Journal articles: 'Constructivisme (sociologie)'

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MEHAN, Hugh. "Le contructivisme social en psychologie et en sociologie." Sociologie et sociétés 14, no. 2 (September 30, 2002): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001492ar.

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Résumé "Le constructivisme social" est un thème commun aux études cognitives en sociologie et en psychologie. Le constructivisme social postule que les structures sociales et les structures cognitives se composent et se situent dans l'interaction entre les gens. En sociologie cette perspective constructiviste remonte à la phénoménologie constitutive; actuellement, elle se développe avec t'ethnométhodologie. De récentes études qui analysent les structures sociales du monde quotidien en interaction sont commentées. On fait état d'un développement parallèle en psychologie, à partir du "structuralisme constructiviste" de Piaget, jusqu'à l'école soviétique socio-historique. On commente aussi de récentes études qui situent dans l'interaction les structures cognitives et leurs processus. Enfin, on note la convergence entre la sociologie et la psychologie, entre les sciences sociales occidentale et soviétique.

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Filipovic, Mileva. "Sociologija i postpozitivisticke paradigme - neke saznajne teskoce savremene sociologije." Sociologija 50, no. 3 (2008): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0803251f.

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(francuski) Dans cet article on voudrait montrer, a partir du paradigme positiviste, quelques probl?mes ?pist?mologiques et particularit?s du champs ?pist?mologique de la sociologie contemporaine qui influent sur la formation de son dispositif dans cet espace: la langue, le sens, le temps, epistemocentrisme, constructivisme, et sur son statut scientifique. Cettesnouvelles solutions des anciens probl?mes ?pist?mologiques ont-elles ?cart? dans le post-positivisme, dans l'individualisme triomphant et dans la sociologie de libert? d' Alain Touraine, les contestations de la sociologie comme science, ou, elles nous ont amen?, apr?s la contestation de presque toute armature du savoir, jusque la contestation de l'objet de la sociologie elle-m?me, par ce que la soci?t? a tellement chang? qu'elle n'existe plus?.

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SALVAGGIO, Salvino A., and Paolo BARBESINO. "La sociologie comme forme littéraire. Constructivisme, post-structuralisme et postmodernité: vers un savoir virtuel?" Sociologie et sociétés 29, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001679ar.

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Résumé Même si le post-modernisme est en train de modifier en profondeur les méthodes de construction des théories et de sélection des thèmes en sciences sociales, ces tendances épistémiques sont loin d'influencer la façon dont les sciences sociales se décrivent et racontent l'histoire de leur discipline. S'il faut rechercher le principal résultat en soulignant à quel point des circonstances historiques particulières ont façonné même les discours scientifiques, il reste parallèlement qu'une telle insistance a suscité une forte aversion, et même le refus de théories trop exhaustives et de schémas explicatifs trop réducteurs. Très souvent, cette tendance a mené à une forme plus radicale de relativisme épistémique. Néanmoins, elle a doté la sociologie d'outils analytiques capables de supporter l'accroissement de réflexivité et d'auto-référenœs dans le discours des sciences sociales. Dans le cadre de ces positions épistémiques, les auteurs veulent démontrer qu'il est possible d'analyser le discours sociologique comme tout autre discours littéraire, c'est-à-dire comme une forme spécifique de production écrite qui relate une approche fictive d'une chose (similaire à une figure de rhétorique) appelée réalité sociale.

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Gheller, Frantz. "Guerre et régimes sociaux de propriété dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine. Un retour sur les contributions des Relations internationales." Cahiers de recherche sociologique, no. 52 (July 17, 2013): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017280ar.

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Le néoréalisme et l’École anglaise dépeignent l’Antiquité gréco-romaine comme un état de guerre permanent obéissant à une logique de balance du pouvoir analogue à celle du système international contemporain. De son côté, le constructivisme insiste sur les pratiques de coopération qui régulaient les interactions entre cités-États plutôt que sur la guerre elle-même. Par une analyse comparative du développement des logiques d’expansion territoriale de la Grèce démocratique et de la république romaine, cet article offre une conceptualisation alternative des stratégies de territorialisation et d’appropriation qui ont prévalu à Athènes et à Rome. Cette conceptualisation s’ancre dans la sociologie historique des relations internationales afin de souligner comment les activités militaires qui complémentent les capacités de production et d’appropriation revêtent des formes variées qu’on gagne à comprendre en analysant la spécificité historique des régimes sociaux de propriété.

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Kake, Bonaventure. "Recension." Les Cahiers du Cevipol N° 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcdc.162.0003.

