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Academic literature on the topic 'Constructions, Effets des agents atmosphériques sur les'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constructions, Effets des agents atmosphériques sur les"
Gadilhe, Agnès. "Comportement aéraulique des enveloppes de bâtiment : détermination numérique des pressions en façade : Modélisation de la perméabilité à l'air." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0023.
Full text[Pressure models provide an attractive tool for the evaluation of the building ventilation. However, further development and validation of these models requires a better understanding of two critical issues : the pressure distribution around the building and the hydrodynamic behaviour of the envelope. The objectives of this thesis are to present a feasibility study of the k-e model for the evaluation of the pressure distribution and to better understand the flow characteristics through the envelope. First, we compare the pressure coefficients on a seven story building obtained by three existing methods : wind tunnel analysis, on site measurements, numerical approach. The comparison of the results of the numerical simulation with the wind tunnel test on two buildings demonstrates the limits and the difficulties of this promising numerical technique. Then we focus on the behaviour of the envelope - interface between inside and outside. A bibliography review and an on site experiment allow us to identify the type, the location and the flow equation of the various air paths. In order to improve our understanding of the flow through every specific building component, we test in our laboratory apparatus the behaviour of cracks and slots. The limits of the pressurization technique and its associated logarithmic law are clarified. ]
Mankour, Yasmina. "Durabilité des digues fluviales : une réflexion inspirée des digues de Loire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2082.
Full textThe durability of earthen river levees is assessed by estimating the time a structure will be able to protect against flooding events in a specific environment. We have tried in this work to answer two scientific questions: (1) which are the effects of the meteorological environment on the dikes and (2) what are the consequences on hydraulic conductivity performance ? The first part of the work confirmed the existence of specific zoning in the earthworks through monitoring. Zoning results from soil interactions with the atmosphere and meteorology of the site. Its description has been based on the analysis of an instrumented earth structure located in Héricourt (Haute-Saône) near Belfort, and confirmed by the geotechnical analysis of an old dike located in La Ville-aux-Dames (Indre-et-Loire) near Tours. The meteorology of the sites, alternating dry and wet periods, influences the behavior of the slopes, the platform and the core of the levee. In each zone, the intensity of the meteorological effects varies and influences their performance. Different marks of deterioration will appear in a levee in the South of France than in the North. A map of the geographic location of equal water stress for earthen structure in France, is proposed, based on Thornthwaite indicators. The second part examined more closely the effect of water cycles on compacted soils extract from the La Ville-aux-Dames levee. Samples observed on X-ray tomography and mercury porosimetry, showed the importance of these cycles on the microstructure. In the same time, measurements of hydraulic conductivity on samples having undergone the same number of cycles, showed that performance is gradually deteriorating. These coupled observations have been translated into degradation curves for compacted materials on earthen slopes : they reflect the idea of a progressive decompaction of the materials under water cycles effect, which are a characteristic of site meteorology. The laboratory results were used to simulate the aging of a portion of La Ville-aux-Dames using Geostudio (Slope/W and Seep/W) numerical calculations. Recommendations for levees management, based on sustainability concepts are proposed at the end of this work. They declined methods and new axes for applied researches
Barberousse, Hélène. "Etude de la diversité des algues et des cyanobactéries colonisant les revêtements de façade en France et recherche des facteurs favorisant leur implantation." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188566.
Full textParadoxalement, les algues microscopiques et les cyanobactéries constituant ces biofilms sont peu connues en France. La première approche de ce projet a donc consisté à prélever des fractions de revêtements de façade colonisés afin d'identifier les micro-organismes s'y développant. 22 espèces d'algues et 25 espèces de cyanobactéries ont ainsi été observées dans les 71 prélèvements analysés, les algues étant dominantes sur tous types de matériaux.
Les facteurs favorisant l'implantation et le développement de ces micro-organismes ont ensuite été étudiés. Un traitement statistique des données environnementales recueillies lors de la campagne d'échantillonnage a ainsi mis en évidence l'importance des facteurs climatiques liés à l'humidité, des facteurs permettant la dissémination des spores, tels que le vent ou la proximité de végétation, ainsi que l'importance de la nature du support colonisé. Cette dernière observation a pu être approfondie grâce à l'utilisation d'un banc d'essai permettant l'évaluation simultanée de différents matériaux quant à leur colonisation par des algues et des cyanobactéries isolées en façade au cours de cette étude. Ces essais ont montré que des facteurs tels que la porosité, la rugosité et le pH de surface des matériaux influent sur la colonisation par ces micro-organismes.
En parallèle, afin d'envisager le développement de matériaux défavorisant l'accroche des micro-organismes, les mécanismes d'adhésion d'une sélection d'algues sur des surfaces modèles ont été étudiés à l'aide d'une cellule à flux laminaire. Les surfaces hydrophiles ont provoqué le plus faible taux d'adhésion. L'exploitation de ces résultats a également mis en évidence l'initiation d'interactions hydrophobes et électrostatiques lors du processus d'adhésion.
Finalement, les polymères extracellulaires produits par une sélection de micro-organismes isolés en façade ont été analysés. Ils ont ainsi montré être de nature polysaccharidique, anionique et plus ou moins hydrophobe selon les souches les sécrétant. L'adsorption d'un polymère d'une souche de Klebsormidium flaccidum, algue verte dominante en façades en France, a été plus importante et plus forte sur des surfaces hydrophobes que sur des surfaces hydrophiles. En outre, la dégradation enzymatique des polymères de cette même souche tend à diminuer l'adhésion sur surface hydrophobe. Ces observations confirment donc l'hypothèse d'une intervention des polymères extracellulaires dans l'étape de contact du micro-organisme avec une surface, puis lors de l'étape de consolidation de cette adhésion, par le biais d'interactions hydrophobes et sans doute électrostatiques.
Pena, Luisa. "Instrumentation et diagnostic des pathologies structurelles des phares." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30037.
Full textLighthouses represent an invaluable cultural and technical heritage that must be preserved as long as possible. This manuscript thesis focuses on the case of masonry lighthouses built over the coast, which are exposed to environmental actions but not to the wave action. These lighthouses, mostly built during the 19th century and until the beginning of the 20th century, show structural disorders. The aim of the thesis is to formulate a structural diagnosis method based on a structural health monitoring implemented on the structure. The case study of the research is the Ile Vierge lighthouse, currently being the tallest stone masonry lighthouse in Europe due to its 80.0m high. It was built between 1897 and 1902 on an island located at the West of Finistère with two local construction materials (granite and kersanton stones). In 2011, Service des Phares et Balises notices the presence of a vertical cracking pattern in the upper part of the tower. The cracks prevail over the entire height of the lantern's basement wall, where the lantern support is fixed by 16 metal embedded anchors. This thesis focuses to find the origin of cracks by data analyses from the structural health monitoring implemented on the lighthouse and to formulate a diagnosis methodology for this type of buildings. The hypotheses studied are wind actions as well as thermal actions on the structure. The multidisciplinary research method considers the mechanical characterization of rocks, the calculation of mechanical actions presents on the structure, the collection of data from the health structural monitoring and the statistical analysis by multivariable correlation. The opening crack is analyzed according with the actions considered. In addition, the approach exposes how cyclic thermal actions and fatigue phenomena can generate stresses close to the tensile strength of kersanton and therefore explain the crack vertical pattern
Books on the topic "Constructions, Effets des agents atmosphériques sur les"
Hangan, H. Étude de la pluie poussée par le vent portant sur l'ensemble résidentiel de Governor's Road, Dundas (Ontario). Ottawa, Ont: Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 2000.
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