To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Consumer goods and firms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consumer goods and firms'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Consumer goods and firms.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kitchen, Philip James. "The developing use of public relations in fast moving consumer goods firms." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320248.
Full text
2
NETO, NIVALDO DE BARROS E. SILVA. "GUARANTEEING THE STRATEGIC FIT OF TRADE MARKETING: FOCUSING FIRMS IN THE CONSUMER GOODS MARKET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13926@1.
Full textAbstract:
A competitividade no mercado de bens de consumo não duráveis vem
aumentando nos últimos anos. Empresas que atuam neste segmento enfrentam, a
cada dia, maiores dificuldades para diferenciar seus produtos frente a seus
concorrentes. O novo cenário competitivo fez com que as indústrias entendessem
a importância dos clientes que distribuem seus produtos ao consumidor final,
sejam eles varejistas ou atacadistas e distribuidores. A construção de uma boa
relação comercial com tais elementos da cadeia produtiva tornou-se um dos
principais diferenciais competitivos para as indústrias do mercado de bens de
consumo. Em especial, tornou-se importante as estratégias adotadas para atuação
dentro dos pontos de venda, local onde efetivamente são realizadas as compras
dos produtos. Para suprir de forma adequada estas novas necessidades
mercadológicas, as empresas também tiveram que modificar suas estruturas
organizacionais. Estas mudanças fizeram surgir uma nova área dentro das
organizações denominada: TRADE MARKETING. O Trade Marketing surge com
o objetivo de conseguir unificar as estratégias construídas pelas áreas de
marketing e sua efetiva implementação dentro do ponto de venda. As estratégias
construídas são implementadas pelas áreas de vendas, as quais muitas vezes não
estão de acordo com as mesmas. O Trade Marketing surge para tentar diminuir o
distanciamento entre a área de vendas e a área de marketing. A presente pesquisa
buscou identificar quais fatores colaboram e quais dificultam a adequação
estratégica da área de Trade Marketing dentro das organizações. Através da
utilização do ferramental de análise estratégica Genérico Integrativo de Macedo-
Soares (2001) o autor realiza uma pesquisa com executivos do setor de maneira a
encontrar os atributos que garantam a adequação da área de Trade Marketing à
estratégia de suas empresas.<br>Competition in the non-durable consumer goods market has been growing
apace in recent years, and companies that operate in this segment have been
finding it increasingly difficult to differentiate their products from those of their
competitors. The new competitive scenario has made industries realize the
importance of customers who distribute their products to the final consumer,
whether they be retailers (supermarkets, drugstores, convenience stores) or
wholesalers and distributors. Having a good commercial relationship with these
elements of the production chain now constitutes a major competitive differential
for industries in the mass consumer goods market. Operational strategies at points
of sale - where product purchases effectively occur - have become particularly
important. In order to fulfill these new market needs, firms have also been obliged
to modify their organizational structures. These changes have led to the
appearance of a new area in organizations, known as TRADE MARKETING.
Trade Marketing’s aim is to unify strategies developed by marketing areas and
effectively implement them at points of sale. These strategies are implemented by
sales areas and the latter do not always agree with strategies proposed by
marketing areas, as they are not aligned with customer expectations. Trade
Marketing’s function is to bring sales and marketing areas closer together. Despite
this new area’s growing strategic importance, there are few scientific studies
devoted to this theme. The present research sought to identify the factors that
facilitate or hinder the Trade Marketing area’s strategic fit. Using Macedo Soares’
(2001) Generic Integrative model for strategic analysis, the author performed a
survey of executives of the sector in order to discover a list of attributes that
assure the strategic fit of their companies’ Trade Marketing areas.
3
Poulis, Konstantinos. "'International' marketing in one country : standardization and adaptation strategies of fast-moving consumer goods firms in a tourism-oriented environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492071.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis applies a standardization/adaptation framework (SA) to explore the strategies of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) firms in the Greek market. This market is transformed into an 'international' one during the tourist season due to an influx of 15 millions of tourists from several, primarily European, countries. Extant research has not addressed how FMCG firms may respond to this market transformation; whether they standardize their offering across the 'native' and tourist population (and within the tourist population from different countries) or they adapt their offerings. Despite the growing importance of international tourism and despite tourism being a major driver of globalisation, there is no empirical evidence showcasing how a beer, an ice cream or a shampoo seller market their products to the plethora of nationalities visiting their country of operation. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to gain, for the first time, a deeper understanding on how FMCG firms -both MNE subsidiaries and local entities- serve the needs of mobile consumers of FMCGs in a tourism estimation. Greece is chosen as the field of study since in this country, the contextual idiosyncrasies of such polyethnic markets are clearly evident. The research adopts the interpretive paradigm, a realist orientation and case studies as the most fitting methodology for the research questions. Multiple sources of evidence were utilized, focusing primarily on personal interviews with key managers in 14 organizations. Findings suggest that the impact of tourism is two-fold and that there is a mixture of SA strategies implemented by firms. These strategies are driven by such factors as organizational features of each firm, internationalizing outlook of firms or perceived tourists' quest for experimentation/familiarity. The contingency approach is supported indicating that deployed strategies along the SA continuum rest upon oftenneglected idiosyncrasies ofthe market and upon firm-specific considerations. The contribution of the research to international business/marketing and tourism literatures is explicitly stressed and it is pinpointed that implications for FMCG firms and public authorities in such environments are worth-noting. The study concludes with highlighting the limitations of the study and the avenues that call for closer scrutiny and greater illumination as a result ofthe findings of this study
4
Sigmon, Matt. "Consumer Goods?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/44.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to extrapolate through research the conceptual underpinnings of a body of artwork created by Matt Sigmon. The thesis explains the work in relation to art historical references to readymade art and the dilemmas that arise when fine art is compared to consumer commodities.
5
Kohli, Gurdeep Singh. "Film or film brand? : investigating consumers' engagement with films as brands." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16312.
Full textAbstract:
This study offers an in-depth account of how, when and why consumers engage with films as brands, using 38 exploratory, semi-structured consumer interviews and 1030 consumer survey responses. Extant film branding literature is scarce, dominated by filmmakers' and marketers' perspectives of films as brands and is confined to exploring points of parity associations films have as brands, rather than ways films may differentiate themselves as brands. Taking on a consumer centric view, our findings show although filmmakers, production houses and marketers may jointly develop and market films with the vision of becoming brands, this doesn't necessarily guarantee consumers' engagement with such films as brands. Instead, consumers initially evaluate the coherency of a film's identity and subsequently go on to engage with films as brands, a process which is fully mediated by the emotional bonding a consumer may develop for a film and partially mediated by a film's popularity and sequels. Films' marketing/franchising efforts, iconic status and sense of timelessness moderate consumer-film brand engagement, resulting in positive word of mouth and purchase intention. Our sequential, consolidated and specified film brand engagement framework guides filmmakers and marketers on how to tactically engage consumers with their films as brands, in order to differentiate themselves within this risky and competitive market.