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Cette recension vise à rendre compte des forces et des faiblesses de l’étude comparative menée par Andréaa Zamfira (2013) dans son ouvrage intitulé Une sociologie électorale des communautés pluriethniques (L’Harmattan, 2013) portant sur les déterminants du vote dans les communautés pluriethniques de huit pays (Roumanie, Bulgarie, Slovaquie, Belgique, Suisse, Canada, Italie, Espagne), à partir d’une analyse qualitative et de trois approches théoriques (constructivisme social, interactionnisme symbolique, théorie du choix rationnel). Dans ces communautés, l’auteur relève sept déterminants du vote issus des « identités ethnolinguistiques hybrides » que favorise l’« inter-ethnicité », ce qui engendre les votes « transethnique », « pseudo-transethnique » et « pseudo-ethnique ». D’autre part, cette recension évoque plusieurs critiques, par exemple de n’avoir considéré l’acte de vote que du point de vue de la rationalité de l’électeur. Une démarche qui selon nous, rendrait son étude moins féconde dans un contexte où l’acte de vote devient irrationnel ou non-rationnel.

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Harrisson, Denis. "Quatre propositions pour une analyse sociologique de l’innovation sociale." Cahiers de recherche sociologique, no. 53 (February 27, 2014): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023196ar.

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Il est étonnant de constater que la sociologie, en tant que champ disciplinaire, s’est peu intéressée à l’innovation sociale. L’innovation sociale conduit à une transformation sociale par des actions intentionnelles. Deux grands concepts sociologiques permettent de traiter de cette question : une conception du changement social et une conception de la motivation de l’action sociale. Quatre théories sociologiques seront utilisées afin de clarifier la place qu’occupe l’innovation sociale dans leur conception respective du changement social et de l’action sociale soit la théorie du choix rationnel, le constructivisme social, l’institutionnalisme et la théorie des mouvements sociaux. L’innovation sociale ne fait pas partie du langage conceptuel d’aucune de ces théories, il faut voir comment le concept peut être intégré. Chaque théorie a ainsi une façon particulière de décrire les phénomènes en jetant un regard singulier sur le sens et les propriétés générales du phénomène et permet d’appréhender le savoir et la connaissance du phénomène par sa portée scientifique, sa signification ainsi que par le procédé de production de la connaissance.

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CHO, YOUNG CHUL. "State Identity Formation in Constructivist Security Studies: A Suggestive Essay." Japanese Journal of Political Science 13, no. 3 (August 9, 2012): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109912000114.

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AbstractAlthough any typology of constructivism might be arbitrary, there are, broadly speaking, two distinctive constructivist approaches in security studies as well as International Relations (IR) according to their different meta-theoretical stances: conventional constructivism, on the one hand, and critical constructivism on the other. Indeed, regarding how to understand state identity which is integral to national security, there has meta-theoretically been fierce contention between conventional and critical constructivist security studies. In not ignoring but slightly toning down this contention operating at the abstract level, this article aims to present a pragmatic application of the two different (or conflicting) constructivisms to capturing a more complete picture of state identity formation in substantive empirical research of constructivist security studies. The pragmatic approach is that, without being immersed heavily in the meta-theoretical strife between the two seemingly conflicting constructivist camps, both constructivisms should be treated as different analytical frameworks for examining different (internal and external) faces of state identity formation: the external construction of state identity can be well addressed by conventional constructivism, while the internal one by critical constructivism. In this sense, the relationship between conventional and critical constructivism can be understood as not conflicting but complementary in empirical research, as both constructivisms enrich and deepen our understanding of state identity formation in different ways.

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Checkel, Jeffrey T. "Social constructivisms in global and European politics: a review essay." Review of International Studies 30, no. 2 (March 17, 2004): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210504006023.

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Social constructivism has come of age in contemporary international relations (IR) theory. Indeed, more and more submissions to presses and journals in both Europe and America characterise themselves as constructivist or situate their arguments vis à vis those of constructivists. In substantive terms and as the three books under review attest, constructivists also now offer detailed empirical studies that amplify and enrich their earlier conceptual and meta-theoretical critiques of mainstream approaches. Yet, as with any maturing research programme, there are gaps to be filled and challenges to be met. These include a better appreciation and theorisation of domestic politics; more explicit attention to research methods; further work on the linguistic turn so central to much of constructivism; and, finally, a rethink of attempts to build bridges.

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9

Lynch, Michael. "Vers une généalogie constructiviste du constructivisme." Revue du MAUSS 17, no. 1 (2001): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdm.017.0224.

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Tan, See Seng. "Rescuing constructivism from the constructivists: a critical reading of constructivist interventions in Southeast Asian security." Pacific Review 19, no. 2 (June 2006): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512740500473288.

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Weber, Martin. "The Normative Grammar of Relational Analysis: Recognition Theory's Contribution to Understanding Short-Comings in IR's Relational Turn." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 3 (June 11, 2020): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa036.

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Abstract This Theory Note focuses on the resurgent interest in relationalism in constructivist IR theory. I begin by contextualizing current efforts to move constructivism toward this theoretical register. In particular, I focus on the framing influence of Mustafa Emirbayer's “Manifesto for a Relational Sociology,” showing how key theoretical concerns articulated there have resonated with the constructivist critique of rationalist and structuralist explanatory approaches in IR. These cross-purposes, however, also signal that the lacunae identified by Emirbayer should be of interest to IR constructivists seeking to promote a relationalist research project. I argue that in particular Emirbayer's identification of a gap on normative implications has not received adequate attention in IR debates. In the second part, I discuss Honneth's recognition theoretic approach as promising for supplementing a normative register that satisfies the “process-ontological” proclivities of relationalism as understood by IR constructivists. In the final part, I outline by way of an example some of the meta-theoretical and methodological implications of this version of recognition theory, contrast it with contending arguments in current debates, and commend its potential.

