Journal articles: 'Constructions in si-'

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Si, Aung, and Stef Spronck. "Solega defenestration." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18048.si.

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Abstract Based on original fieldwork, this paper discusses reported speech and thought constructions in Solega (Dravidian). Following McGregor (1994) we claim that reported speech can only be comprehensively characterised if it is identified as a syntactic construction in its own right, a construction we label a framing construction. In natural discourse, elements of the framing construction, particularly clauses referring to the reporting event, may be left unexpressed. We term framing constructions without a matrix clause ‘defenestrated clauses’. While defenestrated clauses in Solega leave perspective shifts underspecified, they include several distinctive strategies that allow us to reconsider the role of morpho-syntactic marking in the expression of perspective shifts.

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Hinojosa, Ramon, Craig Boylstein, Maude Rittman, Melanie Sberna Hinojosa, and Christopher A. Faircloth. "Constructions of Continuity after Stroke." Symbolic Interaction 31, no. 2 (May 2008): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2008.31.2.205.

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Corminboeuf, Gilles, and Matthieu Monney. "Si je t’aime ! Régimes insubordonnés." SHS Web of Conferences 138 (2022): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213813001.

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L’étude porte sur les constructions exclamatives « insubordonnées » du type Si je t’aime ! Au plan syntaxique, nous montrons que les si p interrogatives indirectes isolées conduisent à deux analyses syntaxiques concurrentes : si certaines si p fonctionnent de manière autonome, d’autres – qui entrent dans une configuration échoïque explicite – sont analysables de deux manières (construction autonome ou construction elliptique). Au plan pragmatique, nous soulignons d’une part qu’une composante échoïque est inhérente à notre construction, que l’écho soit explicite ou implicite. D’autre part, nous postulons que notre construction non seulement valide à nouveau implicitement un objet-de-discours dont elle présuppose l’existence, mais rehausse son degré de confiance, périmant par là sa mise en doute par l’allocutaire.

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Jung, Sun-Kyu, Won-Chang Kim, Tae-Gyu Lee, and Gyu-Yong Kim. "Proposal of Fire Prevention Methodology for Temporary Constructions in Industrial Facilities through Case Analysis of Fire Sites in Korea." Fire Science and Engineering 37, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.1b79b3a7.

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In this study, a fire prevention methodology was proposed using the case study of temporary constructions in domestic industrial facilities and data from the National Fire Agency. Fire cases in temporary construction industrial facilities in Pocheon-si and Eumseong-gun were analyzed. The material, cause of ignition, structure, and arrangement of temporary constructions at the fire sites were analyzed using data from the National Fire Agency and on-site investigation.

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JAHANI, C. "Persian Influence on Some Verbal Constructions in Iranian Balochi." Studia Iranica 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/si.28.1.2003920.

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Lepschy, Giulio. "Aspects of Italian constructions with si." Italianist 6, no. 1 (June 1, 1986): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026143486791455681.

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Repnina, Tatiana V. "One-predicate interrogative conditional constructions in Catalan (in comparison with Spanish and French)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 16, no. 3 (2018): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2018-16-3-102-115.

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The article deals with mononuclear interrogative conditional constructions in Catalan (in comparison with Spanish and French), a topic addressed for the first time in a separate study. The tense and voice uses in these constructions, their transformations into two-predicate constructions, and their meanings are examined in detail. Conclusions about the differences in tense use are made, constructions with positive and negative meanings are analyzed. The following conclusions are made: 1. One-predicate conditional constructions are characteristic of interrogative, but not of declarative utterances. 2. One-predicate conditional constructions can be split into those that elide the main clause and those that do not. Elliptical constructions imply the meaning of consequence, while non-elliptical constructions do not. 3. One-predicate interrogative conditional constructions normally begin with a special marker, a conjunction combination – i si in Catalan, y si in Spanish, and et si in French. 4. Interrogative conditional constructions with main clause ellipsis can express both real and unreal condition in the present, past or future by means of tenses and moods. The use of tenses and moods in constructions with main clause ellipsis in the three targeted languages mostly coincide. The differences can be summed up as follows. In Catalan and Spanish, the imperfect of the conjunctive generally corresponds to the imperfect of the indicative in French. In Catalan and Spanish, the pluperfect of the conjunctive is opposed to the pluperfect of the indicative in French. The same difference is also true of non-interrogative conditional constructions. 5. In Catalan and Spanish, non-elliptical interrogative conditional constructions use imperfect subjunctives as opposed to French where imperfect indicatives occur instead. 6. Elliptical one-predicate interrogative conditional constructions address events whose realization or consequences are not obvious to the speaker, or low-probability events. Such constructions mostly express negative meaning. Non-elliptical one-predicate interrogative conditional constructions express request, suggestion, or advice.

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Yook, Cheongmin, and Gyumi Kim. "Disguised Imperatives in Korean." Studies in Modern Grammar 118 (June 25, 2023): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2023.118.19.

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This paper examines a group of constructions in Korean that have recently emerged in specific registers. These constructions are truly intriguing pragmatically and syntactically, though they have not, to-date, received sufficient attention, nor serious linguistic analysis. Comparing these emergent constructions (e.g., yangchi ha-si-keyss-upni-ta ‘Rinse your mouth’) with their imperative counterparts (e.g., yanchi ha-si-e-yo), we show: (i) that they are declarative sentence addressed to the hearer; (ii) that they utilize a strategy of indirectness for the purpose of politeness (seemingly overriding Gricean maxims); (iii) that they are increasingly expanding into a wide range of registers used in service sectors; and (iv) that this emerging construction is now fully grammaticalized and is viewed as a fixed politeness expression for these registers irreplaceable by other politeness expressions. What this analysis implies is that a general pragmatic principle that round-about indirect expressions are considered more polite than direct ones, in some social situations and that this general principle is explicitly encoded in a linguistically identifiable form in languages like Korean.

