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OLIVEIRA, José Dihego da Silva. "Constructive extensibility of trust worthy component-based systems." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19522.
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As computer systems become ubiquitous, the demand for rigorous and compositional development methods increase dramatically. In the component-based model driven development (CB-MDD) approach, complex systems (sometimes intractable by humans) are build from simple elements, called components. To achieve the CB-MDD goals towards becoming a rigorously development discipline, components and composition rules must be formalised. Moreover, as requirements continuously evolve, there must be mechanisms to refine and safely extend component-based systems. The BRIC component model formalises the CB-MDD core concepts and supports a constructive design based on composition rules that preserves behavioural properties, but do not provide support for component model evolution. In this work we propose inheritance and refinement relations for BRIC. We define a congruent semantics for this model that considers component structure and behaviour. We define refinement as a preorder relation, which is monotonic with respect to the BRIC composition rules. We enhance this component model with support for extensibility via inheritance. The proposed relations allow extension of functionality, whilst preserving service conformance, which we define by means of a convergence notion. We also establish an algebraic connection between component extensibility and refinement. As far as we are aware this is the first time componente inheritance relations are developed for a formal and sound CB-MDD approach. We also integrate the aspect-oriented paradigm into BRIC. We contribute with an approach to capture, specify and use aspects to safely evolve component-based systems. We establish that components extended by aspects preserve the proposed convergence relation that guarantees service conformance. Furthermore, we establish a connection between componente inheritance and aspects, presenting inheritance as a mechanism to define families of componentes and aspects to capture orthogonal concerns over them. The practical relevance of the proposed relations is illustrated by three case studies. One is an autonomous healthcare system, which evolve by the addition of new functionalities via inheritance and by the modularisation of its crosscutting concerns in a reusable and maintainable manner with aspects. Another case study is a bank system, whose functionalities are progressively realised and extended by refinement and inheritance, respectively. Finally, we model a P2P system extended by inheritance to reduce the network traffic.
Na medida em que os sistemas computacionais se tornam mais pervasivos, a demanda por métodos de desenvolvimento rigorosos e composicionais cresce dramaticamente. No desenvolvimento baseado em componentes (CB-MDD), sistemas complexos (muitas vezes humanamente intangíveis) são construídos a partir de elementos mais simples, chamados componentes. Para atingir os objetivos desta abordagem na direção de torná-la uma disciplina formal de desenvolvimento, componentes e regras de composição devem ser formalizados. Além disso, considerando que os requisitos de um sistema estão em constante evolução, necessitamos de mecanismos para refinar e estender de forma confiável tais sistemas. O modelo de componentes BRIC formaliza os conceitos chave da abordagem CB-MDD, além de garantir corretude por construção se baseando em regras de composição que preservam propriedades comportamentais. BRIC, porém, por não possuir relações de extensão, não suporta evolução de modelos baseados em componentes. Neste trabalho propomos relações de herança e refinamento para BRIC. Definimos uma semântica congruente que considera tanto a estrutura quanto o comportamento de componentes. Definimos refinamento como uma relação de pré-ordem, a qual é monotônica em relação as regras de composição de BRIC. Estendemos este modelo de componentes com suporte a extensibilidade via herança. As relações propostas permitem extensão de funcionalidade, ao mesmo tempo em que preservam conformidade de serviços, a qual é definida em termos de uma noção de convergência. Estabelecemos também uma conexão algébrica entre extensibilidade de componentes e refinamento. Até onde estamos cientes, este trabalho é pioneiro no desenvolvimento de noções de herança de componentes para uma abordagem CB-MDD formal e consistente. Também integramos o paradigma orientado a aspectos em BRIC. Contribuímos com uma abordagem para capturar, especificar e adotar aspectos no desenvolvimento confiável de sistemas baseados em componentes. Estabelecemos que componentes estendidos por aspectos preservam convergência, o que garante conformidade de serviços. Além disso, desenvolvemos uma conexão entre herança e aspectos, apresentando herança como um mecanismo para definir famílias de componentes e aspectos para capturar conceitos ortogonais sobre as mesmas. Ilustramos a relevância prática das relações propostas através de três estudos de caso. No primeiro, modelamos um sistema autônomo de cuidados médicos, estendido pela adição de novas funcionalidades via herança e pela modularização de conceitos transversais de forma reusável e manutenível via aspectos. Na sequência, modelamos um sistema bancário, cujas funcionalidades são progressivamente implementadas e estendidas pelo uso de herança e refinamento. Finalmente, modelamos um sistema P2P cujo tráfico é reduzido por extensão via herança.
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Merkel, Gerrit [Verfasser]. "Die Qualifikation des englischen Trusts im deutschen internationalen Privatrecht : Ein Beitrag zur Frage der kollisionsrechtlichen Behandlung des express, resulting und constructive trust / Gerrit Merkel." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212397088/34.
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Hicks, Andrew David. "Conceptualising the constructive trust : a new approach and its specific application to acquisitive breaches of fiduciary obligation." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6437.
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In this thesis I examine the conceptual nature of the constructive trust. In particular I provide a critique of those contemporary theories which view the conceptual choice as one of clear alternatives between the "institutional" and "remedial" constructive trust. Having rejected these unhelpful and somewhat confusing alternatives a new framework for analysis is proposed. The aim of the proposal is to facilitate the reaching of normatively desirable results within a framework that is coherent, rational and illuminating. The framework is applied (and its benefits illustrated) in the second half of the thesis, which focuses on the specific context of acquisitive breaches of fiduciary obligation.
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Weber, Dane B. "Windfall Equity and the Joint Endeavour Principle." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/393194.
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In 1985 the High Court of Australia delivered its judgment in Muschinski v Dodds (1985) 160 CLR 583 which awarded a constructive trust as a remedy. This case concerned a joint endeavour between two parties who were in a de facto relationship. The joint endeavour broke down without attributable blame in circumstances not contemplated by either party. A constructive trust was awarded to prevent one party from unconscionably asserting legal title to property obtained due to the joint endeavour without accounting to the other party for their equitable entitlements. The leading judgment by Deane J in this case was based on two principles. The first principle was that a constructive trust may be awarded as a remedy without a breach of fiduciary duty being necessary, but its use as a remedy must be principled, based on legitimate processes of legal reasoning. The second principle was in finding that principled basis by analogy to the general equitable principles that underpin partnership law which do not let property and rights simply lay where they fall if the parties’ arrangements end unexpectedly. Since 1985, courts across all levels and jurisdictions in Australia have applied the principles in Muschinski v Dodds. In that time, the case has found its principal use in de facto relationships.
Some courts have sought to develop those principles in line with family law concepts, which has also drawn criticism from other courts. Eventually, the family law regime around 2009 finally included de facto relationships. However, the principles in Muschinski v Dodds still found use in other areas of law regarding families that family law does not address, such as the property rights of parents and children. Texts and commentators focus predominantly on these issues, claiming that the Muschinski v Dodds-style of constructive trust is purely remedial and applies to parties who cohabit. Further, in being treated as purely remedial, the principles in Muschinski v Dodds are often used to award any remedy in general for a failed joint endeavour, seemingly without a constructive trust being necessary, such as in Henderson v Miles (No 2) [2005] NSWSC 867 which coined the term ‘windfall equity’.
However, that is only one aspect. During those thirty-plus years, the principles in Muschinski v Dodds have also applied to many cases that involve third parties, ranging from loose family arrangements to sophisticated contractual joint ventures. In these scenarios, whilst the Muschinski v Dodds-style of constructive trust is used as a remedy, it does so by taking advantage of its institutional characteristics: as a trust exists over property, the owner has no beneficial title to the property. This means that a claim by a third party against the property of a party to a joint endeavour may not succeed, as that property may in fact be beneficially owned by another.
Texts and commentators overlook this prominent use of the constructive trust in favour of viewing it as purely remedial. In light of thirty-plus years of case law, this view cannot be sustained. The Muschinski v Dodds-style of constructive trust is not purely remedial: there is, in fact, no distinction between ‘remedial’ and ‘institutional’. A constructive trust arises by operation of law during a joint endeavour. The relevance of joint endeavours is also overlooked, despite joint endeavours being crucial to the Muschinski v Dodds-style of constructive trust.
There has been no discussion on the mechanism for how this constructive trust operates beyond as a purely remedial device, nor has there been discussion on joint endeavours in general. From the case law, the constructive trust is inseparable from the joint endeavour in which it arises. Equity acts when it would be unconscionable for a party to assert their legal rights – this does not require wrongdoing. Further, as these trusts may afford higher priority to property than a third party, there must be some intrinsic character of a joint endeavour that gives rise to a constructive trust. This intrinsic character is of special relevance as, given that a joint endeavour can range from loose family arrangements to sophisticated contractual joint ventures, there is an underlying fabric connecting joint endeavours and joint ventures that has not yet been identified. These questions can be analysed and answered through the lens of corrective justice and unconscionability in Australia.
In actuality, Muschinski v Dodds provides two crucial things. The first is that it provides the grounds for the cause of action of the ‘windfall equity’, which operates when a joint endeavour has broken down without attributable blame in circumstances not contemplated by the parties, and where one party has unconscionably retained property to the exclusion of the other. The second is that it provides a set of unifying principles called the ‘joint endeavour principle’ which governs how Equity assists joint endeavours, regardless of their formality, which includes the regulation of fiduciary duties and the construal of trusts.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
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Berglund, Magnus. "Faktorer som påverkar tillit i ledarskap och organisationer : En kvalitativ studie ur ett medarbetarperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16775.