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Camus, Christophe. "Pour une sociologie « constructiviste » de l'architecture." Espaces et sociétés 142, no. 2 (2010): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/esp.142.0063.

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Donati, Pierpaolo. "Quelle sociologie relationnelle? Une perspective non relationniste." Articles hors thème 13, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 325–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044020ar.

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Dans cet article, l’auteur présente sa version originale d’une sociologie relationnelle, laquelle repose sur un réalisme critique, qu’on appelle aussi « théorie relationnelle de la société ». Elle partage avec d’autres versions de la sociologie relationnelle l’objectif de comprendre les faits sociaux en tant qu’entités constituées relationnellement. Mais elle diffère des versions constructivistes radicales (ici nommées sociologies relationnistes) par la façon dont les relations sociales sont définies, les voies par lesquelles elles sont générées et elles changent (morphogénèse sociale), et la manière dont elles configurent les formations sociales. L’article met au clair les avantages qu’offre cette perspective originale pour l’explication des phénomènes sociaux émergents. En particulier, montre-t-il, cette perspective peut orienter la recherche sociale vers des réalités invisibles ou immatérielles. Empiriquement, elle peut montrer comment des formes sociales nouvelles sont créées, comment elles changent ou comment elles se détruisent en fonction de divers processus de valorisation ou de dévalorisation des relations sociales. Ultimement, cette approche offre la possibilité de mettre en lumière des processus relationnels qui peuvent permettre aux agents sociaux humains de mieux se réaliser et leur donner, en tant que sujets relationnels, l’occasion d’accéder au bien-vivre.

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Le Bouter, Flavien. "La sociologie constructiviste du risque de Niklas Luhmann." Communication et organisation, no. 45 (June 1, 2014): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/communicationorganisation.4471.

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BOURDIEU, Pierre. "Le paradoxe du sociologue." Sociologie et sociétés 11, no. 1 (December 14, 2010): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001079ar.

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À l’opposition que l’on retrouve tout au long de l’histoire des sciences sociales entre une théorie de type empiriste ou réaliste et une théorie de type constructiviste ou idéaliste, correspond, en politique, l’opposition entre un objectivisme scientiste et un subjectivisme ou spontanéisme. Cette double opposition se voit de façon claire à propos des classes sociales et elle est très présente au sein même de la tradition marxiste. La théorie des classes pose en effet un problème central qui renvoie à la théorie de la perception du monde social et qui est celui du rapport entre la conscience savante et la conscience commune, c’est-à-dire, du rapport entre les classements que le sociologue propose et ceux que les agents ont dans la tête. La sociologie peut d’autant moins prétendre à une quelconque objectivité ou vérité que ces classements sont eux-mêmes un enjeu de la lutte entre les agents sociaux, qu’il y a une lutte des classements qui est une dimension de la lutte des classes.

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Vallentin, Steen. "Den offentlige menings sociologi." Dansk Sociologi 16, no. 3 (September 2, 2005): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v16i3.724.

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The sociology of public opinion This article discusses a constructivist approach to the concept of public opinion. It argues that this type of approach is able to capture public opinion’s concrete social manifestations, rather than the counterfactual democratic ideals that the concept is often associated with. Two constructivist strategies are discussed. The first is an unmasking strategy, which emphasizes the possibilities of „de-ontologizing“ public opinion. This strategy is, however, a strategy of exclusion, in that its aim is to exclude everything that does not provide meaning (at a higher reflective constructivist level) about public opinion. The other strategy is a materializing strategy, which aims to „re-ontologize“ public opi-nion. It is a more inclusive strategy, and the article argues that this strategy has more productive potential.

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Fletcher, Joseph F., and Patrick Neal. "Hercules and the Legislator: The Problem of Justice in Contemporary Political Philosophy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 18, no. 1 (March 1985): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900029206.

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AbstractThe authors aim to reveal both the potentialities and limitations of recent attempts by Dworkin and Rawls (especially in the latter's work since the publication of A Theory of Justice) to work out a constructivist conception of right to serve as the groundwork of a rights-based theory of justice. The constructivist conception of right is promising, the authors argue, because it points beyond both teleological naturalism and instrumentalism as conceptions of right. The authors, however, find Dworkin and Rawls's constructivism to be ultimately inadequate, and argue that their project would be furthered through consideration of the constructivist aspects of Rousseau's conception of right as articulated in The Social Contract.

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Yeravdekar, V. "A social constructivism approach to learning digital technologies for effective online teaching in Covid-19." CARDIOMETRY, no. 23 (August 20, 2022): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.761764.

