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Academic literature on the topic 'Constructions à ossature de bois – Mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constructions à ossature de bois – Mathématiques"
Tremblay-Auclair, Jean-Philippe. "Développement d’une méthode de calcul parasismique pour les bâtiments multiétagés à ossature légère en bois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26757.
Full textThe main objective of the research project is to develop a seismic design methodology for mid-rise multi-storey light-frame wood structure. Currently, linear dynamic analysis (LDA) is rarely used in design of light-frame wood structures because of the complexity of modelling the non linear behaviour. Equivalent static force procedure (ESFP) is mostly used because of its simplicity. The study is based on a recently developed methodology using an iterative process to simulate non linear behaviour of light-frame wood structure in LDA. In the proposed methodology, the iterations are eliminated by using the minimum shear stiffness of shear walls. To validate the proposed simplification, shear force distributions, overturning moments, interstorey drifts and total inelastic deflections of shear walls with different aspect ratios, from 0.6 to 6.0, in six-, four- and two-storey buildings located in Quebec City were calculated and compared against the results obtained with iterative LDA and with ESFP. The results show that ESFP underestimates the storey shear at the top floor and overestimates the overturning moment at the base of a multi-storey light-frame wood structure in comparison with LDA. The results show that the simplified LDA can be used to optimize the design of mid-rise light-frame wood shear walls.
André, Nicolas. "Méthodologie d'analyse mécanique des structures bois du patrimoine : application à la réhabilitation d'un beffroi." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12683.
Full textPreservation of the cultural heritage is an important issue in European countries. Actually, only visual inspection (use of basic tools) and common sense of the surveyor are used to diagnose an old timber structure. In this work, we emphasized the construction of a sharp and fitted mechanical model for each old timber structure diagnosed. Thus, we developed a mechanical analysis methodology based on: ? finite element modelling of the structure, ? determination of the model's influential parameters by design of experiment,? in situ identification of these parameters by NDE tests: - direct,- optimized by the genetics algorithms. We validated this methodology by renovating a wooden bell-tower
Payeur, Mario. "Influence des charges verticales sur les performances latérales des murs de refend en bois à ossature légère." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28074/28074.pdf.
Full textIn light-frame buildings, it is diaphragms and shear walls that transfer the lateral forces to the foundation through shear and hold-down restraint. The use of hold-down anchoring devices limits the overturning and therefore improves the lateral resistance of the system. However, these anchors are rarely used in the traditional light-frame construction and the lateral resistance of such systems is largely unknown. One of the factors limiting the overturning of partially restrained walls is the action of the vertical loads. A study was performed at the Laval University aiming at the determination of the influence of the vertical load applied to a wall on its lateral performance. The experimentation program consisted of 43 static and cyclic racking tests on full-size light-frame walls with and without hold-downs. The walls were 2.44-m tall and 2.44-m and 4.88-m long fully sheathed with OSB panels on one side. Three intensities of the vertical dead load were applied to walls without hold-downs: roof load, one storey load and load needed to prevent any overturning (corresponding to a fully restrained wall). Three 4.88-m long walls with hold-downs were tested under one storey load. Control specimens of each configuration were tested without vertical load according to relevant ASTM standards. Results show that application of vertical loads improves maximum capacity of non-anchored walls regardless the load protocol. A comparison of various methods of calculation of the lateral resistance of walls under combined loads was done using experimental verification. The results show that the CSA-O86 method is conservative for low vertical loads, but seems to overestimate the lateral capacity up to 10% for higher loads. The Källsner method is the most conservative. Overall, the design methods give reasonable estimate of the capacity of non-anchored walls used in practice. The calculation of the wall deflections proposed by CSA-O86 was also verified. This formula seems to overestimate the rigidity of non-anchored walls. To stay conservative, a note should be added to the definition of nail deformation, en, indicating that the load per nail should be the one observed for an anchored wall. This formulation is based on the assumption that all sheathing-to-bottom plate nails reach its ultimate capacity. Finally, it was observed that increasing the vertical load decreases the amount of uplift of the chords and therefore increases the work of the nails along the perimeter of the panel, which allows greater rotation of the panels about the frame.
