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Journal articles on the topic 'Consumer goods – Prices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Baker, Andy, and Stefan Wojcik. "Does democratization lower consumer prices? Regime type, prices, and the consumer–producer tradeoff." International Political Science Review 40, no. 2 (2017): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512117731264.

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The booming literature on the consequences of democratization for material welfare has produced no findings on the relationship between regime type and relative consumer prices. The literature largely shows that democracies favor masses over elites, generating the expectation that democratization should lower consumer prices. Yet it also finds that democratization boosts economic growth, an outcome that is partially contingent on making consumer goods expensive relative to capital goods. We argue that democratization lowers relative consumer prices since politicians under democracy can more ef

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2

Damayanti, Failla Rhomtika, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, and Any Suryantini. "THE CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC RICE IN THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL AT SLEMAN REGENCY." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 2 (2013): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17204.

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The purpose of this study: 1) how does the organic rice consumer behavior at the houshehold level in Sleman Regency? 2) How do the characteristic of consumed organic rice? 3) ehat are the factors that influence the amount of organic rice consumption at the household level in SLeman Regency?The respondents were households that consume organic rice and live in Sleman Regency. In order to know organic rice consumer behavior, the variable that observed include. The decision makers, the main reason, place of purchase, intencity, amount, and the percentage of organic rice consumption. The characteri

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3

Udegbe, Scholastica Ebarefimia, and Azeez Adekunle Aliu. "Social Medial Promotional Activities Influence on Purchase Choice Decision and Price of Perishable Food Items during COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 4 (2021): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.4.981.

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This study aimed to research if promotional activities on social media influence purchase choice decisions, consumers impulse buying, the price for perishable food items, like vegetables, fruits, beef, fish, and others during the COVID-19 pandemics. Likewise, if there are differences between the original market price of goods before the COVID-19 pandemic and the promotional online prices during the pandemic, to investigate if the online price of delivering goods to consumer homes influence consumer quantity purchase decision, and if there is any relationship between consumer location and price

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Wijayanti, Winda. "MEREFLEKSIKAN KEADILAN BAGI KONSUMEN TERKAIT KEPATUTAN PROMOSI TRANSAKSI NON-TUNAI." Arena Hukum 13, no. 3 (2020): 434–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2020.01303.3.

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Although Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection has been enforced for 20 years, there are regulations to protect consumer, and submissions to the Constitutional Court 3 times, the material of Consumer Protection Law has never been canceled and changed. This normative juridical study aims to analyze whether or not the Consumer Protection Lawneeds to be amended to fulfill the legal necessities of the community. Merchant (bank) with the Central Bank of Indonesia policy compete to provide the best promotions so that customers are interested. The selection pay with electronic money causes the

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Wijayanti, Winda. "MEREFLEKSIKAN KEADILAN BAGI KONSUMEN TERKAIT KEPATUTAN PROMOSI TRANSAKSI NON-TUNAI." Arena Hukum 13, no. 3 (2020): 434–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2020.01303.3.

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Although Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection has been enforced for 20 years, there are regulations to protect consumer, and submissions to the Constitutional Court 3 times, the material of Consumer Protection Law has never been canceled and changed. This normative juridical study aims to analyze whether or not the Consumer Protection Lawneeds to be amended to fulfill the legal necessities of the community. Merchant (bank) with the Central Bank of Indonesia policy compete to provide the best promotions so that customers are interested. The selection pay with electronic money causes the

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6

Nunes, Paulo. "Pricing strategy in the context of durable goods monopoly with discrete demand." Ekonomski anali 60, no. 204 (2015): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1504061n.

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Considering a model of discrete demand with two consumers, this article shows that irrespective of the difference between the willingness to pay of consumers with high and low incomes, if interest rates are low, a durable goods monopolist has an advantage in discriminating prices over time. If the difference in willingness to pay is limited and interest rates high, the monopolist has an advantage in setting a price equal to the low-income consumer?s willingness to pay. Finally, in the case of great difference in willingness to pay and high interest rates, the monopolist has an advantage in set

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Wulandari, Sari, and Muhammad Dani Habra. "Analisis Perkembangan Indeks Harga Konsumen di Kota Medan." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 3, no. 2 (2020): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v3i2.1162.