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Elliott, Sinikka. "Parents' Constructions of Teen Sexuality: Sex Panics, Contradictory Discourses, and Social Inequality." Symbolic Interaction 33, no. 2 (May 2010): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2010.33.2.191.

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Ford, Kristie A. "DoingFakeMasculinity, BeingRealMen: Present and Future Constructions of Self among Black College Men." Symbolic Interaction 34, no. 1 (February 2011): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2011.34.1.38.

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Corminbœuf, Gilles. "Une description des constructions introduites par un si dit austinien." Travaux de linguistique 60, no. 1 (2010): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tl.060.0127.

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Adliene, D., I. Cibulskaite, and Š. Meškinis. "Low energy X-ray radiation impact on coated Si constructions." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 79, no. 10 (October 2010): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.05.003.

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Segura Llopes, Carles. "Les construccions de relatiu col·loquials en català." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 22, no. 22 (December 3, 2023): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.22.27823.

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Resum: El prof. Joan Solà estudià en profunditat les construccions de relatiu en català i plantejà bastants interrogants sobre el funcionament i interpretació d’aquestes construccions, especialment les que corresponen als usos col·loquials, diferenciades amb claredat de les pertanyents a registres formals. En aquest treball mirarem de contribuir al coneixement de les construccions de relatiu col·loquials en català fent servir la Gramàtica de Construccions cognitiva com a base teòrica. Utilitzarem el corpus PARLARS cosa que implicarà centrar-nos en els usos col·loquials de la varietat valenciana, corresponents, a més a més, a parlants de generacions més prompte ancianes, les quals, com sabem, mantenen encara un grau d’exposició als usos formals del català (i també del castellà) bastants baixos. Mirarem de: a) verificar l’extensió que hi tenen les construccions de relatiu cultes; b) establir els límits dels usos que s’adiuen a l’estructura sintàctica col·loquial, això és, amb un nexe que despronominalitzat i amb la presència o no d’elements resumptius; i c) comprovar si les construccions amb resumptius marquen alguna diferència semàntica respecte de les que en prescindeixen o si, simplement, hi ha un mera alternança lligada estrictament al registre formal o informal.Paraules clau: construccions de relatiu, gramàtica de construccions, català col·loquialAbstract: Prof. Joan Solà studied in depth the relative constructions in Catalan and raised quite a few questions about the operation and interpretation of these constructions, especially those corresponding to colloquial uses, clearly differentiated from those belonging to formal registers. In this paper we will try to contribute to the knowledge of colloquial relative constructions in Catalan using the Cognitive Construction Grammar as a theoretical basis. We will use the corpus called PARLARS, which will involve focusing on the colloquial uses of the Valencian variety, corresponding, in addition, to speakers of the older generations, who, as we know, still maintain a degree of exposure to quite low formal uses of Catalan (and also Spanish). Our objectives will be: a) to verify the extent of relative constructions in cultured speech; b) to establish the limits of the uses that best fit the colloquial syntactic structure, that is, the one that uses a depronominalized relativizer with or without resumptive elements; and c) to check if the constructions containing resumptives elements mark any semantic difference compared to those without them or if, simply, there is a mere alternation strictly linked to the formal or informal register.Keywords: relative constructions, construction grammar, colloquial Catalan

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Combettes, Bernard. "L’alternance si / aussi dans l’expression du comparatif d’égalité." Les structures comparatives du français: Des bases de données aux corpus 31, no. 1 (June 6, 2008): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.31.1.07com.

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This article focuses on the diachronic study of equative constructions in Middle French. We concentrate particularly on distinct evolutions of two functional elements : the parameter marker (si / aussi alternation) and the standard marker (que / comme alternation). We try to determine relevant factors of change, observing especially semantic types of predication (actualized vs non actualized predicates)

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Ordines, Pedro Ivorra. "Por mí como si te operas. Constructional idioms of rejection from a constructionist approach." Yearbook of Phraseology 14, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2023-0005.

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Abstract The present study explores partially filled idioms that go beyond the limits of the Spanish phraseological tradition, in that it focuses on semi-schematic patterns that had been relegated to the periphery and does not restrict itself to the pairing phraseological expression and lexicalized form. With a corpus comprising 592 instances extracted from the esTenTen18 corpus (Sketch Engine), the objective in the study of the constructional idioms [a PRON como si X] and [por PRON como si X] is twofold. First, to shed light on the “pragmatic point” (Kay and Fillmore 1999) of these discontinuous patterns by describing their rejection illocutionary force, their colloquial dialogic context, and their intensifying speech act; and second, to delve into the lexical variability of the constructions under study in the intersection of creativity and extravagance.

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Seraku, Tohru, and Nana Tohyama. "Grammatical nominalization in Yoron Ryukyuan." Studies in Language 44, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 879–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19057.ser.

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Abstract Despite extensive research on Ryukyuan languages, relatively few attempts have been made to describe Ryukyuan nominalization. This paper sets out the agenda for exploring Ryukyuan nominalization with special reference to Yoron Ryukyuan, which, we propose, has four nominalizers: -si, hutu, munu, and Ø (zero). We divide nominalization into GB (Gap-Based) and GL (Gap-Less) nominalization. Firstly, -si is the most productive; it realizes GB/GL nominalization and derives clefts, relatives, and stance constructions. Secondly, hutu is less productive; its use in GB nominalization is restricted, and it derives only stance constructions. Thirdly, munu is viewed as a formal noun in that it encodes the general meaning ‘person, thing’ and usually requires a modifying element. Finally, Ø is the least productive, found only in fixed constructions. Based on these observations, we propose a non-discrete view of nominalizer and formal noun and a cline of their productivity.

