Academic literature on the topic 'Construction Tough'
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Journal articles on the topic "Construction Tough"
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Kwon Ki-Yang and Wonbin Lee. "CP-Predication and Tough-Construction." New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 51, no. 4 (2009): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25151/nkje.2009.51.4.006.
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Tayalati, Fayssal, and Lieven Danckaert. "The syntax and semantics of Modern Standard Arabic resumptive tough-constructions." Folia Linguistica 54, no. 1 (2020): 197–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2031.
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AbstractThis paper is concerned with a hitherto undiscussed type of tough-construction in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Our starting point is the observation that the tough-adjective in this construction invariably displays nominative masculine singular morphology, a pattern of ‘default’ agreement which does not seem to occur elsewhere in the grammar of MSA. At a semantic level, the relevant adjective is argued to form a complex predicate with a deverbal nominalization that acts as its complement: together, these two elements indirectly modify the subject noun phrase. To explain the default agreement pattern, we propose that MSA tough-constructions involve two distinct subjects, viz. a phonologically null expletive subject which controls agreement on the tough-adjective, and a Broad Subject which acts as the semantic subject of the whole construction. We show that there is independent evidence for the existence of both null expletives and Broad Subjects in MSA.
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YOSHINADA, Hiroshi, Yasuyoshi YOKOKOHJI, Keiji NAGATANI, et al. "ImPACT Tough Robotics Challenge Construction Robot." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (2019): 2P1—E02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.2p1-e02.
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Gluckman, John. "The meaning of the tough-construction." Natural Language Semantics 29, no. 3 (2021): 453–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-021-09181-3.
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Wyer, Robert S. "A Personalized Theory of Theory Construction." Personality and Social Psychology Review 8, no. 2 (2004): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0802_14.
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This article describes my personal approach to theory construction. I liken the construction of a theory to the solution of a mathematical puzzle in which the answer is not in the back of the book. I touch on (a) the development of a theoretical perspective, (b) the identification of a specific problem, and (c) the development of a theory to address the problem. The article concludes with the view that in the last analysis, any approach is likely to be fruitful so long as one persists in its use and does not shift gears whenever the going gets tough.
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Gentens, Caroline, and Juhani Rudanko. "The Great Complement Shift and the role of understood subjects: The case of fearful." Folia Linguistica 53, no. 1 (2019): 51–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2019-2004.
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Abstract This article reports on a corpus-based study of diachronic change and constructional competition in the system of English complementation, with a focus on variation in non-finite complements of the adjective fearful. Fearful occurs with prepositional (of -ing) subject-controlled gerunds and with to-infinitives, which can further be distinguished into subject extraposition, subject control, and tough-constructions. Recent decades show a drastic decline of the to-infinitival patterns, concomitant to the loss of one of the senses of fearful. We examine the diachronic distribution and competition of the two construction pairs that show functional overlap, i.e. tough-constructions and extraposition constructions on the one hand, and infinitival and gerundial subject-control patterns on the other. This allows us to show the import of the ‘Great Complement Shift’ in the face of constructional attrition and to investigate new principles motivating the choice for either the to-infinitival or the gerundial subject-control construction. More specifically, the study provides further evidence for the ‘Choice Principle’, which involves the (lack of) agentivity of the understood subject in the event described by the lower clause. In this way, the study adds new explanatory factors and descriptive insights to our knowledge of the broader diachronic change known as the Great Complement Shift.
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Hicks, Glyn. "Tough-Constructions and Their Derivation." Linguistic Inquiry 40, no. 4 (2009): 535–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2009.40.4.535.
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This article addresses the syntax of the notorious tough(-movement) construction (TC) in English. TCs exhibit a range of apparently contradictory empirical properties suggesting that their derivation involves the application of both A-movement and Ā-movement operations. Within previous principles-and-parameters models, TCs have remained “unexplained and in principle unexplainable” (Holmberg 2000:839) because of incompatibility with constraints on θ-role assignment, locality, and Case. This article argues that the phase-based implementation of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2000, 2001, 2004) permits a reanalysis of null wh-operators capable of circumventing the previous theoretical difficulties. Essentially, tough-movement consists of A-moving a constituent out of a “complex” null operator that has already undergone Ā-movement, a “smuggling” construction in the terms proposed by Collins (2005a,b).
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YOSHINADA, Hiroshi, Yasuyoshi YOKOKOHJI, Keiji NAGATANI, et al. "ImPACT Tough Robotics Challenge (TRC) Construction Robot." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (2017): 2A1—P01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.2a1-p01.
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Fleisher, Nicholas. "Rare-class adjectives in the tough-construction." Language 91, no. 1 (2015): 73–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2015.0012.