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Use of digital technologies can enable effective e-learning. In this paper the authors have compared cognitive constructivism approach and social constructivism approach to enable school teachers to use digital technologies for online teaching in Covid-19. It has been found that social constructivism is more effective than cognitive constructivism for enabling school teachers to use digital technologies for delivery of classes in the online mode. Online learning is a method of learning that makes use of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Given the large range of applications accessible on the Internet and the web, it has the ability to stimulate learning in a social constructivist paradigm. The social constructivist paradigm is related with collaborative learning and creative problem solving. The findings of qualitative research papers about barriers to efficient online learning are examined in this integrative literature review. Digital technologies provide teachers with a plethora of new opportunities, but they must constantly be utilized.

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Teubner, Gunther. "Pour une épistémologie constructiviste du droit." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 47, no. 6 (December 1992): 1149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1992.279101.

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L'ouverture du droit à des disciplines voisines, particulièrement à l'économie, à la sociologie et à l'histoire, représente l'un des phénomènes les plus surprenants du droit moderne. Les mouvements law and society et law and économics ont marqué une irruption spectaculaire de l'interdisciplinarité dans la science du droit, en rompant le splendide isolement du formalisme juridique traditionnel. Ceci s'est accompagné d'une transformation progressive de la fonction primaire du droit : la solution des conflits a fait place à la régulation de la société. C'est sur une base réaliste et individualiste que se sont développées les idées, aujourd'hui prédominantes, d'une régulation juridique de la société.

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Varshaver, Evgeni. "“Stop Beating the Dead Primordial Horse”: Actual Agendas in the Constructivist Research of Ethnicity." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-3-31-58.

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The article describes the current state of affairs in the contemporary constructivist research of ethnicity. While emerging within anthropology in the 1960’s under the influence of sociological constructivist theories, this approach has been developing in a dialogue with “primordialism” and “essentialism”, the ways of thinking which were, to a large degree, conceptualized by constructivists themselves. It has been, however, become clearer that this dialogue is no longer productive, and constructivists faced the necessity to re-establish the very agenda of the constructivist research of ethnicity. Two projects were undertaken in the 2000-2010’s, and are associated with the names of Andreas Wimmer and Kanchan Chandra. The theoretical languages created within these projects, however, were not optimal in terms of their descriptive power. The second part of the article describes a new research program as suggested by the author, within which an alternative theoretical language is proposed, and much attention is paid to the meanings of ethnic categories as well as the social consequences of these meanings. Descriptive and analytical capabilities of the language are demonstrated from two examples taken from the empirical research of the author. The closing part of the article describes the shortcomings of the approach created, as well as the directions for further developments.

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Epstein, Charlotte. "Constructivism or the eternal return of universals in International Relations. Why returning to language is vital to prolonging the owl’s flight." European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 3 (September 2013): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066113494669.

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In this contribution I engage with the question of the end of theory from a poststructuralist perspective. I begin by revisiting the making of International Relations as a discrete theoretical endeavour from Waltz (1979) to Wendt (1999), around, respectively, the efforts to unearth the structures of international politics that carved out the international as a distinct site of political analysis, and the appraisal of these structures as social structures (Wendt, 1999). I then revisit the origins of poststructuralism via the works of Jacques Derrida and Judith Butler, in order to bring its founding moves to bear directly on International Relations constructivism. Engaging with constructivism’s founding fathers, Nicholas Onuf, Alexander Wendt and Friedrich Kratochwil, I show that the search for unconstructed universals, grounded in an innate ‘human nature’, persistently haunts International Relations constructivism, even when it foregrounds language as the medium of social construction, and notably when it engages the question of gender. Just as language provided the original site for orchestrating the ‘moving beyond’ (the ‘post’ of poststructuralism) fixed, naturalized structures, I argue that a return to language holds the promise of renewal, and of constructivism’s being able to fulfil its founding promise to theorize constitutivity and the constructed-ness of International Relations’ world.

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Checkel, Jeffrey T. "Why Comply? Social Learning and European Identity Change." International Organization 55, no. 3 (2001): 553–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507551.

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Why do agents comply with the norms embedded in regimes and international institutions? Scholars have proposed two competing answers to this compliance puzzle, one rationalist, the other constructivist. Rationalists emphasize coercion, cost/benefit calculations, and material incentives; constructivists stress social learning, socialization, and social norms. Both schools, however, explain important aspects of compliance. To build a bridge between them, I examine the role of argumentative persuasion and social learning. This makes explicit the theory of social choice and interaction implicit in many constructivist compliance studies, and it broadens rationalist arguments about the instrumental and noninstrumental processes through which actors comply. I argue that domestic politics—in particular, institutional and historical contexts—delimit the causal role of persuasion/social learning, thus helping both rationalists and constructivists to refine the scope of their compliance claims. To assess the plausibility of these arguments, I examine why states comply with new citizenship/membership norms promoted by European regional organizations.

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Hugon, Philippe. "Thomas Lindermann. Sauver la face, sauver la paix. Sociologie constructiviste des crises internationales." Afrique contemporaine 235, no. 3 (2010): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.235.0131.

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Aibar Puentes, Eduard. "La vida social de las máquinas orígenes, desarrollo y perspectivas actuales en la sociología de la tecnología." Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, no. 76 (March 5, 2024): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.76.141.