6
Chacko, Roger V. (Roger Verghis) 1967. "Consumer emancipation : technology effects on consumer packaged-goods marketing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67171.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-87).<br>The Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry has existed for decades with a high household penetration. Individual firms started out as small family owned businesses and then gradually became more "industrialized" via acquisitions. Historically, a low capital cost of entry, as well as high geographic dispersion encouraged fragmentation of competition. Overcapacity encouraged product proliferation; relatively low profitability produced little innovation, reducing the overall loyalty of consumers to CPG products today. Consumer habits changed quickly with the introduction of new offerings, further pressuring CPG manufacturers. A key CPG issue today is how to reduce cost base and overcapacity to enable investment in innovation, and branding. Cost reduction is expected from simplification (SKU's, products, lines etc), capacity consolidation, and a reduction in the fixed cost component of production. It is the belief that value creating innovation in the industry will enable the CPG industry to regain relevance and loyalty with the consumer while being more efficient (reducing costs), and enabling the investment necessary to sustain profitable growth. The annual organic growth in the CPG industry ranges between 2-6%. This thesis analyzes the effects of technology on marketing, as a value creating catalyst for profitable growth. The analysis starts with a review of the frameworks on strategy proposed by Hax, evolutions in consumer shopping behavior by Falk, as well as developments in technology based marketing by Coviello. The thesis further reviews practical technology applications currently in the CPG field. The consumer survey section in the thesis evaluates three technology device concepts (FAST LANE, PRODUCT GPS, and AUTO REORDER) that were developed using technology lead-users. The information presented and conclusions argued in this thesis suggest that the technology device concepts have a strong value creating effect in marketing and on the business; a benefit that is appropriated to the consumer, the retailer, and the CPG manufacturer. The final pillar in the survey is an interview with two major retailers in the Boston area that validate the potential and willingness to implement such mutually value creating programs.<br>by Roger V. Chacko.<br>S.M.
7
Tätting, Gandalf. "Prototypes of Consumer Goods in Transition Societies." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8753.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The aim of this study was to find a connection between changes in societies and changes in semantic prototypes by examining the prototypes of ‘fruit’ and ‘car’ among Slovenes that reached adulthood in Yugoslavia and Slovenes that that reached adulthood in the Republic of Slovenia and to compare those results with a control group of native English speakers. The results of the study suggests that in some aspects, the prototypes of ‘fruit’ and ‘car’ amongyounger Slovenes have moved closer to what they are in cultures that have a long history of capitalism and consumerism. The opinions about how good an example of a ‘fruit’ a banana is, is the best example of this. Younger Slovenes and the control group see it as a very good example, while older Slovenes rated it lower. The older Slovenes were also slightly more accepting of a very small car model being a good example of a ‘car’, than both younger Slovenes and the control group were.</p>
8
Kight, Jeffrey Wayne. "Forward buying of non-commodity consumer goods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40104.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2007.<br>"June 2007."<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 63).<br>This thesis examines the feasibility of commodity-like forward and futures markets in non-commodity consumer goods. Benefits of information gleaned from the sale of products for future delivery are examined, as well as the market for wine futures, which serves as an example of a non-commodity futures market. Analysis is conducted by controlled experiments in a system dynamics model that simulates the bullwhip effect.<br>by Jeffrey Wayne Kight.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
9
Mau, Jonathan, and Bryan P. McFadden. "Macroeconomic models of consumer demand for consumer packaged goods in Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77469.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-92).<br>CPGCo, a global manufacturer of consumer packaged goods, has had tremendous difficulty in producing accurate forecasts for its products in developing markets. The problem was especially apparent during the global economic crisis in 2008, which caused demand for its products to become highly volatile. Its troubles have been aggravated by its long forecasting horizon, as it has not been able to adjust quickly enough to rapid market shifts due to fluctuations in various macroeconomic indicators. As a result, CPGCo faces heavy stockouts and excess inventories. This thesis explores the suitability of using macroeconomic indicators to forecast consumer demand for three developing countries in Asia as well as three separate product segments. A total of 27 macroeconomic models are constructed using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis employing three separate dependent variables: the firm's monthly wholesale shipment volume, retail market share by volume, and retail sales. The world oil price and country-specific exchange rates, stock indexes, interest rates, consumer price indexes, and consumer confidence indicators are used as independent variables. With our models, we are capable of producing extremely accurate forecasts for a small sample set with errors at or below 7.2%. Our findings also indicate that the consumer price index has the most influence on consumer demand, appearing in 81% of our models; thus, we recommend that CPGCo tracks the consumer price index of each country to complement its current forecasting processes.<br>by Jonathan Mau and Bryan P. McFadden.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
10
Chen, Yan. "Information, consumer choice and firm strategy in an experience good market." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8732.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
11
Losito, Vincenzo. "Disintermediating the supply chain of consumer durable goods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10495.
Full text
12
Becker, Deborah Eugenia, and Roman Viktorovich Korchagin. "Rapid replenishment at a consumer product goods manufacturer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40109.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).<br>Increasing supply chain velocity has adverse consequences for consumer product goods manufacturers, but creates value and flexibility for retail stores. This thesis outlines a case study of a rapid replenishment pilot project between the food manufacturer General Mills, Inc. and their retail customer Giant Eagle. We outline constraints that General Mills had to impose upon their customer so it could remain profitable and retain its efficient operating strategy. We offer recommendations to General Mills on how to grow and sustain their rapid replenishment business.<br>by Deborah Eugenia Becker and Roman Viktorovich Korchagin.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
13
Линник, Юлія Миколаївна, Юлия Николаевна Линник, and Yuliia Mykolaivna Lynnyk. "Consumer promotion of ecologically dangerous goods and services." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8444.
Full text
14
Linnik, Yuliya. "Environmental and consumer safety of goods and services." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8345.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of safety is one of global human problems which directly concerns with survival of humanity. It has a system property and that is why it requires the examination from different sides of different sciences such as politics, economics, marketing, jurisdiction e.t.c. The scientific and technologic development on the one side satisfies people’s needs, increases social and economic safety of society, but on the other side brings forward danger to the man’s health and environment.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8345<br>ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSUMER SAFETY OF GOODS AND SERVICES
Yuliya Linnik
Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
The problem of safety is one of global human problems which directly concerns with survival of humanity. It has a system property and that is why it requires the examination from different sides of different sciences such as politics, economics, marketing, jurisdiction e.t.c. The scientific and technologic development on the one side satisfies people’s needs, increases social and economic safety of society, but on the other side brings forward danger to the man’s health and environment.
При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8345
15
Stagg, Christopher D. "New product screening in fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10720/.
Full textAbstract:
Theory suggests that the dimensions that are incorporated in the new product screening decision will differ according to the stage of the development process. The outcome of the application of different screening dimensions would be quicker, realistic and more reliable screening decisions. This research project builds on existing new product development and screening literature by investigating new product screening in international fast moving consumer goods companies. It further builds on the existing literature by measuring decision-making relating to projects in 'real time', as managers' responses refer to projects they are currently working on. The introduction of branded consumer products allows us to evolve scales used in new product research by further developing variables relating to branding, promotion and retailer power. The project uncovers multiple dimensions of new product screening and evaluation within this branded product sector. These dimensions are found to differ in their ability to discriminate between two groups of accepted and rejected projects at each of four stages of the new product development process. This investigation provides the intelligence with which managers can determine the likelihood of project acceptance and rejection at different stages of the development process. It highlights the need for managers to apply stage-specific dimensions in the new product screening decision and advocates the redefinition of new product screening from both an academic and managerial perspective. The screening decision should not be viewed as a single, early decision in a product development process, but as a series of stage specific decisions regarding future project potential.
16
Bauer, Tomáš. "Railroad Transport Opportunity in Case of Consumer Goods." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75915.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis covers topics related to railway transport of consumer goods. First, basic attributes of rail transport such as economic characteristics, history, development in time, infrastructure, and standards are presented. Second, major agents of rail transport and their functions are described. Third, international standards and rules applying to the railway transport are discussed, including the outcomes of EU initiatives as well as COTIF regulations. Fourth, a brief overview of consumer goods as an object of transport and further applications are presented. In the fifth part, a portfolio of quantitative instruments is described. Sixth, the final case study deals with application of the developed theoretical framework on a real business situation.
17
Krikke, Hans Ronald. "Recovery strategies and reverse network design /." Online version, 1998. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/29821.
Full text
18
Benz, Men-Andri. "Strategies in markets for experience and credence goods." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9580-9.