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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is one of the important economic indicators that can provide information about the development of prices of goods and services (commodities) paid by consumers or the public especially the city community. This study aims to analyze the Development of the Consumer Price Index in Medan City. The benefits of this research are a description of the fluctuations in commodity prices for basic needs of the community at the level of consumers or retail traders. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The subject in this study is the Central Statistics Agency and

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Auer, Raphael, Ariel Burstein, and Sarah M. Lein. "Exchange Rates and Prices: Evidence from the 2015 Swiss Franc Appreciation." American Economic Review 111, no. 2 (2021): 652–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181415.

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We dissect the impact of a large and sudden exchange rate appreciation on Swiss border import prices, retail prices, and consumer expenditures on domestic and imported nondurable goods, following the removal of the EUR/CHF floor in January 2015. Cross-sectional variation in border price changes by currency of invoicing carries over to consumer prices and allocations, impacting retail prices of imports and competing domestic goods, as well as import expenditures. We provide measures of the sensitivity of retail import prices to border prices and the sensitivity of import shares to relative pric

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9

Shearmur, Jeremy. "Consumer Sovereignty, Prices and Preferences for Higher-order Goods." Political Studies 39, no. 4 (1991): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1991.tb01394.x.

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This paper considers two arguments for markets: prices, within them, allow us to coordinate our activities in situations of dispersed knowledge and ignorance, and markets foster consumer sovereignty. It suggests that these – telling – arguments stand in need of qualification, in the light of consumers' preferences for ‘higher-order’ goods, which may be difficult to exhibit through choices in the market-place. It suggests that such preferences are not easily handled by political means, either – and that we may here face an uneliminable imperfection in our social arrangements. It may be importan

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SHAHBAZ, MUHAMMAD, ABU N. M. WAHID, and ADNAN HAIDER. "EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY BETWEEN WHOLESALE PRICE AND CONSUMER PRICE INDICES: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN." Singapore Economic Review 55, no. 03 (2010): 537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590810003882.

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In a small open economy, the retail sector adds value with a lag to existing production and uses existing domestic production as an input. Therefore, demand side dynamics depend on the wholesale prices of the domestic goods, the prices of the imported goods, the nominal exchange rate, the level of indirect taxes, the marginal cost of retail production and interest rates. Hence, this mechanism provides a theoretical basis for causality from wholesale prices to consumer prices. Being motivated by this causal transmission mechanism, this paper tries to examine the causal relationship between whol

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Ratchford, Brian T., Xing Pan, and Venkatesh Shankar. "On the Efficiency of Internet Markets for Consumer Goods." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 22, no. 1 (2003): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.22.1.4.17620.

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The authors examine the consumer welfare implications of changes in the structure of e-commerce markets employing comprehensive data collected from BizRate.com in November 2000 and November 2001. They find that price dispersion decreased substantially between these two periods and that measured differences in e-tailer services bear little relation to e-tailer prices.

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Bai, Liang, and Sebastian Stumpner. "Estimating US Consumer Gains from Chinese Imports." American Economic Review: Insights 1, no. 2 (2019): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180358.

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We estimate the size of US consumer gains from Chinese imports during 2004–2015. Using barcode-level price and expenditure data, we construct inflation rates under CES preferences, and use Chinese exports to Europe as an instrument. We find significant negative effects of Chinese imports on US prices. This effect is driven by both changes in the prices of existing goods and the entry of new goods, and it is similar across consumer groups by income or region. A simple benchmarking exercise suggests that Chinese imports led to a 0.19 percentage point annual reduction in the price index for consu

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13

Mu, Yunzhi, Zhiqing Meng, Rui Shen, Gengui Zhou, Leiyan Xu, and Minchao Zheng. "Optimal Ordering Strategy for Goods at Multiple Retail Prices under Simultaneous Sales." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (July 18, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9627469.

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To stimulate purchases from consumers, retailers nowadays use the multiple retail prices strategy (MRPS), i.e., selling the products at multiple prices simultaneously. The paper extends the current newsboy model and proposes an optimal ordering model for MRPS corresponding to uncertain consumer demands. The Lagrangian multiplier method is applied to solve the problem, and an algorithm for finding the approximate optimal total order quantity is designed. Numerical results show that MRPS is better than the single retail price strategy (SRPS). It further reveals that when there is an order quanti

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Ansa-Asare, K. "Legislative History of the Legal Regime of Price Control in Ghana." Journal of African Law 29, no. 2 (1985): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006628.

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The most common consumer complaint in Ghana now is that prices of consumer goods are too dear. It is common knowledge that prices of basic goods change almost every month. Life in Ghana shows that price control has been one of the difficult problems that successive governments have faced since the termination of colonial rule.The primary intention of this article is to present a descriptive account of price control legislation in Ghana, in the hope that it will interest as well as be informative to the reader.