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aunque la denominada nueva sociologia de la tecnologia cuenta con una historia relativamente corta -aproximadamente unos quince años-, ha logrado articular una nueva y prometedora perspectiva teorica sobre la compleja relacion entre sociedad y tecnologia, asi como una gran cantidad de estudios detallados de caso. este trabajo describe los origenes y desarrollo de esta disciplina y ofrece una vision esquematica de los tres enfoques que la caracterizan: el enfoque de sistemas, el constructivismo social y la teoria del actor-red. se tratan igualmente algunas implicaciones sociologicas y teoricas de estos enfoques y se presta especial atencion a los problematicos vinculos entre la sociologia de la tecnologia y la sociologia del conocimiento cientifico. finalmente, se apuntan de forma tentativa algunas posibles lineas de investigacion para los proximos años.

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Quéré, Louis. "Sociologie et sémantique : le langage dans l'organisation sociale de l'expérience." Sociétés contemporaines 18-19, no. 2-3 (September 1, 1994): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/soco.p1994.18n1.0017.

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Résumé Cet article tente d'expliciter quelques-unes des implications d'une conception constructiviste du langage pour la sociologie. Dans un premier temps, l 'auteur montre, à partir de l 'étude des événements publics, comment le langage participe à la construction d'un monde d'objets, et pas seulement à sa nomination ou à sa représentation. Il caractérise ensuite le « régime d'analysabilité » des phénomènes sociaux qu 'organise le discours ; il le distingue d'un autre régime, propre à l'accomplissement des activités pratiques, puis met en évidence leur articulation. Enfin, dissociant le langagier et le discursif, il spécifie le mode d'implication du langage dans l'organisation de l'action et, plus largement, dans la construction sociale de la réalité objective des faits sociaux.

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Steets, Silke. "Die Relationalität des Sozialen: Von ‚dicken‘ und ‚dünnen‘ Subjekten und der Soziologie als kopernikanischem Sonnensystem." Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung 20, no. 1-2019 (March 18, 2019): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v20i1.10.

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Against the background of a knowledgesociological perspective, this contribution evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the social theory underlying Hubert Knoblauch’s version of communicative constructivism. The discussion is focused, firstly, on the relational conceptualization of the social and, secondly, on the role of the subject within that relation. In order to solve the diagnosed problem of determining a ‘thin’ subject, I propose a revision that leads back to the tripolar dialectical model of Berger and Luckmann. Using a planetary metaphor, I conclude by trying to clarify how “open” communicative constructivism as an academic movement can indeed be understood.

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Marković-Savić, Olivera. "Teaching sociology in museums." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 1 (2023): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-42650.

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Education system is situated in formal educational and pedagogical institutions. However, considering that schools are not the only places for education, this paper examines the possibilities of teaching sociology in museums as a form of out-of-classroom learning. Teaching sociology in a museum provides opportunities for developing lasting basic knowledge and life-long learning, establishing and developing aesthetic and critical thinking aspects of students' personalities, and observing personal lives and experiences within a wider social context. The paper shows suggestions for this type of out-of-classroom learning, teacher's role in planning and visiting museums, teaching methods and units that can be attained in this form of learning, and a museum as an educational instrument. Learning through collaboration with other institutions in the local community shifts the learning context towards more complex cognitive processes. In the process of joint processing of a phenomenon, constructive discussion is encouraged and carried out in an unconventional form of class. At the same time, the cooperation between the local community and the school is being improved because the school upgrades its role of knowledge transfer to the role of a living centre in the community, and the school is actively involved in the needs of the local community. Among the teaching methods applicable to teaching in a museum, we have singled out a dialogical method and an interactive method because of their closeness to the constructivist approach in which the process of acquiring knowledge is conceived as the creation of the individual and the product of constructions. The essence of the teaching process in modern education lies in competencies among which the most important is that a student learns to learn and apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

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Jordaan, Eduard. "South Africa and Civil and Political Rights." Global Governance 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02501009.

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Abstract For constructivists, a state’s identity implies its preferences, interests, and resultant actions in international affairs, which is why constructivists expect democracies to support human rights internationally. This study examines South Africa’s record on civil and political rights at the UN Human Rights Council. While there is an element of anti-imperialism in South Africa’s identity that might help explain some of its actions, human rights remain important in South Africa’s self-understanding. Despite the presence of human rights in South Africa’s identity, at the Human Rights Council, South Africa’s actions have ranged from failing to uphold civil and political rights to supporting their restriction. A bifurcated national identity therefore diminishes the predictive power of a constructivist national identity approach.

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MOUNKORO, Ismaila. "ÉVOLUTION DE LA SOCIOLOGIE DE LA TECHNOLOGIE : FONDEMENTS, DETERMINISME, ET PERSPECTIVES DE L'EUROPE A L'AMERIQUE LATINE ET L'AFRIQUE." Kurukan Fuga 3, no. 9 (March 31, 2024): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62197/yscd6478.

