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Journal articles on the topic 'Consume credit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Brown, Christopher. "Consumer Credit and the Propensity to Consume: Evidence from 1930." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 19, no. 4 (July 1997): 617–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.1997.11490131.

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2

Ekpo, Mokutima, Eni Alobo, and Jacob Enyia. "Impediments to the Development of a Strong Consumer Credit System in Nigeria." World Journal of Social Science 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v5n1p36.

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Consumer credit is debt that is obtained by persons who intend to spend the money immediately. Assessingconsumer credit tells us imperative things about our economy. If consumers have the capacity to borrow effortlesslyand refund those debts on time, then the economy should be stimulated and we will have growth. Consumers are theinstrument and brainbox of the economy, when credit is unavailable, consumers will face foremost complications inborrowing. In this circumstance, consumers would consume less since they have less access to credit. For this reason,manufacturers will sell less, and produce less. The importance of a viable consumer credit system cannot be overemphasized. This paper hypothesizes that certain identified factors militate against the development of a strongconsumer credit system in Nigeria. It examines and analyses these challenges and exposes their negative roles in thedevelopment of a strong consumer credit system. It focuses on strategies that can improve consumer access to creditfacilities and concludes that there is need for a paradigmatic change. It therefore makes recommendations that canchallenge Nigerian policy makers to improve on, or evolve a stronger consumer credit system.

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3

Paolazzi, Luca. "Nella crisi, oltre la crisi." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001003.

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- The economic crisis has changed the priorities of Italian manufacturing companies. The collapse of both domestic and foreign demand, together with the creeping credit crunch, has put survival at the top of the agenda. Many Italian firms have been struck during a process of change and innovation of products, processes and organization. Transformation is important and must continue, but this process of change requires policies aimed at supporting consumption and investment, in the absence of which even healthy companies would fail to outlive the crisis. This article explains what kind of policies are needed and why. Keywords: depression, credit crunch, corporate governance, industrial policies, incentives to consume Parole chiave: depressione, restrizione del credito, corporate governance, politiche industriali, incentivi al consumo Jel Classification: L25

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4

Gross, Tal, Matthew J. Notowidigdo, and Jialan Wang. "The Marginal Propensity to Consume over the Business Cycle." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 351–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160287.

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We estimate how the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of liquidity varies over the business cycle. Ten years after a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the bankruptcy flag is removed from the filer’s credit report, generating an increase in credit score. In the year following flag removal, credit card limits increase by $778 and credit card balances increase by $290, implying an MPC of 0.37. Using cohorts of flag removals, we find that the MPC was 20 to 30 percent higher during the Great Recession, increased during the 2001 recession, and is positively correlated with the local unemployment rate. (JEL E21, E24, E32, G51)

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Agarwal, Sumit, Souphala Chomsisengphet, Stephan Meier, and Xin Zou. "In the mood to consume: Effect of sunshine on credit card spending." Journal of Banking & Finance 121 (December 2020): 105960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105960.

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Contreras Pinochet, Luis Hernan, Guilherme Tongnole Diogo, Evandro Luiz Lopes, Eliane Herrero, and Ricardo Luiz Pereira Bueno. "Propensity of contracting loans services from FinTech’s in Brazil." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 1190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-07-2018-0174.

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Purpose Given the large global investments made in FinTechs and the context of Brazilian credit (which has been suffering from the effects of the crisis in the last decade), the purpose of this paper is to study the propensity of consumption of credit services offered by FinTechs of loans. In order to discover the factors that influenced the propensity to apply for FinTech loans, a theoretical model was designed, which was tested by means of a survey given to individuals who might contract loans. Design/methodology/approach The final sample consisted of 507 individuals whose data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM), with estimation of partial least squares. Findings From the results of the research, it was possible to draw a profile of the FinTechs of Brazilian loans and also to estimate the antecedents of the propensity to utilize this type of service. Research limitations/implications The model proposed in this work was developed to measure the propensity to consume in relation to the credit services offered by lending FinTechs. Practical implications The consumer should intensify the use of these channels to shape financial products and services to their needs, thereby democratizing access to credit, which is often restricted in quantity and quality by policies of institutions that dominate the Brazilian lending market. Originality/value Aspects such as trust, personal innovation, perceived utility, ease of use and social influence, as well as the constructs that precede them like privacy, stigma and transactional distance, explain 41.5 percent of the propensity to use services from lending FinTechs in Brazil.