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Fenomenet ledarskap har sedan länge intresserat forskare från en mängd olika discipliner. Främst har fokus varit på att finna ett allmängiltigt normerande grundrecept utifrån rationella ansatser. Trots en stor mängd vetenskapliga studier, främst baserade på kvantitativt underlag, återstår frågor av mellanmänsklig natur. I sökandet efter det goda och konstruktiva ledarskapet har forskningen den senaste tiden allt mer intresserat sig för fenomenet tillit. Den här studien syftar till att skapa en djupare förståelse för faktorer som bidrar med tillit i ledarskaps sammanhang. I synnerhet berör frågeställningarna vilka faktorer som påverkar tillit i ledarskapet och i organisationer. Främst används beteendeperspektiv som förklaringsmodell. Som underlag för vidare antaganden tolkas empiri från intervjuer. Studien påvisar flera samband mellan redovisade teorier och empiri. Men det finns också flera diskrepanser. Resultatet anger att ett antal faktorer främjar tillit mellan chef och medarbetare. Dialog och återkoppling framträder exempelvis som två viktiga faktorer. Omvänt påverkar s.k. låt-gå ledarskap eller icke-ledarskap medarbetarna och effekten destruktivt. Det framhålls också betydelsen av att organisationen signalerar en tillåtande kultur, att det är tillåtet att göra misstag. Samt att den enskilda chefen har förmåga att skydda medarbetaren från negativ respons. Vidare konstateras också att de vedertagna normativa och rationellt välregisserade teorierna ofta skiljer sig från de tillfrågades mer turbulenta realitet. I intervjuerna framkommer ett samstämmigt behov av att chefer skall tillföra struktur och spelregler. Den kontext som presenteras i studien antas begränsa chefers handlingsförmåga att praktisera de välbeforskade kvantitativa teorierna. Studien påvisar också att konsekvensbedömningar av förväntad respons påverkar medarbetares initiativ. Det är i överenstämmelse med teorin, men där är perspektivet ofta inriktat på relationen chef och medarbetare. Studien indikerar istället att det framförallt är konsekvensbedömningar gentemot kollegor som styr medarbetarnas beteende. Sammantaget påvisar studien att tillit ären viktig faktor i det goda ledarskapet, om än inte den allena saliggörande. Snarare än att vara en enskild agens är tillit en del av en syntes. Utifrån studiens utfall rekommenderas att ytterligare underlag samlas in kring chefers verklighet, för att närmare förstå hur de vedertagnateorierna kan användas praktiskt. Vidare förordas ytterligare undersökningar gällande kollegors inverkan på tillit och beteende.The phenomenon “leadership” has interested researchers from a variety of disciplines for a long time. The main focus has been on finding a normative and universal formula based on rational approaches. Despite a large number of scientific studies, mainly based on quantitative data, questions about the impact of interpersonal relations remain. In the search for the good and constructive leadership, research has recently become increasingly interested in the phenomenon “trust”. This study aims to create a deeper understanding of factors that contribute to trust in a leadership context. In particular issues concerning which factors that affect trust in organizations and in leadership. Behavioral perspectives are mainly used as the explanatory model. As a basis for further assumptions empirical data from interviews are interpreted. The study demonstrates several connections between theories and empirical data. But there are also several discrepancies. The results indicate that a number of factors promote trust between manager and employees, e.g. dialogue and feedback appear to be important. Conversely, “laissez-faire” or “non-leadership” impact employees and organizational effect in a destructive way. The importance of the organization signaling a tolerant culture is also emphasized, that it is permissible to make mistakes. It’s also vital that managers have the ability to protect the employee from negative feedback. Furthermore, it is also stated that the most common normative and rational theories often differ from the more turbulent reality of the respondents. The results also show that there is a need from managers to add structure and rules within the organizations. The context presented in the study is assumed to affect managers' ability to practice the well-researched quantitative theories. The study also shows that consequence assessments of expected response affects initiatives. This is in line with theory, but the perspective is usually focused on the relationship between manager and employee. Instead, the study indicates that it is primarily impact assessments between colleagues that govern employees' behavior. In summary, the study shows that trust is an important factor in constructive leadership, although not the only prevailing one. Rather than being a single agent, trust is a part of a synthesis. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that further data is collected regarding managers' reality, in order to better understand how the well researched quantitative theories can be used in practice. Furthermore, more studies of how colleagues impact trust and behavior are advocated, in order to verify the interpretations.
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Komori-Glatz, Miya. ""Cool my doubt is erased": constructive disagreement and creating a psychologically safe space in multicultural student teamwork." De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2018-0012.
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This paper investigates the roles of disagreement and trust in multicultural teamwork on an English-medium master's programme at an Austrian business university. The teamwork project - assigned by the content teacher - took place mostly outside the classroom and simulated business practice both in terms of the tasks and the multicultural context. Each team comprised two Austrian students and two international students, resulting in an English as a lingua franca (ELF) setting. The teams were observed and audio-/video-recorded, with the analysis focusing on an early stage of the project where they laid the groundwork for the team mental models in terms of establishing the team goals, relationships and communicative practices. Additionally, retrospective interviews were conducted at the end of the project with each of the team members and the lecturer to gain emic insights into the project. The findings suggest a symbiotic relationship between disagreement and trust, in which high levels of trust and the construction of a psychologically safe space allow the team members to disagree with and challenge each other without damaging their relationships, leading to better decisions. In turn, these decisions can contribute to a sense of shared success that strengthens the team's joint identity.
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Ibarra, Garza Rafael. "La protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund : (étude comparée : Droit français-Droit anglais)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020012/document.
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La constitution d’une fiducie-trust a comme effet la création d’une universalité juridique, le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. De cette universalité, les bénéficiaires-cestuis que trusts tirent les avantages que le constituant-settlor a prévu pour eux ; ainsi pour qu’ils puissent obtenir leurs avantages, il faut que le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund soit en bon état. D’où l’importance d’avoir des moyens adéquates qui protègent le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Dans le cas contraire, les possibilités que le but d’une fiducie-trust déterminée soit réalisé se réduisent, et l'efficacité de l'ensemble de l'institution est remise en question. La protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund commence par des moyens qui évitent à cette universalité d’être endommagée. Puisque toute action, comme toute inaction du fiduciaire-trustee, peut avoir des effets négatifs sur le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, il faut empêcher qu’il endommage cette universalité. A l’égard du fiduciaire-trustee, le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund encourt deux dangers : non seulement que le fiduciaire-trustee agisse dans un intérêt autre que celui des cestuis que trusts, mais aussi qu’il soit négligent dans l’exécution de ses obligations. Pour faire face à ces dangers, et empêcher que le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund soit endommagé par le fiduciaire-trustee, deux obligations lui sont imposées : le devoir de loyauté-duty of loyalty et le devoir de diligence-duty of care. D’autre part, si le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund peut être endommagé par le fiduciaire-trustee, il peut aussi être endommagé par des tiers. La protection à l’égard des tiers commence en faisant du fiduciaire-trustee le titulaire des droits mis en fiducie-trust (s’il s’agit d’une propriété, il sera propriétaire ; s’il s’agit d’une créance, il sera créancier) ; elle se poursuit en rendant les biens fiduciés, et donc le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, indépendants du patrimoine du fiduciaire-trustee.Bien qu’il existe des moyens préventifs de protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, ces moyens ne sont pas infaillibles. Ainsi, quand le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund est endommagé, il est nécessaire que le constituant et les bénéficiaires-cestuis que trusts disposent de recours pour faire face aux préjudices soufferts par cette universalité. Parmi les moyens curatifs de protection, on en trouve de nature personnelle : ceux dont les remèdes visent l’exécution en nature de la fiducie-trust et ceux qui visent la réparation du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Pour réparer le dommage causé au patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, on trouve aussi des remèdes de nature réelle. Si le droit anglais offre de vrais remèdes réels, en revanche le droit français offre de « faux » remèdes réels puisque, même si ces remèdes ne sont pas stricto sensu des remèdes réels, ils ont des effets analogues aux remèdes du droit anglaisThe constitution of a fiducie-trust has the effect of creating a patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Because the beneficiaries obtain their benefits from the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund it has to be in a condition that permits them to obtain those benefits. Hence the importance of having adequate means to protect the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. The protection of the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund starts by preventing it from being harmed. Since any action or any inaction of the fiduciaire-trustee can have negative effects on the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, it is necessary to begin by protecting it from the fiduciaire-trustee. There are two situations which have been proven to be dangerous to the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund: a) when the fiduciaire-trustee acts in an interest other than that of those of the beneficiaries and b) when the fiduciaire-trustee is negligent in the performance of his obligations. To cope with these two problems and to prevent the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from being damaged by the fiduciaire-trustee, two obligations are imposed upon him: a) the devoir de loyauté-duty of loyalty and b) the devoir de diligence-duty of care. If the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund is at risk of the actions of the fiduciaire-trustee, it is also at risk of the actions of third parties. The protection of the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from third parties begin by the ownership of the fiduciaire-trustee and continues by separating the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from the personal property of the fiduciaire-trustee. Because the preventive measures that protect the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund are not infallible, it is necessary that the constituant and the beneficiaries have access to legal remedies for when the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund has been damaged. Among the remedial protection are those of personal nature, including remedies for specific enforcement of the fiducie-trust and those that tend to repair the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. To repair the damage caused to the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund there are also real remedies. If English law provides true real remedies, in contrast to French law offers "fake" real remedies because even if the nature of those remedies are not strictly real, they have similar effects to those offered by English law
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Liew, Ying Khai. "Qualified interest constructive trusts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.721513.
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Lau, Hat-lan. "Trust relations in the construction industry /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31457393.
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Lau, Hat-lan, and 劉克蘭. "Trust relations in the construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014917.