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Cet article offre une perspective analytique sur le champ de la sociologie de la technologie. Il trace un parcours qui commence avec les fondements classiques de la sociologie, en passant par les théories déterministes et constructivistes. Pour conduire cette étude, la méthode d'analyse documentaire a été employée. L'ambition est de se pencher sur les théories sociologiques relatives aux technologies. Des notions comme la science, la technologie et la société sont régulièrement mentionnées tout au long de l'article. Les conclusions de l'article portent sur la compréhension des théories sociologiques et la façon dont elles traitent de la liaison entre technologie et société, évoluant d'approches unidirectionnelles à des perspectives plus interactives. Une revue des principales théories européennes et nord-américaines forme la première section de l'article, suivie d'une exploration des spécificités des contextes africain et latino-américain

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Lukman, Tomas. "KOMUNIKATIVNA PARADIGMA U „NOVOJ” SOCIOLOGIJI (SA)ZNANJA." ГОДИШЊАК ЗА СОЦИОЛОГИЈУ 31, no. 1 (November 22, 2023): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/gsoc.31.2023.05.

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One of the authors of Social Construction of Reality focuses his attention on the new paradigm of the sociology of knowledge. Luckmann analyzes the notion of objectivity in the context of social sciences. He emphasizes that for Weber the sociological approach must aim to highlight the subjective meaning of the behavior of the actors. Then he shows how language is socially constructed, and, in the end, considers the link between meaning and language. Key Words: Sociology of knowledge, constitution of meaning, communicative constructivism, language

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Podvoyskiy, Denis. "Men, Women, … Tribes, Peoples: What Does a Person’s Life Look Like Among His/Her Constructs?" Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (2023): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250022101-4.

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The article is the second (final) part of the essay devoted to the analysis of social constructivist explanations of gender and ethno-national phenomena. In particular, the author refers to the ideas of the classics of ethno-sociological constructivism – B. Anderson, E. Gellner and E. Hobsbawm, including the argumentation presented in the concept of «imagined communities». A general description of the mechanisms and technologies of practical (including symbolic and discursive) «production» of ethnic identities, construction and «invention» of nations and peoples is given as procedures carried out by intellectuals and politicians in different regions of the world. A specifically «modern» (rooted in the nature of modern societies) context for the formation of nation-states and nationalism as a special political movement and ideological doctrine is revealed.

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Epstein, Charlotte. "Theorizing Agency in Hobbes's Wake: The Rational Actor, the Self, or the Speaking Subject?" International Organization 67, no. 2 (April 2013): 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818313000039.

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AbstractThe rationalist-constructivist divide that runs through the discipline of International Relations (IR) revolves around two figures of agency, the rational actor and the constructivist “self.” In this article I examine the models of agency that implicitly or explicitly underpin the study of international politics. I show how both notions of the rational actor and the constructivist self have remained wedded to individualist understandings of agency that were first incarnated in the discipline's self-understandings by Hobbes's natural individual. Despite its turn to social theory, this persistent individualism has hampered constructivism's ability to appraise the ways in which the actors and structures of international politics mutually constitute one another “all the way down.” My purpose is to lay the foundations for a nonindividualist, adequately relational, social theory of international politics. To this end I propose a third model of agency, Lacan's split speaking subject. Through a Lacanian reading of the Leviathan, I show how the speaking subject has in fact laid buried away in the discipline's Hobbesian legacy all along.

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Kabele, Jiří. "Social Constructivism." Czech Sociological Review 32, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.1996.32.3.06.

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Hirschmann, Nancy J., and Emily F. Regier. "Mary Wollstonecraft, Social Constructivism, and the Idea of Freedom." Politics & Gender 15, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 645–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000491.

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AbstractThis article considers Mary Wollstonecraft as a theorist of freedom for women through the lens of social constructivism. Previous republican readings of Wollstonecraft as promoting a vision of freedom as independence or non-domination are compromised by their underpinnings in liberal individualism. Instead, we suggest her theory displays elements of positive liberty and particularly what we call “subjectivity freedom.” Reading Wollstonecraft as an early social constructivist, we show her grappling with how women's subjectivity is constructed in patriarchal societies such that they desire the conditions of their own subordination. This troubles the very notion of domination and its putative opposite, freedom-as-independence. Paradoxically, while noting how women's sense of self was profoundly and intimately shaped by the patriarchal structures they inhabited, Wollstonecraft's own argument was limited by these same constructions. Nonetheless, she struggled to conceive a radically emancipatory vision of women's lives, aspirations, and desires from within the confines of a context and discourse premised on their devaluation. A social constructivist approach shows that Wollstonecraft sought not simply to change women or specific structures of male dominance, but rather the processes within which men and women defined gender, the family, and personal identity: in short, their subjectivity.

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KARP, DAVID JASON. "The utopia and reality of sovereignty: social reality, normative IR and ‘Organized Hypocrisy’." Review of International Studies 34, no. 2 (April 2008): 313–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210508008048.

