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Duh, Helen Inseng. "Money attitudes and materialism among generation Y South Africans: a life-course study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008612.
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Materialism has long been a subject of interest to researchers. More negative than positive consequences have been reported from studies on the lifestyles of materialists. For example, increased consumer and credit card debt, shrinking saving rates, increased number of consumers filing for bankruptcy, lower levels of life satisfaction and the depletion of natural resources are reported to be emanating from the increasing levels of materialism in societies. It is thus important to investigate the factors that can be implicated for the growth of materialism. Most of the studies attempt to explain materialism at a given point in time in isolation of the events people have experienced in their early life or childhood. Realizing that this practice is a shortcoming in consumer research, there is a call that consumer behaviour, such as materialism, be studied as a function of past life experiences using the life-course approach. While few studies have applied this approach to understanding materialism, little is known about the psychological processes that link childhood family structure to materialism. It is against this background that this study used the life-course approach to study how childhood family structure affects materialism through psychological processes of perceived family resources (tangible and intangible), perceived stress from the disruptive family events, and money attitudes of Generation Y South Africans. The study also assessed the moderating role of money attitudes on the relationship between childhood family experiences and materialism. Money attitude dimensions of status, achievement, worry, security and budget were introduced to broaden the life-course study of materialism because they are reported to begin in childhood, to remain in adulthood and they function in the background of every behavioural intention and action. Generation Y (commonly reported to be born between 1977 and 1994) were the subject of this study, because the literature reviewed revealed that these emerging consumers are not only numerous (about 30 percent of South Africans are Generation Y), have considerable influence and spending power, but most have been raised in disrupted single-parent/income families. With reports from family sociologists on the outcomes of divorce and single-parenthood (for example, stress, inadequate family resources, and low self-esteem) questions were raised as to how these outcomes would affect Generation Y money attitudes and materialistic values. Ten hypotheses were formulated to empirically answer the research questions. Using quantitative methodologies based on the nature of the research questions and problems, data were collected through online questionnaire from 826 business undergraduate students from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan and Western Cape Universities. University-aged respondents were appropriate for this study since they are ideally suited to remember their past family circumstances and must have already formed consumption habits, attitudes and values at their age. The first research problem was to evaluate how two of the life-course theoretical perspectives (i.e., family resources and stress) selected for this study would explain the materialistic values of Generation Y South Africans raised in non-intact (did not live with both biological parents before 18th birthday) and intact (lived with both biological parents before 18th birthday) family structures through the money attitudes adopted. The results showed that even though a significant difference in perceived family resources (both tangible and intangible) and stress was found between subjects raised in non-intact (or disrupted) and intact families, the difference in materialism as a whole was not significant. In terms of the three materialistic values of success, happiness and centrality, subjects raised in disrupted families significantly scored higher in the happiness dimension. For the money attitude dimensions of status, achievement, worry, budget and security they significantly scored higher in the worry money attitude. Results of the correlation analyses showed that perceived decrease in tangible (food, clothing and pocket money) family resources was a childhood factor that affected later worry money attitude to significantly and positively influence all of the three materialistic values. Perceived decreases in intangible family resources (for example, love and emotional support) negatively affected the symbolic money attitudes of status and worry, which in turn, positively affected only the happiness dimension of materialism. Perceived increase in stress positively affected all of the symbolic money attitudes of status, worry and achievement. These, in turn, positively influenced only the success and happiness materialistic values. The second research problem was based on an assessment of the moderating role of money attitudes on the childhood family experiences to materialism relationship. Using hierarchical regression analyses, it was found that only the achievement and worry money attitude dimensions moderated the family resources to materialism relationship. This means that when subjects hold higher worry and achievement money attitudes, an increase in family resources (tangible and intangible) will have less effect in reducing materialistic tendencies. For the stress to materialism relationship, only the worry money attitude dimension had a moderating effect, meaning that when higher worry money attitude is held, an increase in stress from family disruptions would have a greater effect in increasing materialistic tendencies. None of the five money attitude dimensions did, however, moderate the childhood family structure to materialism relationship. The results of this study do not only have theoretical implications, but also provide valuable information to consumer-interest groups, banks and retailers, especially in terms of the money attitudes of Generation Y consumers in South Africa.
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Ashley, David W. "The Demand for Consumer Credit." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34158.
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The demand for consumer credit is an area of economics that is of great interest to those in the lending community. While much research has been performed on this topic in the financial industry, the findings have been very closely guarded for competitive reasons. In this study, reduced form equations were derived to form the basis of a 2SLS regression model. This model was used to estimate the demand for consumer credit in the United States over the period 1973 - 2002. Six independent variables were included in the analysis: monetary base, unemployment rate, consumer confidence index, disposable personal income, federal funds interest rate and the price/barrel of oil. The model results concluded that only two of these variables significantly affect the demand for consumer credit – disposable personal income (DPIt) and the unemployment rate (uet). The error terms were compared against those derived from two alternative models using the same data sets – a trend model and an autoregressive model – AR(1). The root mean square error (RMSE) for the reduced form model was significantly lower then that of the trend model, but slightly higher then the AR(1) model. The objectives of this study are to: (1) produce an accurate model that defines the drivers behind the demand for consumer credit, while (2) producing results consistent with econometric theory. Based on this set of objectives, the reduced form model is the superior of the three models included in this study.
Master of Arts
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Dey, Shubhasis. "Essays on consumer lines of credit credit cards and home equity lines of credit /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1091811947.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 97 p. : ill. Advisor: Lucia Dunn, Department of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97).
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Tong, Edward N. C. "Mixture models for consumer credit risk." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374795/.