Full text
19
Blanco, Ana Paula. "Artificial intelligence and the consumer packaged goods supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117958.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Management of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-63).<br>This study explores how Goods (CPG) industry to what trends this industry supply chain in the next solutions in an attempt to of this technology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) will help the Consumer Packaged address the future challenges in its supply chain. It analyses is already exposed to, and the impacts of those trends in its five years. The work also explores examples of available Al match the demand generated by future trends with the supply The scope is limited to the CPG manufacturers with a bigger focus on planning and distribution rather than manufacturing, since these processes are present in any company with small variances. Other supply chain players such as material suppliers, retailers, distributors, third party logistics (3PL), etc. are covered at a high level since they are part of the network and influence the dynamic of the system.<br>by Ana Paula Blanco.<br>S.M. in Management of Technology
20
Egbringhoff, Andrea. "Entrepreneurship in China : Small Batch Production of Consumer Goods." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188821.
Full textAbstract:
The big country in the Far East appeared in the past as if only big corporates could do business there. This point of view changed immensely over the past 10 years. Nowadays, numerous co-working spaces, maker spaces, and incubators present a fertile ground for young ventures. The situation around the Chinese startup scene changed dramatically. With the current government’s Five-Year-Plan, it becomes obvious that the political change is in favor of those young individuals who bring jobs and new perspectives for the country. Obviously, the target is not to promote western startups to settle in China primarily but to give Chinese startups the inspiration through the foreign spirit. So the research question goes as follows: What aspects of a manufacturing project will influence the success of a foreign entrepreneur in China? The methodology for this study is widely based on literature review and semistructured interviews with entrepreneurs, consultancy agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. Whereas the focus lays on foreign startups whose goal is to set up manufacturing of a consumer product in China.
21
Olsson, Julia, and Julia Samaan. "Development of e-commerce within fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231065.
Full textAbstract:
Today, we can observe a shift in consumer behavior where more products are being consumed online. For food or so called fast moving consumer goods it has taken longer to start this transition than for other industries such as books and electronics but now it is on the rise and it has been an overall increase of 30 to 37 % in the last couple of years. A continuous increase in e-commerce will most likely lead to major changes in the real estate industry as the retail industry will not be in need of physical stores to the same way as they are used today. In line with these structural changes new business models will be created that strikes out old ones. The aim of this report is to account for the development of e-commerce within fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and to evaluate the business models of the main traditional retailers. By comparing how retailer’s business models meet the underlying theory of consumers purchasing behavior online, the purpose is to explain what retailers will be successful in the future. To fulfil the aim of the report an examination has been made of relevant theories such as the theory of planned behavior and its key factors essential to run a successful business model for online retailing within FMCG. Apart from the theory of planned behavior, the business model of IKEA that has been proven to be successful, is used as a reference model. The research is restricted to two of our four main retailers in Sweden for food which is ICA and Bergendahls (City Gross). To answer the research questions a qualitative method has been used in the thesis by performing two case studies on ICA respectively Bergendahls with the collection of primary data in form of interviews, which have been complemented with secondary data. By comparing the business models of ICA and Bergendahls with the theoretical models and the reference object IKEA the purpose is to determine if they will be successful online or not. The key to having a successful business model and online platform is to focus mainly on the wired lifestyle and the customers attitude towards it, which is the most important factor affecting the consumers’ intention towards buying food online. Freshness and novelty are the second and third most important factors affecting the consumers’ intention towards buying food online and therefore shall these factors be the retailers next focus area. In order to pin point what is important for their business and to be able to focus on the right factors for being successful and gaining market shares the retailers should have a separate model for e-commerce.<br>Idag kan vi observera ett förändrat konsumentbeteende där fler produkter konsumeras online. För mat som hör till så kallade snabbrörliga konsumtionsvaror har det tagit längre tid att påbörja denna övergång mot e-handel i jämförelse med andra industrier så som böcker och elektronik, men denna förändring är nu på god väg och det har skett en övergripande ökning med 30 - 37% under de senaste åren. En kontinuerlig ökning av e-handel kommer sannolikt att leda till stora förändringar inom fastighetsbranschen eftersom att detaljhandeln inte kommer att behöva ha fysiska butiker i samma utsträckning. I linje med dessa strukturella förändringar skapas nya affärsmodeller som slår ut gamla. Syftet med denna rapport är att redogöra för utvecklingen av e-handel inom snabbrörliga konsumentvaror (FMCG) och att utvärdera affärsmodellerna hos de största detaljhandlarna. Genom att jämföra hur detaljisternas affärsmodeller uppfyller den underliggande teorin om konsumenters köpbeteende online, är syftet att förklara vilka återförsäljare som kommer att lyckas i framtiden sett till den nämnda teorin. För att uppfylla syftet med rapporten har relevanta teorier granskats så som teorin om planerat beteende och dess centrala faktorer som är nödvändiga för att driva en framgångsrik affärsmodell inom online-detaljhandel för snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Förutom teorin om planerat beteende används affärsmodellen för referensobjektet IKEA som referensmodell på grund av IKEA:s framgång. Forskningen är begränsad till två av de fyra största återförsäljarna av mat i Sverige vilka är ICA och Bergendahls (City Gross). För att besvara forskningsfrågorna har en kvalitativ metod använts i avhandlingen genom att utföra två fallstudier på ICA respektive Bergendahls med insamling av primära data i form av intervjuer, vilka kompletterats med sekundära data. Genom att jämföra ICA:s och Bergendahls affärsmodeller med de teoretiska modellerna samt med referensobjektet IKEA är syftet att bestämma om återförsäljarnas affärsmodeller kommer att bli framgångsrika online eller ej. Slutsatsen som nåtts är att nyckeln till att ha en framgångsrik affärsmodell och online-plattform är att fokusera främst på den uppkopplade livsstilen och kundernas inställning till den, vilket är den viktigaste faktorn som påverkar konsumenternas intention till att köpa mat online. Färskhet och nymodighet är den andra och tredje viktigaste faktorn som påverkar konsumenternas intention till att köpa mat online och därför bör dessa faktorer vara detaljhandlarens nästa fokusområde. Detaljhandlarna bör ha en separat affärsmodell för e-handel för att kunna precisera det viktigaste för deras affärer, kunna fokusera på rätt faktorer för att nå framgång och ta marknadsandelar.
22
Holmberg, Olof, and Hampus Österlind. "Monitoring inventory pressure in a FastMoving Consumer Goods system." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264051.