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Elias, Gbolahan O. A. "The aims of constructive trusts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303525.
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Zuppa, Diodoro. "Model for developing trust in construction management." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024734.
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Van, der Schyff Elmarie. "The constitutionality of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 / Elmarie van der Schyff." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1663.
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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002
(MPRDA} is premised on the principle that minerals are part of the
natural heritage of all South Africans. Section 3 of the MPRDA
articulates the core of the new mineral law dispensation. Through the
provisions of the said section, new concepts are introduced to the field of
mineral law previously governed by the South African common law
system of private ownership, based on Roman-Dutch principles.
The study focused on section 3 of the MPRDA and the consequences
ensuing from its implementation. Consequently, a historical overview of
the development of South African mineral law was followed by an
exposition of the development of the constitutional property concept. It
was concluded that mineral rights from the previous dispensation
constitute property protected by section 25 of the Constitution. It was
also found that the development encapsulated in the MPRDA in respect
of the ownership of the country's unsevered minerals, is indicative of the
decline of private property. It is substituted by a line of thought which
recognises that certain interests 'are held in common' by the nation.
This idea is also found in inter alia the National Water Act 36 of 1998
and the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998.
This led to the next section of the research where the concept of
custodial sovereignty as manifested in the Anglo-American public trust
doctrine was studied. It was apparent that the public trust doctrine is a
legal construct whereby ownership of certain assets vests in the state, to
be administered on behalf of the nation and generations yet to come.
The historical survey of the Roman concepts of res publicae and res
omnium communes indicated that although this doctrine is not part of
South Africa's common law heritage, principles underlying the doctrine
found application in South African law in respect of the seashore. The
conclusion was reached that the doctrine has indeed been incorporated
in South African mineral law by the MPRDA, constituting a new mineral
law regime in the country.
Due to the fact that a new mineral law dispensation was introduced,
mineral rights as they existed in the previous mineral law dispensation
were annihilated. It was, therefore, necessary to determine whether this
annihilation resulted in the expropriation of property. Consequently the
content of the concept 'expropriation' was studied in order to determine
whether the previously held mineral rights were expropriated. The study
indicated that expropriation entails the acquisition of property by the
state, but that ample room exists for the development of the concept of
constructive expropriation. Based on the information gained on the
concept of expropriation, the consequences ensuing from the MPRDA
for the holders of common law mineral rights and old order rights and the
impact of the MPRDA on ownership of landowners were analysed. It was
indicated that the extent of the deprivation brought about by the MPRDA
varies between expropriation and the regulation of mining activities. The
significance of section 3 of the MPRDA for the people of South Africa
was analysed and it was found that the newly introduced doctrine can be
applied to the advantage of the nation as a whole.
A separate section of the research entailed a limited comparative
analysis of Canadian mining law that focused on constitutional
jurisdiction over minerals in the Canadian mining regime and the taking
of property interests in minerals. It is proposed that the South African
expropriation concept should develop along the lines followed in
Canadian jurisprudence.
After considering the abovementioned aspects, the final conclusion of
the study is that the concepts introduced by and the consequences
emanating from the implementation of section 3 of the MPRDA are
constitutionally justifiable.Thesis (LL.D (Indigenous Law)) -- North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Ong, Eric Mei-Siang Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Trust, commitment, satisfaction and learning in construction project teams." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43411.
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The main aim of this research is to investigate how elements of the dynamic and temporary team environment of construction project teams influence trust, commitment, satisfaction and learning in the teams. While much can be learnt from the current literature about teams, the theories have mainly derived and focused on teams from permanent environments such as manufacturing, hospitality, health care, education and technology sectors. The uniqueness of construction project teams (for example, temporariness and multi-organisations involvement) creates a team working environment different from common permanent work teams. As such, numerous questions arise when we consider how construction project teams function and how the members are influenced by the temporary and dynamic team environment. For example, how do the project team members establish trust and commitment in the project team environment? How does the interdependency on each other to accomplish their assigned tasks influence individual members?? attitudes and learning in the project teams? The research adopted a cross-sectional mixed method research design employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection in Singapore construction industry. The quantitative method involved survey questionnaires collected from 136 construction practitioners from 47 project teams. The qualitative method involved in-depth interviews with 28 construction practitioners. Quantitative statistical analysis was performed on the survey data using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) and qualitative thematic analysis was performed on the interview data using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software - NVivo. Amongst other things the research findings indicated that individual team members?? perceived task interdependence and reward interdependence are positively related to their trust and commitment in the team. Additionally, their satisfaction in the team played a mediating role between the relationships. With respect to team learning, the research found that team goals, task interdependence and reward interdependence influence team learning, and team learning contributes to the performance of project teams. On a broad view, the circumstances in which how team members?? trust, commitment, satisfaction and team learning are influenced appear to be similar with other work teams. However, in-depth interviews with construction professionals revealed many complex and subtle factors relating specifically to construction project teams, such as, multi-projects and multi-organisations involvement, and degree of familiarity between the members before the team is set up. These factors are central to the team members. In conclusion, this study has brought insights into how temporary construction project team environment influence members?? team attitudes and team learning experience.
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McClements, Sharon. "Modelling construction consultant selection based on attributes of trust." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649272.
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Freiman, Rickard, and Leo Nöjd. "Trust in Swedish Construction industry – obstacles, facilitators and positive outcomes." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211255.
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This thesis makes a contribution to the trust literature by analysing and pinpointing specific actions and behaviours that are seen as negative or positive to the building of trust in the construction industry in Sweden today. The thesis therefore aims to look at trust from different perspectives – developer, contractor, consultant and subcontractors in the Swedish construction industry. Specifically, it examines the different notations and definitions of trust from the literature along with a qualitative study aiming at understanding the underlying factors and principles for creating trust. The qualitative data was collected through interviews with seven people. The results show that trust is considered important in all projects and is a prerequisite for a good project. However, there is a lack of trust in the construction industry today, but with a shift of generation and a forthcoming digitisation, a positive trend might be pending. Partnering and other forms of collaboration are seen as facilitating for trust building processes – if implemented in a proper manner. However, partnering is rarely implemented in such a way, why those processes many times fail in ending up in trust. Further, it has been concluded that trust is highly affected in a negative way by changes in standard contracts such as AB/ABT, whereupon such changes should be avoided. Trust is seen as strongly connected with building long-term relationships where opportunism is avoided and future profits rather are given priority. Lastly, trust helps to keep focus on the important things in a project, making the way for a better product in the end. It is also seen as a factor for creating a better work environment and an attractive industry. The study has identified that the major factors affecting trust in the Swedish construction industry are: changes from the standard contracts (AB/ABT), different collaboration forms and the execution of these (mainly partnering), the digitisation and coming generational change, the focus on cheap constructions and a lack of long-term relationships.Det här examensarbetet gör ett bidrag till litteraturen om tillit genom att analysera och precisera specifika handlingar och beteenden som kan anses vara negativa eller positiva för tillitsbyggande i den Svenska byggindustrin. Examensarbetet ämnar därför att se på tillit från olika perspektiv – byggherre, entreprenör, konsulter och underentreprenörer i byggbranschen. Mer specifikt så undersöker den de olika benämningar och definitioner av tillit som finns i litteraturen, tillsammans med en kvalitativ studie som har som sikte att förstå de bakomliggande faktorerna och principerna för att skapa förtroende. Den kvalitativa datan har samlats in genom intervjuer med sju personer. Resultatet visar på att tillit anses vara viktigt i alla projekt och att det är en nödvändig förutsättning för ett bra projekt. Dock så finns det en brist på tillit i byggbranschen idag, men med ett kommande generationsskifte samt en växande digitalisering så kan trenden komma att vända. Partnering och andra samverkansformer ses som främjande för tillitsbyggande processer – om de implementeras på ett korrekt sätt. Däremot är detta sällan fallet, varför sådana processer många gånger misslyckas med att skapa tillit. Vidare så har det visat sig att tillit påverkas starkt negativt av ändringar och avsteg från standardkontrakten AB/ABT, varpå sådana avvikelser borde undvikas. Tillit ses starkt kopplat till att bygga långsiktiga relationer där opportunism undviks och framtida vinster istället prioriteras. Slutligen har det visat sig att tillit hjälper till att hålla fokus på det viktiga i ett projekt vilket möjliggör för att skapa en bättre produkt i slutändan. Tillit ses också som en faktor för att skapa bättre arbetsmiljö och en attraktiv bransch. Studien har identifierat att de största faktorerna som påverkar tillit i den svenska byggindustrin är: ändringar och avsteg från standardkontrakten (AB/ABT), olika samverkansformer och hur dessa utförs, digitaliseringen och det kommande generationsskiftet, fokus på att bygga billigt och en brist på långsiktiga relationer.
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Armour, Colin Edward. "An Evaluation of Individuals' Construction of Personal Trust in Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2435.
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Trust is in decline within organizations resulting from poor management and ethical indifference. Failing to address trust perceptions has led to stress between management and employees. Researchers have studied organizational trust as a constant quality within groups but have neglected the uniquely individual constructs of trust that inhibit trust-building efforts. The purpose of this quantitative study was to evaluate how personal constructs of trust may affect outcomes at the organizational level among workers and managers in hierarchal structured organizations. The topics of the research questions addressed the extent which cultural values and the relative trust situation affected individuals' perceptions of the state of trust in organizations. The recruitment strategy included 92 managers and workers over the age of 18 from the Survey Monkey Audience participation pool. The theoretical framework was Glidden's structuration and Bandera's social cognitive theories. The data analysis strategy involved implementing Pedhazur and Schmelkin's procedures for multiple regressions along with effect coding. The study included a survey instrument composed of Hofstede's Values Survey Module 2013 and Chathoth's Trust and Employee Satisfaction Survey. The results indicated an association between social-cultural values and trust. The results from Chathoth's Trust and Employee Satisfaction Survey indicated that the variables of integrity, commitment, and dependability all had a significant statistical association with the demographic role in the organization and with Hofstede's quality of individualism. To enact positive social change, organizational leaders would benefit from evaluating the managerial and worker relationships indicated in the study and incorporate them into trust-building programs.