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The three papers in this thesis comprise the development of three types of Basel models – a Probability of Default (PD), Loss Given Default (LGD) and Exposure at Default (EAD) model for consumer credit risk, using mixture model methods. Mixture models consider the underlying population as being composed of different sub-populations that are modelled separately. In the first paper (Chapter 2), mixture cure models are introduced to the area of PD/credit scoring. A large proportion of the dataset may not experience the event of interest during the loan term, i.e. default. A mixture cure model predicting (time to) default on a UK personal loan portfolio was developed and its performance compared to industry standard models. The mixture cure model's ability to distinguish between two subpopulations can offer additional insights by estimating the parameters that determine susceptibility to default in addition to parameters that influence time to default of a borrower. The second paper (Chapter 3) considers LGD modelling. One of the key problems in building regression models to estimate loan-level LGD in retail portfolios such as mortgage loans relates to the difficulty in modelling its distribution, which typically contains an extensive amount of zeroes. An alternative approach is proposed in which a mixed discrete-continuous model for the total loss amount incurred on a defaulted loan is developed. The model simultaneously accommodates the probability of zero loss and the loss amount given that loss occurs. This zero-adjusted gamma model is shown to present an alternative and competitive approach to LGD modelling. The third paper (Chapter 4) considers EAD models for revolving credit facilities with variable exposure. The credit conversion factor (CCF), the proportion of the current undrawn amount that will be drawn down at time of default, is used to calculate the EAD and poses modelling challenges with challenging bimodal distributions. We explore alternative EAD models which ignore the CCF formulation and target the EAD distribution directly. We propose a mixture model with the zero-adjusted gamma distribution and compare performance with CCF based models. We find the mixture model to be more accurate in calibration than the CCF models and that segmented approaches offer further performance improvements.
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Teufel, Anne Julia. "Der finanzierte Verbrauchsgüterkauf im deutschen und französischen Recht : rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung zum Verbraucherschutzrecht bei finanzierten Verträgen /." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989342867/04.
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Ji, Tingting. "Essays on consumer portfolio and credit risk." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1098981351.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 99 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99).
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Lin, Chi-Jack. "Racial Discrimination in the Consumer Credit Market." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276708518.
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Henley, William Edward. "Statistical aspects of credit scoring." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57441/.
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This thesis is concerned with statistical aspects of credit scoring, the process of determining how likely an applicant for credit is to default with repayments. In Chapters 1-4 a detailed introduction to credit scoring methodology is presented, including evaluation of previous published work on credit scoring and a review of discrimination and classification techniques. In Chapter 5 we describe different approaches to measuring the absolute and relative performance of credit scoring models. Two significance tests are proposed for comparing the bad rate amongst the accepts (or the error rate) from two classifiers. In Chapter 6 we consider different approaches to reject inference, the procedure of allocating class membership probabilities to the rejects. One reason for needing reject inference is to reduce the sample selection bias that results from using a sample consisting only of accepted applicants to build new scorecards. We show that the characteristic vectors for the rejects do not contain information about the parameters of the observed data likelihood, unless extra information or assumptions are included. Methods of reject inference which incorporate additional information are proposed. In Chapter 7 we make comparisons of a range of different parametric and nonparametric classification techniques for credit scoring: linear regression, logistic regression, projection pursuit regression, Poisson regression, decision trees and decision graphs. We conclude that classifier performance is fairly insensitive to the particular technique adopted. In Chapter 8 we describe the application of the k-NN method to credit scoring. We propose using an adjusted version of the Eucidean distance metric, which is designed to incorporate knowledge of class separation contained in the data. We evaluate properties of the k-NN classifier through empirical studies and make comparisons with existing techniques.
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Vessio, Monica L. "The effects of the in duplum rule and clause 103(5) of the National Credit Bill 2005 on interest /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02072007-184243/.
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Hamilton, Robert. "[Credit] scoring : predicting, understanding and explaining consumer behaviour." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13053.
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This thesis stems from my research into the broad area of (credit) scoring and the predicting, understanding and explaining of consumer behaviour. This research started at the Univers1ty of Edinburgh on an ESRC funded project in 1988. This work, which is being submitted as the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough Unvers1ty, consists of an introductory chapter and a selection of papers published 1991 - 2001 (inclusive). The papers address some of the key issues and areas of interest and concern arising from the rapidly evolving and expanding credit (card) market and the highly competitive nature of the credit industry. These features were particularly evident during the late 1980's and throughout the 90's Chapter One provides a general background to the research and outlines some of the key (practical) issues involved in building a (credit) scorecard Additionally, it provides a brief summary of each of the research papers appearing in full in Chapters 2- 9 (inclusive) and ends with some general limitations and conclusions. The research papers appearing in Chapters 2-9 inclusive) are all concerned with predicting, understanding and explaining different types of consumer behaviour in relation to the use of credit cards. For example discriminating between 'GOOD' and 'BAD' repayers of credit card debt on the basis of different definitions of good and bad, the identification of 'slow payers' using different statistical methods; examining the characteristics of credit card users and non-users, and identifying the characteristics of credit card holders most likely to return their credit card.
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Yuan, Danny. "Applications of machine learning : consumer credit risk analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100614.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-66).
Current credit bureau analytics, such as credit scores, are based on slowly varying consumer characteristics, and thus, they are not adaptable to changes in customers behaviors and market conditions over time. In this paper, we would like to apply machine-learning techniques to construct forecasting models of consumer credit risk. By aggregating credit accounts, credit bureau, and customer data given to us from a major commercial bank (which we will call the Bank, as per confidentiality agreement), we expect to be able to construct out-of-sample forecasts. The resulting models would be able to tackle common challenges faced by chief risk officers and policymakers, such as deciding when and how much to cut individuals account credit lines, evaluating the credit score for current and prospective customers, and forecasting aggregate consumer credit defaults and delinquencies for the purpose of enterprise-wide and macroprudential risk management.
by Danny Yuan.