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7

Sparkes, Matthew. "Borrowed identities: Class(ification), inequality and the role of credit-debt in class making and struggle." Sociological Review 67, no. 6 (February 25, 2019): 1417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026119831563.

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Class analysis has re-emerged as a pertinent area of enquiry. This development is linked to a growing body of work dubbed cultural class analysis, that utilises Bourdieu’s class scheme to develop rich understandings of how culture and lifestyle interacts with economic and social relations in Britain, generating inequalities and hierarchies. Yet cultural class analyses do not properly account for the way individuals resist their relative class positions, nor the role of unsecured credit in facilitating consumption. This article contributes to this area by examining how unsecured credit and problem debt influences consumption and class position amongst individuals with modest incomes. Drawing on 21 interviews with individuals managing problem debt, this article details how class inequality emerges through affective states that include anxiety and feelings of deficit. It also shows how these experiences motivate participants to rely on unsecured credit to consume cultural goods and engage in activities in a struggle against their class position, with the intention of enhancing how they are perceived and classified by others. The findings indicate that cultural class analyses may have overlooked the symbolic importance of mundane consumption and goods in social differentiation. This article further details how these processes entangle individuals into complex liens of debt – which lead to over-indebtedness, default, dispossession and financial expropriation – illustrating how investigations of credit-debt can better inform understandings of class inequality, exploitation and struggle.

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8

Mian, Atif, Kamalesh Rao, and Amir Sufi. "Household Balance Sheets, Consumption, and the Economic Slump*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 4 (September 20, 2013): 1687–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt020.

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Abstract We investigate the consumption consequences of the 2006–9 housing collapse using the highly unequal geographic distribution of wealth losses across the United States. We estimate a large elasticity of consumption with respect to housing net worth of 0.6 to 0.8, which soundly rejects the hypothesis of full consumption risk-sharing. The average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of housing wealth is 5–7 cents with substantial heterogeneity across ZIP codes. ZIP codes with poorer and more levered households have a significantly higher MPC out of housing wealth. In line with the MPC result, ZIP codes experiencing larger wealth losses, particularly those with poorer and more levered households, experience a larger reduction in credit limits, refinancing likelihood, and credit scores. Our findings highlight the role of debt and the geographic distribution of wealth shocks in explaining the large and unequal decline in consumption from 2006 to 2009.

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9

Abdullayev, Shavkat. "CONSUMER CREDIT: THEORY AND PRACTICE." INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2020-3-5.

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The article discusses the theoretical foundations, current status and ways of improving consumer lending in Uzbekistan. It were studied the views of foreign and domestic scientists on the definition of consumer credit. There are analyzed the disadvantages of consumer credits and are proposed ways to improve them

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10

Molodyko, Kirill. "REGULATORY CHOICES OF RUSSIAN AN D UKRAINIAN LEGISLATORS IN CONSUMER CREDITS: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE." Russian Law Journal 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2018-6-4-100-125.

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Russia and Ukraine have recently adopted complex statutes on consumer credit. Ukraine, unlike Russia, declared the aim of the new act, inter alia, harmonization of the legislation with international and EU standards. Prior to enactment, both countries had a fragmentary regulation of few aspects of consumer credit in general consumer protection laws. I consider peculiarities of the elimination of the contract disproportion of debtor and creditor rights in contracts on consumer credit under new Russian and Ukrainian regulations from a comparative perspective. EU law does not regulate some important issues covered by Russian and Ukrainian legislations, e.g. priority of payments. On the contrary, some useful concepts, which are applicable to consumer loans under EU law, like “linked credits,” “open-end agreements” are absent in both Russian and Ukrainian laws. While comparing new Russian and Ukrainian consumer credit statutes, it is clear that in some aspects the Ukrainian one is pro-consumer, and in some other aspects the Russian one is more pro-consumer. Some provisions of both Russian and Ukrainian consumer credit statutes are very controversial and unclear; in some instances they could lead to debt slavery, so they must be corrected in the future.

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11

Jureviciene, Daiva, Kamile Taujanskaite, and Vytaute Sukacevskyte. "Indirect Factors Affecting Personal Solvency: Empirical Analysis Of Lithuanian Consumer Credit Market." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n1p157.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the interrelationship between solvencies of consumer credits customers and indirect factors such as borrowing motivation as well as demographical and socioeconomic factors characterizing the borrowers’ personality. The results of this research were obtained using statistical software SPSS. Systemic scientific literature analysis, correlation analysis of randomly selected records from consumer credit contracts, Student t-test criteria application for testing hypothesis, analysis of Levine's and Pearson’s correlation criteria are used in the article. In addition, previously carried out expert evaluation research results were compared with actual consumer credit contracts data. The novelty of this research is classification of factors influencing personal solvency into direct and indirect. The influence of indirect factors (demographic, socioeconomic and borrowing motives) has been investigated in risky consumer credit market of Lithuania. The results show that the most influencing indirect factor is the purpose of consumer credit.