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Zavadsky, Jan, and Vladimir Hiadlovsky. "Economic problems of dual quality of everyday consumer goods." Economic Annals-ХХI 185, no. 9-10 (2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v185-07.

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The dual quality of everyday consumer goods has been proven in the EU, although a geographical pattern dividing the EU into eastern and western parts has not been confirmed. This practice of some manufacturers is mainly mentioned from legislative and ethical points of view, yet its economic impact is also not negligible. It often happens that a consumer buys goods in his country in the same or very similar packaging as consumers abroad, however with a different composition (made with lower quality cheaper raw materials, containing a smaller proportion of basic raw materials or with a lower con

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Tsurikov, Vladimir I. "To the Question of Giffen's Parafox." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2020-1(88)-7-21.

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The article is devoted to the construction and analysis of the simplest mathematical model illustrating the Giffen’s effect and the reasons and conditions for its manifestation. We analyse erroneous, but widely spread, ideas about Giffen’s goods as a good, the demand for which grows due to its relative cheapening against the rising prices for all consumed goods. Under the model it is shown that any good can be both valuable and of little value, at least if it has a more expensive substitute. This property is not an intrinsic and inalienable property of one or another good. The certain property

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17

Estelami, Hooman, Peter De Maeyer, and Nicholas Estelami. "Determinants of extended warranty prices for consumer durables." Journal of Product & Brand Management 25, no. 7 (2016): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-09-2015-0971.

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Purpose Research in marketing has extensively examined the signaling effects of product warranties on consumer perceptions. Although this stream of research has focused on initial product warranties offered by the manufacturer, studies of extended warranties, which protect consumers against product breakdowns beyond the warranty constraints of the manufacturer, are relatively scarce. This paper aims to empirically establish the effects of variables which influence the pricing of extended warranties for consumer durables. Design/methodology/approach Using data on over 8,000 product offers in si

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18

Fraccaro, Annalisa, and Sandrine Macé. "Never too rich to care about prices: Effects of price endings on customer perceptions of luxury." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 35, no. 3 (2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570720908036.

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In this article, we build on the existing literature on price endings in the fast-moving consumer goods and luxury pricing to highlight the potential paradox of adopting odd pricing (i.e. setting prices just below the round number) for luxury goods, which should mostly use even pricing (i.e. round numbers). In a first experiment concerning luxury handbags, we test the impact of three types of price endings (–90, –00, and “other”) on luxury image and its sub-facets. We propose four mediators of the relationship between price endings and overall luxury image, that is, quality, prestige, uniquene

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Inglesi-Lotz, Roula, and Rangan Gupta. "THE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSE PRICES AND INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN ARDL APPROACH." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 2 (2013): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2013.807400.

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This paper investigates whether house prices provide a suitable hedge against inflation in South Africa by analysing the long-run relationship between house prices and the prices of non-housing goods and services. Quarterly data series are collected for the luxury, large middle-segment, medium middle-segment, small middle-segment and the entire middle segment of house prices, as well as, the consumer price index excluding housing costs for the period 1970:Q1–2011:Q1. Based on autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models, the empirical results indicate long-run cointegration between the house p

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Alessandria, George, and Joseph P. Kaboski. "Pricing-to-Market and the Failure of Absolute PPP." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, no. 1 (2011): 91–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.3.1.91.

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We show that deviations from the law of one price in tradable goods are an important source of violations of absolute purchasing power parity. Using highly disaggregated export data, we document systematic international price discrimination: at the US dock, low-income countries pay lower prices. This pricing-to-market is about twice as important as local nontraded inputs for differences in tradable prices. We propose a model of consumer search and pricing-to-market in which consumers in low-income countries have a comparative advantage in nontraded, nonmarket search activities. Evidence from c

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Muhammad Mohsin, Hasan, and Scott Gilbert. "The Relative City Price Convergence in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from Spatial GLS." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (2010): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.439-448.

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It is evident from general experience that price of same good may differ considerably among countries, regions, cities in same country and even adjacent shopping malls and outlets. It is also common knowledge that stronger competitive forces and information about market price tend to ensure convergence of prices. In the presence of these forces price differentials cannot be persistent and are hence short lived. The recent literature on price convergence has focused on country studies using regional commodity prices and Consumer Price Index (CPI) data.1 The analysis of relative prices or real e

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Hsieh, Chang-Tai, and Peter J. Klenow. "Relative Prices and Relative Prosperity." American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (2007): 562–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.3.562.

