of performance against a particular issue. To date, research on standards has largely focused on the operational and administrative aspects of their enactment, rather than how they might affect – and be appropriated by – organisational actors. The purpose of this paper is to examine how capacity for learning can affect the success of implemen

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50

Student. "STANDARDS FOR ORDINAL SCALES." Pediatrics 79, no. 4 (1987): A105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.4.a105a.

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Ordinal scales are frequently used in clinical trials to quantify outcomes which are non-dimensional [for example 1+ to 4+ system for assessing peripheral oedema].... Guidelines for construction and utilisation of ordinal scales as measures of outcome in clinical trials have not been formulised. In this paper a set of standards are developed.

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