M. Eng.
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Sofola, Olatokunbo. "The Nigerian law of consumer credit and security." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268316.
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Ouedraogo, Saïdou. "Participation, coopération et développement : le cas du réseau des caisses populaires du Burkina Faso /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Mack, Devin Langdon. "The Cost of Credit| Protecting Consumers in a Regulated Fringe Credit Market." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10634169.
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The Cost of Credit: Protecting Consumers in a Regulated Fringe Credit Market proposes that federal fair lending laws must be expanded to cover more fringe consumer financial products and services to provide protection of lower to moderate income consumers seeking credit. The financial crisis of 2007–2010 made clear the need for regulatory changes in the overall financial services industry. From the crisis going forward it was made more apparent that there was a greater need to further regulate sectors of the financial services industry that provide alternative sources of credit to American consumers who did not qualify for traditional mainstream credit. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) was created to address this need for change and implement said changes, but the bureau has fallen short of its mission.
This paper contends that the CFPB’s inaction in regulating the retail rent to own industry is a failure to carry out the bureau’s purpose of ensuring that all consumers have access to fair, affordable, and sustainable credit. Ensuring consumers access to fair, affordable, and sustainable credit, specifically lower to moderate income consumer requires that the bureau regulates additional fringe credit markets that fall under its authority. This paper reasons that this regulatory authority comes from the CFPB’s power to regulate any provider that offers or extends credit to consumers. This paper makes the argument that the extension of credit in the retail rent own market should be regulated to the same extent that no credit check pay day and title loans are.
Furthermore, this paper maintains that retail rent to own arrangements, pay day and title loans may be too costly for consumers overtime because they do not help consumers move into the mainstream traditional credit market, but instead keeps them in a cycle of high cost and low benefit borrowing. However, with no alternative credit option for these consumers it is not feasible to prohibit these financial products and services, therefore further federal regulation is essential to protect consumers. Ultimately, this paper provides recommendations to lawmakers that if accepted will further strengthen consumer protections in the consumer credit market.
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Desoto, Dana. "Producing control and consuming resistance the information system of consumer credit /." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/D_DeSoto_060608.pdf.
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Gonçalves, Tiago Moraes. "O seguro prestamista: uma análise sobre a natureza jurídica e a importância socioeconômica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6005.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-23The purpose of this Master's dissertation is to analyze a type of insurance contract ¬ that is becoming increasingly important in Brazil and the world, and that is sti11little 'explored by the doctrine and mistakenly interpreted by case law: the Consumer credit insurance. This type of insurance guarantees the payment of a debt of the insured person, or part thereof, in case of the occurrence of an event covered by the policy agreed upon. The consumer credit insurance is developed within the scope ofthe Consumer Society and one ofits focal points is precisely the credit, assisting in maintaining the status quo of the social structure, by making possible a significant reduction in the risk of default in the concession of credit, thus fulfilling, an important sgcial function. The analysis therefore is not Rossible, without a theoretical overflight on the socioeconomic reality that justified the creation and development of the consumer credit insurance. Furthermore, with the aim of establishing the foundations for the interpretation of this contract, the work focuses on an analysis of the insurance transaction, addressing key issues inc1udingtransindividual interests, the entrepreneurship of the insurance activity, the commutativeness of the contract and the; interest as a legalIy protected asset, as welI as a brief digression on the legal framework of the insurance contracts and legal matters conceming their legal c1assification. The work finalIy analyzes the consumer contract insurance itself, exploring all the components, coverage provided, interests involved, the practices of the insurance market in the pre-contractual stage, the completion and execution to, at the end, offer a new insight into their legal nature, aiming to contribute to the doctrine and national jurisprudence for a better understanding of this contractual model.
A presente dissertação de mestrado possui o objetivo de analisar uma modalidade de contrato de seguro que ganha cada vez mais importância no Brasil e no mundo, e que ainda é pouco explorado pela doutrina e equivocadamente interpretado pela Jurisprudência: o seguro prestamista. Essa modalidade de seguro garante o pagamento de uma dívida do segurado, ou de 'parte dela, em caso da ocorrência de uma dos eventos cobertos pelo contrato. O seguro "" prestamista se desenvolve no âmbito da Sociedade de Consumo, que tem como um de seus eixos justamente o crédito ao consumo, auxiliando na manutenção do st'atus quo da estrutura quo da estrutura social, ao possibilitar sensível diminuição do risco de inadimplência nos contratos de concessão de crédito, cumprindo, assim, importante função social. Impossível a análise, portanto, sem um sobrevoo teórico sobre a realidade socioeconômico que justificou a criação I e o desenvolvimento do seguro prestamista. Além disso, com intuito de estabelecer premissas para a interpretação deste contrato, buscou-se realizar uma análise da operação de seguros, passando por questões essenciais como a transindividualidade de interesses, a empresarialidade da atividade seguradora, a comutatividade e o interesse como bem juridicamente tutelado pelo seguro, assim como por breve digressão sobre o marco lega1 dos contratos de seguro e questões relativas à classificação jurídica dos mesmos. O trabalho, por fim, irá analisar o contrato de seguro prestamista propriamente dito, explorando as partes que o integram, as coberturas prestadas, os interesses envolvidos, as práticas do mercado de seguro na fase pré-contratual, em sua conclusão e execução, para, ao final, propor uma nova visão sobre sua natureza jurídica, visando contribuir com a doutrina e jurisprudência pátria para melhor compreensão desta figura contratual.
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Sewart, Pete. "Graphical and longitudinal models in credit analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387438.
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Ju, In-Sook. "Credit Use and Financial Satisfaction Among USU Community Credit Union Members." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2501.