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YOSHINADA, Hiroshi, Yasuyoshi YOKOKOHJI, Keiji NAGATANI, Masashi KONYO, Atsushi YAMASHITA, and Masayuki TANAKA. "ImPACT Tough Robotics Challenge (TRC) Construction Robot." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2018 (2018): 2A1—J02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2018.2a1-j02.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Construction Tough"
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Lee, Sun-Hee. "A lexical analysis of select unbounded dependency constructions in Korean." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1086106196.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 193 p. : ill. Advisor: Carl Pollard, Dept. of Linguistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-193).
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Ohkado, Kikuyo. "Tough constructions in Japanese." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68127.
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This thesis proposes an analysis of the tough construction in Japanese. It is proposed that there are actually two tough constructions, each derived by a different kind of movement. Three kinds of data which support the claim made here are presented: tough constructions with scrambling, tough constructions with reflexives, and nominals derived from tough constructions. It is argued that non-movement analysis is not appropriate and that both tough constructions are derived by movement. It is shown that tough constructions with a 'tend to' reading can also be accommodated by this analysis. The analysis accounts for a wide range of interactions between tough constructions and other phenomena, which have not been previously focused on in the literature.
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Brillman, Ruth. "Tough constructions in the context of English infinitives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113784.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 229-237).<br>The dissertation was inspired by the question of why subjects cannot undergo tough movement (1). (1) a. Jonathan Franzen is easy for Anneke to criticize b. *Anneke is easy - to criticize Jonathan Franzen. To answer this question, this dissertation proposes that a spec-to-spec anti-locality constraint (in the spirit of Erlewine 2016 and Brillman & Hirsh to appear) limits subject tough movement because the subject tough movement chain is "too short." Brillman & Hirsh's spec-to-spec anti-locality constraint is given in (2). Spec-to-spec anti-locality bans subject tough movement because subject tough movement would need to involve A movement from the embedded spec-TP to the immediately adjacent spec-CP. This movement chain is banned by spec-to-spec anti-locality. (2) Spec-to-Spec Anti-Locality A-movement of a phrase from the specifier of XP must cross a specifier projected by a maximal projection other than XP. Movement from position a to 3 crosses y if and only if y dominates a but does not dominate 3 A spec-to-spec anti-locality analysis of the ban on subject tough movement also provides an explanation for why gapped degree phrases, a syntactic structure that shows many parallels to tough constructions (Lasnik & Fiengo 1974) can license subject movement (3). This dissertation will show that, compared to tough constructions, gapped degree phrases have a structurally "larger" embedded clause, with a DegP layer dominating the CP layer. This DegP layer contains a syntactically and semantically active (but optionally silent) evaluator argument in it's specifier; this argument situates the threshold of the degree predicate, allowing the degree word to be compared to a pre-determined standard. Subject movement within a gapped degree phrase would involve A-movement from spec-TP to spec-DegP, across CP and the evaluator argument in spec-DegP. This movement chain is not banned by spec-to-spec anti-locality. (3) a. Jonathan Franzen is banal [OP EVAL enough for Anneke to criticize -] b. Anneke is intelligent [OP EVAL enough - to criticize Jonathan Franzen] This dissertation will argue that spec-to-spec anti-locality can explain much more than the contrast between how tough constructions and gapped degree phrases treat subject extraction. Particularly, it will propose that anti-locality can explain a wide range of subject/non-subject asymmetries, both within English and cross-linguistically. These include complementizer trace effects, do-support asymmetries in English subject wh-questions, as well as specific subject/non-subject A alternations in Imbabura Quechua, Hebrew and Berber. Finally, this dissertation is also interested in the related question of whether or not tough construction subject/non-subject asymmetries are represented identically across both the adult and child grammars. To that end, this dissertation presents the results of a novel acquisition experiment which shows that children do not represent tough construction extraction asymmetries the same way that adults do. Specifically, these results show that-while adults find subject tough constructions ungrammatical and object tough construction grammatical-children find both subject and object tough constructions ungrammatical. Interestingly, this experiment also shows that children do not have an adult-like representation of argument extraction asymmetries in raising constructions. While the adult grammar only allows for subjects to raise, the child grammar allows both subjects and object to raise. This dissertation will discuss what these results mean, both in terms of how these results relate to previous work on the acquisition of tough and raising and in terms of what these results can tell us about the syntax of tough movement.<br>by Ruth Brillman.<br>Ph. D. in Linguistics