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Cornelissen, Laurenz Aldu. "Identity positioning for trust : a narrative analysis on consultant identity construction." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80067.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses narrative analysis to explore the ways by which consultants seek to improve their perceived trustworthiness in initial client-consultant interactions. It is argued that consultants rely on identity-based trust perceptions by the clients and that this basis for trust can be favourably presented, within certain constraints, through narrative positioning. This narrative positioning, in the service of identity construction, is called identity positioning in the thesis. The thesis is situated in the literature on management consulting aimed at micro-level high-contact client-consultant interactions. These kinds of interactions trade on trust and identity. The various bases for trust are described, namely identity, structural, and dispositional based trust. Amongst these three bases, identity trust is highlighted as the most dominant in the context of clientconsultant interactions, especially in initial interactions where the consultant is unknown to the participants. It is to be expected in initial interactions that there will be a lot of scope for identity construction. A framework is then developed to relate identity construction and trust, which can be used as the basis for narrative positioning analysis. The framework consists of two dimensions along which identities can be positioned: social obligations and relational positioning latitude. It is argued that dispositional trust relates to relational positioning latitude, whereas structural bases of trust relates to social obligations. Identity based trust therefore indicates where the consultant fits within the structural or dispositional bases of trust. It is then shown how context moderates which of the trust bases will be dominant, and how this might manifest in the narrative of the consultant. It provides three general contexts, each leading to the emergence of a particular dominant basis for trustworthiness perceptions by the clients. The particular case analysed in this thesis correlates to a specific contexts within the framework. This context is where the consultant is unknown. The last part of the thesis illustrates the use of the framework and context as it guides the analysis of a particular consultant’s personal narrative during an initial interaction with clients. The analysis is then repeated for the consultant's software product narrative. The structures of the two narratives are then compared to show how the consultant also attempted to extend the identity-based trust to his software product.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis maak gebruik van narratiewe analise om die maniere te verken waarop konsultante die persepsies van hul betroubaarheid probeer verbeter in die aanvang fase van kliënt-konsultant interaksies. Daar word aangevoer dat konsultante staatmaak op identiteit-gebaseerde vertroue persepsies deur die kliënte en dat dié basis van vertroue gunstig aangebied kan word, binne sekere beperkings, deur middel van narratiewe posisionering. Hierdie narratiewe plasing, wat in die diens van die konstruksie van identiteit is, word identiteit posisionering genoem in die tesis. Die tesis is geleë in die literatuur oor bestuurs konsultering met die oogmerk op mikrovlak hoëkontak kliënt-konsultant interaksies. Hierdie soort interaksies handel in vertroue en identiteit. Die verskillende basisse vir vertroue word beskryf, naamlik identiteit, strukturele, en disposisionele gebaseerde vertroue. Onder hierdie drie basisse, word identiteit gebaseerde vertroue as die mees dominante in die konteks van die kliënt-konsultant interaksies uitgelig, veral in die eerste interaksies waar die konsultant onbekend is aan die deelnemers. Dit is verwag, in die aanvangs fase van sulke interaksies, dat daar baie ruimte vir die konstruksie van identiteit is. 'n Raamwerk word dan ontwikkel om die konstruksie van identiteit en vertroue in verband te bring, wat dan kan gebruik word as die basis vir die analise van narratiewe posisionering. Die raamwerk bestaan uit twee dimensies waarlangs identiteite kan geplaas word: sosiale verpligtinge en relasionele posisionering omvang. Daar word aangevoer dat disposisionele vertroue betrekking het tot relasionele posisionering omvang, terwyl die strukturele basis van vertroue verband hou met sosiale verpligtinge. Identiteit gebaseerde vertroue dui dus waar die konsultant pas binne die strukturele of disposisionele basisse van die trust. Daar word dan getoon hoe konteks modereer welke van die vertroue basisse oorheersend sal wees, en hoe hierdie kan manifesteer in die narratief van die konsultant. Dit bied drie algemene kontekste, wat elk lei tot die opkoms van 'n bepaalde dominante basis vir betroubaarheid persepsies deur die kliënte. Die besondere geval geanaliseer in die tesis korreleer met 'n spesifieke kontekste binne die raamwerk. Hierdie konteks is waar die konsultant onbekend is aan die kliënte. Die laaste deel van die tesis illustreer die gebruik van die raamwerk en konteks waar dit die ontleding van 'n spesifieke konsultant se persoonlike narratief tydens 'n aanvanklike interaksie met kliënte lei. Die analise word dan vir die konsultant se sagteware produk narratief herhaal. Die strukture van die twee verhale word dan vergelyk om te wys hoe die konsultant ook probeer het om die identiteit-gebaseerde vertroue uit te brei na sy sagteware produk.
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Manu, Emmanuel. "Supply chain management practices in construction and inter-organisational trust dynamics." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/333133.
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The poor trust culture in the construction sector is often considered an inhibiting factor to collaboration success in the United Kingdom (UK) despite reform efforts. Numerous reform initiatives tend to have focused on improvements in client and main contractor aspects of construction supply chain relationships, prompting claims that failure to integrate subcontractors, suppliers and consultants into collaborative arrangements remains a major shortcoming. Main contractor and subcontractor relationships therefore continue to be typified by such problems as late payments, charging fees to tender for work, award of contracts based on cheapest price rather than best value, negative margins and demand of retrospective discounts and cash rebates; all of which negatively impact on trust. Some main contractor organisations however, continue to embed supply chain management practices as a strategy for levering value from subcontractors. Such collaborative practices and their implications for inter-organisational trust development, and indeed overall project outcomes, have nonetheless received limited attention in construction management research, raising significant questions on the empirical basis for their implementation. This research was thus undertaken to investigate strategic supply chain management practices adopted by UK main contractors and its implications for inter-organisational trust development during projects. The study adopts a multiple case study design so as to unravel complex subtleties of inter-organisational trust development in the main contractors’ supply chain during projects. With four purposefully selected UK main contractor organisations that had implemented strategic supply chain management, data was gathered through a supply chain workshop, semi-structured interviews, passive observations and documentary analysis. From analysis of the data, it was revealed that strategic supply chain management practices of the main contractors were instrumental for trust manifestation across cognition, system and relational based dimensions. These practices served as constitutive elements of face-to-face interactions through which inter-organisational trust developed, whilst providing the institutional framework to which respective supply chain parties directed their psychological expectations. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a core of subcontractors from which the main contractor can leverage long-term value irrespective of economic climate. This can be achieved by adequately prioritizing relationally trusted subcontractors for sensitive and high risk work packages whilst ensuring that strategic supply chain management principles can be used to engender impersonal (cognition and system-based) trust dimensions amongst other subcontractors used on a project. Accordingly, a supply chain management oriented framework for engendering inter-organisational trust during projects has been developed based on the study findings and evaluated through semi-structured interviews with selected target participants. This framework does not only provide a systematic and coherent approach for implementing or benchmarking strategic supply chain management in a main contractor’s organisation, but can also be used to prioritize and promote different trust dimensions and their associated behavioural consequences on projects, depending on perceived work package risks.
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Umuhoza, Denise. "Metric of trust for mobile ad hoc networks using source routing algorithms." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8946_1183465240.
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This thesis proposed and presented technical details of new probabilistic metrics of trust in the links wireless ad hoc networks for unobservable communications. In covert communication networks, only the end nodes are aware of the communication characteristics of the overall path. The most widely used protocols of ad hoc networks was overviewed. The routing protocols of ad hoc networks with trust considerations and select Destination Sequence Routing, a protocol that can be used in distributed ad hoc network settings for path discovery, was also reviewed. It establishes a path through which all packets sent by a source must pass to the destination. The end nodes are responsible for examining the statistics of the received packets and deriving inferences on path feature variations which are used for computing new trust metrics. When a path is judged not trustworthy based on the metrics, the Destination Sequence Routing is informed to undertake a new trusted path discovery between the end points. The thesis added a new feature based on the quality of service parameters of the path to create trust in the links in recognition of attacks.
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Davis, Peter Rex, and p. davis@curtin edu au. "The Application of Relationship Marketing to Construction." RMIT University. School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061010.122434.