Full textAbstract:
Issues relating to inventory capacity resulting from high fill rates (inventory pressure) have been identified as a major problem for growing Fast-Moving Consumer Goods firms. The implications of these capacity problems include increased costs of working capital and cost-inefficient rental of external storage space. The study is focused towards the food retail segment and aims to address the lack of a detailed SKU-level KPI for inventory pressure and a model for identifying its root causes. The research design is based on a review of literature and a live case study at the Swedish food retailer Axfood, including qualitative interviews in addition to the collection and analysis of inventory data. The inventory turnover ratio was determined to be an accurate KPI in this case, where lower ratio values tend to correspond with high inventory pressure, and vice versa. With the KPI established, a regression analysis was performed, in order to find critical determinants of the problem in the Axfood case. The regression analysis yielded a number of highly influential factors for inventory pressure, mainly low order frequencies, high variability of demand and prolonged supplier lead times, in addition to a number of less influential determinants. The study also included the identification of key drivers of inventory pressure within various Axfood product segments, where private label product stands out as a particular product segment of interest. A numerous of segments were identified as particularly problematic, however private label products where not found to influence the overall level of inventory pressure in any significant manner. While the study is in no way exhaustive about the highly complex nature of the researched problem, the establishment of a KPI and use of a regression model has provided a basis for discussion regarding the problem. In addition, the proposed framework is applicable for future similar studies on other FMCG cases, in addition to more detailed case studies into inventory capacity issues.<br>Lagerkapacitetsproblem som härrör från höga fyllningsgrader (lagertryck) har identifierats som ett avgörande problem för växande företag verksamma inom snabbrörliga konsumentvaror. Konsekvenserna av sådana kapacitetsfrågor är bland annat ökade kostnader för rörelsekapital och kostsam inhyrning av externt lagringsutrymme. Denna studien är inriktad mot livsmedelsbranschen och syftar till att adressera bristen på ett detaljerat mätetal för att följa upp lagertryck på artikelnivå, samt en modell för att identifiera dess underliggande orsaker. Forskningsmetodiken är baserad på en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie hos den svenska livsmedelsåterförsäljaren Axfood, som innefattar kvalitativa intervjuer samt insamling och analys av lagerdata. Lageromsättningshastigheten ansågs vara ett tillförlitligt mätetal i denna fallstudie, där lägre värden tenderar att motsvara högt lagertryck och vice versa. Med detta mätetal som grund utfördes en regressionsanalys för att finna kritiska förklaringsfaktorer till problemet i Axfood-fallstudien. Regressionsanalysen gav ett antal starkt inflytelserika faktorer för lagertryck, främst låg orderfrekvenser, hög varians av efterfrågan samt långa ledtider från leverantörer. Även ett antal mindre inflytelserika determinanter hittades. Studien innefattade också identifiering av kritiska faktorer för lagertryck inom olika produktsegment hos Axfood, där egna märkesvaror utmärker sig som ett segment av särskilt intresse. Ett flertal segment identifierades som särskilt problematiska, egna märkesvaror visade sig emellertid inte påverka det totala nivån av lagertryck på något avgörande sätt. Denna studie utger sig inte för att vara uttömmande om forskningsproblemets mycket komplexa natur. Upprättandet av ett mätetal samt tillämpandet av en regressionsmodell har dock legat till grund för en diskussion om problemet. Det i studien föreslagna ramverket är applicerbart för liknande studier på andra FMCG-fall i framtiden, samt mer detaljerade fallstudier av lagerkapacitetsproblem.
23
Walker, David. "Attitudes, involvement and consumer behaviour : a longitudinal study in fast moving consumer goods markets." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3381.
Full textAbstract:
An empirical study is reported which attempts to validate
two key theoretical consequences of consumer involvement:
differences in brand buying behaviour and differences in
the type of decision processing undertaken.
A literature review is provided which traces the history of
involvement and identifies a suitable contemporary
framework. Work on brand loyalty and attitude modelling is
also reviewed and suitable frameworks identified.
A pilot stage is reported which shows how involvement
measurement techniques can be adapted for use among
frequently purchased products. Results from reliability
testing and differences in the mean levels of involvement
for six grocery product categories are reported.
A main fieldwork phase is reported where a consumer panel
was operated for four months (n=191). Data on levels of
involvement, decision making and purchasing behaviour were
collected from the panel using surveys and diary sheets for
three product categories: newspapers, breakfast cereals and
paper kitchen towels.
The relationship between sources of involvement and buying
behaviour was analysed using LISREL. A model of
involvement is identified which suggests that brand
involvement is generated by the risks associated with
making a poor brand choice and the levels of pleasure
associated with the product field. For newspapers, the
modelling identifies a significant (but small) relationship
between involvement and devotion of purchasing to a limited
number of brands. This relationship was not significant in
the other two product fields. Further analysis identifies
four classifications of buying behaviour (habitual, loyal,
switchers, and variety seekers) which helps to explain why
the linear relationship is so weak.
A second analysis phase is reported which examines the
utility of the Extended Fishbein Model for each of the
three product categories. This analysis supports the
notion that decision processing is more extensive where the
level of product involvement is higher.
The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings
are discussed. Strengths and limitations of the research
design are reviewed.
24
Lee, Randall C. "Integration of analytical and consumer sensory data in cross-cultural studies for the prediction of consumer acceptance /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953875.
Full text
25
Kim, Young Chan. "Quality choice games in durable goods industries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185947.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is concerned with strategic decision processes in markets where products are both durable and differentiated in quality. Thus, a commodity is differentiated in a two dimensional space (a) its consumption time location, and (b) its quality characteristics. Consumers "self-select" a product among various differentiated products. There exists a one-to-one correspondence between a consumer group and a product with a certain quality in a certain period. A monopolist seller, a monopolist lessor, and a sequential entry duopoly seller market are studied in the framework of a two-period, two-quality model. When product diversification is feasible, the monopoly power of the seller is greatly increased. A seller adopts strategic quality introduction sequence so that the amount of competition from the second-hand market is endogenously selected by the seller. Hence, a seller is able to discriminate among consumers in both intertemporal and contemporaneous fashion. Equilibria are sensitive to the speed of technological advancement. If technology develops slowly, a seller adopts a strategic quality introduction sequence such that it introduces high quality first and low quality later, so that the creation of second-hand market is eliminated. When technology advancement is significant over time, a seller introduces low quality first and high quality later, so that a group of consumers will update the quality of the product they consume over time.
26
Kaygin, Sel Sultan. "Industrial Design And The Mass Customization Of Electronic Consumer Goods." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615705/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Mass customization is promoted in manufacturing industry as a way to satisfy individual customer requirements in a flexible, efficient and cost effective way. However, mass customization within the specific sector of &lsquo<br>electronic consumer goods&rsquo<br>is relatively underdeveloped, whilst the contributions of industrial designers to mass customization remain quite unclear. This research redresses both of these issues, elaborating on the possibilities of mass-customization in the electronic consumer goods sector, and explaining how industrial designers can take a central role in implementation. Chapter 2 contains a literature review on key terms related to mass customization. A portfolio of mass customization case studies, from both within and outside electronic consumer goods, are presented and analyzed in Chapter 3, which also reports on a new classification system to define six discrete customization types. User needs research methods, including IDEO methods, are reviewed in Chapter 4 to determine those methods most applicable for use in the pilot (Chapter 5) and main (Chapter 7) &lsquo<br>research through design&rsquo<br>customization projects. The pilot project, conducted with METU industrial design undergraduates, explored opportunities and barriers for mass customization of electronic consumer goods<br>the main project, carried out by the Vestel ID Team under the SAN-TEZ scheme, resulted in a new mass customized all-in-one (AIO) PC for Vestel Electronics. In Chapter 6, results of interviews with Vestel staff are presented, uncovering the current situation within Vestel Electronics for implementing mass customization. Chapter 8 contains the research conclusions, including discussion of a proposed design-based mass customization design and development procedure.
27
Makhutla, Esther Nthabiseng. "The impact of fast moving consumer goods on green consumerism." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1391.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Communication Science in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014.<br>Manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) have a social responsibility towards their consumer’s environment. Fast Moving Consumer Goods are consumed on a daily basis and their by-products are often discarded incorrectly, impacting negatively on the environment. However, many companies are beginning to take steps towards ensuring that their products are manufactured according to environmentally friendly conditions. The responsibility should not just be placed on labels, but consumers should be properly educated and guided on how to dispose of a product’s packaging such as bottles, cans and plastic bags. Producers, as well as retailers, of FMCG have an ethical responsibility towards their consumers. It has become fashionable and politically correct for FMCG companies all over the world to publicise themselves as “green companies.” However, the materials used in the packaging of these products are most often found thrown in streets and other open areas in the community. This research investigates the impact that FMCG have on the community’s green space and how companies and retailers can effectively communicate their green consumerism initiatives and demonstrate their CSR for both the environment and their consumers. This study revealed that 53.99% of the respondents do not recycle the unused packaging of goods. The primary reason was that recycling is inconvenient. The other conspicuous reason was lack of knowledge of recycling. Apart from that, they also mention that they do not have recycling bins in the community; they have not enough space in their yard and for the fact that they are not getting any incentives. This study focuses on how companies can assist in saving our planet by embracing the concept of green consumerism holistically. Further, the study exposes challenges faced by companies and social organisations with regard to green consumerism. It also tackles existing initiatives of entrenching green consumerism and the study goes on to offer suggestions and recommendations to effectively embrace green consumerism in a global society.