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ROSE, ISABEL LESLIE. "ANOTHER CRACK AT THE TOUGH NUT: A NEW APPROACH TO TOUGH AND OTHER OBJECT-GAP CONSTRUCTIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35142@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES<br>As denominadas construções tough (tough constructions - TCs), como John is easy to please, apresentam o formato superficial [SD COPULA Adj VInf], tendo como característica distintiva o fato de que o SD (sintagma determinante), sujeito do predicado, é interpretado como objeto lógico do verbo no infinitivo. Muitos estudos teóricos examinaram a sintaxe dessa estrutura e as relações semânticas tecidas a partir dela, mas até o momento nenhuma teoria explica de forma satisfatória as TCs e estruturas relacionadas, com objeto lacunado, como pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases e ready predicates. Os objetivos desta dissertação são: (a) discutir, à luz dos dados, as diferentes propostas teóricas para TCs e construções relacionadas, buscando sistematizar nosso conhecimento atual sobre a gramática dessas construções em inglês e em algumas línguas românicas, como o francês, o espanhol, e o romeno; (b) apresentar uma nova abordagem teórica, construída a partir da negação das premissas adotadas em estudos anteriores, sugerindo que, em TCs e estruturas relacionadas, a formação do predicado envolva nominalização e adjunção de projeções máximas, resultando em estruturas simétricas. Na análise proposta, o elo semântico entre o sujeito sintático do predicado e o objeto lógico do verbo no infinitivo se realiza na Forma Lógica, em função da estrutura argumental do verbo nominalizado e da categoria do adjetivo concatenado simetricamente. A modelagem teórica apresentada permite unificar TCs, pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases e ready predicates, propondo que essas construções compartilham os processos de nominalização e de adjunção de projeções máximas, diferenciando-se nas relações semânticas entre seus elementos. Permite também uma explicação mais adequada para o comportamento de for phrases e para o fato de que apenas as TCs (e algumas gapped degree phrases) aparecem em posição prenominal, com uso atributivo.<br>Superficially, tough constructions (TCs) like John is easy to please present the format [DP COPULA A VINF], but their distinctive characteristic is that the subject DP is interpreted as the logical object of the verb in the infinitive. Many theoretical studies have examined the syntactic structure of TCs and the semantic relations supported by that structure, but to date no theory provides a good explanatory description for TCs and related object-gap constructions like pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases, and ready predicates. The objectives of this thesis are (a) to discuss, in light of the data, the different theoretical proposals on TCs and related constructions, providing a systematic overview of current knowledge on the grammar of these constructions in English and a number of Romance languages, such as French, Spanish and Romanian, and (b) to present a new theoretical approach, starting from a contrarian position on the premises adopted in earlier studies. Under the proposed analysis, formation of the predicate in TCs and related constructions involves nominalization of the verb in the infinitive and adjunction of maximal projections, resulting in a symmetrical structure. In this symmetrical structure, the semantic link between syntactic subject and logical object is established at Logical Form, in function of the nominalized verb s argument structure and the category of the concatenated adjective. The theoretical model presented in this thesis unifies TCs, pretty predicates, gapped degree phrases and ready predicates, suggesting that these constructions share the processes of nominalization and adjunction of maximal projections, and differ in the semantic relationships between their elements. It also offers a principled explanation for the behavior of for-phrases in these object-gap constructions and for the fact that only TCs (and some gapped degree phrases) appear prenominally, in attributive use.
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Moreno, Bruna Sanchez 1990. "Tough-constructions e posição de sujeito no português brasileiro." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270841.
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Orientadores: Juanito Ornelas de Avelar, Sonia Maria Lazzarini Cyrino<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:18:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: À luz do Programa Minimalista (Chomsky 1995, 2001, 2004, 2008), o presente trabalho se propõe a examinar orações infinitivas preposicionadas em construções com predicados de natureza adjetival do tipo "difícil/ fácil", denominadas tough-construtions na literatura gerativista. Parte-se da observação de Galves (1987) acerca da ambiguidade que tais sentenças desencadeiam no Português Brasileiro (PB), mas não no Português Europeu (PE), com a finalidade de responder por qual motivo o PB admite a interpretação em que o sujeito nulo da oração encaixada pode ser correferente ao DP na posição de sujeito da oração matriz. A hipótese que orienta este trabalho considera a proposta de Ouali (2008) a respeito de retenção, doação ou compartilhamento de traços-? na relação entre os núcleos C(omplementizador) e T(empo) para apontar que, no PB, a preposição "de" introdutora da oração infinitiva é um C que pode reter ou compartilhar traços-? com T. Esse núcleo funciona, nesse sentido, como uma fonte provedora de Caso, licenciando um pronome nulo pro como argumento externo da oração encaixada, o qual pode ser correferente ao sujeito da oração matriz. O mesmo não se aplica ao PE, cuja única categoria permitida como sujeito da oração infinitiva é um PRO arbitrário, tendo em vista que, nessa gramática, o núcleo C introdutor da oração infinitiva em tough-constructions não é uma fonte provedora de Caso<br>Abstract: In light of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2001, 2004, 2008), this study aims to examine infinitive sentences introduced by a preposition in constructions centered in a "hard / easy" predicate, so-called tough-constructions in the generative literature. This dissertation assumes Galves¿ observation (1987) about the ambiguity triggered by such sentences in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), but not in European Portuguese (EP), in order to account for the reasons why BP admits the interpretation in which the null subject of the embedded non-finite sentence can be correferent to the DP in subject position in the matrix sentence. The present hypothesis that guides this work considers Ouali (2008) in regard to to keeping, donating or sharing the ?-features between C(omplementizer) and T(ense) to point out that, in BP, the preposition "de", which introduces the infinitive sentence, is a C that can keep or share its features with T. In this sense, this C provides Case to a null pronoun pro, licensed as external argument in the embedded sentence and correferent to the subject in the matrix sentence. The same does not apply to EP, which just allows an arbitrary PRO as the subject of the non-finite sentence, given that, in this grammar, the introducer C of the infinitive sentence in tough-constructions does not assign Case to any element in Spec-T<br>Mestrado<br>Linguistica<br>Mestra em Linguística
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TURRINI, VALENTINA. "TOUCH, ENGINEERED: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF HAPTIC INTERFACES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/75451.