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This study investigated the level of financial satisfaction of the family money manager in relation to socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes towards credit, and credit practices. The population was members of the USU Community Credit Union. Data were collected with a mail survey questionnaire from a random sample of 500 subjects. After multiple follow-up attempts, the response rate was 55.2 percent.
The dependent variable was financial satisfaction; the independent variables were categorized into three groups: socioeconomic characteristics, credit attitudes, and credit practices. The conceptual model of this study hypothesized that there is a relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Age, education, home value, household income, and savings were positively related to financial satisfaction. Those who felt comfortable with larger amounts of credit payment were associated with higher income levels and higher satisfaction levels. People with favorable attitudes toward borrowing money to pay for houses were more likely to be satisfied with their financial conditions. Convenience credit card users were more satisfied than installment users. Higher debt repayment-to-income ratios were associated with lower levels of financial satisfaction. Respondents' feeling about their credit obligations was the most powerful predictor of financial satisfaction; people who were concerned about their credit obligations were likely to be less satisfied with their financial situations that those who were not. Concern over credit obligations was not highly related to socioeconomic characteristics or debt repayment-to- income ratio. Accordingly, the subjective assessment of credit obligations was more important in explaining financial satisfaction than the objective measurement of family debt burden such as debt repayment-to-income ratio.
Fifty-two percent of the variation in financial satisfaction was accounted for by socioeconomic characteristics, credit attitudes, and credit practices. Credit practices were more powerful predictors of financial satisfaction than socioeconomic characteristics. This result illustrates the importance of credit management as a contributing factor in financial satisfaction.
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Brady, Ryan Robert. "Consumer credit growth and the efficacy of monetary policy /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Payne, Christopher. "The consumer, credit and debt : governing the British economy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2089/.
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This thesis asks the question 'how did an imagined figure of the consumer, with raised levels of indebtedness, come to be identified as central to the government of the economy in contemporary Britain.' It utilises the method of Michel Foucault and governmentality scholarship generally to understand how British neoliberalism approaches the question of how to govern the economy. The first three chapters analyse the governmentality of neoliberalism as it emerged in the think tanks of the New Right, the Institute of Economic Affairs and the Centre for Policy Studies from the late 1950s to the 1970s. The final two chapters analyse the actual practice of government particularly in relation to monetary and banking policy after 1979. I argue that what distinguishes the governmentality of neoliberalism, at least in the economic sphere, is a particular conceptualisation of the consumer. Specifically ideas about who the consumer is and what different acts of consumption represent provides the basis for a political rationality that formed in contradistinction to the human agent identified by progressive liberals, such as J.M. Keynes, who believed that government had a significant role to play in guaranteeing economic security for workers and entrepreneurs alike. In writing the history of how the consumer has been imagined in economic policy in the latter half of the twentieth century in Britain, this thesis attempts to historicise and problematise this figure, making an explicit link between governing for the consumer, the availability of credit and rising consumer indebtedness.
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Ponce-Rodriguez, Alejandro. "Consumer and firm behavior in the credit card market /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Chow, Wo-lap. "Promotional strategy for visa credit card in Hong Kong with respect to customers' choice criteria." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13302322.
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Bong, Kui-mein Maria. "Characteristics of active & inactive credit cardholders : a case study /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12315126.
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Lyons, Angela Christine. "Household liquidity and financial innovations : evidence from the Survey of consumer finances /." Digital version, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?3008384.
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Jayiya, Lubabalo. "The duty of credit providers to assess consumers before they enter into credit agreements." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62564.
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Calder, Lendol Glen. "Financing the American dream : a cultural history of consumer credit /." Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Princeton Univ. Press, 1999. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0b4s4-aa.
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Klimchock, Carolee Anne. "Plastic Capital: Wilmington, Delaware and the Deregulation of Consumer Credit." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626545.
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Mattocks, Benjamin A. "An evaluation of support vector machines in consumer credit analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85446.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50).
This thesis examines a support vector machine approach for determining consumer credit. The support vector machine using a radial basis function (RBF) kernel is compared to a previous implementation of a decision tree machine learning model. The dataset used for evaluation was provided by a large bank and includes relevant consumer-level data, including transactions and credit-bureau data. The results suggest that a support vector machine offers similar performance to decision trees, but the parameters specifying the soft-margin constraint and the inverse-width used in the RBF kernel could significantly affect its performance.
by Benjamin A. Mattocks.
M. Eng.
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Theodorakopoulou, Stavroula (Vina). "Consumer debt decisions and credit card delinquency in the UK." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/32209/.
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he chief undertaking of this study is to investigate consumer debt decisions and identify the factors that may lead to credit card delinquency. We base the analysis on the UK and present a synthesis of these findings with respect to education and policy making. The thesis: summarises relevant academic literature and key policy debates; explores new approaches to decision making under uncertainty; makes a case for measures to imprOve financial literacy; employs the recently accessible UK Wealth and Assets survey (WAS) that is not yet the basis for published research findings in the area of consumer debt;1 uses appropriate empirical methods to discover the factors that increase risk of credit card delinquency amongst the 16-35 age group. With respect to credit card delinquency, the study concludes that personal demographic and socio-economic characteristics which have been found to be relevant predictors of fragile personal finances in previous research are relevant also in the case of credit card delinquency amongst young persons in the UK. Gender, ethnicity and education are discovered to be important determinants of the risk of delinquency and there is some evidence that personal attitudes to financial risk may also be relevant. With respect to financial literacy and policy making, the study concludes that there is a need for the Government and the policy makers to promote financial education across the population with emphasis on young adults, particularly males without Higher Education and ethnic minorities. Moreover, policy makers should acknowledge the presence of uncertainty in consumer debt decisions and incorporate seminars on risk awareness in the educational system and labour market.