Piot, Amandine. "Hygrothermique du bâtiment : expérimentation sur une maison à ossature bois en conditions climatiques naturelles et modélisation numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440510.
Full textBlondin, Frédéric, and Frédéric Blondin. "Caractérisation du risque incendie de la paille compressée comme isolant d'une structure en bois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34458.
Full textDe nombreux programmes de construction écologique ont vu le jour depuis la dernière décennie visant à promouvoir la construction de bâtiments plus durables. Considérant que les matériaux biosourcés peuvent aider à réduire l’empreinte environnementale des bâtiments, il est judicieux d’en étendre leur utilisation. Un récent engouement s’est créé pour les sous-produits de culture céréalière en guise de remplacement aux fibres isolantes non renouvelables dans les structures en bois. De nombreux chercheurs ont étudié certaines isolations naturelles alternatives utilisées de nos jours. En comparaison aux matériaux d’isolations commerciaux, ces matériaux ont un impact environnemental remarquablement faible. Dans cette optique, l’utilisation de la paille compressée comme isolant offre un très faible impact dans l’analyse de son cycle de vie. Cependant, la sécurité incendie a toujours été une grande préoccupation pour les constructeurs utilisant des matériaux naturels combustibles. L'objectif de cette étude est de documenter le risque incendie de la paille compressée lorsqu'elle est utilisée comme matériau isolant dans des assemblages à ossature en bois. Trois densités de paille comprimée (75, 125 et 175 kg/m3) ont été sélectionnées pour évaluer leurs propriétés de combustion et leur conductivité thermique, en essayant de déterminer laquelle avait la meilleure combinaison de propriétés. La paille de la densité sélectionnée a ensuite été comparée aux matériaux d'isolation combustibles disponibles sur le marché pour comparer leur risque d'incendie. Par la suite, cet isolant de même densité a été testé dans un assemblage à ossature en bois à moyenne échelle pour évaluer l'impact de sa charge combustible comparativement à un matériau d'isolation incombustible. Les résultats ont démontré que la paille compressée d'une densité de 75 kg/m3 avait les meilleures propriétés de combustion et d'isolation. Les résultats suggèrent que la paille compressée aurait très probablement un meilleur comportement au feu par rapport à ceux des matériaux d'isolation combustibles disponibles sur le marché. Malgré la nature combustible de la paille compressée, l'impact de sa charge combustible dans un système de construction en bois a été moins important que prévu. Les propriétés de combustion de la paille compressée étant moins dangereuses que les matériaux d'isolation combustibles disponibles sur le marché, ainsi que l'impact de sa charge calorifique dans une structure à ossature de bois, l'utilisation de ce matériau comme isolant principal dans un bâtiment est, par bonne conception, gérable sans augmenter les risques
Many green building programs have emerged since the last decade to promote the construction of more sustainable buildings. Considering those biobased materials can help reduce the environmental footprint of buildings, it is wise to expand their use. A recent craze has emerged for cereal crop byproducts as a substitute for nonrenewable insulation fibers in wood structures. Many researchers have studied some of the alternative natural insulation materials used today. Compared to commercial insulation materials, these materials have a remarkably low environmental impact. In this context, the use of compressed straw as insulation offers a very low impact in the analysis of its life cycle. However, fire safety has always been a big concern for builders using natural combustible materials. The objective of this study is to document the fire hazard of compressed straw when it is used as an insulating material in wood frame assemblies. Three compressed straw densities (75, 125 and 175 kg/m3) were selected to evaluate their combustion properties and thermal conductivity, in attempt to determine which had the best combination of properties. The selected density straw was then compared to commercially available combustible insulation materials to compare their fire risk. Subsequently, this same density straw was tested in a medium-scale wood frame assembly to evaluate the impact of its fuel load comparatively to a non-combustible insulation material. The results showed that compressed straw with a density of 75 kg/m3 had the best properties of combustion and insulation. The results suggest that compressed straw would most likely have better fire performance compared to combustible insulation materials available on the market. Despite the combustible nature of the compressed straw, the impact of its fuel load in a wooden construction system was less than expected. Because the burning properties of compressed straw are less hazardous than commercially available combustible insulation materials and the impact of its heat load in a wood frame structure, the use of this material as an insulator in a building is, by design, manageable without increasing risks.