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Relationship Marketing is relatively unknown in construction, but is widely researched in non project disciplines and applied similarly. Relationship marketing as a sub-component of marketing provides valuable and reliable tools that a manager can use to enhance a service that is being provided to a range of clients. It provides a better solution to client interaction than traditional marketing due to its focus on mutual attainment of common goals. The purpose of relationship marketing is to attract new clients and ensure that existing clients are looked after in a collaborative engagement where objectives are identified and mutual goals set. Overall collective aims of venture participants are identified and achieved. The aim of the research is to identify key relationship factors that should be considered when selecting a construction service. This is achieved through a number of steps that include: examining the principles of marketing and its association with RM; examining alliance principles and construction RM principles, supply chain and service selection issues and relationship development constructs; interviewing a number of construction actors to theorise issues that are important to construction, its connections and relationships. Other activities include interviewing a substantial body of construction actors that have experience of Alliance projects and are able to comment on the relationship development process and observe activities undertaken at a number of alliance development and alliance lessons learned (outcome) workshops. The research identifies methods that enable relationships to be developed and a model that gives buyers the ability to pre-qualify and select contractors that are committed to providing value is provided. The main findings from the research show that RM has many attributes that should be applied to construction; indeed several aspects of RM are currently being applied in alliance projects. The particular form that RM takes in alliance projects is in the relationship development of the stakeholders. These stakeholders eventually become the virtual team who manage the project. In particular the development of trust, commitment and mutual goals in alliance projects form a close parallel with similar constructs in RM. Four themes were discovered to make a difference in relationship development in construction. They were the process of the relationship development workshop; the underlying attributes associated with the development process, in particular trust, trust building, commitment and communication; the outcome for the team; and organisational issues associated with individuals in the relationship development workshops. The particular contribution that the research identifies is in the various models of relationship development that have been constructed throughout the research period. The first, an interim model, identifies a marketing continuum that forms a framework and provides an insight into the ways in which RM may reduce stress and reasons for conflict in a construction project team. At the same time the model shows how increased trust, commitment and satisfaction for the stakeholders, together with value adding potential in the supply chain, may be attained with the use and application of RM principles. The second interim model builds on the first model and applies an organisational focus to the original project based model described earlier. Ongoing relationships based on project success are identified. A third and final interim model identifies the association between process (project) and product success with transactional and relationship marketing. The model identifies how a RM approach provides a long term project success that may be translated to marketing success in a particular industry sector through ongoing relationships. Finally, building on the aforementioned interim models a construction relationship development model is proposed. It is suggested that these models develop and contribute to emerging theory on RM in a project environment and its application to construction. The models also contribute to relationship development theory applied to project driven and temporary organisations. These temporary organisations are particular to the construction industry and they stand to benefit greatly from this research.
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Chapple, Larelle June. "Abuse of corporate power." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Ho, Chui-yin Liwina. "The potential for partnering in Hong Kong construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948088.
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Ngai, Chi-choy Ben. "A study of project team trust and its relationship with project performance, coherence and level of integration /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2595023x.
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Shmilovits, Liron. "Deus ex machina : legal fictions in private law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286225.
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This PhD dissertation is about legal fictions in private law. A legal fiction, broadly, is a false assumption knowingly relied upon by the courts. The main aim of the dissertation is to formulate a test for which fictions should be accepted and which rejected. Subsidiary aims include a better understanding of the fiction as a device and of certain individual fictions, past and present. This research is undertaken, primarily, to establish a rigorous system for the treatment of fictions in English law - which is lacking. Secondarily, it is intended to settle some intractable disputes, which have plagued the scholarship. These theoretical debates have hindered progress on the practical matters which affect litigants in the real world. The dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a historical study of common-law fictions. The conclusions drawn thereform are the foundation of the acceptance test for fictions. The second chapter deals with the theoretical problems surrounding the fiction. Chiefly, it seeks precisely to define 'legal fiction', a recurrent problem in the literature. A solution, in the form of a two-pronged definition, is proposed, adding an important element to the acceptance test. The third chapter analyses modern-day fictions and recommends retention or abolition for each fiction. In the fourth chapter, the findings hitherto are synthesised into a general acceptance test for fictions. This test, which is the thesis of this work, is presented as a flowchart. It is the author's hope that this project will raise awareness as to the merits and demerits of legal fictions, de-mystify the debate and bring about reform.
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Gordon, Joel Christopher. "Development of the Full Height Truss Frame." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7136.
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The full height truss frame (FHTF) is an exciting new residential framing system in response to the need for low floor-to-floor steel construction. The FHTF has the potential to provide low floor-to-floor heights, a column free first floor area, an integrated frame that uses the entire height to resist loads, and the capacity to resist both gravity and lateral loads.
Because of its configuration, the full structural height can be used to resist loads. A FHTF is made up of stacked floor trusses that result in one full height truss spanning the entire width of the building. The FHTF is constructed in a conventional manner one floor at a time. The strength, inertia, and truss height will increase as each floor is added. Therefore, the construction sequence will affect the final stresses in the members.
The purpose of this thesis was to analyze and design two prototype FHTFs, to compare the economy of the prototypes with similar staggered truss frames, and to develop an approximate method to calculate staged member stresses. Each prototype was analyzed using a computer program and designed according to the 2001 American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design. The prototypes were used to assess the strength and serviceability of the structures, and the results of the staged analysis were used to validate the numerical method developed to approximate a staged loading sequence based on the non-staged dead load results.
The results of the analysis and design of the prototypes was the initial step in confirming the viability of the FHTF for use in the residential multistory market. FHTFs can be designed with preexisting procedure, and are capable of offering low floor-to-floor heights. The prototypes exhibited excellent lateral stiffness against wind loads. The numerical method for estimating the staged dead load accurately approximated the results of the analysis preformed by ETABS. The numerical method can be used to simulate a variety of sequences in order to optimize the stages. Lastly, the FHTF was shown to be competitive with the staggered truss systems in terms of material usage, fabrication, and construction.
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Faisol, Nasruddin. "An investigation of relational contracting norms in construction projects in Malaysia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5918.
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The importance of good relationship among parties in the construction industry has been accepted as one of the central issues of an organisation's success. The growing acceptance to the Relational Contracting approaches that representing partnering, supply chain alliances and other types of collaborative working relationships shows how construction organisations are moving forward from the traditional adversarial culture to a more harmonious working environment. However the application of the Relational Contracting Norms in the context of national culture has received relatively little attention in the literature. This study attempts to fill this void by investigating how good relationships develop within construction projects in Malaysia. It also investigates the adaptability of the relational contracting norms in different cultural setting and explores whether similar relational contracting norms emerge in different projects before developing a relationship development model that is applicable to the academic and practitioners. By using qualitative approach, the main data was collected from 36 semi-structured in-depth interviews across four case studies. The results were validated by 20 follow-up interviews with selected respondents, two stages of expert interviews and cross-case analysis. This study found that good relationships within construction projects in the Malaysian construction industry developed from the interplay of twelve structural and relational dimensions that went through three stages of relationship development process in project setting. It highlights the significant importance of the value and emotion-related dimensions in developing good relationships. A relationship development model was produced based on these twelve dimensions (special contract directive, power, performance, trust, commitment, loyalty, personal relationships, emotions, values, social interaction, work inter-dependency and political connection). The research contributes to construction management literature by supporting the Transaction Cost Economics Theory and extends the Relational Contracting Theory. It proposes seven new dimensions that are incorporated in the newly proposed relationship development model. Although the study was conducted in a specific national culture, it is argued that the model is applicable to other context on the basis that spiritual, emotional and human components of the work experience could be learned by other cultures.
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Ngai, Chi-choy Ben, and 倪子才. "A study of project team trust and its relationship with project performance, coherence and level of integration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251705.
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Tidwell, Paul H. "Design and construction of a double-octahedral variable geometry truss manipulator." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74544.
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This thesis deals with the design and construction of a variable geometry truss (VGT) of the double-octahedral (pyramid-pyramid) geometry. The truss is expected to be the focus of several experimental research projects. In this thesis, a kinematic model is formulated, and the forward and inverse kinematic problems are solved. Issues of motor and instrumentation choices are addressed. Dimensional choices and the important problems of joint design are examined. A computer simulation is performed for force and vibration analysis.
A fully collapsible double-octahedral variable geometry truss with three degrees of freedom was built using NC machining technologies. An improved second generation twenty-one degree-of-freedom truss will be built based on this original test article.Master of Science
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Underwood, Catherine Richardson. "Permanent Bracing Design for MPC Wood Roof Truss Webs and Chords." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31581.
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The objectives of this research were to determine the required net lateral restraining force to brace j-webs or j-chords braced by one or more continuous lateral braces (CLB's), and to develop a methodology for permanent bracing design using a combination of lateral and diagonal braces.
SAP2000 (CSI, 1995), a finite element analysis program, was used to analyze structural analogs for three sets of truss chords braced by n-CLB's and one or two diagonals, one web braced by one and two CLB's, and j-truss chords braced by n-CLB's.
System analogs used to model five eight-foot truss chords braced by three CLB's and one diagonal, six twenty-foot truss chords braced by nine CLB's and two diagonals, and eleven twenty-foot truss chords braced by nine CLB's and two diagonals were analyzed. For each of the three cases analyzed, the chord lumber was assumed to be 2x4 No. 2 Southern Pine (S. Pine) braced by 2x4 STUD Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF). Chord load levels of 10% to 50% of the allowable compression load parallel-to-grain assuming le/d of 16 were studied. All wood-to-wood brace connections were assumed to be made with 2-16d Common nails. A nonlinear load-displacement function was used to model the behavior of the nail connections.
Single member analogs were analyzed that represented web members varying in length from four-feet to twelve-feet braced by one and two CLB's. The web and CLB's were assumed to be 2x4 STUD SPF. The web members were also analyzed assuming 2x6 STUD SPF.
Single member analogs were analyzed that represented chord members varying in length from four-feet to forty-feet braced by n-CLB's spaced twenty-four inches on-center. The truss chord was assumed to be No. 2 Southern Pine and the CLB's were assumed to be STUD SPF. The chord size was varied from 2x4 to 2x12 and connections were assumed to consist of 2-16d Common nails. The system analog analysis results were compared to the single member chord analysis results based on the number of truss chords and the diagonal brace configuration.
For the three cases studied involving multiple 2x4 chords braced as a unit (and believed to be representative of typical truss construction), the bracing force from the single member analog analysis was a conservative estimate for bracing design purposes. It was concluded that the single member analysis analog yields approximate bracing forces for chords larger than 2x4 and for typical constructions beyond the three cases studied in this research.