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12

Kharabara, Violetta, and Roman Greshko. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CREDIT MECHANISM OF MEETING CONSUMER NEEDS OF THE POPULATION." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-1-11.

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Purpose. A significant role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the state, increasing the economic activity and purchasing power of the population is played by the credit mechanism of meeting the consumer needs of the population. However, the effects of crisis phenomena in the state economy have created high credit risks, which negatively affected the dynamics of consumer lending in Ukraine. Method. Thus, the purpose of this article is to study the financing of the real sector of the economy and increase its capital due to the effective functioning of the credit mechanism of meeting the consumer needs of the population. Research results. The theoretical approaches of scientists to the essence, elements and components of the credit mechanism of meeting the consumer needs of the population, external and internal factors influencing its efficiency, such as the ability of the borrower to return the credit, availability of credit, interest rate, as well as maturity and repayment terms are investigated in the paper. Also, the study analyzed legislative and regulatory acts on the development of credit relations and the banking system in Ukraine. The problems of organization of credit activity of banks, formation of effective credit policy, choice of effective methods, types of lending are considered. Particular attention is paid to the most common type of crediting of consumer needs with credit cards in the modern way. Value/originality. As a result, the paper proposes to consider the essence of the credit mechanism of meeting the consumer needs of the population as a set of forms and tools for influencing the system of credit relations between the subjects of lending to the consumer needs in order to provide the necessary volumes of consumer credit. In turn, as a result of using the method of comparative analysis, the list of consumer lending facilities is systematized in the work, the classification of credits for consumer needs of the population is improved, and the author’s vision of the main components of the credit mechanism of meeting the consumer needs of the population is characterized.

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13

Pazniokas, Rimgaudas, and Aldona Jočienė. "REGULATION PROBLEMS AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS IN THE LITHUANIAN EXPRESS CREDIT SECTOR." Ekonomika 92, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2013.0.2338.

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Abstract. Express credit institutions have started their activities only five years ago when the economic crisis came and increased the borrowing demand. Now, we have the consumer credit law and other legislative acts which aim to ensure this sector regulation. However, there still remain problems that have to be solved. The main of them are inconsistencies in consumers’ solvency evaluation in different companies, the lack of financial knowledge in society and its information, the aggressive lending and advertising policy. The increasing demand for this service shows its importance and proves the necessity to maintain it in the market while at the same time ensuring consumer protection.Key words: express credits, pay-day loans, consumer credit

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14

Mocanu, Livia. "Specific Features Of The Consumer Credit Contract Enforcement." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0079.

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Abstract Consumers' demands for purchasing goods and services, which are more and more complex and different, have been and are insured, in the absence of the necessary or sufficient amounts of money, by means of credits granted for consumption; the field in question is generically named “consumer credit. This financial-legal mechanism which is widely spread and useful contains the consumer credit contract as key element, which has some specific features for private law, both in terms of its constitution and enforcement. Given its relatively recent existence within the Romanian legal system, the present work aims to carry out an analysis of the main rules governing the enforcement of the consumer credit contract, in the context of the national and European legislation.

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15

Josipović, Tatjana. "Consumer Protection in EU Residential Mortgage Markets: Common EU Rules on Mortgage Credit in the Mortgage Credit Directive." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 16 (2014): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000002603.