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Le interfacce aptiche, ovvero le tecnologie che trasmettono delle sensazioni tattili digitalizzate, si stanno diffondendo in vari contesti sociali come telerobotica, comunicazione mobile, arte, videogiochi e cinema. Queste tecnologie stanno permettendo agli ingegneri di realizzare qualcosa mai fatto prima: la digitalizzazione del tatto (che ora può quindi essere registrato e mediatizzato). L’obbiettivo di questa tesi è di decostruire il tatto digitalizzato come un artefatto tecnologico socialmente costruito, il quale sta prendendo forma in un sistema di pratiche interrelate performate da attori in campi disparati della conoscenza. Questi attori si muovono all’interno e attorno ad una comunità di ingegneri apticisti.
Adottando un approccio ispirato alla grounded theory, sono stati raccolti dati qualitativi attraverso interviste presso un campo etnografico multi-situato composto da laboratori europei e conferenze internazionali, in cui la conoscenza riguardo il tatto è collettivamente creata e condivisa. Due framework teorico-metodologici sono stati presi in considerazione: la tradizione dei Science and Technology Studies (STS) è stata scelta come principale guida metodologica; in seguito, l’intreccio tra pratiche sociali e tecnologie è stato approfondito attraverso una prospettiva practice-based tipica della cosiddetta ‘practice theory’.
Al fine di cogliere il processo in corso di costruzione sociale e flessibilità che caratterizzano il tatto digitalizzato, lo studio si è concentrato sull'assenza di standardizzazione che caratterizza gli aspetti sia hardware che software di questa tecnologia emergente. Inoltre, è stata prestata attenzione alla distinzione controversa e scivolosa tra feedback tattile simbolico e realistico usata nel gergo degli apticisti. Infine, sono stati analizzati i diversi significati, o potenzialità d'uso, che gli intervistati attribuiscono a questa tecnologia. Questi significati si collegano a specifici immaginari sociotecnici geograficamente situati, ad ampi discorsi sociali riguardo l’innovazione tecnologica, e a diverse visioni riguardo le pratiche che possono beneficiare dell’implementazione di queste interfacce.<br>Devices that provide tactile feedback, called haptic interfaces, are spreading in various contexts such as tele-robotics, prosthetics, videogames, mobile communication, and arts. These technologies are allowing engineers to accomplish something never done before: the digitization of touch (which can now be stored and mediatized). This dissertation aims to deconstruct the digitized touch as a socially constructed technological product, emerging from a system of interrelated practices enacted by actors performing in disparate fields which revolve around the community of haptics engineers.
Using a grounded-theory inspired approach, qualitative data were collected through interviews in a multi-sited ethnographic field consisting in European laboratories and international conferences, where knowledge about touch is collectively created and shared. Two theoretical-methodological frameworks have been taken into consideration: the tradition of Science and Technology Studies (STS) has been chosen as the main methodological guide; moreover, the interlacements between social practices and technology have been deepened through the adoption of a practice-based perspective proposed by different approaches in social sciences gathered under the umbrella term ‘practice theory’.
In order to grasp the ongoing process of social construction and flexibility that characterize digitized touch, the study focused on the absence of standardization involving both hardware and software aspects of this emerging technology. Furthermore, attention has been paid to the controversial and slippery distinction between ‘symbolic’ and ‘realistic’ tactile feedback which is used in engineers’ jargon. Finally, the different meanings or potentialities of use, which respondents attributed to this technology, have been analysed. These meanings are connected to geographically located socio-technical imaginaries, to broad social discourses about technological innovation, and to different visions regarding the practices that can benefit from the implementation of these interfaces.