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Bogard, Cynthia J. "Claimsmakers and Contexts in Early Constructions of Homelessness: A Comparison of New York City and Washington, D.C." Symbolic Interaction 24, no. 4 (November 2001): 425–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2001.24.4.425.

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Stephanatos, Gerassimos. "Comme si le corps vivait l’image : les constructions figuratives de l’analyste." Revue française de psychosomatique 56, no. 2 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfps.056.0073.

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Haillet, Pierre Patrick. "Approche polyphonique des attitudesdu locuteur : constructions de type [comme si A]." Langue française 161, no. 1 (2009): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lf.161.0135.

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Bonisławski, Michał, and Marcin Hołub. "Effects of space vector modulation strategy on hybrid (Si-SiC) inverter losses." Archives of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-012-0006-2.

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Effects of space vector modulation strategy on hybrid (Si-SiC) inverter lossesThis work summarizes efficiency measurement results of a full bridge, 3 phase inverter composed of state-of-the-art Si IGBT transistors and Si or SiC diodes. Different (symmetrical and discontinuous) space vector modulation strategies were chosen in order to examine their influence (together with modulation frequency) on inverter losses. Induction machine was used as load, different load points were examined. Results clearly show, that proper modulation strategy, minimizing the switching losses of semiconductor switches, can increase the overall output efficiency at about 1% in case of both silicon and hybrid constructions. The drawback of DPWM approach is connected with the decreased quality of inverter output current. Hybrid technology can also improve the output efficiency at about 1% when compared to traditional constructions, but only in case of elevated switching frequencies. At low frequencies (below 10 kHz) modern semi-conductors offer comparable results at much lower device costs.

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Repnina, T. V. "Poly-predicative conditional constructions in Catalan (in comparaison with Spanish and French)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-3-128-136.

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By poly-predicative conditional constructions we mean complex sentences that contain at least three simple sentences, each representing either a condition or a consequence. Poly-predicative sentences can in addition contain other simple sentences that represent neither condition, nor consequence. Poly-predicative constructions that, apart from one condition and one consequence, also include other simple sentences, are not classified here as poly-predicative conditional constructions. While poly-predicative constructions in general have already been in the focus of researches attention, this article seems to address them on Catalan material for the first time. The purpose of this article is an analysis of syntactic relations in poly-predicative conditional constructions. Its objectives include their comparison in Catalan, Spanish, and French, identification of the main types of these constructions, and an analysis of their characteristics. Since the use of tenses and moods in the constructions addressed coincides with that in prototypical bi-predicative conditional constructions, we do not examine it here. The methods, used in this study, included: sampling during corpus collection, classification, description, comparison, transformational analysis and synthesis. The study is based on Catalan texts and their translations into Spanish and French. The findings of the study include: 1) Poly-predicative conditional constructions with several condition and/or consequence clauses are possible. Condition and consequence clauses can occupy different positions in poly-predicative conditional constructions; 2) In contrast to Catalan and Spanish, French admits the replacement of the conditional conjunction si by que; 3) Prototypical conditional and poly-predicative constructions are invariably characterized by subordination relations, with coordination parataxis possible as well. In addition, more complex syntactic structures are possible like, e. g., parallel co-coordination; 4) A prototypical conditional construction being a complex sentence, this limits possible syntactic types of poly-predicative conditional constructions. They cannot be structured as a string of simple sentences connected by coordination or subordination. Consecutive subordination of three or more subordinate sentences is not characteristic of conditional constructions; 5) The study identified a similarity between poly-predicative conditional constructions in Catalan, Spanish, and French. The present research is a contribution into the syntax of Romance languages.

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Repnina, T. V. "Non-Prototypical Structurally Separate Conditional Constructions in Catalan (In Comparison with Spanish and French)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 19, no. 3 (October 17, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2021-19-3-20-31.

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The article is devoted to non-prototypical structurally separate conditional constructions (NSCC) in Catalan in comparison with Spanish and French. These represent two (or more) separate sentences, one of which expresses condition and the other – consequence without conditional conjunctions. The relevance and novelty of this study follows from the fact that NSCCs have not received sufficient attention yet which is particularly true for Catalan. There is no consensus in specialist literature as regards the terms used to describe this kind of constructions or define their scope. The list of terms for NSCCs in Russian linguistics is too long, and includes the following: “non-prototypical constructions”, “conditional constructions formed as a “syntactic unity”, “supraphrasal unity”, among others. The paper states that it’s necessary to distinguish prototypical conditional constructions from the constructions with conditional con-junction “si”, on one hand, and non-prototypical constructions, on the other. And integral conditional constructions should be distinguished from structurally separate constructions (also referred to as formally separate). There are also non-prototypical structurally separate conditional constructions with interrogative words expressing condition in the protasis and imperatives constructions expressing consequence in the apodosis, constructions with imperatives (verbs like ‘suppose’) expressing condition in the protasis and interrogative sentences expressing consequence in the apodosis. NSCCs can use different moods: imperative, indicative, subjunctive, and conditional. Imperative forms are compatible both with semantics of conditions and consequences. There are also NSCCs without imperatives. And besides that, between the first sentence expressing the condition and the second sentence expressing the consequence filler utterances can occur. As typically in prototypical conditional constructions, in NSCC the condition and the consequence expressed also belong to the same subject of speech (speaker), though in some rare cases may be inserted, as a link be-tween the first and the second sentences of the construction, an interrogative sentence asked by another subject. NSCCs don’t allow the use of subordinating conjunctions, the opposite being a clear sign of prototypical constructions, but the consequence can be introduced with markers meaning ‘then’. The study is based on the texts by Catalan authors, excerpts from Catalan journals and their translations into Spanish and French; texts generated by the author’s informers, native speakers have also been used.