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AbstractFor many years now, there has been an attempt in the European Union to create a common legal framework for mortgage credit contracts and cross-border activities in the mortgage financial sector. One of the greatest challenges has been the establishment of a corresponding level of consumer protection in EU residential mortgage markets. This issue has become particularly important at the time of financial crisis. Consumers are increasingly exposed to the risk of losing their homes because of failing to fulfil, in due time, their obligations arising from mortgage loans, and thus losing confidence in the EU financial sector. Therefore, the European Union has intensified its efforts to improve consumers’ ability to inform themselves of the potential risks when entering into mortgage loans and mortgaging their real property. On 4 February 2014 the EU adopted the new rules on mortgage credits in the Mortgage Credit Directive. The main objective of the Directive is to increase the protection of consumers in EU mortgage markets from the risks of defaults and foreclosures. A higher level of protection must be ensured by consumers’ increased information capacity related to mortgage credits, as well as by developing a responsible mortgage lending practice across the EU. The Mortgage Credit Directive is also aimed at contributing to the gradual establishment of a single internal market for mortgage credits. In this chapter, the author analyses previous and current attempts by the EU to establish a uniform market of mortgage loans, and assesses the possible impact of the Mortgage Credit Directive on the protection of consumers in the market of mortgage credits and on the development of cross-border activities in the mortgage financial sector. Special emphasis is placed on the possible impact of the new EU rules on mortgages on national protection measures aimed at consumer protection at the time of financial crisis. The transposition of the Mortgage Credit Directive will undoubtedly contribute to a higher level of consumer protection when consumers enter into home loan contracts. However, the question arises whether, because of different levels of harmonisation of some rules laid down in the Directive, its implementation will actually contribute to an increase in cross-border home loans. The possibility for Member States to opt for increased consumer protection in some aspects of credit agreements when implementing the Directive, or the existence of different options for the exercise of individual rights that they may use cannot bring about an integration of mortgage credit markets.

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Hellander, Ida. "The Deepening Crisis in U.S. Health Care: A Review of Data, Spring 2008." International Journal of Health Services 38, no. 4 (October 2008): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hs.38.4.b.

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This report presents information on the state of U.S. health care in early 2008. The numbers of uninsured and underinsured continue to rise, and the proportion of people covered by employer-sponsored private coverage decreases. For 29 percent of low- and middle-income households with credit card debt, medical bills are a contributor to their current balance. Health spending in the United States is on the increase, and projected spending in 2008 will consume 16.6 percent of gross domestic product. Health insurance premiums grew 78 percent between 2002 and 2007. Meanwhile, safety-net hospitals are facing deep deficits and service cuts across the country. Pharmaceutical and insurance companies spend millions lobbying Congress. Health industry CEOs continue to be richly rewarded, even as companies come under investigation or face fines for claims denials, manipulation of data, or violations of claims-handling regulations. Average monthly premiums for Medicare Part D increase while plans are reducing coverage for high-cost drugs. And research shows how private plans such as Medicare Advantage hurt Medicare. According to opinion polls, the majority of Americans and physicians support a single-payer health care system.

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17

Teddy, Steviani Dewi, Jimmy Priatman, and Nugroho Susilo. "KAJIAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP WATER CONSERVATION SESUAI STANDAR GREENSHIP NEW BUILDING VERSI 1.2 STUDI KASUS: GEDUNG P1 DAN P2 UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA SURABAYA." Dimensi Utama Teknik Sipil 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/duts.5.2.9-16.

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Isu green building dewasa ini menjadi sangat penting untuk diterapkan. Alasan utamanya adalah karena bangunan mengkonsumsi begitu banyak sumber daya alam, di tengah-tengah krisis energi dan air yang sedang melanda dunia. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penghematan air yang dapat dicapai oleh gedung P1 dan P2 dengan menerapkan konsep penggunaan fitur hemat air, rainwater harvesting, serta daur ulang grey water. Penghematan ini berkaitan dengan jumlah poin yang berpotensi diperoleh gedung P1 dan P2 untuk credit WAC 1 sampai dengan WAC 6 menurut Greenship New Building Versi 1.2. Untuk memprediksi penggunaan air di gedung P1 dan P2, dilaksanakan survei melalui kuesioner. Pengguna gedung P, W, dan T Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya dipilih secara acak sebagai responden. Dari hasil kajian, desain asli gedung P1 dan P2 berpotensi memperoleh 17 poin untuk kategori water conservation dari total 20 poin. Usulan-usulan diberikan untuk menyempurnakan desain gedung P1 dan P2 sehingga bisa mencapai perolehan 20 poin maksimum. Nowadays, green building issue has become very important. The main reason is that buildings consume much of natural resources, in the middle of world energy and water crisis which is happening around the world. The goal of this research is to find out how much water saving that P1 and P2 building can achieve by applying the concepts of water saving fixture usage, rainwater harvesting, and grey water recycling. This saving is related to how many points that bulding can potentially achieve for WAC 1 to WAC 6 credit according to Greenship for New Building version 1.2 standard. To predict water consumption at P1 and P2 buildings, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Occupants of P, W, and T buildings of Petra Christian University Surabaya were randomly chosen as respondents. As the result of this research, P1 and P2 building original design is potential to achieve 17 points out of total 20 points. Suggestions are proposed to perfect the design of P1 and P2 building in order to achieve maximum 20 points.