For analysis and design purposes, a ratio R was defined as the net lateral restraining force per web or chord divided by the axial compressive load in the web or chord. For both 2x4 and 2x6 webs braced with one CLB, the R-value was 2.3% for all web lengths studied. For both 2x4 and 2x6 webs braced with two CLB's, the R-value was 2.8% for all web lengths studied. The web and CLB lumber species did not affect the R-values for the braced webs.
Calculated R-values for truss chords, 2x4 up to 2x12, braced by n-CLB's assumed to be spaced two feet on-center for chords four to twelve feet in length ranged from 2.2% to 3.0%, respectively. For chords from sixteen to forty feet in length, R ranged from 3.1% to 2.6%, respectively. The lumber species and grade assumed for the chord and CLB did not affect the R-values for the truss chords.
Step-by-step design procedure was developed for determining the net lateral restraining force required for bracing j-chords based on the results of the single member analogs studied. The required total lateral restraining force for j-compression members in a row can be calculated based on the R-value for or the number of CLB's installed at 2 feet on-center, the design axial compression load in the chord, and number of trusses to be braced.Master of Science
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Hoti, Aida, and Anjelica Ingemarson. "The utilization of Knowledge Management (KM) in the Swedish construction industry : A study conducted at Varberg Municipality in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31497.
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The purpose of this study is to describe and understand how the work with Knowledge Management (KM) is performed in the Swedish construction process of condominiums/rental apartments. This in order to develop a conceptual framework of the influence of culture, collaboration and trust on KM (tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, the KM process, and knowledge sharing and transfer) in the Swedish construction process of condominiums/rental apartments.The purpose of this study is to describe and understand how the work with Knowledge Management (KM) is performed in the Swedish construction process of condominiums/rental apartments. This in order to develop a conceptual framework of the influence of culture, collaboration and trust on KM (tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, the KM process, and knowledge sharing and transfer) in the Swedish construction process of condominiums/rental apartments. The theoretical framework consists of classical KM theories in order to develop a knowledge base for the concept of KM. The classical KM theories are presented together with more recent theories concerning KM. Influencing factors such as culture, collaboration and trust are added to the theoretical framework in relation to KM in order to present the human factors of KM (non-IT KM). There has also been a focus on knowledge sharing and transfer since they are of great importance in the specific research context of this study. The findings was that culture, collaboration and trust have a strong impact on the way the different parties work with KM. Therefore, these concepts are found to be essential for enabling an effective KM, especially knowledge sharing and transfer. The parties do not have an extensive formal KM strategy that includes technological parts. Nor do they have a formal strategy that deals with culture, collaboration and trust and therefore they rely on the relationships and the human factor.
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Sagar, S. K. "Model for assessment of trust within virtual project teams of construction sector in the Middle East." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42205/.
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The globalisation and changing customer needs in the Middle East required many construction companies to adopt virtual project teams for their business activities and is facing number of challenges. The Middle East is a multicultural region and hence, it’s very important to understand the phenomenon of these virtual project teams who relate across multiple cultures. A great deal of literature has pointed on the importance of trust as a facilitator of positive relationships among project stakeholders and affecting the performance of the virtual project teams. It has been found through comprehensive literature review that lack of trust among team members greatly affects the performance of the team. The studies also revealed that not much has been explored on trust building among virtual team members especially in the context of the Middle East. This research work aimed to identify key factors affecting trust in virtual project teams of construction sector and to develop a model to analyse the impact of these factors on trust of virtual teams in the context of Middle East. The comprehensive literature review of virtual project teams and existing models of trust, though not in context of the Middle East, helped in identifying various variables of trust. Both the quantitative and qualitative techniques are used in this research. The development of online questionnaire provided inputs from 403 professionals (team members and team leaders) from the virtual project teams of the Middle East. The analysis of this data through various statistical software such as IBM SPSS and AMOSv22 contributed to the identification of factors (drivers and barriers) of trust and testing of hypothesis. The model of trust evolved was validated through the semi-structured interviews of project managers and team members of virtual project teams of the construction sector of the Middle East. The ISM methodology was used to understand the relationships between various factors of trust. The IRP technique helped to identify four benefits of trust and helped to rank the various factors of trust according to the benefits of trust with respect to the construction projects of the Middle East. The key findings resulted from this research was that the degree of communication among virtual project teams, characteristics of team members, organizational culture of the company and cohesion among team members enhances the building of trust among virtual project teams and hence better performance of the team. Further especially in context of the Middle East, the research concluded that the diversity of the team members - functional or cultural- does not affect negatively in the development of trust. Further to this, the task- based and process based conflicts actually help the team to fulfil the organizational goals whereas the relationship based conflicts results in ego issues which creates distrust among the virtual project team members. It has been found that the leadership skills of superior and task- technology fit does not have any affect in the building of trust. Also the results showed that the teams should be mix of experienced and fresh team members. Therefore, this model of trust offered practical guidelines to senior management and project managers of Architectural/Engineering/Construction Companies for managing the virtual project teams in construction sector and enhancing their performance in the virtual projects. This model definitely added value to the existing knowledge on virtual project teams.
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Venter, Johannes Philippus. "(Re)construction in progress a social constructionist reification of the therapeutic relationship /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132004-111824.
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Oikawa, Stephen Oliver. "Design and construction of a four-bay variable-geometry-truss manipulator arm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ45463.pdf.
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Jones, Michael Wayne. "An analysis of the impact of information systems on the level of trust in the construction industry." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/717.
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Even though the current level of communication and information sharing is greater than it has ever been throughout the history of the construction industry, the problem under investigation stems from the results of current research that indicate that many major projects have difficulty in achieving client expectations, resulting in a negative image of the construction industry. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact on the level of trust in the use of information systems between construction firms and their clients. The theoretical foundations of this research were based in interdependence and coordination theories. While information systems enable improved communication processes, coordination and interdependency are central to mutually successful completion of construction projects. However, there is a lack of a prescriptive view present in the literature regarding the role of trust in enhancing client satisfaction through the use of information systems. The research questions that underlay this study were based on discovering the extent and nature of mistrust between contractors and their clients. Through the use of a qualitative methodology, data were collected through responses from a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. By analyzing consistencies in the responses, the researcher used grounded theory to determine trends and consistencies. The results revealed that while contractors believed trust existed between contractors and clients, clients believed mutual trust was low despite the increased communication through emails and current information systems. By emphasizing the notion of mutual trust in the communication process, contractors can improve the image of the construction industry. The magnitude of social change could result in more successful and timely completion of projects saving millions of dollars.
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Hedberg, Per Henrik. "Interpersonal society : essays on shared beliefs, trust, mnemonic oppression, distributive fairness, and value creation." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Marknadsföring och strategi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1761.
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Wang, Hongqing Vincent. "Computer-aided design methods for the additive fabrication of truss structure." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17249.
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Thompson, Nicholas J. "Relationship marketing and client trust toward contractors within the large private building sector of the UK construction industry." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404653.
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Ho, Chui-yin Liwina, and 何翠賢. "The potential for partnering in Hong Kong construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251444.
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Pishdad-Bozorgi, Pardis. "Case-based Study and Analysis of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Approach and Trust-Building Attributes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77143.
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The goal of this Ph.D. research is to explore the IPD contractual strategies, to highlight the elements that distinguish IPD from a traditional delivery approach, to analyze how trust-based relationships are established and promoted, and to demonstrate if/how trust and IPD contractual principles correlate.
The result of this research will promote the understanding of the industry on the strategies that promote trust and integration through real world case studies. The significance of the subject becomes more evident when reflecting on the current industry's crisis: productivity loss, fragmented delivery process, and lack of trust and collaboration.
Through a literature review a Project Delivery and Contracting Strategies (PDCS) framework, an IPD traits framework, and a trust-Building framework are developed. The frameworks are used as the organizational tools to structure and inquire relevant information on the two IPD projects.
An expert panel is assembled to discuss the frameworks and the findings of literature analysis and to seek the industry's insight on the units of analysis for contract, and the units of measure for trust. The units of analysis for contract are elements, such as strategies for risks/rewards sharing, liability considerations, decision making authority, and governance. The units of measure for trust are the individuals' perception, and the trust-building attributes as outlined in table 4-1.
Two IPD projects were selected and their contract agreements were studied. A questionnaire including both open-ended questions and multiple choice questions was developed based on the information collected through: 1. the IPD agreements in each case study, 2. the literature-based frameworks on trust and project delivery contracting strategies. Accordingly, two IPD case studies are developed following the analysis of their IPD agreements and the individual one-on-one interviews with their key IPD players.
The trust-building framework presented in this work includes a series of techniques that the contracting parties can follow when establishing their contractual and managerial strategies and also when interacting with each other.Ph. D.
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Hinton, Mark Anthony. "Convenient immorality: a substantive theory of competitive procurement in the New Zealand construction industry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8714.
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Fragmented and adversarial are words used routinely to describe firstly the structure of the construction industry, and secondly the inherent culture that continues to exist within it. Both are characteristics that ultimately serve to not only routinely constrain the efficiency, performance and resultant productivity of the New Zealand building sector, but moreover they persist to play a part in increasing related costs whilst diminishing the quality of the built environment surrounding us. The ubiquity of the outsource model goes some way towards mitigating much of the risk and financial encumbrances that large construction companies have historically faced. But consequentially it is directly responsible for an industry now propagated mostly by small, specialist trade subcontracting organisations that for the most part are reliant upon securing work through construction companies. Contiguous to a degree is the propensity of an industry focussed upon procuring construction by means of competitive tendering, an approach whereby successful bids are traditionally weighted towards those incorporating the lowest initial cost.