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Repnina, T. V. "Integral nonprototypical conditional and imperative constructions in Catalan (in comparison with Spanish and French)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-1-142-150.

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This article examines one type of constructions that can express both conditional and imperative meanings. They represent complex sentences, the first part of which expresses a condition and urging and the second, the consequence with future reference. It is important to distinguish constructions of this type from prototypical imperative conditional constructions built as complex sentences, in which the condition is introduced by a subordinate clause with a conjuction meaning if and the conseqence verb is encoded for the imperative. The aim of this article is to identify, describe, and analyze the main types of integral nonprototypical conditional-and-imperative constructions, as well as the relevant conjunctions, tenses, and moods used in Catalan as compared to Spanish and French. While nonprototypical conditional / imperative constructions are actively studied in many languages, they have been apparently barely touched upon in Catalan. Our analysis revealed the following types of integral nonprototypical conditional / imperative constructions with: imperatives in the first clause; imperative verbs and verb periphrases in the first clause; a nominal phrase in the first clause; the conjunction or repeated in both clauses; present indicatives in the first clause and the conjunction and between two parts. The use of conjunctions meaning and (i (Cat.), y (Es.), et (Fr.)), or (o (Cat.), o (Es.), ou (Fr.)), as well asotherwise (si no (Cat.), si no (Es.), sinon (Fr.)) coincide. Only conjunctions meaning if are conditional in their basic meaning; conjunctions and, or, and otherwise are coordinating: and is copulative (it shows conditional meaning in the constructions addressed), or is delimiting, and otherwise adversative, with the latter two signaling negative condition in the targeted constructions. The research was conducted by the following methods: sampling, classification, description, contrastive and transformational analysis, and synthesis. The examples used were borrowed from texts by Catalan authors with their Spanish and French translations that were analyzed and classified. The whole sample of the conditional constructions analyzed is over 1000 examples for each of the three languages.

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Keleş, Onur, and Kadir Gökgöz. "Expression of Aboutness Subject Topic Constructions in Turkish Sign Language (TİD) Narratives." Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja 58, Special Issue (October 12, 2022): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/hrri.58.si.10.

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In the visual-spatial modality, signers indicate old, new, or contrastive information using certain syntactic, prosodic, and morphological strategies. Even though information structure has been described extensively for many sign languages, the flow of information in the narrative discourse remains unexplored in Turkish Sign Language (TİD). This study aims to describe aboutness subject topic constructions in TİD narratives. We examined data from six adult native signers of TİD and found that TİD signers mainly used nominals for reintroduced aboutness subject topics. The optional and rare non-manual markers observed on reintroduced topics mainly included squint, brow raise, and backward head tilt. Maintained aboutness subject topics, which have higher referential accessibility, were often omitted and tracked with zero anaphora. Finally, we found that constructed action is more frequently present on the predicates of clauses with a maintained aboutness subject topic than with a reintroduced aboutness subject topic. Overall, these results indicate that the use of constructed action and nominals in aboutness subject topics correlates with referential accessibility in TİD. While the former has been observed more in maintained contexts, the latter has been observed mainly in reintroduced contexts. In addition to the syntactic and prosodic cues that may distinguish old information from new or contrastive information in narratives, we suggest that pragmatic cues such as referential accessibility may help account for the manual and non-manual articulation strategies for information structure in TİD narratives.

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Spraunienė, Birutė, and Vaiva Žeimantienė. "Lithuanian reflexive-based impersonals with accusative objects." Vilnius University Open Series 16 (July 26, 2021): 358–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/sbol.2021.20.

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This paper surveys Lithuanian impersonal constructions with predicative present passive participles containing non-promoted accusative objects. It is shown that the construction, hitherto considered very rare, is well-attested and productive with one verb class, namely, transitive reflexives. In terms of semantics, transitive reflexives in Lithuanian may be classified as autobenefactives. Autobenefactive reflexives do not exhibit a change in argument structure with respect to their non-reflexive counterparts. In the case of autobenefactives, the morpheme -si- attached to the verb adds the meaning that the subject, which mostly has the semantic role of an agent, benefits from the event expressed by the predicate. On the basis of corpus data, we have analysed how widespread impersonal constructions with accusative objects are within the domain of transitive reflexives and which pattern—the accusative or the nominative—is dominant when both are attested. Lastly, we briefly discuss the temporal-aspectual meaning of reflexive-based impersonals as well as the referential properties of implied agents

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Soler, Viviana. "Estudio exploratorio de títulos de tesis doctorales redactados en lengua española." Lebende Sprachen 63, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0022.

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Abstract Este es un estudio sobre títulos de tesis doctorales redactados en lengua española con el objetivo de registrar las construcciones estructurales más recurrentes de este tipo de títulos, e intentar determinar si tales construcciones pueden considerarse variables disciplinares. Se trabajó sobre una base de datos que incluye 716 títulos de tesis doctorales realizadas y defendidas por los integrantes de una misma comunidad científica, la Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina). La lingüística de corpus utilizada como metodología de investigación demostró que, de las cuatro construcciones representativas de los títulos científicos altamente especializados, únicamente dos son las elegidas por los autores de tesis doctorales, a saber: la estructura nominal y la estructura de título compuesto. Este hallazgo contribuye a sentar las bases para la construcción de una pedagogía de la escritura específica de las tesis doctorales y sugiere que la estructura del título podría funcionar como variable disciplinar en determinadas áreas de estudio. A corpus containing 716 titles of Ph.D. theses written in Spanish and defended by members of the Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina) was constructed and analyzed to record the most recurrent Ph.D. thesis title structural constructions, and to determine if such constructions can be considered as disciplinary variables. Corpus linguistics was applied to analyze all the titles chosen and revealed that of the four representative structural constructions of highly advanced scientific titles, only the nominal construction and the compound construction are chosen. This finding lays the foundations for a specific Ph.D. thesis writing pedagogy.