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Elena, Soare Negoita. "Le supin roumain et la théorie des catégories mixtes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149608.
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Cette thèse étudie la distribution et les propriétés de la forme appelée "supin" dans la grammaire traditionnelle du roumain, dans le cadre de la grammaire générative et dans une démarche comparative. Dans l'analyse proposée, le supin et le participe roumain sont un seul item lexical. Le statut du supin n'est pas mixte, mais verbal ou nominal en fonction du contexte. On montre que le participe - supin y compris - repose sur une opération d'externalisation de l'argument interne, qui se réalise différemment selon les environnements syntaxiques. Cette proposition sert aussi à expliquer certaines propriétés spéciales de la nominalisation du participe. On étudie le statut des domaines maximaux du supin: Groupe Prépositionnel ou Proposition non finie, et la structure des propositions participiales dont le "supin verbal" est générateur, qui sont d'un type particulier, à statut d'argument ou de prédicat.
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Kelly, Ryan John. "Accessible multi-touch systems: the construction and applications of a low-cost multi-touch display." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1303495186.
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Mercer, David F. "Framing the unorthodox, the discursive construction of Therapeutic Touch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/MQ49409.pdf.
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Tinaut, Maria. "Construction of an album for oneself." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4818.
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My work focuses on the construction and validation of images assembled from fragments of found photographs, generating new narratives that hover between “reality” and fiction. Archive and Fiction: Construction of the past and the self is the result of two years of artwork exploring my family archives and my relationship to my family through them. I understand the family as a place of identity in continuous change, serving as a container of history and memory. Conceiving of my family albums as material allows me to approach my family history as a visitor. Mediated memory and constructed memory intertwine in the family album, a linear format that also inadvertently reveals gaps, both temporal and contextual. By understanding how photography’s authority constructs personal and family identity, I seek to undermine this authority, using photography’s “realness” against itself to create alternative narratives of within which I can belong.
Books on the topic "Construction Tough"
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Solakian, Susan. The homeowner's guide to managing a renovation: Tough-as-nails tactics for getting the most from your money. Sterling, 2008.
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illustrator, Price Nicola (Designer), ed. Building site: W ith touch-and-feel tabs. DK Publishing, 2015.
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Tatchi paneru: Kaihatsu gijutsu no shinten = Touchpanels : progress of exploitation technologies. Shīemushī Shuppan, 2009.
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Borzyh, Stanislav. Theory of the possible. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1074108.
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In this book, we are talking about a single principle that permeates every organized entity, regardless of what sphere it belongs to. Everywhere and always, and in accordance with the current circumstances, the process of formation, support and regulation of any complex complexes and ensembles is guided and controlled by the concept of the realizable, which postulates that only what is stable and stable will be realized, and everything else will be discarded as untenable and unbalanced. These patterns and patterns can be traced resolutely at all levels of existence. And the universe, and life, and consciousness, and mind, and culture are arranged and assembled according to these schemes, because it is difficult, if possible, for them to be any other. This paper provides an overview of this type of layout in these areas, as well as the theory of the achievable and accessible itself. Using examples and theoretical considerations, it is shown that the configuration of all reliable and long-lasting structures is approximately the same or very similar, because it obeys a single end-to-end logic of the formation of any similar substances, whatever they touch and wherever they are found. In addition, it is demonstrated that if something in this spirit is objectified in practice, then its nature and properties must be fundamentally the same as what we observe around or extremely close to it. Finally, the view is argued and developed, according to which everything consists of matter, is constituted by it, is reduced only to it, including any non-physical phenomena. It is concluded that all the wealth of the world is subject to the same laws of its construction, and all this construction observes the universal rules of the functioning of complex things, no matter what they are aimed at. For all those interested in philosophy.
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(Illustrator), Dave Desforges, and Bill Alger (Illustrator), eds. Tough Trucks: The Bulldozer. Scholastic, 2003.
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(Illustrator), Alan Witschonke, ed. The Hoover Dam: The Story of Hard Times, Tough People and The Taming of a Wild River (Wonders of the World Book). Mikaya Press, 2006.
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Mann, Elizabeth. The Hoover Dam: The Story of Hard Times, Tough People and The Taming of a Wild River (Wonders of the World Book). Mikaya Press, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Construction Tough"
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Havu, Jukka, and Mikko Höglund. "A Cross-Linguistic Perspective on Complementation in the Tough Construction." In Perspectives on Complementation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137450067_4.
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Engelhardt, Miriam. "Nominal Tough-Constructions." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0351-3_7.
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Goodwin, Marjorie Harness. "The interactive construction of a hug sequence." In Touch in Social Interaction. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003026631-2.
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Giurgea, Ion. "Romanian tough-constructions and multi-headed constituents." In Romance Linguistics 2013. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rllt.9.07giu.