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The positive correlation between real investment rates and real income levels across countries is driven largely by differences in the price of investment relative to output. The high relative price of investment in poor countries is due to the low price of consumption goods in those countries. Investment prices are no higher in poor countries. Thus, the low real investment rates in poor countries are not driven by high tax or tariff rates on investment. Poor countries, instead, appear to be plagued by low efficiency in producing investment goods and in producing consumer goods to trade for th

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Chaitanya Singla, Pradeepta Kumar Sarangi, Sunny Singh, and Ashok Kumar Sahoo. "Modeling Consumer Price Index: An Empirical Analysis Using Expert Modeler." Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 10, no. 1 (2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2019.101004.

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Consumer price index (CPI) a popular economic indicator for India that represents the prices paid by customers for goods and services consumedby them.CPI is often used as an economic indicator that reflects the change in prices of goods and services over a period of time. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a forecasting model for India’s CPI for the period of May to December 2018. The data used in this work is the all-India CPI data for the period January 2013 - April 2018. SPSS Expert Modeler method has been used to fit the models and analyzing the data.

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Noor, Halida Sofiah, and Cucu Komala. "Analisis Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK) Menurut Kelompok Pengeluaran Nasional Tahun 2018." Jurnal Perspektif 3, no. 2 (2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jp.v3i2.48.

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The Consumer Price Index is an important indicator of the financial market. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an index number that describes changes in prices of goods and services consumed by the public in general for a certain period with a predetermined time period. National expenditure according to CPI is divided into four sub-groups, namely the first general sub-group, the second sub-group of foodstuffs the third sub-group of processed foods, beverages, cigarettes and tobacco and fourth sub-group housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel development CPI 2018, every month from January to D

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Juni Tambuati Subing, Hesty, R. Wedi Rusmawan Kusumah, and Gusni. "An empirical analysis of internal and external factors of stock pricing: evidence from Indonesia." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (2017): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.02.

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Stock prices change from time to time along with the latest conditions and information derived by investors dealing with the outlook for the company. Changes in stock prices are probably triggered by various factors, both internal and external, coming the company. Internal factors used in this study are price earnings ratio, return on assets, systematic risk, while external factors used are inflation, interest rates, and oil prices. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting stock pricing in the consumer goods industry, and determine which factors are most influential on stock

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Isakov, Alex, Rodion Latypov, Andrey Repin, Egor Postolit, Alexey Evseev, and Elena Sinelnikova-Muryleva. "Hard Numbers: Open Consumer Price Database." Russian Journal of Money and Finance 80, no. 1 (2021): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31477/rjmf.202101.104.

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We document a new source of consumer price microdata. The new database allows researchers studying consumer price behaviour to access current and granular raw statistical observations. The range of observed prices fully covers goods and services of the Rosstat’s CPI sample and extends beyond it. In this paper, we pursue two objectives. First, we describe the data collection mechanism, data structure, and their access protocols, as well provide four complete illustrations of their application using open API: i) training machine models of product classification based on text labels, ii) real-tim

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Wulandari Suarka, Septia, and Ni Luh Putu Wiagustini. "PENGARUH INFLASI, PROFITABILITAS, STRUKTUR MODAL, DAN EARNING PER SHARE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER GOODS." E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana 8, no. 6 (2019): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2019.v08.i06.p23.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the significance of the influence of inflation, ROE, DER, and EPS on stock prices. This research was conducted at Concern Goods Companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2017 period. The number of samples of this study were 31 companies. Data collection is done by the method of non-participant observation. Based on the results of the analysis found that inflation, ROE. DER, and EPS simultaneously have a significant effect on stock prices. Partially Inflation and DER have no significant effect on stock prices, this indic

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Nikmatul, Khoiriyah, Anindita Ratya, Hanani Nuhfil, Muhaimin Abdul Wahib, and Muhaimin Abdul Wahib. "THE ANALYSIS DEMAND FOR ANIMAL SOURCE FOOD IN INDONESIA: USING QUADRATIC ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM." Business: Theory and Practice 21, no. 1 (2020): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.10563.