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Gomez, Bruno(Bruno Enrique Gomez Lezcano). "Consumer credit risk measurement : challenges for the Paraguayan banking system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124582.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 40).
Credit risk is often a critical risk in the financial sector. Therefore, how a financial institution manages its credit risk is an important determinant of profitability and solvency. In this regard, the identification and measurement of credit risk is the first component of efficient risk management. Correct and timely credit ratings are important for risk management systems, and for informing regulators about financial system risks. Credit risk is the main risk faced by the Paraguayan financial sector. Effectively managing it requires banking supervision and regulation in line with international best practices. As a step in that direction, this research assesses the Paraguayan banking regulation of credit risk and compares it to the principles and the best practices about credit risk management issued by the Basel Committee. I propose principles to guide the implementation of statistical models for better measurement of credit risk in Paraguayan financial institutions.
by Bruno Gomez.
S.M. in Management Studies
S.M.inManagementStudies Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Hoosain, Aadila. "Relationship between consumer credit and consumption spending in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30603.
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This paper verifies the positive relationship between consumer credit and the four categories of consumption spending in South Africa. The study utilised data sourced from the South African Reserve Bank for the period 1975-2011. The study was conducted via regression analysis to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. A significant positive relationship was found between the independent variable household debt and the four categories of consumption. The results are statistically significant for non-durable and durable goods and although significant for services and semi-durable goods, the relationship is less strong in these two instances.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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McCloud, Laura Summer. "Financed Mobility: Parents' Consumer Credit Histories and Young Adult Outcomes." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282065440.
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Kerr, Sougata. "The impact of relationship lending in assessing default heterogeneity and consumer search behavior in the 1990s U.S credit card market." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1060562543.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 89 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Lucia Dunn, Dept. of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-84).
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Arriaga, Rui Miguel Berberan. "Análise do perfil dos utilizadores de cartão de crédito em Portugal com base no Module Ad-Hoc "On Over-Indebtedness and Financial Exclusion" (SILC)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6391.
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Mestrado em FinançasO presente trabalho de investigação visa analisar a tipologia dos indivíduos que em Portugal possuem cartão de crédito (posse) e o utilizam, atendendo à forma como liquidam o saldo do cartão de crédito no final do período ou como o usam pagando parte do saldo existente (uso). Estuda ainda as causas dos comportamentos dos indivíduos e famílias em relação à posse e uso do cartão de crédito. Existe uma teoria designada por credit card puzzle que é essencial ao debate teórico em torno dos cartões de crédito. Por falta de informação para pesquisa exata se existe ou não um puzzle em Portugal, procuro verificar se existe uma associação entre ter cartão de crédito com saldo negativo e diversas características da família como por exemplo: o escalão de rendimento disponível, a idade, a necessidade de pedir empréstimos, o indicador de pobreza, entre outras. A conclusão a que se chega é que há fortes indícios da existência de um credit card puzzle em Portugal. A pesquisa empírica sobre os fatores que determinam a posse e uso do cartão de crédito é baseada no Module Ad-Hoc “On Over-Indebtedness And Financial Exclusion-2008” (EU-SILC) para Portugal e EU, guiada por 10 hipóteses explicativas baseadas na literatura consultada. Os resultados obtidos são de que existe uma relação positiva entre o rendimento do agregado e a posse e uso do cartão de crédito; o número de pessoas no agregado familiar influencia a posse e o uso do cartão de crédito; conforme aumenta o grau de educação, aumenta também a posse do cartão de crédito, no entanto, o uso com saldo negativo, diminui; o género influencia a posse e uso do cartão de crédito, uma vez que é o sexo masculino o maior detentor da posse mas é o feminino o maior detentor do uso com saldo negativo; a nível da situação de atividade, são os empregados a possuírem mais o cartão de crédito e os desempregados a usarem-no mais; no estado civil são os casados que mais possuem e os solteiros os que mais usam com saldo negativo; em relação à idade, quem tem entre 26 e 35 anos possui mais, mas quem tem entre 19 e 25 usa com saldo negativo mais. Duas hipóteses testadas que são em geral omissas na literatura sobre os cartões de crédito tiveram resultados relevantes. Quem pede ajuda a familiares e amigos e possui cartão de crédito 333333usa-o menos do que quem não pode contar com essa ajuda; os que vivem acima do limiar da pobreza possuem com maior frequência cartão e utilizam-no com saldo negativo menos do que quem vive abaixo do limiar da pobreza. A investigação contribui para identificar quem são os utilizadores dos cartões de crédito, de que forma o usam em função das suas necessidades de crédito, de que forma contribui o uso com saldo negativo para o endividamento. São ainda efetuadas comparações internacionais quer em relação ao perfil do detentor de cartão de crédito quer em relação à explicação dos comportamentos.