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Canac Marquis, Réjean. "The distribution ofàanddein tough constructions in French." In Grammatical Theory and Romance Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.133.04can.
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Harrold, Christopher. "Touch, See, Hear, Smell, Taste." In Practical Smart Device Design and Construction. Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5614-5_7.
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Pabst, Eckhard. "Gazing and Constructing: Imag(in)ing Madeleine in Vertigo." In Reassessing the Hitchcock Touch. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60008-6_6.
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Ikeya, Akira. "Tough constructions of Japanese and English in HPSG framework." In Discourse and Meaning. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.78.35ike.
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Reiner, Miriam. "The Image of Touch: Construction of Meaning and Task Performance in Virtual Environments." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2754-3_4.
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Roupé, Mattias, Mikael Johansson, Laura Maftei, Rikard Lundstedt, and Mikael Viklund-Tallgren. "Seamless Integration of Multi-touch Table and Immersive VR for Collaborative Design." In Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00220-6_32.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Construction Tough"
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Zhang, Yafeng. "Acquisition of English Tough Construction by Chinese Learners of English as Second Language." In 2017 International Conference on Culture, Education and Financial Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccese-17.2017.83.
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Buszynski, Mario E. "Securing Pipeline Approvals in a Tough Regulatory Environment." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10478.
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The Regional Municipality of York is located immediately north of the City of Toronto. It is the fastest growing municipality in Ontario. The rapid expansion of residential, industrial and commercial development in the municipality has led to a weakness in the electrical and gas infrastructure. The Ontario Power Authority (the agency responsible for managing the power requirements in the Province of Ontario) has recognized this weakness and has developed plans calling for a new gas-fired generating station and improvements to the electrical grid. The shortages of gas supply and electricity have not developed overnight. Hydro One, which runs the electrical grid, initiated a supply study in 2002. The study recommended upgrading a 115 kV transmission line to a double circuit 230 kV transmission line on the existing corridor. The ensuing public outcry resulted in the municipality passing a resolution against the upgrade. Similarly, a large gas-fired generating station proposal was abandoned as the result of citizen opposition. In 2003, the Ontario Energy Board approved new Environmental Guidelines for the Location, Construction and Operation of Hydrocarbon Pipelines and Facilities in Ontario. The guidelines include specific new requirements for planning pipelines in urban areas. Among other things, these requirements involve the identification of indirectly affected landowners and a more detailed analysis of public issues and how they were resolved. It became clear that in order to achieve regulatory success, not only would the public have to become actively engaged in the decision-making early in the process, the technical reviewers (federal, provincial and municipal agencies) would likewise have to be actively involved. Through the use of two case studies of proposed large-diameter natural gas pipelines initiated in York Region in 2005, this paper describes the techniques used to engage the public and the regulators. It also describes how the public involvement requirements contained in the Ontario Energy Board’s new guidelines were incorporated into the planning process. The case studies begin with a rationale for the study area selected. A description of issues follows. The techniques used to address these issues and the success of the program are documented. Techniques include face-to-face project initiation meetings, use of technical and citizens’ advisory committees, sub-committee meetings to resolve specific issues and site-specific field work. The study results illustrate that it is possible to plan a right-of-way in such a manner as to satisfy the general public and regulators, be compatible with existing development, conform to the new Ontario Energy Board guidelines and minimize the amount of remedial work required to mitigate the impacts occurring on and adjacent to the right-of-way.
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Hessler, Peter G. "Construction Management for Today’s Power Plant Outage (Or, How to Keep Those Shut-Downs on Target)." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40190.
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Today’s power plant outages are much more time, quality and dollar sensitive than ever before. At $600,000 of lost revenues per calendar day, along with the multi-million dollar outage costs for a 500 MW unit while out of service, today’s owners want to know that everything possible is being done to return their units back on-line, on target. It is the outage manager, working in close concert with his labor force and outside contractors, who is usually charged with making this happen. His job is tough, it’s stressful and in these days of leaner staffs, he needs all of the support he can get. That’s the objective of this paper, to offer him that support and ideas on how to keep those shut-downs on target. In this paper, outage management skills are addressed, from the perspective of the owner and his general contractor as well as from their various contractors’ perspectives. Starting with the initial specification development, the bidding process is reviewed. Then, the structuring of the construction contract is discussed with the objective of devising a win-win document. Properly setting up the site operations and then managing the work within the constraints of the originally defined scope, schedule and budget are reviewed. And finally, specific tools and techniques are introduced to keep the plan in focus. Managing a power plant outage can be a daunting undertaking and if not properly managed, from the conceptual phase right through to the final completion, the outage target dates will never be assured. However, this paper shows that if properly structured and properly managed, a very successful project can result.