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AbstractThis article applies E. H. Carr’s analysis of utopia and reality, and a Searlean-constructivist analysis of rules and norms, to the concept of ‘sovereignty’ in general, and Stephen Krasner’s argument in Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy in particular. In doing this, the article charts a theoretical space that incorporates insights from classical realism, scientific realism, and philosophical (social) constructivism. To view ‘utopia’ and ‘reality’ as distinct yet equally important planes of International Relations (IR) inquiry, thereby treating ‘sovereignty’ as a single concept with descriptive and normative elements, highlights both the merits and the shortcomings of Krasner’s approach. Furthermore, this type of analysis suggests a fruitful way to continue a contemporary normative discussion about what sovereign entities ought to do.

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Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. "International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism: Defending the Discipline. By D. S. L. Jarvis, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2000. 288p. $34.95." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (March 2001): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401842015.

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Over the past twenty years, the so-called third debate, or the constructivist turn in international relations theory, has elic- ited a great deal of attention. Various critical theories and epistemologies-sociological approaches, postmodernism, constructivism, neo-Marxism, feminist approaches, and cul- tural theories-seem to dominate the leading international relations journals. Postmodernism (also called critical theo- ry), perhaps the most radical wave of the third debate, uses literary theory to challenge the notion of an "objective" reality in world politics, reject the notion of legitimate social science, and seek to overturn the so-called dominant dis- courses in the field in favor of a new politics that will give voice to previously marginalized groups.

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Petitat, André. "Entre histoire et sociologie [Une perspective constructiviste appliquée à l'émergence des collèges et de la bourgeoisie]." Revue française de pédagogie 78, no. 1 (1987): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfp.1987.1483.

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AlexMacleod. "Les études de sécurité : du constructivisme dominant au constructivisme critique." Cultures & conflits, no. 54 (June 1, 2004): 13–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/conflits.1526.

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Arrieta-López, Milton, and Roberto Certain-Ruiz. "Intersecting Visions of Justice: The Philosophical Tapestry of Human Rights and Human Nature in the Thoughts of Macintyre, Arendt, Nino, and Habermas." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 22 (March 18, 2024): e8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v22.8430.

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This study explores the philosophical foundations of human rights concerning freedom, equality, and solidarity through the lenses of Iusnaturalism, Iuspositivism, and Ethical Constructivism, with a special focus on Alasdair MacIntyre, Hanna Arendt, Carlos Santiago Nino, and Jürgen Habermas. It examines MacIntyre’s revision of Iusnaturalism with an Aristotelian approach, Arendt’s methodological Iuspositivism highlighting legal frameworks, Nino’s rationality-based human rights theory, and Habermas’ emphasis on communicative action and social constructs. This research navigates the dynamic interplay of these theories, offering a multi-dimensional perspective on the evolution, validation, and application of human rights in contemporary society. Significantly, it introduces a dialectical perspective on rationality as a dynamic and evolving human attribute, addressing the constructivist necessities in defining human nature amidst prevailing uncertainties.

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Mehmetcik, Hakan, and Ferit Belder. "The Past as a Benchmark in Defining Turkey’s Status Politics." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 8, no. 2 (June 2021): 168–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798921999192.

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This article deals with Turkey’s status politics since the 2000s, by employing an aspirational constructivist approach that links social psychology with social constructivism in international relations. It focuses on the temporal side of status, stemming from historical identity construction in Turkish foreign policy (TFP) rhetoric and practices under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) since 2002. Turkey’s status politics is motivated by its past legacies rather than by a peer-to-peer comparison. Therefore, different variances and practices of identity politics in TFP offer valuable insights into its status-seeking practices. The article offers five images of the past that define various role sets and status claims for Turkey.

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Perret, Michael. "La panique morale entourant les jeux vidéo violents : une perspective pragmatiste." Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, no. 41 (June 20, 2022): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/emulations.041.06.

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L’article propose une alternative à l’approche constructiviste des paniques morales. Il présente les grandes lignes de la sociologie pragmatiste, inspirée des travaux fondateurs de la philosophie pragmatiste et de l’ethnométhodologie, pour saisir à nouveaux frais les paniques morales comme des troubles partagés qui entourent le vivre-ensemble. Cette invitation s’appuie d’une part sur l’analyse de l’emploi de la panique morale comme a priori pour comprendre le problème des jeux vidéo violents, tel qu’il est présenté majoritairement dans la littérature académique des game studies. D’autre part, une enquête empirique montre qu’un tel problème public ne donne pas systématiquement lieu à une panique morale, comme l’indique le cas de l’interdiction des jeux vidéo violents en Suisse.

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Davis, Liane V. "Feminism and Constructivism." Journal of Teaching in Social Work 8, no. 1-2 (February 25, 1994): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j067v08n01_08.

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Creischer, Alice, Andreas Siekmann, and Karl Hoffmann. "Political Constructivism." Grey Room, no. 91 (2023): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/grey_a_00375.

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Visser, Ricardo. "AS TEORIAS DO TRABALHO DE HONNETH E UNGER: reconhecimento e produtivismo inclusivo." Caderno CRH 31, no. 83 (January 24, 2019): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v31i83.22490.