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18

Gao, Ge, and Jun Hu. "Optimal Tradable Credits Scheme and Congestion Pricing with the Efficiency Analysis to Congestion." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/801979.

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We allow for three traffic scenarios: the tradable credits scheme, congestion pricing, and no traffic measure. The utility functions of different modes (car, bus, and bicycle) are developed by considering the income’s impact on travelers’ behaviors. Their purpose is to analyze the demand distribution of different modes. A social optimization model is built aiming at maximizing the social welfare. The optimal tradable credits scheme (distribution of credits, credits charging, and the credit price), congestion pricing fees, bus frequency, and bus fare are obtained by solving the model. Mode choice behavior under the tradable credits scheme is also studied. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the model’s availability and explore the effects of the three schemes on traffic system’s performance. Results show congestion pricing would earn more social welfare than the other traffic measures. However, tradable credits scheme will give travelers more consumer surplus than congestion pricing. Travelers’ consumer surplus with congestion pricing is the minimum, which injures the travelers’ benefits. Tradable credits scheme is considered the best scenario by comparing the three scenarios’ efficiency.

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19

Ţîrlea, Mariana Rodica. "COORDINATES OF THE CREDIT INSTITUTION ACTIVITY." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v8i1.933.

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The Emergency Ordinance no. 99 of 6 December 2006, on credit institutions andcapital adequacy, presents the credit institution as "an entity whose business is to attractdeposits or other repayable funds from the public and to grant credits in its own account". The2006/48/EC Directive of the European Parliament and the European Council, presents thecredit institution as "an undertaking whose business is to receive deposits and other repayablefunds from the public and to grant credits for its own account" definition that seemsappropriate, justified by the fact that, in our opinion, the concept of undertaking is assigned tothose innovative and imaginative companies that produce goods. Since money is a commodityand economic agents that we call credit institutions produce money by reinventing themselvesevery day to keep up with technology, we consider that the idea of “undertaking” formulatedby the 2006/48/EC Directive of the European Parliament and of the European Council isappropriate and that these credit institutions be hereinafter referred to as undertakings andtherefore enterprises. We believe that the enterprise, in our case, the credit institutions, is amatter that produces, consumes and trades services in order to achieve positive economiceffects therefore saving and lending are their direct support. Moreover, credit is the source forfinancing growth and welfare, therefore the engine of the capitalist economy

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20

Roll, Stephen, and Stephanie Moulton. "CREDIT COUNSELING AND CONSUMER CREDIT TRAJECTORIES." Economic Inquiry 57, no. 4 (July 2, 2019): 1981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12802.

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21

Duggan, Anthony. "CONSUMER CREDIT REDUX." University of Toronto Law Journal 60, no. 2 (April 2010): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utlj.60.2.687.

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22

Slinger, Paula. "Consumer credit rules." BDJ In Practice 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41404-019-0074-8.

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23

Calem, Paul, Julapa Jagtiani, and William W. Lang. "Regulating consumer credit." Journal of Economics and Business 84 (March 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2016.02.008.

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Kokorev, Rostislav, Tatyana Plotnikova, Anna Solodukhina, Irina Surkova, and Sergey Trukhachev. "Information asymmetry on financial market and protection of credit services consumers’ rights in the Russian Federation." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2015, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201562.

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The article is based on the results of the monitoring of financial services consumers’ rights protection, held within the framework of the joint project «Financial Education and Financial Literacy»оf the Russian Мinistry of Finance and the World Bank. The results show the influence of information asymmetry on consumers’ and financial organizations’ behavior in the retail credit market (broken into such segments as consumer credits, mortgages, car credits, microfinance lending). The paper identifies the most serious violations of consumers’ rights provoked by the asymmetry and offers recommendations for diminishing the information asymmetry.

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Chen, Xian, Jakob Arnoldi, and Xin Chen. "Chinese culture, materialism and corporate supply of trade credit." China Finance Review International 10, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-11-2018-0147.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how cultural value in materialism affects corporate supply of trade credits. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 14,710 firm-year observations of Chinese listed firms from 1998 to 2012, the authors examine the influence of regional materialism on accounts receivable. Findings The authors find that listed firms within more materialistic tend to extend less trade credit to their customers, in particular in long-term categories of trade credit. Such negative effects can be significantly mitigated by state control, suggesting the effects are more pronounced in privately controlled listed firms. The negative effects of materialism still hold after controlling for other regional factors, such as trust, GDP per capita or institutional development. Research limitations/implications The authors show materialism as a cultural construct varies across Chinese regions, and it could have important impact on corporate supply of trade credits, besides the previous found effects on consumer use of credit. Originality/value This paper expands the literature about the influence of materialism on economic decision making from the individual level to the corporate level.