Many green building programs have emerged since the last decade to promote the construction of more sustainable buildings. Considering those biobased materials can help reduce the environmental footprint of buildings, it is wise to expand their use. A recent craze has emerged for cereal crop byproducts as a substitute for nonrenewable insulation fibers in wood structures. Many researchers have studied some of the alternative natural insulation materials used today. Compared to commercial insulation materials, these materials have a remarkably low environmental impact. In this context, the use of compressed straw as insulation offers a very low impact in the analysis of its life cycle. However, fire safety has always been a big concern for builders using natural combustible materials. The objective of this study is to document the fire hazard of compressed straw when it is used as an insulating material in wood frame assemblies. Three compressed straw densities (75, 125 and 175 kg/m3) were selected to evaluate their combustion properties and thermal conductivity, in attempt to determine which had the best combination of properties. The selected density straw was then compared to commercially available combustible insulation materials to compare their fire risk. Subsequently, this same density straw was tested in a medium-scale wood frame assembly to evaluate the impact of its fuel load comparatively to a non-combustible insulation material. The results showed that compressed straw with a density of 75 kg/m3 had the best properties of combustion and insulation. The results suggest that compressed straw would most likely have better fire performance compared to combustible insulation materials available on the market. Despite the combustible nature of the compressed straw, the impact of its fuel load in a wooden construction system was less than expected. Because the burning properties of compressed straw are less hazardous than commercially available combustible insulation materials and the impact of its heat load in a wood frame structure, the use of this material as an insulator in a building is, by design, manageable without increasing risks.
Richard, Nicolas. "Approche multi-échelles pour la modélisation de structures en bois sous sollicitations sismiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0010.
Full textTraoré, Issiaka. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les parois des bâtiments à ossature bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10085/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on modeling and characterization of heat and mass transfer in a wooden building envelope. A code which simulates unsteady heat and mass in an air layer in two-dimensional geometry, which is part of the multi-layer wall, was developed and validated. Numerical validations that include all transfer modes were achieved for unsteady and steady states regimes (conduction, convection, surface-to-surface radiation, mass transfer and surface condensation). Then, the code developed for the air layer at the LEMTA was coupled to the code Transpore used at the LERFOB. The latter one deals with the transfer in hygroscopic solid materials. For the experimental validation of the fully coupled code, an experimental cell was constructed and instrumented to study the hygrothermal behavior of the studied walls. This cell which is thermally and hygroscopicly controlled was set up at the CRITT BOIS. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed. Besides, several experiments of thermal characterization of various materials (insulators containing wood fibers, solid wood ...) were also conducted. The influence of temperature and moisture on thermal conductivity and specific heat was largely investigated
Bohineust, Xavier. "Développement de méthodes de mesures d'intensité acoustique : application à l'étude du rayonnement et des transmissions dans les structures à ossature bois." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI258.
Full textThe mechanisms of direct and flanking acoustical transmissions in building or industrial structures are highly dependent of the nature of the structure, the connections between pannels, the acoustical and vibrating coupling between structure cavity. When a detailed diagnosis of radiation and transmission characteristic is required while the building or machine on site. Acoustic intensity measurement could be very useful. But a limitation of the standard two-microphone acoustic intensity method is its inhability to distinguish the radiated intensity of a source in the presence of extra sources creating interactive intensity field. The selective technique of acoustic intensity proposed by Bucheger has been developped and studied in the present thesis. The analytical expressions of active, reactive, inter-actived and inter-reactive intensities have been developped. Signal processing has been processed and implanted on micro-computer. Experimental studies of the bias and statistical errors have been made. Referential phase correction methods of the two microphone intensity probe has been proposed and developped. Application and validation of the referential selective inetensity method has been implemented on a full size model wood frame building
Hurel, Nolwenn. "Impact des infiltrations d'air sur les performances des bâtiments : focus sur l'étude expérimentale dans les parois ossature bois." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA018/document.