28
Menon, Ajay. "An Exploratory Examination of the Profitability Impact of Quality Dimensions for Consumer Goods and Industrial Capital Goods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332691/.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of dimensions of quality has received very little attention in the marketing literature. This dissertation studies the impact selected individual dimensions of quality has on firm performance. The study examined the relation between product, service and image based dimensions of quality and firm performance. The performance measure utilized in this study was a firm's return on investment (ROI). Sample for the study included Strategic Business Units (SBUs) involved in the manufacture of consumer goods and industrial capital goods. A theoretical framework that details performance effects of selected variables was developed. Drawing upon previous research in Marketing, Management, Economics, and Strategic Planning, propositions and hypotheses were developed. The data required to test the hypotheses was obtained from the PIMS data base of the Strategic Planning Institute. Several GLM procedures including ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Multiple Comparison tests, such as SNK, Tukey and Bonferroni, were employed to test the various operational hypothesis. The results show that product and image based dimensions of quality impact RoT differentially for consumer goods and industrial capital goods. The extent of the difference depends on the order of market entry and the product's stage in the product life cycle. On the other hand, service based dimensions of quality did not impact ROI differentially for pioneers and non-pioneers. Similar results was found across stages of the product life cycle.
29
Nordfält, Jens. "Is consumer decision-making out of control? : non-conscious influences on consumer decision-making for fast moving consumer goods." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Centrum för Konsumentmarknadsföring (CCM), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-520.
Full textAbstract:
Most literature on consumer decision-making concentrate on which attributes a certain brand evokes, how a brand is evaluated, or how well a brand can stand the competition of another brand. This is a bit funny since one of the most obvious aspects of decision-making for fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) is that most products are never considered. Recalling a typical trip to a grocery store one probably realizes that most of the products simply were given no conscious attention. Chances are that a consumer notices less than 1% (of the perhaps close to 10.000 items in a regular grocery store) enough to consider if the item is of any interest. Therefore, in the present thesis the focus is on the influences that enhance, inhibit, or affect the processing of brands, brand associations, ads, or decision criteria, prior to reaching the level of conscious decision-making. These influences are regarded as non-conscious filters, making consumer decision-making as simple and flexible as required by many situations. The filters allow consumers to notice what they search for or what they normally pay attention to, and to ignore complex, disturbing, or unfamiliar stimuli. The thesis consists of an introduction chapter and five articles. The introduction chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the common theme of the articles, namely non-conscious influences on decision-making. The articles cover non-conscious influences during each of the five steps commonly included in the consumer decision-making process. Examples of questions that are elaborated on are: Which criteria influence the degree to which people behave habitually versus respond to marketing stimuli? What is influencing the choice of decision strategy? For example, what influences people to be more loyal versus more deal prone? And what makes people learn something new from an ad instead of just rehearsing what they already new? One aim of the present thesis is to answer questions like the ones stated above. Furthermore, it is argued that these influences are active at a stage before what could be defined as full conscious control.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2005 S. 1-112: sammanfattning, s. 113-228, [5] s.: 5 uppsater
30
Nordfält, Jens. "Is consumer decision-making out of control ? : non-conscious influences on consumer decision-making for fast moving consumer goods /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2005. http://web.hhs.se/efi/summary/673.htm.
Full text
31
Cestre, Ghislaine. "Assessing consumer preferences in the context of new product diffusion." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70256.
Full textAbstract:
The possibility for different kinds of adopters, along Rogers' (1962) categorization, to display different preference patterns regarding a product's features, is investigated. The moderating role of diffusion-related variables, namely a product's newness and the extent of interpersonal communication, is assessed.<br>It is hypothesized that a respondent's evaluation of product descriptions can be influenced by the diffusion context which characterizes them. An attempt is made to show that such a context can be used to elicit different "best product" alternatives for different stages of the adoption curve and, prior to market introduction, can help predict time-dependent changes to be made to the product's features as adoption takes place.
32
Bronner, Kara. "Consumer perceptions of front-of-package traffic-light food labeling." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009bronnerk.pdf.
Full text
33
Tran, Juliet. "A study of consumer evaluations of brand extensions of nondurable goods." Thesis, Argosy University Online, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3674211.
Full textAbstract:
<p> The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between four different theoretical viewpoints – categorization, congruence, perception-of-fit, and product involvement – and their effects on consumer evaluations of brand extensions of nondurable goods and the underlying factors of how attitudes are transferred from the parent brands to its product extensions. </p><p> By using the single-step multiple mediator model by Preacher and Hayes (2008), the findings suggested, in general, that (1) a more positive effect of congruence, perception-of-fit, and product involvement between the parent brand and the product extension, the more the positive the attitude-toward-product-extension when there was an effect of the attitude-toward-parent-brand on the four intervening variables, (2) a more positive effect of categorization, congruence, and product involvement between the parent brand and the product extension, the more the positive the attitude-towardproduct- extension as a result of the direct effects of the four intervening variables on attitude-toward-product-extensions, (3) congruence and product involvement were mediators, and the results showed that the direct effect of attitude-toward-parent-brand on attitude-toward-product-extension was statistically significantly different from zero, (4) the result on the direct effect of attitude-toward-parent-brand on attitude-toward-productextension was not statistically significant at the 0.05 level, and (5) the result on the total effect of attitude-toward-parent-brand on attitude-toward-product-extension was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Managerial implications and recommendations were addressed and suggestions were made for future research. </p><p> </p>
34
Hausmaninger, Martin. "Development of Distribution Logistics for Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Poland." Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1268/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This work analyzes the current situation of distribution logistics in Poland and tries to anticipate future developments in this area. It demonstrates, how the current economic growth and EU membership of Poland since 2004 influences these developments. The focus is on availability of infrastructure, cost of operations, the European distribution structure and distribution channel structures. The research shows that conditions for distribution operations in Poland are on the one hand good, because operation costs are low and warehouse space is cheap and sufficient in supply. On the other hand, the slow development of the road infrastructure and other issues cause major problems. However, the growing Polish market, as well as the central location within Europe, shows that demand for distribution capacities in Poland exists. The work further shows the changes in the distribution channel. While the traditional outlets from independent retailers is slowly loosing importance, the group of modern outlets, consisting of hypermarkets, supermarkets and discount stores, is growing rapidly. Here the dominant companies are foreign investors. These changes in the retail market influence the distribution strategies of manufacturers. They for example try to avoid wholesalers by selling directly to retailers. Furthermore, outsourcing of distribution operations to 3PL providers is practiced more and more. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Logistik
35
Wong, Marcus Teck Ngee. "Implementation of innovative product service systems in the consumer goods industry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431530.