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Rodríguez, Catalina Fuentes. "Discursive functions and constructionalization of independent "subordinate" sentences in Spanish." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 87 (May 26, 2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac.74388.

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The topic under discussion in this paper is the syntax of sentences introduced by a subordinate conjunction (que, si, como) that have an independent function in the discourse. Some authors have considered them insubordinate clauses. The author discusses the functions they perform in Spanish discourse, especially in reactive turns, and proposes a macrosyntactic approach that includes a range of structural possibilities: independent utterances, conventional constructions, or discursive operators. These possibilities depend on the different degrees of grammaticalization they show: as semi-fixed constructions or pragmatic markers.

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Sánchez Jiménez, Santiago U. "A ver (si): diacronía de un marcador del discurso en español." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 140, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 385–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2024-0020.

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Abstract In this work, the diachronic perspective is used to explain the coexistence in current Spanish of three constructions: a) syntactic structures like a ver (si) + complement, integrated into the sentence framework, b) non-sentence fragments like a ver and c) independent structures, like a ver si + sentence complement. Out-side the sentence framework, both non-sentence fragments and independent sen-tences fulfil pragmatic values (interactive) or discursive values (favoring the construction of discourse). To carry out this diachronic investigation, we start from the syntactic insubordination hypothesis (cf. Evans 2007; Evans/Watanabe 2016), assuming that independence structures are the result of their insubordination from the governing nucleus of the sentence framework. In the first place, according to the documentation provided by the Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), it is verified when the integrated syntactic structures like a ver (si) + complement, which we call experimentation structures, begin to be documented and when they stabilize in the language. The body of documents is subsequently reviewed to verify the first cases of syntactic insubordination and to verify how these syntactic independence processes end up being conventionalized and start to function as procedural marks with pragmatic and discursive value.

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Michaelis, Laura A., and Hanbing Feng. "What is this, sarcastic syntax?" Constructions and Frames 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 148–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.7.2.01mic.

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This study considers sarcasm as a linguistic genre, and explores the use of constructions to capture conventions of sarcastic speech. It does so by examining the English Split Interrogative (SI), e.g., What are you, a senior?, What is this, Spain? We argue that lexical, syntactic and semantic idiosyncrasies of SI require us to recognize it as a distinct grammatical construction with two related conversational functions. In its basic, or sincere, function, SI is a collateral-track signal in terms of Clark & Fox Tree 2002: it comments on ongoing performance by (a) indexing the user’s effort to attach the right value to a property variable in a contextually salient open proposition and (b) proposing the result of that effort. In its secondary, or sarcastic, function, SI expresses a dissociative Doppelurteil, or double judgment. Just as topic-comment utterances involve two communicative acts — acknowledging a particular entity as a locus of inquiry and attributing a property to that entity — sarcastic SI makes a judgment about the present situation — it’s the inverse of the expected one — and offers an assessment of what makes it so: the value of the wh-variable (a variable over people, places, things, reasons, etc.) is extreme on some contextually available scale. We postulate that the sarcastic function is a conventionalized (or short-circuited) conversational implicature (in terms of Morgan 1978). Certain divergent syntactic properties support the view that SI is ambiguous with respect to sincere and sarcastic senses. We thus view SI as a case in which what started as a rhetorical gambit has become conventionalized into a rhetorical figure (Kay 1997).

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محمد يوسف محمد التمامي. "La complémentation verbale : valences et constructions, bases sémantiques et syntaxiques." Journal of Human Sciences 22, no. 4 (November 25, 2023): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/johs.v22i4.2924.

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Résumé Cet article présente un traitement efficace à la question de la complémentation verbale, dans le cadre de théorie de la valence verbale. Le complément verbal est analysé comme élément morphosyntaxique et sémantique, dans laquelle les catégories grammaticales et les constructions déterminent clairement les significations verbales. Le complément est entièrement différent selon le différent type verbal auquel il est affecté. Une différence importante : même si les deux verbes acceptent les mêmes noms, ce n’est pas toujours avec le même sens.

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Wu, Zhong, Xianfeng Zhang, Xiaoqi Jin, Tong Li, Jinlong Ge, and Zongqun Li. "A Review on Cutting Edge Technologies of Silicon-Based Supercapacitors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6650131.

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Despite Si-based materials and their derivatives have recently emerged as potential electrode materials in advanced energy conversion and storage applications, a review article has not been reported hitherto for Si-based supercapacitors. In this review, the representative progresses of Si-based materials have been illustrated including synthesis, properties, surface modification, and electrochemical properties. A variety of nanomaterials are presented regarding the electrode material design and booming device constructions. Effective strategies for the preparation of Si-based materials and their derivatives are summarized especially including silicon/silicon carbide nanowires, silicon substrates, silicon particles, three-dimensional silicon structures, and silicon-based doping materials. Meanwhile, the overall behaviors in supercapacitor application have been illustrated in terms of specific capacitance, rate capability, cycling life, and energy density. Furthermore, large-voltage microsupercapacitors are outlined for next-generation integration devices.

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Wang, Yu Lin. "Sustainable Infrastructure and its Application in Singapore." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1069.