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Kang, Inyong, Sangho Yoon, Gyujong Bae, et al. "Preparatory Tests for 1kW Diesel-Powered SOFC Systems." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65096.
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High operating temperature of SOFCs can make internal reforming effective as well as inhibit CO poison over the Ni-based anode. Therefore, SOFCs give us a wide range of fuel choice. In this study, diesel known as a very tough fuel for fuel cell applications was chosen as the SOFC fuel. Our final goal is to develop the 1kWe diesel-powered SOFC systems for residential power generation purpose. Before the system construction, we have drawn a few engineering and scientific problems from the bench tests of reformer and stack. Most of all, coke formation in the reformer and stack was very serious. Coking in the diesel reformer was greatly associated with fuel delivery process in our micro-reactor tests, which was more serious in scaled-up reformer. With several fundamental tests, the prototype construction of 1kWe SOFC system is in progress. Essentially, all heat-related components (e.g. stack, reformer, heat exchanges, after-burner) were installed inside one chamber, so called ‘hot box’. The design was mainly focused on thermal sustenance. In a 6-cell stack test using sulfur-free synthetic diesel, the system initially showed the power of ∼110We at average 0.8V of the cells. But, there was severe coke formation after a few hours operation.
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Caballero, Guillermo, Rajeswary Kandasamy, Omar E. Vilchez, et al. "Creative and Collaborative Engineering Delivers the Fastest Well in an Upper Miocene Reservoir, Shallow Water Field in The Gulf of Mexico." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21820-ms.
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Abstract This paper will detail the engineering strategies utilized from design and planning stage up to and beyond the field execution stage which resulted in drilling the fastest well in a shallow water field, delivering superior drilling performance and successfully targeting the Upper Miocene (tertiary) reservoir in Mexico. From the 9 wells drilled in this field, the fastest well "Y"-200 was drilled with an average well construction index of 179 m/day when compared to the field average of 54.2 m/day. This shallow water field manifests several specific challenges which include tough drilling conditions, fluid property and hydraulic management, logging constraints and critical selection of casing setting depths. In order to enhance the drilling performance results to lower costs and improve production timelines, the project team performed a deep-dive into the well challenges and engaged with multi disciplinary teams and service providers to brainstorm different design improvements and operational practices. By doing so, the performance accelerates the 6000 to 9000 bbls of initial production estimated per well. The application of these creative engineering ideas proves that change, when applied correctly can really create lasting and proven improvements in drilling performance.
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Aumuller, John J., Jie Chen, and Vincent A. Carucci. "A Rational Methodology for Determination of Service Life for a Delayed Coker Drum." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45028.
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Delayed unit coker drums operate in a severe service environment that precludes long term reliability due to excessive shell bulging and cracking of shell joint and shell to skirt welds. Thermal fatigue is recognized as the leading damage mechanism and past work has provided an idealized description of the thermo-mechanical mechanism via local hot and cold spot formation to quantify a lower bound life estimate for shell weld failure. The present work extends this idealized thermo-mechanical damage model by evaluating actual field data to determine a potential upper bound life estimate. This assessment also provides insight into practical techniques for equipment operators to identify design and operational opportunities to extend the service life of coke drums for their specific service environments. A modern trend of specifying higher chromium and molybdenum alloy content for drum shell material in order to improve low cycle fatigue strength is seen to be problematic; rather, the use of lower alloy materials that are generally described as fatigue tough materials are better suited for the high strain-low cycle fatigue service environment of coke drums. Materials such as SA 204 C (C – ½ Mo) and SA 302 B (C – Mn – ½ Mo) or SA 302 C (C – Mn – ½ Mo – ½ Ni) are shown to be better candidates for construction in lieu of low chromium alloy steel materials such as SA 387 grades P11 (1¼ Cr – ½ Mo), P12 (1 Cr – ½ Mo), P22 (2¼ Cr – 1 Mo) and P21 (3 Cr – 1 Mo).
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Slewa, Muna. "Crystalline Phase Change due to High Speed Impact on A36 Steel." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24394.