This research aims to analyze how the Portuguese hold credit cards (owner) and use them taking in account the way they liquidate the credit card balance at the end of the period, or how do they use the debit balance paying just part of the existing balance (use). This research also investigates causes to individuals’ and families’ behavior regarding the possession and use of the credit cards. An existent theory called “credit card puzzle” is essential to the theoretical debate around the credit cards subject. Due to lack of information for exact research whether or not there is a puzzle in Portugal, I try to check if there is association between having credit card balance and various family characteristics such as: the level of disposable income, household size and the need for loans, the poverty indicator, among others. I reached the conclusion that there is strong evidence of the existence of a Credit Card Puzzle in Portugal. The empirical research on the factors that determine the possession and use of the credit card is based on the Ad-Hoc Module "On Over-Indebtedness and Financial Exclusion-2008" (EU-SILC) for Portugal and EU countries and guided by 10 explanatory hypotheses based on the literature consulted. The results point to a positive relationship between household income and the ownership and use of the credit card; the household size influences the ownership and the use of the credit card; as the level of education increases, so increases the ownership of the credit card, however, the use with negative balance, decreases; the gender influences the possession and credit card use, since it is the male gender that holds most credit cards but is the female gender the biggest holder of the use negative balance; considering employment status, employees is the group which holds more credit card and the unemployed group is the group that use more unbalanced; on marital status, married men hold more credit cards and singles use more unbalanced; considering age, those who are between 26 and 35 years old hold more credit cards, but those who are between 19 and 25 years old hold more unbalance. Generally omitted in the literature on credit cards, the two hypotheses tested have relevant results. Those who eventually can trust on family financial help and or friends financial help and have credit cards use less than those who cannot rely on such aid; those who live above the poverty line hold more frequently credit cards and use it with negative balance less than people who live below the poverty line, however, still 16% of households living below the poverty line own credit cards. This research helps to identify who are the users of credit cards, how they use them on the basis of their credit needs, and how carrying a negative balance contributes to indebtedness. International comparisons in relation both to the profile of the credit card holder and to explain personal behavior, were also carried out.
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Scott, Robert H. Sturgeon James I. "The determinants of default on credit card debt." Diss., UMK access, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005."A dissertation in economics and social science consortium." Advisor: James I. Sturgeon. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-161 ). Online version of the print edition.
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Berquó, Anna Taddei Alves Pereira Pinto. "O crédito na sociedade de consumo." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7299.
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The credit allows several studies under different viewpoints, one of which is related to the possibility of it being a commodity credit and therefore, liable to be manipulated symbolically. This thesis focuses on an elrerly group - from sixty years old - men and women, retirees, which may have some occupation, the majority belonging to the middle class, surveys were conducted in order to develop this research. The research issue is based on the question concerning the fact of how these informants are inserted in consumer society and the extent to which the credit relates to the strategies they have adopted, such as mediation, recognition, prestige and social ascension. The findings relate to the fact that relationships involving consumer credit report to some aspects of Brazilian society as personalism, while considering the confidence value as well as the rationalization of consumer credit shows the transformation in the conduct of informants, with preference payment in cash instead of credit payment. Analyzes the moral drama resulting from the use of credit by the informants, approaching a particular type of morality and honor, shame and guilt, religiousness and the idea of sacrifice in the name of a greater good.
O crédito permite diversos estudos sob pontos de vista diferentes, sendo um deles o relacionado à possibilidade de ser o crédito um bem de consumo e, portanto, passível de ser manipulado simbolicamente. A presente Tese enfoca um grupo que se refere às pessoas idosas, a partir dos sessenta anos de idade, homens e mulheres, aposentados, podendo ter alguma ocupação, pertencentes, atualmente, em sua maioria, à classe média, sendo realizadas entrevistas e partir delas desenvolve-se esta pesquisa. A problemática investigada baseia-se na indagação referente ao fato de como esses informantes se inserem na sociedade de consumo e em que medida o crédito se relaciona com as estratégias por eles adotadas de mediação, reconhecimento, ascensão e prestígio sociais. As constatações se reportam ao fato de que as relações de consumo que envolvem crédito se reportam a alguns aspectos da sociedade brasileira como os do personalismo, considerando a confiança enquanto valor, bem como o processo de racionalização do crédito ao consumidor demonstra a transformação na conduta dos informantes, com a preferência do pagamento à vista em detrimento do pagamento a crédito. Analisa-se o drama moral decorrente do uso do crédito pelos informantes, abordando-se um tipo particular de moralidade como honra, sentimento de vergonha e de culpa, religiosidade e a ideia de sacrifício em nome de um bem maior.
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Ralph, Lisa M. "Latinos in the Credit Economy." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/691.
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Access to consumer credit as a means of building wealth is one of the least examined forms of social inequality. The recent economic crisis in the United States has brought attention to the significance of consumer credit in our nation's economy; however, less understood are the specific obstacles and barriers that prevent low-income individuals from reaching the "American Dream." In an exploratory manner, this study compared credit access, credit literacy, and credit experience of low-income Latinos and non-Latinos to understand how credit might translate into asset-building and home ownership for Latinos, particular for those in new immigrant destinations where access to ethnic resources is limited.
Using survey data on banking practices, credit accounts, and asset ownership gathered from English- and Spanish-speaking residents in northern Utah between 2007 and 2009, this research found that low-income Latino residents are not in the same position to establish credit compared to their low-income non-Latino neighbors. As expected, Latinos in my study have less actively sought credit cards, auto loans, and other forms of debt than non-Latinos. As a consequence their credit literacy and experience is limited. Half of the Latinos in this study are not financially embedded and operate mainly outside the credit economy.
Surprisingly, this study revealed that having a bank account does not necessarily change one's financial behavior; in contrast to their native-born neighbors, even Latinos with bank accounts habitually paid bills with cash and/or money orders. Lacking access to and an understanding of credit remains a critical problem for most Latino immigrants, and unless changed such practices are likely to affect their wealth-building potential for years to come.
Ironically, choices to remain outside of the credit economy may have spared many immigrants from the kind of financial losses suffered by "financially embedded" individuals during the recent recession. Credit can enable families to purchase assets such as a home that enable them to accumulate wealth. On the other hand, problems with credit can lead to overspending, reliance on credit, bankruptcy, and foreclosure. More research is needed to understand the dynamics of credit and inequality for both Latinos and non-Latinos alike.
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Deville, Joseph. "The landscape of consumer credit default : tracing technologies of market attachment." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://research.gold.ac.uk/4755/.