Full text
36
Akkas, Arzum 1978. "Strategies to reduce product waste in the consumer packaged goods industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103546.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2015.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-169).<br>The cost of waste for products such as soft drinks, shelf stable dry food, and dairy in the consumer packaged goods industry is massive, about $15 billion annually in the U.S.A. This thesis focuses on waste associated with product expiration since this type of waste involves both manufacturers and retailers as well as different functional areas such as production, warehousing, sales, procurement, and store operations. As a result, the industry has not made much progress in reducing this type of waste. We study three problems related to product expiration. Chapter 2 presents a descriptive study examining the root causes of product expiration and their impact on expiration. Using econometrics and our collaborator's data, we find that the amount of expiration can be reduced considerably via a case size reduction. We identify the next important opportunities in the areas of inventory aging in the manufacturer's supply chain and sales incentives, and thus the remainder of this thesis focuses on these two areas. Chapter 3 examines the manufacturer's sell-or-dispose decision for aged inventory. We develop an optimization model to find the minimum remaining shelf life below which the manufacturer does not sell the product since the cost of expiration is more than the sunk cost of production. We use machine learning to approximate optimum values which can be used as a low cost alternative method. If supply chain managers are held accountable for the cost of disposed items, they will have an incentive to better manage inventory. As a result, expiration will be reduced. Chapter 4 analyses sales-force compensation schemes from the perspective of product expiration caused by overselling. We develop a game theoretic model of the decision process of the manufacturer and the sales representative. We find a compensation scheme that aligns the interests of the manufacturer and the sales representative preventing overselling while achieving full profit potential for the manufacturer.<br>by Arzum Akkas.<br>Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
37
Caro, Felipe. "Dynamic retail assortment models with demand learning for seasonal consumer goods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33415.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves [104]-108).<br>The main research question we explore in this dissertation is: How should a retailer modify its product assortment over time in order to maximize overall profits for a given selling season? Historically, long development, procurement, and production lead times have constrained fashion retailers to make supply and assortment decisions well in advance of the selling season, when only limited and uncertain demand information is available. As a result, many retailers are seemingly cursed with simultaneously missing sales for want of popular products, while having to use markdowns in order to sell the many unpopular products still accumulating in their stores. Recently however, a few innovative firms, such as Spain-based Zara, Mango and Japan-based World Co. (referred to as "Fast Fashion" retailers), have gone substantially further, implementing product development processes and supply chain architectures allowing them to make most product design and assortment decisions during the selling season. Remarkably, their higher flexibility and responsiveness is partly achieved through an increased reliance on more costly local production relative to the supply networks of more traditional retailers.<br>(cont.) At the operational level, leveraging the ability to introduce and test new products once the season has started motivates a new and important decision problem, which seems crucial to the success of these fast-fashion companies: given the constantly evolving demand information available, which products should be included in the assortment at each point in time? The problem just described seems challenging, in part because it relates to the classical trade-off known as exploration versus exploitation, usually represented via the multiarmed bandit problem. In this thesis we analyze the dynamic assortment problem under different sets of assumptions, including: (i) without lost sales; (ii) with lost sales but observable demand; (iii) with lost sales and censored information; and (iv) with time varying demand rates. In each case we formulate an appropriate model and suggest a (near-optimal) policy that can be implemented in practice, together with associated suboptimality bounds. We also study the incorporation of substitution effects and the extension of the models to a generic family of demand distributions. The common solution approach involves the Lagrangian relaxation and the decomposition of weakly coupled dynamic programs.<br>(cont.) The dissertation makes three contributions: (1) it is the first attempt in providing mathematical optimization models with near-optimal solutions for the dynamic assortment problem faced by a fast-fashion retailer; (2) our analysis contributes to the literature on the multiarmed bandit problem, in particular for its finite-horizon version, we derive a general closed-form dynamic index policy that performs remarkably well; and (3) the solution approach contributes to the emerging literature on duality in dynamic programming.<br>by Felipe Caro.<br>Ph.D.
38
Ortiz, Duran Sebastian, and Richard Hawks. "Analysis of an international distribution hub for fast moving consumer goods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53540.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).<br>The focus of this research is creating a framework to accurately assess the benefits of hub capability in an international distribution network for fast moving consumer packaged goods. The traditional inventory centralization dilemma requires an evaluation of whether the reduction in holding costs outweighs the increases in transportation and handling costs. We developed a mixed integer programming model to determine the benefits of adding hub capability to Consumer Co.'s Northwest Latin American import supply chain. Consumer Co.'s NWLA division imports products from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico to eleven countries within Central and South America, each operating a distribution center. By adding hub capability in the Colon Free Trade Zone, our model determined that the lowest cost could be achieved using a "Hybrid" solution, where some channels flowed through the hub and others were shipped direct. This network design would result in a 4.4% reduction in annual relevant costs. A counter-intuitive revelation was the fact that transportation costs could actually decrease. Similar to airlines, carriers can sometimes offer lower rates for indirect shipments passing through a high volume transit point instead of shipping the product directly through a less traveled route. Hub capability in the Colon Free Trade Zone also provides Consumer Co. with the flexibility to tailor their supply chain to potential changes in the fluctuating Latin American environment. Increasing customer expectations can lead to scenarios with higher safety stocks, for which centralization can provide the highest benefits.<br>by Sebastian Ortiz Duran and Richard Hawks.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
39
Burger, S. (Stephan). "Managing the forecasting function within the fast moving consumer goods industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53494.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Forecasting the future has always been one of the man's strongest desires. The aim
to determine the future has resulted in scientifically based forecasting models of
human health, behaviour, economics, weather, etc. The main purpose of forecasting
is to reduce the range of uncertainty within which management decisions must be
made. Forecasts are only effective if they are utilized by those who have decisionmaking
authority. Forecasts need to be understood and appreciated by decision
makers so that they find their way into management of the firm.
Companies still predominantly rely on judgemental forecasting methods, most often
on an informal basis. There is a large literature base that point to the numerous biases
inherent in judgemental forecasting. Most companies know that their forecasts are
incorrect but don't know what to do about it and choose to ignore the issue, hoping
that the problem will solve itself.
The collaborative forecasting process attempts to use history as a baseline, but
supplement current knowledge about specific trends, events and other items. This
approach integrates the knowledge and information that exists internally and
externally into a single, more accurate forecast that supports the entire supply chain.
Demand forecasting is not just a matter of duplicating or predicting history into the
future. It is important that one person should lead and manage the process.
Accountability needs to be established.
An audit on the writer's own organization indicated that no formal forecasting process
was present. The company's forecasting process was very political, since values were
entered just to add up to the required targets. The real gap was never fully
understood. Little knowledge existed regarding statistical analysis and forecasting
within the marketing department who is accountable for the forecast. The forecasting
method was therefore a top-down approach and never really checked with a bottom up
approach.
It was decided to learn more about the new demand planning process prescribed by
the head office, and to start implementing the approach. The approach is a form of a collaborative approach which aims to involve all stakeholders when generating the
forecast, therefore applying a bottom up approach.
Statistical forecasting was applied to see how accurate the output was versus that of
the old way of forecasting. The statistical forecast approach performed better with
product groups where little changed from previous years existed, while the old way
performed better where new activities were planned or known by the marketing team.
This indicates that statistical forecasting is very important for creating the starting
point or baseline forecast, but requires qualitative input from all stakeholders.
Statistical forecasting is therefore not the solution to improved forecasting, but rather
part of the solution to create robust forecasts.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vooruitskatting van die toekoms was nog altyd een van die mens se grootste
begeertes. Die doel om die toekoms te bepaal het gelei tot wiskundige gebaseerde
modelle van die mens se gesondheid, gedrag, ekonomie, weer, ens. The hoofdoel van
vooruitskatting is om die reeks van risikos te verminder waarbinne bestuur besluite
moet neem. Vooruitskattings is slegs effektief as dit gebruik word deur hulle wat
besluitnemingsmag het. Vooruitskattings moet verstaan en gewaardeer word deur die
besluitnemers sodat dit die weg kan vind na die bestuur van die firma.
Maatskappye vertrou nog steeds hoofsaaklik op eie oordeel vooruitskatting metodes,
en meestal op 'n informele basis. Daar is 'n uitgebreide literatuurbasis wat daarop dui
dat heelwat sydigheid betrokke is by vooruitskattings wat gebaseer is op eie oordeel.
Baie organisasies weet dat hulle vooruitskattings verkeerd is, maar weet nie wat
daaromtrent te doen nie en kies om die probleem te ignoreer, met die hoop dat die
probleem vanself sal oplos.