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Infrastructure is an important part of the system, and Sustainable Infrastructure (SI) holds the key to sustainable development. Those who are successful in developing SI will most likely be the economic leaders of tomorrow. Four main aspects about SI in Singapore, which include Energy supply, Transport, NEWater and Waste, are analyzed individually to demonstrate their contributions to sustainable development. Given the consequences of environmental issues (global warming as the most urgent problem), it is evident that only those that succeed in decoupling production from the extraction and use of renewable resources will be able to have continuous economic growth in the future. The case of Singapore appears to be an important prototype for reflection on the question of SI constructions and its specific conditions, practices and requirement in the context of Asian world city development.

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Akita, Kimi. "Register-Specific Morphophonological Constructions in Japanese." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3267.

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This paper argues that the idea of Construction Morpho(phono)logy (henceforth CM) in the sense of Booij (2010) works well in the analysis of many register-specific expressions in Japanese. Japanese is often (unofficially) said to be morpho-syntactically “less constructional” than languages like English. This kind of remark seems to stem in part from the apparent rarity of constructional template-based innovation like the one cited in (1a), in which the otherwise intransitive verb sneeze occurs in a transitive sentence frame with the help of the well-known “caused-motion construction” given in (1b). What seems to be its Japanese equivalent is clearly ungrammatical, as shown in (1c).1a. Fred sneezed the napkin off the table. (Goldberg 1995:156) 1b. The caused-motion construction in English (Goldberg 1995:152)syntax: [SUBJ [V OBJ OBL]] semantics: ‘X CAUSE Y to MOVE z’1c. *Hureddo-ga teeburu-kara napukin-o kusyami-si-ta.F-NOM table-from napkin-ACC sneeze-do-PST ‘Fred sneezed the napkin off the table.’In this study, however, it will be shown that the language has a rich constructional architecture at least at the word level.

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Szilágyi, Imre. "Vernacularization A, B and latin text of the Meditationes vitae Christi: contrastive analysis of the infinitive constructions." Specula Revista de Humanidades y Espiritualidad 12, no. 1 (February 24, 2025): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.46583/specula_2025.12.1124.

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In questo lavoro si analizzano, con metodo contrastivo, vari costrutti all’infinito all’interno di tre testi diversi: testo maggiore A e B delle Meditationes Vitae Christi, e testo originale latino. Nell’ambito dell’analisi sintattica si trattano il fenomeno del controllo, l’accusativo con l’infinito, nonché la sintassi dei verbi percettivi e fattitivi. L’indagine sintattica svolta corrobora l’ipotesi, largamente diffusa tra gli studiosi del settore, secondo la quale il testo originale delle MVC è il latino, e dimostra che i due volgarizzamenti analizzati rappresentano due traduzioni molto diverse: il testo maggiore A segue assai fedelmente il testo latino, anche dal punto di vista sintattico, mentre l’autore del testo maggiore B si distacca liberamente dal suo modello latino, basandosi molto di più sulla propria competenza volgare di parlante nativo del toscano medievale e utilizzando quindi meno latinismi sintattici rispetto al volgarizzatore del testo A.

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Kronning, Hans. "La théorie modale de la polyphonie et les constructions conditionnelles prédictives en si." Langages 193, no. 1 (2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lang.193.0017.

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Adler, Silvia. "Constructions hypothétiques sans si (et avec et) revisitées : quel mode de liaison prédicationnelle ?" Langue française 182, no. 2 (2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lf.182.0075.

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Mamo, AshebirAlyew, and AshenafiReta Tessema. "The Influence Of Construction Materials On Sustainable Constructions: A Study In Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121006.

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Studies on sustainable construction materials are on the increase with their Social, Environmental and Economic benefits. The research categorizes the key factors for sustainable construction materials. The method used for the study was that of a survey which depends on a questionnaire with five scale of measurements of Likert scale (1 for “Strongly Insignificant” (SI), 2 for “Insignificant” (IS), 3 for “Neutral” (N), 4 for “Significant” (S) and 5 for “Strongly Significant” (SS)) to create data for the analysis. For the purpose of this study, 18 indicators from the different dimensions summarized from the literature were presented to the respondents in the form of questionnaire, and replies were collected and analyzed using Likert scale on Microsoft Excel. The research result identified 18 underlined keyfactor for sustainable construction materials. Such as, Escalation of material prices, Material and equipment cost, Labor cost, Cost of variation orders, Waste rate of materials, Conformance to specification, Availability of personals with high experience and qualification, Quality of equipment and raw materials, Wastes around the site, Climate condition in the site, Human toxicity, Empowerment & participation, Adaptability, Social value, Life span, Initial cost, Job creation, and Tourism. Commonlythe study recommends that emphasis should be given for the identified key factors especially on the top five ranked key factors for Sustainable Construction Materials.

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Barański, Michał. "EMPLOYMENT FLEXIBILITY IN TIMES OF CRISIS." Studia Iuridica, no. 95 (June 14, 2023): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.1.

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This article addresses the issue of legitimacy and legal consequences of the introduction of various forms of flexible employment in times of crisis, above all focusing on issues related to the flexibility of the workplace (telework, remote work), as well as those of flexible working time (part-time work, modifications of working time systems and schedules). Bearing in mind the specifics of the crisis, the following legal constructions will also be analyzed: term employment contracts, non-employee civil law work, work in cottage industry, self-employment, temporary work, casual work, on-call work, job sharing, and employee outsourcing. Each flexibilisation of employment introduced into the legal order due to the crisis, although temporary, each time leaves its mark on the regulations in force also in times free from a crisis (specific legal constructions remain, permanently modifying a given legal order). This article is also devoted to this issue.

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Ma, Xingcheng, and Andrew K. F. Cheung. "Language interference in English-Chinese simultaneous interpreting with and without text." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 434–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00168.che.