Full textPoor airtightness in buildings can lead to an over-consumption of energy and to many issues such as moisture damage and poor indoor climate. The timber frame constructions are particularly subject to air leakage and further knowledge in this field is needed to meet the regulation requirements tightened by the development of low-energy and passive houses. This study focuses on the impact of air infiltration on the buildings’ performance, both at the building and the wall assembly scales.The air infiltration through the envelope can disrupt the proper functioning of mechanical ventilation and increase the global energy load. This issue was first investigated numerically at the building scale on a wide range of housing and weather conditions. Simplified models working across the whole airtightness spectrum were established for the inclusion of natural infiltration in buildings’ total ventilation rate calculations. The airtightness was then considered at a smaller scale with the experimental characterization of timber frame wall assemblies, components and construction details, in particular with an original test set-up built for this purpose. A number of pressurization tests enabled to quantify the additional leakage air flow induced by specific airtightness defects and may be of use for building scale numerical simulations.The impact of air infiltration on the hygro-thermal performance of a wall is closely linked to the air dispersion inside it, but there is a lack of experimental studies and methods for the air path investigation. A new technique has therefore been developed, consisting in an innovative use of fluorescein micro-particles as tracer inside the insulation material. It was first applied to specific configurations: straight/angled air channels in contact with porous media. A simple analysis of the fluorescein concentration mappings enabled to investigate the impact of parameters such as the flow velocity, the insulation material and the geometry on the air infiltration in the glass wool, and gave evidences of phenomena such as the appearance of thin air gaps between the components of the wall. A fluorescein transport model was developed and coupled to a CFD model for finer analysis.Finally a case study on simple wall assemblies was carried out to compare experimental techniques, to verify their applicability to the air path study and to provide data for possible numerical model validation. The air dispersion at the inlet/outlet of the insulation was studied with both infrared thermography and the PIV. The air path inside the insulation layer was investigated using three experimental approaches: a temperature monitoring with thermocouples; a relative humidity monitoring with capacitive sensors SHT 75; and the use of fluorescein tracer micro-particles. The respective benefits and limitations of the various methods were identified to help in the selection of the most appropriate one for further studies
Boudaud, Clément. "Analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des structures à ossature en bois : essais expérimentaux, modélisation numérique, calculs parasismiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI108/document.
Full textThis research aims at a better understanding of the vulnerability of timber-frame buildings against earthquakes. The behavior of these structures under seismic loading relies on their joints with metal fasteners (nails, screws, 3 dimensionnal connections, etc.). The numerical modeling of such a structure is based on a multi-scale approach, which allows to take into account the local behaviors at the structural scale. Three scales are defined: Scale 1: joints, scale 2: structural elements (shear walls, floors, roofs), scale 3: buildings. At each scale, a behavior law (hysteretic with damage) is used. The calibrations or validations are based on experimental tests. Tests on joints with metal fasteners are used to calibrate the numerical model at scale 1. A detailed finite elements (FE) model of shear wall is developped and its predictions are confronted to quasi-static and dynamic experimental results for validation. A simplified FE model of shear wall (macro element) is used to generate a numerical model at the building scale. This macro element, calibrated on the detailed FE model, accurately reproduces the dynamic behavior of a shear wall despite its simplicity. The numerical model of timber-frame buildings will be used to study, locally and globally, their behavior against earthquake in order to propose construction details and design adapted to these structures in seismic areas
Books on the topic "Constructions à ossature de bois – Mathématiques"
Benoit, Yves. Construction de maisons a ossature bois. 2nd ed. (Fore t, Cellulose, Bois, Ameublement), 2009.
Benoit, Yves. Construction de maisons a ossature bois. Eyrolles, 2007.
Benoit, Yves. Calcul des structures en bois: [guide d'application]. 2nd ed. Eyrolles, 2008.
Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement. Étude comparative des codes du bâtiment et des méthodes et normes de constructions à ossature de bois au Canada et en Allemagne. Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 1997.
Roy, Rob. Timber Framing for the Rest of Us. New Society Publishers, 2009.
Simpson, Scot. Builder's essentials framing & rough carpentry: The illustrated guide for apprentices & carpenters. 2nd ed. R.S. Means Co., 2001.
Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement., ed. Construction de maison à ossature de bois--Canada. 3rd ed. Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 2007.
Timber Framing for the Rest of Us: A Guide to Contemporary Post and Beam Construction. New Society Publishers, 2004.