Die geïntegreerde vooruitskattingsproses probeer om die verlede te gebruik as 'n
basis, maar voeg huidige kennis rakende spesifieke neigings, gebeurtenisse, en ander
items saam. Hierdie benadering integreer die kennis en informasie wat intern en
ekstern bestaan in 'n enkele, meer akkurate vooruitskatting wat die hele
verskaffingsketting ondersteun. Vraagvooruitskatting is nie alleen 'n duplisering of
vooruitskatting van die verlede in die toekoms in nie. Dit is belangrik dat een persoon
die proses moet lei en bestuur. Verantwoordelikhede moet vasgestel word.
'n Oudit op die skrywer se organisasie het getoon dat geen formele
vooruitskattingsprosesse bestaan het nie. Die maatskappy se vooruitskattingsproses
was hoogs gepolitiseerd, want getalle was vasgestel wat in lyn was met die nodige
teikens. Die ware gaping was nooit werklik begryp nie. Min kennis was aanwesig
rakende statistiese analises en vooruitskatting binne die bemarkingsdepartement wat
verantwoordelik is vir die vooruitskatting. Die vooruitskatting is dus eerder gedoen
op 'n globale vlak en nie noodwendig getoets deur die vooruitskatting op te bou uit
detail nie. Daar is besluit om meer te leer rakende die nuwe vraagbeplanningsproses, wat
voorgeskryf is deur hoofkantoor, en om die metode te begin implementeer. Die
metode is 'n vorm van 'n geïntegreerde model wat beoog om alle aandeelhouers te
betrek wanneer die vooruitskatting gedoen word, dus die vooruitskatting opbou met
detail.
Statistiese vooruitskatting was toegepas om te sien hoe akkuraat die uitset was teenoor
die ou manier van vooruitskatting. Die statistiese proses het beter gevaar waar die
produkgroepe min verandering van vorige jare ervaar het, terwyl die ou manier beter
gevaar het waar bemarking self die nuwe aktiwiteite beplan het of bewus was
daarvan. Dit bewys dat statistiese vooruitskatting baie belangrik is om die basis
vooruitskatting te skep, maar dit benodig kwalitatiewe insette van all aandeelhouers.
Statistiese vooruitskattings is dus nie die oplossing vir beter vooruitskattings nie, maar
deel van die oplossing om kragtige vooruitskattings te skep.
40
Large, Joanna Suzanne. "Criminality, consumption and the counterfeiting of fashion goods : a consumer perspective." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21118/.
Full textAbstract:
The past decade has seen heightened attention towards the potentially harmful consequences of intellectual property crime. In particular, there are concerns about the damage to industry and the global economy, alongside increasing recognition of links with organised crime and terrorism. As a result, a plethora of policy initiatives have sought to reduce the problem of counterfeiting and piracy, of which the underlying principle is consumer responsibility. However, this thesis argues that this approach is based on a number of assumptions. These are prominent when the specific example of fashion counterfeiting is examined. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to explore consumers' perceptions about fashion counterfeiting and how they relate to their fashion purchasing and assumptions underpinning anti-counterfeiting policy. The research seeks to contextualise fashion counterfeiting within the broader literature about consumption and fashion and add to criminological literature. This is achieved by taking an interdisciplinary consumer-based approach which involved the completion of 801 questionnaires and conducting 27 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus groups. The findings support recent existing research findings that consumers of counterfeit fashion goods cannot be distinguished by their demographic characteristics. Instead, consumers' preferences about fashion, as well as the situation, context and availability are major factors related to the propensity to purchase fashion counterfeits. Techniques of neutralisation and notably the denial of harm can be clearly identified in consumer justifications for purchasing counterfeits. This has clear consequences for consumer perceptions about whether counterfeiting is a 'real crime' and inevitably, responses to counterfeiting. In particular, the notion that consumers will change their behaviour through being educated about the 'dangers of buying fakes' is problematic, as is the suggestion that criminalising the consumption of counterfeits could be a solution. Therefore, these findings demonstrate fundamental concerns about current assumptions underpinning anti-counterfeiting policy.
41
Shu, Hui. "Disequilibrium Transition of the Consumer Goods Market in China, 1954-1991." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1161.
Full textAbstract:
This is an in-depth study of the structural change and transition of the Chinese consumer goods market from 1954 to 1991 using disequilibrium econometric methodology. The model for the Chinese consumer goods market is based on the Portes-Winter disequilibrium model for centrally planned economies (1980). The demand function is derived from the Houthakker-Taylor savings function. The supply function is composed of approximations to the government's long-term and short-term plans. The transaction quantity in the market is defined as the smaller of effective demand and supply. Using the traditional global fitting method, three models are evaluated: one model that assumes no structural change, and two models that assume structural change. The estimations show that the structures of the demand and supply functions of the Chinese consumer goods market have changed since the economic reform in 1980. An innovative non-parametric method of locally weighted optimization is applied to further test the variations in model parameters during the period between 1954 and 1991 without assuming explicit functional forms of demand and supply. The estimation results show that the Chinese consumer goods market fits the Portes-Winter model well in the earlier years. The results confirm that the structures of demand and supply functions have changed since the economic reform. In the late 1980's, the Chinese consumer goods market is shown to have shifted away from a pure centrally planned system. Other main conclusions of this study include, first, that chronic shortage does not exist in the Chinese consumer goods market from 1954 to 1991. Second, a rigid price level has not caused the market to be persistently in disequilibrium. Third, the classical disequilibrium model of consumer goods market in centrally planned economies does not fit the Chinese consumer goods market in the later years.
42
Owie, Ekpen Theophilus. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Nigerian Consumer Goods Manufacturing Sector." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6644.
Full textAbstract:
Supply chain practitioners in developing economies, like Nigeria, experience challenges in implementing sustainable supply chain management practices. Poor sustainability implementation engenders the negative effects of supply chain operations on people, the environment, and business continuity. The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experiences of supply chain practitioners in the consumer goods manufacturing industry in Nigeria about sustainable supply chain management based on the theoretical foundations of stakeholder and general systems theories. The focus of the research question was to examine the experiences of supply chain practitioners to understand the challenges in implementing sustainable supply chain management practices. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interview of 21 practitioners with a minimum 3 years of professional experience using the purposive sampling strategies of key knowledgeables and snowball to achieve saturation. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed guided by the Husserlian transcendental phenomenological approach for essences. The major finding was that the cost of implementing sustainability initiatives and poor government policies and regulations were the most significant barriers. Sustainability in the supply chain is still at its infancy in Nigeria, with room for improvement. The findings could contribute to positive social change as supply chain practitioners may better engage stakeholders and implement sustainability practices that minimize the negative effects of their supply chain operations on society and the environment.
43
Smith, Robert J. "The impact of modular design on product use and maintenance." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28227.
Full text
44
Jordan, Victoria Spooner Maghsoodloo Saeed. "The optimum upper screening limit and optimum mean fill level to maximize expected net profit in the canning problem for finite continuous distributions." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/JORDAN_VICTORIA_18.pdf.
Full text
45
Bhatia, Namita. "Return policies for customer purchases." Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=790246201&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
46
McMullin, James A. "Made in China policy analysis and prescriptions to improve China's consumer product safety regulatory regime." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FMcMullin.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Weiner, Robert ; Looney, Robert. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also available in print.
47
Brassel, Danielle. "Synergies and Post-Takeover Performance within the Consumer Goods Industry Empirical Evidence /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648963001/$FILE/01648963001.pdf.
Full text
48
Behrens, Stefan Henrik [Verfasser]. "Antecedents and outcomes of consumer perceptions toward hedonic goods / Stefan Henrik Behrens." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052964427/34.