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Abstract The well-known industrial standard called A36 alloy steel is an iron-based alloy that has many applications due to its ability to be easily machined and welded. The alloy has less than 0.3% carbon by weight and is therefore considered a low carbon alloy. Because of this low carbon content, the alloy is useful as a general-purpose steel. It is altogether strong, tough, ductile, weldable, and formable. It is used in the construction of bridges, buildings, automobiles, and heavy equipment as well as in the construction industry. A36 steel also contains small amounts of other elements including manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon. These elements are added to give the steel alloy desired mechanical and chemical properties. The A36 steel alloy gets the number 36 in its name because of its yield strength. The steel, in most to all configurations, will have a yield strength of a minimum of 36,000 pounds per square inch. This shows high ductility in the material. The physical characteristics and molecular structure of A36 steel are also well known. However, there is little known about the effect of high-velocity impact on the crystalline structure and material phase of this metal alloy. Sections of approximately 90 × 90 square microns were cut off the test samples, keeping with the required standards for surface finish. These surfaces were examined and analyzed after impact. The surface sections were selected from a range of areas including those immediately under the impact crater to locations not physically affected by the impact. Three different impact speeds were applied, and the prepared samples were examined. An EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) imaging microscope is used to examine the crystalline structure of the test sample post-impact. Most metals crystallize in one of three prevalent structures: body-centered cubic (BCC), hexagonal close-packed (HCP), or face-centered cubic (FCC). Since these crystalline structures are the most expected lattice formations, the samples are examined post impact for changes in the allocation of molecular structure. The results were then tabulated according to the regions relative to the impact crater. In previous research, results show that post-impact inspection of HCP phase change, in iron specifically, is completely and rapidly reversible during impact. However, in this study, traces of HCP were found at some locations in all stages of post-impact. This study also found that the BCC crystalline structure remained the dominant phase structure after impact. This is true with all test samples and all levels of shock loading.
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Okamoto, Masahiro, and Kazuya Murao. "Construction of a device that automatically generates various touch interactions." In UbiComp '19: The 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3343762.
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Rando, Thomas C., Heidi L. Preston, and Joseph E. Rossi. "Reducing Shipbuilding Touch Labor Costs with Augmented Reality." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-236.
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Automation has yielded significant savings in the processes of ship design and engineering, and fabrication and manufacturing. However, there remains one area of the shipbuilding life cycle that has seen very little benefit from automation: the processes of installation and outfitting. The installation/outfitting phase of ship construction even today relies on the skill of a human mechanic. Installation work is non-repetitive and typically involves human judgment. Of the substantial number of installation/outfitting person-hours expended per ship about 10 to 15% of that time is spent in the process of locating: putting a component in its correct location within the ship. In shipbuilding, as with Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC), location on the ship means location with respect to a global (or ship’s) coordinate system. This requirement drives the location cost because conforming locations are to the virtual ship’s coordinate system. Thus, locations are based on milestones of the ship coordinate system, which may be remote from the location of the component to be installed. Setting up such reference locations is a time-consuming operation. This paper describes an application of Augmented Reality (AR), the ARmetage system, that is designed to streamline the installation/outfitting process.
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Allameh, Seyed. "On the Development of a 3D Printer for Combinatorial Structural Composite Research." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50962.
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Bioinspired materials have enabled the fabrication of tough lightweight structures for load- and impact-bearing applications of which an example is fiber-reinforced plastics use in aerospace. If applied to the field of construction, biomimicked composites can save lives, otherwise lost to earthquakes and other disasters that cause collapse of buildings. The main culprit is the low resistance of structures exposed to dynamic shear stresses, typical of earthquakes. Recent work on the application of biomimicry to structural composites has clearly shown the advantage of these materials in resisting dynamic shear. Adding natural or synthetic reinforcement fibers may alleviate the need for conventional steel rebars and make it possible to print buildings by conventional 3D printing technology. The main hurdles are to find the right type of composite that is compatible with 3D printing and the right process for deposition of such material. In the past, combination of carbon fiber, glue and concrete has been demonstrated to enhance the toughness of resulting structural composites. Inspired by the microstructure of oyster and mother of pearl, layering of these materials mitigates the localization of deformation by distributing the imposed displacement over a large area. The intricate structure of these layers, and the minute details of the interfaces are important for affecting good dynamic shear resistance. In nacre, a partial slip of sandwiched layers occurs before it stops and deformation is transferred to the adjacent area. This energy-absorption capability underlies the high-toughness behavior of nacre and similar structures. By mimicking nacre, bone and tooth, it is possible to benefit from their good properties, however, it is important to determine the type of material, layering scheme, geometry, and other factors that affect mechanical properties. A recently-developed medium-sized 3D printer was developed to deposit structural materials. These include cement, plaster, polymer and clay. Combinatorial structural composite research (CSCR) comprising the simultaneous fabrication and characterization of multiple specimens with different microstructures allows fair comparison of mechanical properties of various structural composites. Novel application of deposition techniques to the extrusion of plaster, cement and clay paves the way to layer these materials along with glue and fibers in desired schemes. Use of ANOVA tables in the selection of various types of ceramics, polymers and reinforcement materials for the fabrication of different composites will be discussed. In addition to selection of the type of the materials, deposition schemes such as those of solid and hollow structures, different layer thickness applications, and the effect of timing will be elucidated. Microscopy conducted on the fractured surfaces enables the investigation of the mechanisms of fracture and failure for these CSCR composites. The details of experiments conducted, microscopy performed and the results of mechanical tests will be presented.