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Indonesia has been experiencing rising animal source food prices during the last five years (decade). In this paper we explore how changes of animal source food prices impact on their demand Indonesia 2016 as expressed in income and price elasticities. Take into account for changes in consumption patterns, as expressed in substitution and complement effects among food items, by including own and cross price elasticities obtained through the parameter estimation of a demand system using QUAIDS. With respect to the total animal food expenditure, chicken meat, beef, fish and milk are luxury goods

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ARGYLE, BRONSON, TAYLOR NADAULD, CHRISTOPHER PALMER, and RYAN PRATT. "The Capitalization of Consumer Financing into Durable Goods Prices." Journal of Finance 76, no. 1 (2020): 169–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12977.

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Prada, Sergio I., Julio C. Alonso, and Julián Fernández. "Exchange rate pass-through into consumer healthcare prices in Colombia." Cuadernos de Economía 38, no. 77 (2019): 523–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v38n77.66189.

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The exchange rate pass-through into the consumer price index on healthcare goods and services was measured by estimating a FAVAR model for Colombia. Results provide evidence of an incomplete and heterogeneous effect. There is no indication of transmission to the services or insurance indexes, but there is a significant effect on the medicines and devices indexes that have implications for out-of-pocket expenditure. Therefore, this indicates that the Colombian healthcare system effectively protects consumers from exchange rate volatility, but may need to design policies to protect consumers fro

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Iqbal, Nuzhat. "Economic Analysis of the Effects of Rice Price Distortions in Pakistan: 1975-90." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (1993): 859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.859-872.

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Price distortions induce inefficient utilisation of resources by giving incorrect signals to producers and consumers. Since distorted prices do not reflect the real value of resources, quantities of goods and services produced may not be consistent with their demand. The price Distortions may be caused by a number of different reasons. They may, for instance, be caused by monopolistic tendencies, preferential treatment of a particular sector of economy, establishment of diffusion of a particular product or an input, etc. In fact, price distortions occur sometimes from deliberate and sometime i

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Utami, Christina Whidya, and Steven Willyanto Harjono. "Consumer Preferences for Attributes of Interest of Honey Products." Asian Business Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v2i3.212.

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In selling products is the main thing to note, because of the appeal of consumer products will be a consideration in buying consumer goods. The appeal may be packaging, taste, price, volume or other product attributes. To cultivate the right product attributes required preferences of consumers. The purpose of this research is to know the attributes and combinations of product attributes Borneo Hive the most preferred by consumers. This research uses a quantitative approach with an analysis conjoint use SPSS program 20.0. The sample used in this study is 50 consumers ever buy Borneo Hive and pr

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Kluge, Philipp Nikolaus, and Martin Fassnacht. "Selling luxury goods online: effects of online accessibility and price display." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 10/11 (2015): 1065–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2014-0097.

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Purpose – Luxury goods manufacturers have long been hesitant to adopt the internet as a channel of distribution. A luxury brand’s concept of exclusiveness is seemingly incompatible with the ubiquitous accessibility provided by the mass medium internet. The purpose of this paper is to address the apparent contradiction by examining consumer responses to the online accessibility and price display of luxury goods. Design/methodology/approach – Three studies are presented: first, a qualitative pre-study with luxury industry experts is conducted to identify the current managerial discussion on the

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Feenstra, Robert C., Mingzhi Xu, and Alexis Antoniades. "What is the Price of Tea in China? Goods Prices and Availability in Chinese Cities." Economic Journal 130, no. 632 (2020): 2438–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa066.

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Abstract We examine the price and variety of a sample of consumer goods at the barcode level in cities within China. Unlike the position in the United States, in China the prices of goods tend to be lower in larger cities. We explain that difference between the countries by the more uneven spatial distribution of manufacturers’ sales and retailers in China, and we confirm the pro-competitive effect of city size on reducing markups there. In both countries, there is a greater variety of goods in larger cities, but that effect is more pronounced in China. Combining the lower prices and greater v

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L’Huillier, Jean-Paul. "Consumer Imperfect Information and Endogenous Price Rigidity." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 12, no. 2 (2020): 94–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20170203.

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This paper studies the propagation of monetary shocks in an economy featuring a strategic microfoundation for price rigidities. Following an aggregate shock to money, most consumers are initially uninformed. The market for goods is decentralized. Firms are better off delaying the adjustment of prices until enough consumers learn. At the same time, consumers learn from firms that have adjusted prices. The implied endogenous information diffusion follows a Bernoulli differential equation, implying a nonlinear path of learning. Nonlinear learning implies hump-shaped dynamics of output and inflati

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Chhetri, Ashmita Dahal. "Awareness Level of College Students on Consumer Protection Practices in Chitwan." Journal of Balkumari College 9, no. 1 (2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v9i1.30092.