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The first global recession of the twenty-first century has been widely characterised as a crisis rooted in secured credit default. But in the UK, a different, less visible, but increasingly common tale of credit default exists, which not only predates the economic downturn, but continues to compound its effects: that of unsecured, consumer credit default. This is the object of this thesis: it focuses on tracing the changing calculative landscapes that heavily indebted and defaulting consumer credit borrowers in the UK move through, from periods of borrowing, to managing debts, to being confronted by debt collectors. It draws together the perspectives of borrowers, defaulters, collectors, industry analysts and spokespersons, as well as insights from visits to three major debt collection agencies, shedding light on a domain of socio-economic life which has been subject to little detailed empirical research. At the centre of the thesis is the concept of ‘market attachment’, drawing on work within the ‘economization’ programme within economic sociology. In so doing, the thesis argues that in existing accounts of market attachment there has been a lack of attention (a) to the variable modes through which markets seek to enact attachments between consumer and producer and (b) to those constraining market attachments from which ‘detachment’ is difficult. In particular, the thesis explores the relationship between ‘affective’ modes of social action and economic calculation. Drawing attention to how emergent, corporeal relations can become central to markets, the thesis contributes towards enriching the vocabulary and expanding the potential empirical focus of economic sociology. In so doing, the thesis explores the distributed politics of consumer credit, centring on the separation enacted between ‘lender’ and ‘collector’. This separation, the thesis argues, is not only useful for the collections industry, it is strategically put to work and routinely re-enacted as a generative market device.
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Shaoul, Michael D. "On the significance of consumer credit : an alternative to commonsense accounts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295039.
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Asheela, Ndatega Victoria. "Towards responsible lending in Namibian consumer credit law : a comparative investigation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65659.
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The regulation of consumer credit in Namibia mainly is provided for by the Usury Act 73 of 1968 and the Credit Agreements Act 75 of 1980. These legislative enactments originated in South Africa and were applied in South West Africa during the period of South Africa’s mandate over what is now the Republic of Namibia. Despite the fact that these enactments are over 35 years old, they are substantially unchanged. In response to an awareness of the threat of consumer over-indebtedness and other events such as financial crises, the purpose in this thesis is to undertake a situational analysis of the debt prevention measures as provided for by the Namibian legislative framework and the extent of protection these measures afford consumers in terms of irresponsible credit and over-indebtedness. A broad survey of the policies aimed at promoting responsible lending benchmarks the Namibian consumer credit regulatory framework against the leading international best principles which have been developed in response to global economic challenges. The Namibia Financial Institutions Supervisory Authority in the 2014 Microlending Bill proposes to introduce responsible lending practices in the form of a compulsory pre-agreement assessment of the prospective consumer before providing them with credit. In a comparative investigation, the creditworthiness assessment and related measures central to the responsible lending regimes in South Africa and Australia are considered. Measuring the Namibian consumer credit regulatory framework against these recent developments, it is submitted that the current debt prevention measures are inadequate in protecting consumers from irresponsible credit lending and the risk of consumer over-indebtedness. This thesis supplies reasons for the need in Namibia to update the regulatory structure of the credit industry in order to protect consumers. As a contribution to the promotion of a culture of responsible lending in the Namibian consumer credit market, the thesis proposes the introduction of responsible lending measures in Namibia’s consumer credit legislative framework.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Mercantile Law
LLD
Unrestricted
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Ssebagala, Ralph A. "The dynamics of consumer credit and household indebtedness in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15721.
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Consumer credit has become an important element of the South African economy. Given the limits on state social security payments, and the chronic absence of substantial household savings, consumer credit has come to play a vital role as a substitute for income support and/or a complement to low wages. This gives the credit market its microeconomic and welfare objectives. However, consumer credit can be a dangerous product if households allow themselves to get over-extended. Such concerns brought forth the argument for tight regulation of the credit market, resulting in the enactment of the National Credit Act (NCA) in 2006. This study explores the nuances of consumer credit use in South Africa. It draws on the consumer credit regulatory framework, participation in the consumer credit market, and the debt problems of consumers. Analysis of the NCA shows that it has the potential to deliver both individual and social protection from over-indebtedness (primarily through its provisions on disclosures, registration, public awareness, etc.), but desperately inadequate in its potential to alleviate consumer over-indebtedness. In practice, it is also not clear that the regulations are having a fundamental effect on consumers' decision-making as policy makers might have hoped. Analysis of variation in participation in the consumer credit market shows that participation was driven largely by life cycle consumption needs, present and expected future resources. The consumer debt-service burden was positively related to the size of the debt load and experiences of shock. While the empirical results suggest that the market was relatively secure from wide spread default losses, there are pockets of vulnerability among consumers with regard to indebtedness which might increase delinquency rates. Such consumers might benefit from reduced access to credit. Consumer debt repayment problems are, for the most part, explained by unfortunate events (shocks) that disrupt income streams, more than by excessive spending, even when controlling for debtors' creditworthiness. This suggests that even where credit is used responsibly, repayment problems might still occur. The implication is not that credit must be regulated tightly, but rather that there is a need for tighter debt relief and rehabilitation framework. The available mechanisms under NCA are not up to the task of providing meaningful relief and rehabilitation. Given the importance of shocks in debt problems and the high risk of such shocks in South Africa, this study concludes with proposals for a tightly regulated, but simple mechanism for debt discharge akin to the contemporary 'fresh start' debt relief measures.
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Lebani, K. "An evaluation of consumers adoption and use of store cards and related facilities in Botswana." Access to E-Thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04242008-153809.
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WEI, JUI-HUI, and 魏瑞慧. "A study on the analysis of credit card customer consume behavior through the Hierarchical Bayesian Model." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54144052535063941907.