Full text
49
Stauber, Zachary Jason. "Technology adoption in consumer goods manufacturing in Asian, low-cost sourcing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111274.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-53).<br>With increasing cost of labor, additional regulatory pressures, and changing consumer habits, consumer goods manufacturers in low-cost sourcing countries in Asia are increasingly looking at manufacturing technologies to help. These manufacturing technologies in the apparel industry range from electronic sewing machines that have been around for decades to the precision control robotics that are still in the development phase. We aim to demonstrate the benefit of technology adoption and catalog the barriers faced in implementation. To achieve this, the project first explores the extent of technology adoption within the Li & Fung supplier network through the use of the technical audit; a questionnaire which includes 5 technology related questions that are filled out on-site by a third party auditor. This analysis is then expanded through a vendor survey launched to hundreds of factories that asks additional questions around technology adoption. Finally, this analytical review of technology adoption is complemented by an in-depth design and implementation of a technology system, specifically an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system, at a bottling factory. This study further demonstrates the potential impact of technology in factories and the challenges to implementation. In demonstrating the benefit of specific technologies, we are able to show a statistically significant correlation of higher performance with two technologies from the technical audit. Through our IIoT project, we also simulate how an inventory buffer optimized with the data gathered by the IIoT can increase productivity by as much as 34%. Finally, we catalog financial, strategic, and organizational barriers that factories face.<br>by Zachary Jason Stauber.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.
50
do, Carmo Póvoa Maria. "Reducing Minimum Stock Cover Levels inFast-Moving Consumer Goods Industryusing Classification Schemes." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183106.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis was developed at the Demand and Supply Planning department (DSP) of NestléPortugal whose mission is to develop planning scenarios encompassing the whole supply,production and distribution cycle to support the most appropriate decisions at each operationallevel. Stock policies are among the most important parameters that DSP defines periodically.Such parameter includes minimum and maximum stock cover levels. The minimum stock coverlevels tell how many days the stock will last if demand goes as predicted. From that value themaximum stock cover levels is then calculated and stock policies are set. Currently stock coverpolicies are defined by Supply Planners with a home built tool called “Optimizer Tool” that showsoverestimation. This situation implies extra cost and inefficiencies that the company wants toaddress by the present thesis work.After study of the context and specificities of the situation the goals agreed were: 1) Complement“Optimizer Tool” operation with an innovative process to reduce the suggested minimum stockcover levels. 2) Develop a case study based on “Optimizer Tool” routine operation fordemonstration purposes.For reasons associated namely with confidentiality issues the approach used was mostlyempirical, in the sense that no analysis of fundamentals of the “Optimizer Tool” was undertaken.On that line of work, after considering that stock policies are indeed the result of the interactionbetween “Optimizer Tool” operation with human judgement on several inputs that can beadjusted, the research question to meet the objectives was: How to optimize the integration of“Optimizer Tool” operation with the inherent human judgement? This question was basedupon two hypothesis that were formulated, tested and validated.The literature review showed that classification schemes for the individual items (Stock KeepingUnits or SKU’s for Nestlé) could be used with the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)methodology in the search of a solution to the problem under study. Furthermore, it was clear thataddressing uncertainty factors related to inventory could be based on what was called the rollinghorizon framework (basically, learn as you go). These findings lead to the development of a toolor add-on putting together classification schemes and a learn as you go process.The validation of the hypothesis mentioned above was then performed. That included a sensitivityanalysis that made clear that the options made by Supply Planners when using the “OptimizerTool” in respect to two inputs, the so called Adjusted Demand Plan Accuracy (DPA) and AdjustedMaster Schedule Attainment (MSA), were critical to the quality of results in terms of stockpolicies. A specific set of classification schemes was then developed and combined with SAWmethodology in three different arrangements.The combination schemes were prepared to be applied to the final results of an “Optimizer Tool”run. That option was dictated by the existence of company targets for Adjusted DPA and AdjustedMSA (that in principle should be adopted). Additionally, such option keeps present operation ofthe system totally unchanged, just introducing a reference that allows a deeper analysis in respectto stock policies (as illustrated in the case study and subsequent discussion).The case study was successful and the possibility of taking sound decisions on keeping orreducing minimum stock cover levels was demonstrated. It should be noted that the tool or addonis not a substitute of human experience and knowledge. It is a support to a more informeddecision. Furthermore it opens new possibilities in respect to formalization, sharing, continuouslearning and adaptation to new conditions, in line with the rolling horizon framework ofaddressing uncertainty factors in respect to inventory.<br>Examensarbetet är utfört på ”Demand and Supply Planning department” (DSP) på Nestlé,Portugal. Avdelningen ansvarar för scenarioplanering för inköp, produktion och distribution somunderlag för beslutsfattande. Lagerstyrning är en av de viktigaste faktorerna som regelbundetdefinieras av DSP. Parametrar som ingår i lagerstyrningen är bland annat lägsta och högstalagernivån. Den lägsta nivån anger hur länge lagret räcker ifall efterfrågan utvecklas somförutspått. Utifrån de värdena kan man beräkna högsta lagernivån och därmed fastställalagerstyrningspolicy. I dag definieras policyn av inköpsavdelningen, som använder sig av ettegenutvecklat verktyg, ”Optimizer Tool”. Problemet är att verktyget överskattar den lagernivåsom krävs. Företaget vill komma till rätta med detta problem genom detta examensarbete.Efter en förstudie av nuläget sattes två mål upp: 1) Komplettera ”Optimizer Tool” med en nymetod för att reducera den lägsta lagernivån. 2) Utarbeta en fallstudie baserad på rutinerna ianvändningen av ”Optimizer Tool” för framtida demonstrations ändamål.Ingen analys av de grundläggande funktionerna i ”Optimizer Tool” kunde genomföras på grundav sekretesskäl. Istället användes empirisk data. Efter att på vissa punkter ha fastställt sambandetmellan verktygets resultat och människors bedömningsförmåga kunde forskningsfråganfastställas: Hur kan man optimera integrationen av resultaten från ”Optimizer Tool”processer med den mänskliga bedömningsförmågan? Denna fråga baserades på två hypotesersom utformades, testades och validerades.Litteraturstudien visade att klassifikationssystemen för de individuella produkterna (StockKeeping Units eller SKU:s) kunde användas tillsammans med Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)metoden för att lösa problemet i fråga. Det var också tydligt att osäkerheten i lagerstatus kundeåtgärdas med den så kallade ”rolling horizon framework” som i princip går ut på att läras sig efterhand som man gör. Dessa insikter ledde till utformningen av ett verktyg eller tillägg somkombinerade klassifikationssystem med en lära genom att göra process.Efteråt utfördes valideringen av den ovan nämnda hypotesen. Valideringen bestod delvis av enkänslighetsanalys som gjorde klart att det var två ingående värden som hade störst inverkan pålagerstyrningen när personalen använde ”Optimizer Tool”: Adjusted Demand Plan Accuracy(DPA) och Adjusted Master Schedule Attainment (MSA). Därefter konstruerades ett specifiktklassifikationssystem vilka kombinerades med hjälp av SAW metoden i tre olika varianter.De kombinerade systemens anpassades för att appliceras på det slutgiltiga resultatet aven ”Optimizer Tool” körning. Den möjligheten bestämdes av företagets mål för Adjusted DPAoch Adjusted MSA (som i princip skulle ha anpassats). Sådana möjligheter förändrar inte deaktuella processerna i systemet. Istället introducerar de en referens för djupare analyser avlagerstyrning (som framgick i fallstudien och den tillhörande diskussionen). Fallstudien varlyckad och möjligheten att göra avvägda beslut i frågan om den lägsta lagernivån presenterades.Det är värt att notera att verktyget eller tillägget inte ska ses som en ersättning för personalenserfarenhet och kunskap, utan ett extra stöd i beslutfattandet. Den öppnar även nya möjligheter förformalisering, delning, kontinuerligt lärande och flexibilitet i förhållande till ” rolling horizonframework” ansatsen till problemlösning av osäkra faktorer av lagerstatus.