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Chaikovskyi, Yaroslav. "ANALYSIS OF CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING CONSUMER CREDITING IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 27(1) (2017): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.01.156.

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The article discusses different points of view and the essence of the economic category of «consumer credit». Analytical assessment of the current state and bank lending to individuals in Ukraine is carried out. Analysis of development of bank crediting of individuals has revealed that from 2005 to 2016 and for two months in 2017 consumer crediting in Ukraine has been developing unevenly. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of loans granted by banking institutions to residents, juridical and physical persons is carried out. The current state of bank crediting of individuals is characterized by a gradual decrease of volumes and a rapid reduction in the proportion in total bank lending. The main problems regarding the granting credits to individuals by banking institutions are revealed. High level of interest rates on loans to individuals, reduction of real incomes and risky credit policy of banks are the main obstacles of development of the bank consumer crediting. Recommendations for ensuring and increase of the efficiency of bank consumer crediting have been developed.

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정소민. "Consumer Credit and Controls on Unfairness of a Consumer Credit Transaction." HUFS Law Review 40, no. 1 (February 2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17257/hufslr.2016.40.1.95.

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28

Kuo, Kuo Cheng, Sue Ling Lai, Khunlaphat Chancham, and Ming Liu. "Energy Consumption, GDP, and Foreign Direct Investment in Germany." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1797.

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This research studies the causal relationship between energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Germany for a period of 1971-2010. The empirical results reveal that there is a unidirectional causality running from GDP to energy consumption and from GDP running to FDI in Germany. This is due to the highly rising trends of economic activities in the country which can lead to the expansion in energy consumption. As there is an increase in economic activities within the country, then the growth rate will be in the rising path. As a result, the foreign investors will see the promising future and then invest in the host country. The conservative energy policy is recommended to support the energy saving because it will have little or no adverse effect on GDP. The energy efficiency should be applied by encouraging the use of renewable energy sources in economic activities as an alternative to stimulate the economic growth of the country. Also, the public expenditure should be expanded to increase the country’s economy and attract foreign investors. In addition, the government should support for the service industry such as insurance, finance and banking, and tourism because this type of industry does not consume as much energy as the manufacturing industry does in the overall manufacturing processes. Besides, the government should provide tax credit for the manufacturers who can fulfill the energy efficiency for their operation.

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29

Logemann, Jan. "Americanization through Credit? Consumer Credit in Germany, 1860s–1960s." Business History Review 85, no. 3 (2011): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680511000791.

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This study of the American impact on German consumer credit reveals that the notion of post–World War II Americanization emerging through credit-induced consumption is more complicated than has been previously acknowledged. The postwar debate in Germany over consumer credit as an American import had antecedents in a longer, previously overlooked, history of consumer credit. Moreover, the concept of Americanization remains misleading from a comparative perspective: First, examples of indigenous German institutional consumer lending predate the postwar period. Second, differences in both the forms and quantitative weight of consumer lending defy the notion of convergence. Third, different social and political contexts prevented a wholesale adoption in Germany of an American model of credit financing, despite repeated transatlantic transfers.

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Wang, Huibo. "Credit Risk Management of Consumer Finance Based on Big Data." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8189255.

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In recent years, China’s consumer finance has developed rapidly, but the foundation is unstable, and the industry has serious problems of violent competition, excessive credit, and fraud. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the healthy development of consumer finance, especially the management of its credit risk. The application of big data credit investigation can provide early warning of potential risks and prevent the risk of excessive credit investigation. This paper starts with the definition of basic core concepts, such as traditional credit investigation, big data credit investigation, and consumer finance, analyzes the performance and causes of consumer finance credit risk, and combs in detail the relevant theories of the application of big data credit investigation in consumer finance credit risk management. The application of big data credit investigation has optimized the risk management process of consumer financial institutions, deepened the concept of Internet consumer finance, improved the risk management system, created a diversified credit information system, and strengthened the innovation of Internet consumer finance products and services. For example, credit scores provide the most intuitive quantification of consumer credit risk. For consumers with different levels of credit scores, different credit approval processes can be matched. For customers with high scores, the work process can be simplified without affecting the work results. It can reduce the workload of employees by 20% and increase the accuracy of customer credit risk prediction by 16%.