To garner an understanding of the role that contextual significance plays in construction procurement this study was facilitated by utilising a constructivist grounded theoretical approach. Data was generated by the way of fifty interviews with construction industry stakeholders, inclusive of Sub-Contractors, Main Contractors, Consultants, Architects and Clients. Subsequent analysis reveals that in response to power asymmetry and other environmental conditions, organisations have developed numerous proactive, reactive and opportunistic strategies and behaviours that become evident as the procurement process progresses. This study highlights and explains the relationships and factors from which an industry actor’s rationale is drawn. Furthermore, however, it argues that the proponents of construction industry procurement will when necessary, relax their ordinarily pre-conditioned moral constraints and consciously venture into business practices considered by their peers to be somewhat immoral.
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Chene, Anne-Claire. "La dynamique de la confiance entre individus et organisation dans une "entreprise libérée" : un processus complexe de construction de sens." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2027.
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Alors que la confiance devient plus que jamais nécessaire dans les entreprises pour faire face à l’incertitude de notre monde interconnecté et constamment changeant, force est de constater que nous en savons peu sur la façon de faire confiance, particulièrement dans les organisations, au-delà de la posture managériale. Cette thèse explore cette question en s’appuyant sur une étude de terrain en immersion pendant trois ans dans le cadre d’une CIFRE dans un cabinet de conseil et services informatiques de 200 personnes qui s’inscrivait dans le courant des entreprises libérées et a placé la confiance au cœur de son fonctionnement. Dans une démarche de théorie ancrée, les itérations entre collecte de données, analyse et conceptualisation conduisent à définir la confiance comme suspension de l’incertitude et à conclure que faire confiance est un processus complexe de construction de sens impliquant les niveaux individuel et collectif et qui est non seulement cognitif mais aussi émotionnel et identitaire. Cette thèse présente quatre déclinaisons du processus correspondant à quatre façons de faire confiance, appelées confiance-sécurisation, confiance-clarification, confiance-interaction et confiance-identification, qui s’appliquent aux individus et aux organisations et ouvrent des pistes quant à la façon dont les organisations peuvent construire et maintenir la confiance en construisant du sens d’une façon propre à leur contexteAt a time when trust seems more necessary than ever in companies to cope with the uncertainty in our interconnected and constantly changing world, how to trust is still little known, especially at the level of organizations, beyond the managerial posture. This thesis explores this issue based on a three-year immersion field study in a 200-person consulting and IT services firm that was part of the « liberated company » stream and had placed trust at the heart of its operations. In a Grounded Theory approach, the iterations between data collection, analysis and conceptualization led us to define trust as the suspension of uncertainty and to find out that trust is a complex sensemaking process involving the individual and collective levels jointly and that this process is not only cognitive but also emotional and identity-based. We have identified four declinations of the process, corresponding to four ways of trusting, which we called securing-way-of-trusting, clarifying-way-of-trusting, interacting-way-of-trusting and identifying-way-of-trusting. These four ways of trusting apply to individuals and organizations and open up avenues as to how organizations can support the trusting process via sensemaking according to their own context
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Pritchard, Stephen G. "The social construction of landscape scale conservation projects as delivered by The Wildlife Trusts in England." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2017. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5712/.
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Wildlife conservation in England is in transition because nature reserve based conservation has three weaknesses. They have not reversed biodiversity decline, nor do they provide the means for species to move across the landscape in response to climate change, and most reserves are too small to be part of an ecosystem approach to conservation. Landscape scale conservation (LSC) addresses these deficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of my thesis was to understand the meaning of LSC as implemented in the Living Landscapes schemes of The Wildlife Trusts (TWT) movement in England. My research also examined the governance and management of these schemes. I used a constructivist approach to investigate the institutions and discourses of Living Landscapes. To do this, I conducted an email survey of the 36 Trusts in England and then studied the available documentation that describes Living Landscapes. Then I carried out a series of in-depth interviews with stakeholders associated with five Wildlife Trusts. The purpose of these interviews was to understand what their Living Landscape schemes meant to these stakeholders. The email survey and subsequent document study revealed the range and type of Living Landscapes across England. LSC is complex, suggesting that ecosystem services are too intricate a typography to assign to these schemes. I developed an understanding of what is meant by LSC through the lens of stakeholders in Living Landscapes. I examined TWT’s LSC vision which revealed the discourses and formal and informal institutions of Living Landscapes. I also examined Lockwood’s framework for LSC governance, one of LSC’s institutions. My research examined the Wildlife Trust movement’s approach to delivering LSC. Two types of institutions are evident, informal institutions define the physical attributes of Living Landscapes, whilst formal institutions are characteristic of their governance and management. Its key discourses of conservation, education and community engagement define Living Landscapes, whilst ecosystem services emerged as a new discourse to reflect the multifaceted cultural and historical elements in the landscape. TWT’s once insular approach to governance is in transition to a pluralistic model that encourages greater community involvement. Therefore, if LSC is to be a template for successful conservation it must embrace a wider definition of both conservation and governance.
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Ahmetasevic, Mia, and Helena Shamoun. "The Incorporation of the Tenant into the Public Construction Project : Through the three parameters of communication; Organisational culture, power and trust." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211149.
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Public construction projects set the standards for new procedures and perspectives within the industry. A way of improving procedures is through communication and the inclusion of all involved parties. It is therefore the purpose of this report to investigate how communication through organisational culture, power and trust can affect the incorporation of the tenant in the construction process. Two case studies, both having public future tenants and public clients, were chosen to enable the investigation of the three parameters of communication, organisational culture, power and trust. The empirics showed that the tenant was often excluded from the construction process due to their differing cultural background. The results also showed that the tenant was considered to have lower status which was exploited at times. In addition, it was found that although opportunistic behaviour was present in the construction project, it was a greater internal issue within the tenant organisation. In the conclusion the authors recommend construction management to evaluate the consequences of incorporating the tenant in the construction meetings as it could lead to less construction errors. They further recommend the public organisations to oversee their distribution of resources in order to avoid opportunistic behaviour.Offentliga byggprojekt bidrar med normer för nya tillvägagångssätt och perspektiv inom branschen. Ett sätt att förbättra dessa metoder är genom kommunikation och att inkludera alla inblandade parter. Syftet med denna rapport är därför att studera hur kommunikation genom organisationskultur, status samt förtroende kan påverka inkluderingen av hyresgästen i byggprocessen. Två fallstudier, båda med offentliga framtida hyresgäster och offentliga beställare, valdes för att undersöka de tre parametrarna av kommunikation; organisationskultur, status och förtroende. Empirin visade att hyresgästen ofta uteslöts från byggprocessen på grund av sin skiljda kulturella bakgrund. Resultaten visade vidare att hyresgästen ansågs ha en lägre status vilket de andra parterna utnyttjade. Dessutom visade resultaten att opportunistiskt beteende i byggprojektet var mer tydligt i de interna relationerna inom hyresgästorganisationen än i de externa. I slutsatsen rekommenderar författarna byggprojektledningen att utvärdera konsekvenserna av att inkludera hyresgästen i byggmötena då det kan leda till mindre byggfel. Vidare rekommenderar författarna offentliga organisationer att se över distributionen av resurser för att undvika opportunistiskt beteende.
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Hallberg, Lyggemark Hillevi. "Designing for an autonomous future : How to support and maintain trust through PSS design with an emphasis on heavy construction equipment worksites." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13471.
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Vad som har gjort dagens autonoma teknologi möjlig och som lagt grunden till dess hastiga framsteg har varit den tekniska utvecklingen i datorhårdvara. I takt med att datorer har ökat i både prestanda och hastighet och samtidigt minskat i pris har autonoma lösningar ökat extremt mycket i nästan alla scenarios av vårt vardagsliv där människa-maskinsystem finns. Automation har också spridit sig till fordonsutvecklingen; förarlösa bilar kan redan ses på gatorna och i gruvindustrin används redan autonoma dumpers i viss utsträckning. Det är bara en tidsfråga innan fullt autonoma tyngre maskiner entrar scenen med målet att fortsatt öka produktiviteten i samhället. Men då den autonoma teknologin blir mer och mer komplex så finns det en del som verkar bli viktigare; tillit. Tillit behövs i alla situationer där det inte är möjligt att förstå alla inblandade faktorer. Tillit fungerar som en guide i beslutsfattning och är en förutsättning som är nödvändig för att automation överhuvudtaget ska användas. Men är tilliten för hög eller för låg kan det resultera i att automationen används felaktigt med eventuellt farliga sitationer som påföljd. I den här rapporten definieras autonomi och tillit för att sedan få en djup förstående för de båda för att kunna se sambanden emellan dem. Resultatet i denna rapporten är ett set klart definierade kritiska faktorer som behövs på en arbetsplats där både tunga maskiner och människor vistas. Detta för att skapa och upprätthålla tillit. Dessa kritiska faktorer är sedan satta i en begreppsmässig modell för byggande av tillit och senare exemplifierade in ett system som är utvecklat i ett större sammanhang. Det finns också rekommendationer för hur dessa kritiska faktorer kan få stöd genom product- och tjänstesystems innovation. Den här rapporten visar att det inte är en exakt vetenskap att designa för automation eftersom det finns många avgränsningar att ta hänsyn till som t.ex. kulturella och individuella skillnader hos individen som kan påverka vid interaktionen av autonom teknologi. När man designar för lämplig tillit i autonom teknologi behövs hela systemet tas i åtanke med både människor, maskiner och miljön de vistas i.What has made the autonomy of today possible and what laid the foundation of its rapid advancement has been the technical development in computer hardware. As computers have increased in power and speed and at the same time decreased in price, autonomous solutions has increased enormously in nearly all scenarios of life where human-machine systems can be found. Automation has also started to spread into vehicle technology; driverless cars can be seen roaming the streets and the mining industry, autonomous haulers are already in use to some extent. It is just a matter of time before fully automated heavy machinery enters the scene with the goal further increase the productivity in our society. But when autonomy gets more and more complex, there is one thing that seems so get more important; trust. Trust is needed in situations where a total understanding of all factors involved is hard to grasp. It will act as a guide in decision-making and is a prerequisite that needs to exist if the automation is to be used. Although, if the trust is too high or low the result could be that automation is used inappropriately with possible dangerous situations as an outcome. In this thesis autonomy and trust gets defined and understood and then intertwined to get an understanding of how they are related. The outcome from this thesis is a set of clearly defined crucial factors that is needed on a worksite with heavy equipment machinery and humans to create and maintain trust. These crucial factors are put in a conceptual model of trust building and later exemplified in a system solution created in a larger context. There are also recommendations on how to support these crucial factors through PSS design. This thesis shows that designing for automation is not an exact science, since there is much delimitation to take into account such as cultural and individual differences in the human being that is subject to the autonomy. When designing for appropriate trust in automated technology it needs to be done by taking the whole system into account with humans, machines and the environment they are in.