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Neste artigo, comparam-se duas escolas de pensamento da teoria social a partir do conceito de trabalho. Estendem-se, então, suas contradições internas. De um lado, a teoria do reconhecimento comporta um conceito de trabalho que se deixa definir por seu valor sociocultural e simbólico, inserido na hierarquia moral ocidental. Seu paradigma é a sociedade salarial e a regulação estatal da paridade das relações profissionais. Já o construtivismo institucional entende o conceito de trabalho como atividade produtiva destinada à inovação. Seu enquadramento teórico visa a recuperar a aliança entre progresso técnico-material com o incremento da experiência social dos indivíduos.HONNETH’S AND UNGER’S THEORIES OF LABOR: recognition and inclusive productivismIn this article two currents of social thought will be compared taking into account the concept of labor. On one side, the theory of recognitiondefines labor by its cultural and symbolic value, which is conceived in the Western moral hierarchy. Its paradigm is the wage labor and the regulation of contracts. On the other hand, the theory of institutional constructvism understands labor as a productive activity oriented by innovation. It tries to reconcile technical and material progresswith the deepening of the social experience of the individuals.Key words: Labor. Recognition. Institutional constructivism. Social theoryLA THÉORIE DU TRAVAIL DE HONNETH ET UNGER: reconnaissance et productivisme inclusifL’article analyse deux écoles de pensée à partir de la catégorie de travail. En suite on ira analyser leurs contradictions internes. D’un côté, la théorie de la reconnaissance défine le concept de travail par sa valeur culturelle et symbolique, encerré dans l’hiérarchie morale occidentale. Son paradigme est la société salariale et la régulation des rapports profissionels par l’État. D’autre côté, le constructivisme institutionnel délimite la catégorie de travail entendue comme activité productive orientée par l’innovation. Son cadre théorique vise recuperer l’aliance entre le progrès téchinique, matérial et l’aprofondissement de l’expérience sociale des individus.Mots-clés: Travail. Reconnaissance. Constructivisme institutionnel. Théorie sociale.

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Woods, Matthew. "Unnatural acts." Journal of Language and Politics 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 91–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.6.1.07woo.

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International relations theory overdetermines proliferation but few states possess nuclear arms. This article maintains the linguistic construction of ‘proliferation’ accounts for the international nonnuclear order. Following an overview of its approach, the article begins with a review of earlier works and notes the inability of ‘nuclear language studies’ to account for the order of rejection rather than acquisition of nuclear arms. The article traces that limitation to a practical assumption about the world that animates scholars to attend to how words distort rather than create reality. The article then introduces a version of constructivism that claims speech acts produce constitutive rules that create what ‘is’ and oblige order (as ‘same use’) to suggest how language accounts for the order that turns on rejection of nuclear weapons. Finally, the article illustrates how states, following this constructivist process, often used discursive practices that emphasized the ‘unnatural’ to create ‘proliferation’ between 1958 and 1968.

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Kennedy, Janet, and Christina Lodder. "Russian Constructivism." Russian Review 44, no. 1 (January 1985): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/129274.

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Matravers, Matt. "Justice and Constructivism." Political Studies Review 13, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12083.

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ZEHFUSS, MAJA. "Constructivism and Identity:." European Journal of International Relations 7, no. 3 (September 2001): 315–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066101007003002.

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Riedener, Stefan. "Constructivism about Intertheoretic Comparisons." Utilitas 31, no. 3 (June 24, 2019): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820819000165.

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Many people think that if you're uncertain about which moral theory is correct, you ought to maximize the expected choice-worthiness of your actions. This idea presupposes that the strengths of our moral reasons are comparable across theories – for instance, that our reasons to create new people, according to total utilitarianism, can be stronger than our reasons to benefit an existing person, according to a person-affecting view. But how can we make sense of such comparisons? In this article, I introduce a constructivist account of intertheoretic comparisons. On this account, such comparisons don't hold independently of facts about morally uncertain agents. They're simply the result of an ideal deliberation in terms of certain epistemic norms about what you ought to do in light of your uncertainty. If I'm right, this account is metaphysically more parsimonious than some existing proposals, and yet has plausible and strong implications.

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Xian, Rachel. "Conditioning Constructs: A Psychological Theory of International Negotiated Cooperation." International Negotiation 26, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 319–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-bja10025.

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Abstract Political psychology and social constructivism exist in an “ideational alliance” against realism; however, both have overlooked behavioral conditioning, the basis of animal learning. Through six stages situated in international negotiation behaviors, the theory of Conditioning Constructs shows how behavioral conditioning can take parties from specific to diffuse reciprocity, rationalist to constructivist cooperation, and crisis to durable peace. In stages 1, 2 and 3, parties use negotiated agreements to exit prisoner’s dilemmas, continuously reinforce cooperation during agreement implementation, and satiate to rewards as initial implementation finalizes. In stages 4, 5 and 6, parties receive fresh rewards with new negotiations, undergo intermittent reinforcement with periodic agreements thereafter, and finally attribute cooperative behavior to actor constructs. Conditioning Constructs demonstrates that agency is possible in socially constructed structures through willful participation in conditioning through negotiation; and that, while Anatol Rapoport’s tit-for-tat strategy is suited to initial cooperation, intermittent reinforcement better preserves late-stage cooperation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Constructivisme (sociologie)'

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