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MILLAR, CINDY, and ANNE MORAN. "Credit: the consumer perspective." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 14, no. 3 (September 1990): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.1990.tb00054.x.

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CHANG, YU-CHUN REGINA, and SHERMAN HANNA. "Consumer credit search behaviour." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 16, no. 3 (September 1992): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00513.x.

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Hand, D. J. "Modelling consumer credit risk." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2001): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/12.2.139.

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Morrison, Karen. "The Consumer Credit Act?" In Practice 20, no. 3 (March 1998): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.20.3.157.

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Pavlidis, N. G., D. K. Tasoulis, N. M. Adams, and D. J. Hand. "Adaptive consumer credit classification." Journal of the Operational Research Society 63, no. 12 (December 2012): 1645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.2012.15.

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Adewale, Aregbeshola R. "Financial Regulation, Credit Consumption And Economic Growth An Analysis Of The National Credit Act In South Africa." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i2.8406.

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Credit consumptions are as old as human creation. Evidence suggests that more than two third of the consumer population in the developed world lives on credit, and the volume of trade credits have grown steadily over the past decade. The increase in credit consumption has hurled an unprecedented level of economic growth. However, recent strains placed on the macroeconomic fundamentals by credit mismanagement have resulted in a series of policy interventions to ensure a guided process of credit consumption. While credit consumption regulation is not a new phenomenon, the recent spates of interventions are essential to ameliorate opportunistic behaviours (such as moral hazards and adverse selection) not only among major lenders, but also among the entire market participants. This article estimates the effects of changes in regulation as regards the rate of credit consumption and ultimately, economic growth in South Africa. Using quarterly dataset from various sources between 2007 and 2012 in regression analyses, it was found that an increase in credit consumption has precipitated an increase in economic growth. The study also uncovers that the regulatory interventions by the South African government play significant roles in reducing reckless (secured) lending, during the period under consideration at the expense of an increase in unsecured lending.

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Degeling, Simone, and Jessica Hudson. "Credit Advisers, Consumer Credit and Equitable Fiduciary Obligations." Federal Law Review 47, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x18816235.

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Consumers use financial intermediaries such as brokers and other credit advisers to navigate complex financial markets and to provide guidance on credit products. In 2017 ASIC reported that ‘[b]rokers … are responsible for arranging … half of all home loans in Australia’ (Australian Securities & Investments Commission, Report 516: Review of Mortgage Broker Remuneration (2017) 8 [18]). The National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) (‘Credit Regime’) regulates the conduct of such advisers including requiring disclosure of fees and some commissions. The Credit Regime also permits conflicts between the interest of the adviser and the client, provided that the adviser has in place ‘adequate arrangements to ensure … [that the client is] … not disadvantaged by any conflict of interest’ and that the conflict does not breach the adviser’s obligation to act ‘efficiently, honestly and fairly’. This article demonstrates that equitable fiduciary obligations also operate to regulate the conduct of the adviser in his or her dealings with the client. Such conflict and other conduct may breach any equitable fiduciary obligation thus exposing the adviser to equitable remedies. Equitable fiduciary obligations may thus be an as yet under-exploited avenue of protection for consumers and a concomitant zone of compliance risk for those subject to the Credit Regime.

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Aggarwal, Nikita. "THE NORMS OF ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING." Cambridge Law Journal 80, no. 1 (March 2021): 42–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197321000015.

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AbstractThis article examines the growth of algorithmic credit scoring and its implications for the regulation of consumer credit markets in the UK. It constructs a frame of analysis for the regulation of algorithmic credit scoring, bound by the core norms underpinning UK consumer credit and data protection regulation: allocative efficiency, distributional fairness and consumer privacy (as autonomy). Examining the normative trade-offs that arise within this frame, the article argues that existing data protection and consumer credit frameworks do not achieve an appropriate normative balance in the regulation of algorithmic credit scoring. In particular, the growing reliance on consumers’ personal data by lenders due to algorithmic credit scoring, coupled with the ineffectiveness of existing data protection remedies has created a data protection gap in consumer credit markets that presents a significant threat to consumer privacy and autonomy. The article makes recommendations for filling this gap through institutional and substantive regulatory reforms.

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Rona-Tas, Akos, and Alya Guseva. "Consumer Credit in Comparative Perspective." Annual Review of Sociology 44, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053653.