ME310 Design Innovation at Stanford University
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Winqvist, David. "Augmenting communication channels toward the evolution of autonomous construction sites." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12752.
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Context In the last centuries, we have been generating and building infrastructure at a faster pace than ever before. Simultaneously the costs for labor and construction sectors as road and house building is increasing. This provides room for autonomous machines. The development of infrastructure is accomplished through highly efficient and productive construction machinery that progressively modernizes to form the society. In order to increase the pace of development, both cars and industry are getting more and more automated. Volvo Construction Equipment is exploring the autonomous vehicle space. The new machines complement and perfect the human work with efficiency, reliability, and durability. There is however, a question of trust between the human workers and the autonomous machines, I will in this thesis investigate methods on how to develop trust through communication systems with autonomous machines. Objectives To create recommendations and solutions for products that build trust between human and automated machines on a construction site. Method Outcome is reached through a case study exploration with validated learning, meaning that it will incorporate learnings through prototype iterations. Results The result evaluates how trust could be developed between humans and autonomous machinery at a construction site and how communication methods between these parties could be implemented while maintaining high levels of efficiency and safety. Conclusion Findings in this thesis indicates that trust is developed over time with reliable systems that provide colleagues with updated information available at any time. The results can be introduced in both today’s and tomorrow’s construction sites at various levels of advanced technology.Sammanhang De senaste hundra åren har vi gett upphov till att bygga infrastruktur i en snabbare takt än någonsin tidigare. Samtidigt ökar kostnaderna för både arbetskraft och byggsektorer som väg- och bostadsbyggnader. Denna situation ger utrymme för autonoma maskiner. Utvecklingen av infrastruktur sker genom effektiva och produktiva konstruktionsmaskiner som successivt moderniseras för att forma samhället. För att öka utvecklingstakten moderniseras både bilar och industri för att möta en mer automatiserad vardag. Volvo Construction Equipment undersöker det autonoma fordonsutrymmet för nästa generations maskiner. Automationen kompletterar de nya maskinerna och fulländar det mänskliga arbetet med effektivitet, tillförlitlighet och hållbarhet. Det finns dock en fråga om relationen mellan mänskliga arbetare och autonoma maskiner, jag kommer i denna avhandling undersöka metoder för hur man kan utveckla tillit genom kommunikationssystem mellan arbetare och autonoma maskiner. Mål Att skapa rekommendationer och lösningar för produkter som bygger tillit mellan mänskliga och automatiserade maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Metod Resultatet uppnås genom användandet av fallstudie forskning kombinerat med validerande lärande. Detta innebär lärdomar med hjälp av en iterativ process utav prototyper som testas och valideras. Resultat Resultatet utvärderar hur förtroende kan utvecklas mellan människor och autonoma maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Hur kommunikationsmetoder mellan dessa parter skulle kunna genomföras samtidigt som hög effektivitet och säkerhet upprätthålls . Slutsats Lärandet i denna avhandling tyder på att förtroendet utvecklas över tid med tillförlitliga system som ger medarbetare uppdaterad nödvändig information tillgänglig när som helst. Resultaten kan införas i både dagens och framtidens anläggningsplatser på olika nivåer av avancerad teknik.
Vissa delar är borttagan på grund av konfidentialitet.
ME310 Design Innovation at Stanford University
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Ziemba, Gilead Reed. "Theoretical analysis of light-weight truss construction in fire conditions, including the use of fire-retardant-treatment wood." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050506-114556/.
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Mohamadzadeh, Milad. "Analysis of Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Assemblies under Out-of-Plane Loads." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50271.
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In 2012, falls from elevation in construction industry represented 36% of the total fatalities. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires workers to use fall protection systems where workers are 6 feet or more above a lower level. Anchors for fall protection systems attached to roof trusses may cause out-of-plane loading on these structures. Metal plate connected wood trusses (MPCWT) are not designed to carry out-of-plane loads and MPCWT performance under these loads are not evaluated in the design process.
The goal of this research is to model and analyze MPCWT assemblies under out-of-plane loads. The rotational stiffness of truss-wall connections, and truss bracing elements are included in the structural component model. Previous experimental data of fall arrest anchor loading were used for model validation. A parametric study considering loading location, joint stiffness and dimension of trusses was conducted.
The structural analog of the MPCWT assemblies were found to have first truss deflections within 4% difference, thereby the models were validated. From parametric study results, the load location was not changed the ultimate deflection in the truss assembly by maximum value of 9%. Out-of-plane joint stiffness was the parameter that caused a large difference in the deflection results, when the joists were assumed as either rigid or simple connections. The rotational stiffness of lateral and diagonal bracing should be included as model inputs for the accurate representation of experimental behavior. Truss lengths increased the deflection at the top chord of the first truss in the assembly as truss width increased.Master of Science
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Richardson, James. "Topology optimization of truss-like structures, from theory to practice." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209534.
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The goal of this thesis is the development of theoretical methods targeting the implementation of topology optimization in structural engineering applications. In civil engineering applications, structures are typically assemblies of many standardized components, such as bars, where the largest gains in efficiency can be made during the preliminary design of the overall structure. The work is aimed mainly at truss-like structures in civil engineering applications, however several of the developments are general enough to encompass continuum structures and other areas of engineering research too. The research aims to address the following challenges:- Discrete variable optimization, generally necessary for truss problems in civil engineering, tends to be computationally very expensive,
- the gap between industrial applications in civil engineering and optimization research is quite large, meaning that the developed methods are currently not fully embraced in practice, and
- industrial applications demand robust and reliable solutions to the real-world problems faced by the civil engineering profession.
In order to face these challenges, the research is divided into several research papers, included as chapters in the thesis.
Discrete binary variables in structural topology optimization often lead to very large computational cost and sometimes even failure of algorithm convergence. A novel method was developed for improving the performance of topology optimization problems in truss-like structures with discrete design variables, using so-called Kinematic Stability Repair (KSR). Two typical examples of topology optimization problems with binary variables are bracing systems and steel grid shell structures. These important industrial applications of topology optimization are investigated in the thesis. A novel method is developed for topology optimization of grid shells whose global shape has been determined by form-finding. Furthermore a novel technique for façade bracing optimization is developed. In this application a multiobjective approach was used to give the designers freedom to make changes, as the design advanced at various stages of the design process. The application of the two methods to practical
engineering problems, inspired a theoretical development which has wide-reaching implications for discrete optimization: the pitfalls of symmetry reduction. A seemingly self-evident method of cardinality reduction makes use of geometric symmetry reduction in structures in order to reduce the problem size. It is shown in the research that this assumption is not valid for discrete variable problems. Despite intuition to the contrary, for symmetric problems, asymmetric solutions may be more optimal than their symmetric counterparts. In reality many uncertainties exist on geometry, loading and material properties in structural systems. This has an effect on the performance (robustness) of the non-ideal, realized structure. To address this, a general robust topology optimization framework for both continuum and truss-like structures, developing a novel analysis technique for truss structures under material uncertainties, is introduced. Next, this framework is extended to discrete variable, multiobjective optimization problems of truss structures, taking uncertainties on the material stiffness and the loading into account. Two papers corresponding to the two chapters were submitted to the journal Computers and Structures and Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. Finally, a concluding chapter summarizes the main findings of the research. A number of appendices are included at the end of the manuscript, clarifying several pertinent issues.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Morris, Justin Collins. "Analysis of Anchors and Bracing Configurations for Personal Fall Arrest Systems in Residential Construction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23251.
Full textAbstract:
Falls continue to be a major problem in the residential construction industry and account for a large number of injuries and fatalities each year (US Department of Labor, 2012). The effects of a fall are catastrophic to the workers and their families as well as the construction company and surrounding community. Prevention of these incidents has been the primary focus of organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). To reduce the number of falls on residential construction sites, OSHA has put forth several standards that require the use of fall protection. Although guidelines have been provided, there have been concerns and complaints regarding the standards as well as methods and materials that should be used.
The goal of this research was to measure the behavior of a five truss roof system with various anchor points and bracing configurations loaded by a horizontal force. A lab built roof system was used to test three different anchor types with three forms of temporary bracing. The materials and methodology used in this testing were based on common materials and practices currently used in the residential construction industry.
The results of this research show that anchors must engage multiple trusses to spread the applied load throughout the roof system. Several forms of temporary bracing such as lateral, diagonal, and sway bracing, are also required to strengthen the roof system allowing it to withstand an applied load.Master of Science