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Abstract This study investigated the effect of source language interference during English-Chinese simultaneous interpreting (SI) with and without text by examining the relationships between manifestations of language interference and interpreting modes. A corpus-based descriptive approach was used to investigate language interference during English-Chinese interpreting at various sessions of the United Nations General Assembly. An intermodal comparison was carried out in three dimensions, addressing (1) the general linguistic properties of the interpreted texts; (2) the distribution of reformulation strategies; and (3) strategies for interpreting passive constructions and attributive clauses, two structures representing structural asymmetries between English and Chinese. The results indicated that the interpreted texts produced by SI with text and SI without text showed different degrees of language interference.

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Stoicescu, Ioana. "Sensitivity to Underinformativity with Romanian Bare Partitives." Revue roumaine de linguistique 2024, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2024): 347–63. https://doi.org/10.59277/rrl.2024.3-4.19.

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This study presents Romanian bare partitives (BPs) in contrast to other bare partitive constructions and it shows that they share features with generalized partitives. The study also investigates the generation of scalar implicatures (SIs) by Romanian bare partitives in comparison to overt partitive structures in which the upper nominal contains a part quantificational noun. The Neo-Gricean and Post-Gricean approaches to SIs make opposite predictions with respect to these constructions. Through an experimental approach, the study finds that BP constructions in Romanian give rise to SIs about half of the time overt part noun partitive structures do. The results provide support for the Post-Gricean approach to SIs, according to which scalar implicature are not elicited easily because they come with extra computational costs. A second factor that lowers the rate of SI responses for BPs is their atelic, process interpretation.

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Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen. "Impersonal se Constructions in Romance and the Passivization of Unergatives." Linguistic Inquiry 29, no. 3 (July 1998): 399–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438998553806.

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Romance constructions of the type SE Vunerg (e.g., si dorme) are shown to rely not only on nominative SE, as in Italian finite clauses, but also on accusative middle-passive SE. The latter analysis is needed for Romanian, because this language does not have nominative SE, as well as for Italian nonfinite clauses, in which nominative SE is illegitimate. According to my restatement of Cinque's (1988) generalizations, [+/−1arg] features are not needed. I assume a constrained theory of passivization, according to which the suspended Agent role cannot surface in the syntax as either -en or SE. The passivization of unergatives depends on analyzing unergatives as transitives with null cognate objects.

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Vlahović, Ljubica, and Snežana Gudurić. "Negative Words in Comparative Structures in French and Their Equivalents in Serbian." Journal for Foreign Languages 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.9.9-24.

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In French and Serbian comparative constructions of equality and inequality, negative words are distributed according to their forms, meanings and functions.French negative words - ne most frequently complemented by a particle pas or some other negative word, a double particle ni…ni, as well as negative ne and a double particle ni…ni in Serbian appear in the main clause (but not in the dependent clause) of comparative constructions of equality and inequality. In comparative constructions of inequality with a positive main clause, French expletive ne appears in the dependent clause with the verb, while its equivalent in Serbian nego or no occurs as a connector at the beginning of the dependent clause.Negative words in the main clause of comparative constructions of equality make the French antecedents flexible: the reduced form si alternates with aussi, as well as reduced tant with autant, and Serbian ones stable: reduced tako (from isto tako) and reduced toliko (from isto toliko) are mandatory.The autonomous word isto (easily detachable) serves to enhance the meaning of equality.The French comparative constructions of inequality with a negative main clause may have a dependent clause without or with an expletive ne, while the equivalent Serbian constructions always have a dependent clause with nego or no containing an expletive ne.There is a semantic and a functional equivalence between the French and Serbian constructions, with some syntactic differences due to the systems of two languages.

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Nabila Nujaimi Ab. Basir, Rosmamuhamadani Ramli, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Syaiful Osman, Sabrina M Yahaya, and Nik Rozlin Nik Mohd Masdek. "The Effect of Scandium (Sc) onto Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of Aluminium-Silicon (Al-Si) Alloy." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 30, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.2.1928.

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Aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) alloy is the metal matrix composite (MMCs), widely used in constructions and transports requiring high strength and ductility. This research focused more on the Al-Si as the base alloy which act as matrix component, while Scandium (Sc) act as the reinforcement and inoculants that helps to reduce the grain size of the base alloys, in order to investigate the effect of Sc onto mechanical properties and wear behaviour of Al-Si alloy. In this research, Al-Si was reinforced with 0.2 to 0.8 wt.% Sc. Al-Si and Sc were melted at 720 °C in high temperature furnace. Al-Si-Sc composite then were poured to stainless steel mould and solidified at room temperature. From results obtained, the increment of Sc increased the value of mechanical properties to Al-Si. The ductility of Al-Si was observed much lower in the absence of Sc. The tensile strength of unrefined Al-Si and Al-Si with 0.6 wt.% Sc were 325 and 377.3 MPa. The hardness value for the unrefined Al-Si also shows less compared with Al-Si with 0.8 wt.% Sc, which were 70 and 85 Hv. Results show that 0.6 wt.% Sc gave the lowest wear rate which was 0.7 x 10-4 at 100 N, while for 150 N, the wear rate was 1.25 x 10-4 g/min. Microstructure of Al-Si-Sc composite alloy has much finer compared to unlined Al-Si alloy. Increased Sc in Al-Si alloy influenced the grain refinement and mechanical strength of that composites.

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Mazur, Rafał. "O poprawności językowej tekstów generowanych przez SI na przykładzie ChatuGPT." LingVaria 19, no. 1(37) (May 6, 2024): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08.