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We review the literature in sociology and related fields on the fast global growth of consumer credit and debt and the possible explanations for this expansion. We describe the ways people interact with the strongly segmented consumer credit system around the world—more specifically, the way they access credit and the way they are held accountable for their debt. We then report on research on two areas in which consumer credit is consequential: its effects on social relations and on physical and mental health. Throughout the article, we point out national variations and discuss explanations for these differences. We conclude with a brief discussion of the future tasks and challenges of comparative research on consumer credit.

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Bublienė, Danguolė. "The Future of Consumer Credit in Lithuania: Quo vadis, Consumer Credit?" Juridica International 22 (December 15, 2014): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2014.22.12.

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Jeon, Seungho, Minyoung Roh, Almas Heshmati, and Suduk Kim. "An Assessment of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards for Passenger Cars in South Korea." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 4533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174533.

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The shift in consumer preferences for large-sized cars has increased the energy intensity (EI) of passenger cars, while growth in battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales has decreased EI in recent years in South Korea. In order to lower passenger cars’ EI, the South Korean government has implemented the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards with a credit system, in which the sale of one energy-efficient car (for example, a BEV) can get multiple credits. This study analyzes CAFE standards in terms of both the EI improvement sensitivity scenarios and the degree of credits for BEVs and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) by using the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). In this study, passenger cars include small, medium, and large sedans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), BEVs, and FCEVs. The findings of this study are as follows: First, from the policy design perspective, a proper setting of the credit system for BEVs and FCEVs is a very important variable for automakers to achieve CAFE standards. Second, from the technology promotion perspective, active promotion of fuel efficiency improvements through CAFE standards are important since Better-EI and Best-EI scenarios are found to achieve CAFE standards even when a BEV or a FCEV receives a credit of one car sale in 2030.

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Gao, Lu, and Jian Xiao. "Big Data Credit Report in Credit Risk Management of Consumer Finance." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4811086.

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Traditional consumer finance is a modern financial service method that provides consumer loans to consumers of all classes. With the gradual improvement of China’s credit reporting system, big data credit reporting has effectively made up for the lack of traditional credit reporting and has been widely used in the consumer finance industry. In this context, the in-depth analysis of the specific application of big data credit reporting in the credit risk management of consumer finance and the strengthening of the research on the application of big data credit reporting in the credit risk management of consumer finance are urgently needed to be resolved in the economic and financial theoretical and practical circles’ problem. This article mainly studies the research on credit risk management of consumer finance by big data. The experimental results of this paper show that the model has a good forecasting ability, can distinguish between normal loan customers and default loan customers, and is suitable for practical personal credit risk control business. The prediction accuracy of the default model of the fusion model is 97.14%, and the default rate corresponding to the actual business is 2.86%. By combining the risk items such as the blacklist and gray list in the Internet finance industry, the bad debt rate and illegal usury can be well controlled to meet industry supervision.

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Панова and T. Panova. "Determination of Credit Border – Basis of Credit Risk Management of Consumer Credit." Economics of the Firm 4, no. 3 (September 17, 2015): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17595.

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The article discusses the problem of determining the boundaries of credit and credit risk management. Defining the boundaries of reasonable use of credit and compliance is of great importance for the economy as a whole. Only with an optimal level of credit investments of credit impact on the economy can be positive.

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Bertola, Giuseppe, Stefan Hochguertel, and Winfried Koeniger. "DEALER PRICING OF CONSUMER CREDIT*." International Economic Review 46, no. 4 (November 2005): 1103–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2005.00362.x.

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Antzoulatos, Angelos A. "Consumer credit and consumption forecasts." International Journal of Forecasting 12, no. 4 (December 1996): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2070(96)00687-5.

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46

Brito, Dagobert L., and Peter R. Hartley. "Consumer Rationality and Credit Cards." Journal of Political Economy 103, no. 2 (April 1995): 400–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261988.

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Phillips, Robert. "Optimizing prices for consumer credit." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 12, no. 4 (May 3, 2013): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/rpm.2013.9.

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48

Scott, Robert H. "The Economics of Consumer Credit." Journal of Economic Issues 42, no. 1 (March 2008): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2008.11507127.

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Canner, Glenn B., and Gregory E. Elliehausen. "Consumer Experiences with Credit Cards." Federal Reserve Bulletin 99, no. 5 (2013): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2013.99-5.

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GETTER, DARRYL E. "Consumer Credit Risk and Pricing." Journal of Consumer Affairs 40, no. 1 (February 24, 2006): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2006.00045.x.

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