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碩士國立臺北大學
統計學系
96
Consumers’ consumption behavior is the most important studies in the customer relationship management (CRM). In recent years, the heterogeneous among customers let marketers have to understand deeply. In the other way, the vehement competition in the market let the credit card organizations to design more attractive promotion plans for more the credit card expense. In this study, we combine the Hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM), which is mostly used to estimate the inter-purchase time of customer, and the Stone’s RFM model, which can be use to weight the customer value, to categorize customers efficiently. In the Hierarchical Bayesian model, we uses a generalized gamma distribution for modeling inter-purchase times and then uses the mixture generalized gamma distribution to segment customer into four states. By using the RFM model, we can cluster customers into groups of various customers’ value. The contribution of the study is combing the BHM and RFM model. Not only catches the heterogeneous behavior of customer purchases but also segments the customers for several groups effectively. Good segment let marketers to adopt many diverse marketing plants and different order to promotion. This study used the stratified sampling data and check the efficiency of two classification, may provides some references to the credit card organization.
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Yeh, Chien-Liang, and 葉建良. "A Study of Default Risk Model of Consume Credit Loan Using CART（Classification and Regression Tree）: With Bank A in Taiwan as an Example." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85924060349896628945.
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碩士輔仁大學
應用統計學研究所
94
In recent years, the bank industry actively introduce and plan to practice the Basel Ⅱ and adjust the inside system gradually. Banks except itself had consume private liability variables, also taken the relevant consume situation of credit from JCIC. Banks actively set up default risk model in order to calculate default risk’s score and then set up and comment etc. In order to distinguishes from the size of customer's risk and reduce the loss. Then how to set up appropriate default risk models is also the key of this research. The objective of this research is to find consume private liability variables and relation of individual credit variables which have significant influences on default, and to decide the suitable cut-point of probability of expect default of the consume credit loan default by using Classification and regression tree technique. Result, this research sets up six kinds of evaluation models and finally determine “relation of bad – decision tree” is the better model by comparing six prediction abilities of model (Accuracy rate, Recall rate , FP rate, TN rate, FN rate and Precision rate ), ROC curve, and Cumulative Lift curve. In “the relation of bad - decision tree” , the important eight variables are “gander”, “education levels”, “the address of company (city)”, “inquire of other banks last three months”, “difference of total credit and total loan”, “the rate of times fully pay up last N months”, “the number of credit cards could borrow money”, “the average of credit”, etc. The decision tree that had ten levels and twenty-six nodes cut-point is 23.16% with the suitable probability of expect default.
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Sandamela, Victor Noah Abel Gold. "The impact of the National Credit Act on the growth of small business lending in the Vhembe Region of Limpopo." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/145.
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WEI-KWANG, WANG, and 王偉光. "Credit Cards and Consumer Credit Protection." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13635756868729226076.
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潘玥竹. "Consumer Credit Protection." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47001050302468360515.
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Chen, Tsung-Hao, and 陳宗豪. "The credit risk research of consumer credit loan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72696047950490555281.
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碩士國立中山大學
人力資源管理研究所
88
Abstract According to a survey conducted by Rock (1984), the major factors of influenced credit risk are (1) the relationship with other creditor, (2) income, (3) loan-income ration, (4) profession, (5) immovable property, (6) check & deposit account. And, the sure way to score with lenders are (1) rules of thumb & subjective judgment, (2) credit rating system, (3) credit scoring system, and (4) expert system. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationships between sex, age, income, profession, assets, the purpose of loan, employment information, credit references, credit limit, total installment loan account by the consumer, total number of inquiries and the consumer’s payment records. The results of this search indicate that: 1. The previous stereo type thinking of banking industry always treat the military officials as wall as police officials are risky groups to consumer credit loan. However, this study found the contrary result. The payment over due rate is comparatively lower than that of other customer groups. The conclusion is that military officials and police officials are potentially good customers to banking system in terms of profit margin against risk. 2. From the credit scoring system of banking industry. That the customers are between 35 to 50s should be better than those age between 20 to 30s. However, this study demonstrates the other direction that customers with age below 35years old always better than those who over 35years old to the banking creditability actual performance. 3. The banking industry assume the married people will be a better group compared with non-married group on the money collect of the loan they made. However this study proves that creditability performance in sequence is (i) age below 35 and singer is the best. (ii) those married is the second while.(iii)age over 35 and non- married group is the worst one. 4. Most of people think those who have consumer credit loan from bank and would not want their family to be aware of their personal loan may have higher chance of payment over due. However, the statistics study from bank branch A indicates that this kind of customers (don’t want family member know about loan) are the best group on payment over due (only 5.5%). While those who agree to let family member aware are the second (7.5%), and others with no comment are the worst.
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CHAN, CHIUNG-MEI, and 詹瓊玫. "Consumer Credit Loan：Perspectives of Stakeholders." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mb2p37.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
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With the progress of the times, the financial environment has been changing. After the 1997 Asian financial turmoil, 2005 dual-card storm and the 2008 global financial tsunami after the impact of the central banks, Taiwan has resorted to cut interest rates policy, hoping to save the dying financial Market. This is forcing the financial institutions to narrow the spread in the operating difficulties. However, consumer credit loan business still occupies a very important position in the face of increasingly fierce competition in the financial markets.The banks in order to win customer support, are actively committed to the development of financial products innovation. In order to establish the core competitive advantage in the era of financial technology, how operators, consumers and sales staff and other stakeholders to develop new opportunities, is the new topic facing by the financial services industry. This study explores the different interests of policy makers and beneficiaries of consumer credit loans, including the promotion of units (bank managers), executive units (bankers), the general public users, and the potential users. In terms of financial products, banking services, economic value and functional value the potential use of the public, through the in-depth interviews to inquire about the nature, what could be done, what is done, and what will be done of implementation of consumer credit loans.