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LANGUAGE ACCURACY OF TEXTS GENERATED BY AI: A CASE STUDY OF CHATGPT The article aims to assess the linguistic accuracy of texts generated by ChatGPT, based on queries that mirror the instructions found in the 2023 secondary school final exam in Polish language and literature. The analysis focused on identifying and classifying language errors and evaluating their frequency. The results of the analysis revealed a varied level of accuracy in AI-generated texts. Most errors occurred in texts containing more complex constructions, where correct formulation required a comprehensive understanding of grammatical rules. The conclusions drawn from the analysis offer insights into the limitations of AI, which users should be mindful of when editing texts using chatbots.

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Oliver, José María. "La construcción transitiva de clítico reflexivo con saber: evidencia del español de Argentina." Revista de Investigación Lingüística 26 (November 14, 2023): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ril.527061.

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In this paper we address a corpus of Argentine Spanish data taken from CORPES XXI that exhibits the combination of the aspectual clitic se with the verb saber as in Juan se sabe la lección. Starting with a general characterization of the constructions with this clitic, we take up Armstrong’s (2013) distinction between agentive constructions with reflexive clitic and transitive constructions with reflexive clitic and apply his predictions to the corpus. We note that, while sentences with saberse are close to the transitive constructions, not all the tests apply, so that it is not possible to argue that these constructions operate uniformly. En este trabajo abordamos un corpus de datos del español de Argentina tomado del CORPES XXI que exhibe la combinación del clítico aspectual se con el verbo saber como en Juan se sabe la lección. A partir de una caracterización general de las construcciones con este clítico, retomamos la distinción de Armstrong (2013) entre construcciones agentivas con clítico reflexivo y construcciones transitivas con clítico reflexivo y aplicamos sus predicciones al corpusrecabado. Observamos que, si bien las oraciones con saberse se acercan a las construcciones transitivas, no todas las pruebas se aplican, de modo que no es posible sostener que estas construcciones operan uniformemente.

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Türkmen, Dervis, Carina Dettenrieder, Pontus Forsberg, Andreas Mattsson, Fredrik Nikolajeff, Lars Österlund, Mikael Karlsson, and Boris Mizaikoff. "Corrosion Detection by Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy via Diamond-Like Carbon-Coated Silicon Wafers and Iron-Sensitive Dyes." Sensors 19, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153373.

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The durability of metal-based constructions, especially those containing reinforced concrete, is mainly limited by corrosion processes. Diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated silicon (Si) wafers provide a chemically inert and mechanically robust sensing interface for application in aggressive environments. In this study, iron-sensitive dyes, i.e., 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) and 1,2-dihydroxybenzol (DHB), were coated onto DLC-modified Si wafers for evaluating the potential of detecting corrosion processes via evanescent field absorption spectroscopy using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained IR spectra reveal discernible changes of the dye layer after exposure to iron solutions, which indicates that indeed corrosion processes may be studied at molecular level detail.

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Auger, Nathalie. "L’enseignement-apprentissage de la langue française en France. Dé-complexifier la question." Diversité 151, no. 1 (2007): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/diver.2007.2835.

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Il est difficile de comprendre les enjeux de la langue française et de son enseignement-apprentissage sans avoir un regard distancié. Les débats sont si passionnés, passionnants, qu’ils entraînent souvent les locuteurs à généraliser des représentations fortement marquées par la subjectivité et les affects ; d’autant mieux que les débatteurs n’ont pas toujours conscience des constructions sociales qui sous-tendent ces représentations.

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Miquelon, Dale. "Les Pontchartrain se penchent sur leurs cartes de l’Amérique : les cartes et l’impérialisme, 1690–17121." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 59, no. 1-2 (April 27, 2006): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012719ar.

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Résumé Les cartes historiques ne sont pas de simples reflets scientifiques de la géographie. Il vaudrait mieux les comprendre comme des « constructions » qui nous révèlent comment les sociétés passées comprenaient leur monde. Elles jouèrent ainsi un rôle important dans la construction d’un « Nouveau Monde de l’esprit » par les ministres français, Louis et Jérôme de Pontchartrain, qui gérèrent le destin du Canada entre 1690 et 1715. Si les cartes de J.-B.-L. Franquelin exposent à la fois le danger et les possibilités d’une politique impérialiste et continentale en Amérique du Nord, les cartes de J.-B. de Couagne nous montrent le choix moins grandiose de Jérôme de Pontchartrain. Ainsi, il nous faut rejeter la thèse d’un impérialisme français de grande envergure dans les dernières années du règne de Louis XIV.

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Aupetit, Hubert. "Géométrie prophétique et temps des prophètes." Courrier Blaise Pascal 46 (2024): 197–215. https://doi.org/10.4000/130cr.

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Prophète, Pascal l’est tout autant quand il annonce par sa géométrie projective les constructions structurales des mathématiques modernes, quand il médite sur le sens des prophéties de l’Ancien Testament, et quand il voit dans le temps chrétien la réalisation figurative de leur accomplissement. Si la structure de l’espace-temps du Royaume évoqué par Jésus reste un mystère, le travail prophétique de Pascal nous aide à l’imaginer.

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Gaatone, David. "Rien de moins évident que le sens de évident : réflexions sur l’opposition entre infinitives et complétives et les rapports entre syntaxe et sémantique." Revue québécoise de linguistique 16, no. 2 (May 12, 2009): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602602ar.

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RésuméEn relation avec un adjectif, une complétive et une infinitive ne sont pas toujours commutables ou, si elles le sont, peuvent quelquefois entraîner une différence de sens. Il est suggéré que ces deux types de constructions se réfèrent à des notions différentes et que leur syntaxe n’est pas sans rapport avec leur sémantisme. Certains emplois récents de l’adjectifévidentsont étudiés en relation avec cette opposition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Constructions in si-'

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