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Any individual who purchases products or services for his personal use is called a consumer. A consumer is one who is the decision maker whether to buy or not to buy an item. And It is true that the consumer is the king of the market, but in reality consumers are treated very badly in the market. The consumers are cheated in different ways by middlemen like adulteration, under-weight of goods, selling goods of inferior quality and duplicated goods, charging higher prices, misleading advertisement in the media, etc. The consumers are not sure of getting qualitative goods as per their demand and

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Carlos, Ann M., and Frank D. Lewis. "TRADE, CONSUMPTION, AND THE NATIVE ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM YORK FACTORY, HUDSON BAY." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (2001): 1037–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701042073.

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Like Europeans and colonists, eighteenth-century Native Americans were purchasing a greatly expanded variety of goods. As fur prices rose from 1716 to 1770, there was a shift in expenditures from producer and household goods to tobacco, alcohol, and other luxuries by Indians who traded furs at the Hudson's Bay Company's York Factory post. A consumer behavior model, using company accounts, shows that Indians bought more European goods in response to higher fur prices and, perhaps more importantly, increased their effort in the fur trade. These findings contradict much that has been written abou

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Harding, Matthew, Ephraim Leibtag, and Michael F. Lovenheim. "The Heterogeneous Geographic and Socioeconomic Incidence of Cigarette Taxes: Evidence from Nielsen Homescan Data." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 4 (2012): 169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.4.169.

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We use Nielsen Homescan data to examine who bears the economic burden of cigarette taxes. We find cigarette taxes are less than fully passed through to consumer prices, suggesting consumers and producers split the excess burden of these taxes. Using information on consumer location, we show the availability of lower-tax goods across state borders creates significant differences in the pass-through rate. Tax avoidance opportunities also have a sizable effect on purchasing behavior by altering consumer search, prices paid and quantities purchased. Finally, we demonstrate that the incidence of ci

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Karpenko, M., and O. Stelma. "THE DYNAMIC MODEL OF ECONOMIC EQUILIBILITY AS A COMPONENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 156 (2020): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-88-93.

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The article describes the system model with adjustable parameters and its mathematical analysis. The model allows us to investigate the conditions of achieving economic equilibrium and to consider possible states of the system in this context. In the model, the economic system is described by the interaction of three components: the producer, the aggregate consumer, and the price regulator. The manufacturer produces two types of products (goods), and its production capacity limits their maximum output. The specific value of production volumes of each type of product is determined by the produc

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Surya, Yusuf Yoga Adi. "Analisis Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Dan Dividen Terhadap Perubahan Harga Saham Perusahaan Consumer Goods." Kajian Bisnis STIE Widya Wiwaha 24, no. 2 (2017): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jkb.v24i2.226.

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This study aims to determine the effect of financial ratio i.e the ratio of liquidity and profitability to the stock price; the influence of sales growth on stock prices; and the effect of dividends on stock prices at the consumer goods company field of telecommunications services. This study used a sample of three telecommunications companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely: PT Indosat, PT Telkom and PT XL Axiata with financial reporting data from 2011 to 2015. The method of analysis using multiple linear regression analysis as an analytical tool for analyzing the effect of the fin

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Andriychenko, Oleksiy, Audrius Girnius, and Atanu Saha. "Complementary Goods: Prices and Consumer Welfare Under Duopoly and Monopoly." International Journal of the Economics of Business 13, no. 3 (2006): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13571510600961353.

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Nyzhnyk, Iryna. "DEFICITE – FACTOR OF GROWTH OF CONSUMER PRICES FOR FOOD GOODS." CHERKASY UNIVERSITY BULLETIN: ECONOMICS SCIENCES, no. 1 (2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31651/2076-5843-2019-1-51-57.

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Armstrong, Harvey, Geraint Johnes, Jill Johnes, and Alasdair McBean. "CONSUMER GOODS AND ENERGY PRICES ON THE ISLE OF MAN." Management Research News 14, no. 7/8/9 (1991): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028151.

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Davydov, D. "Interval Perception of Information and Consumer Behavior: Methodological Aspects." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2007): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-12-60-70.

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The article stresses the difference between objective presence and subjective perception of information by economic agents. The author considers some psycho-physiological aspects of information perception which are directly connected with the processes of economic decision-making. The article also discusses theoretical problems of modeling the perception of information about prices and quantities of goods and services on the part of consumers. Interval approach for uncertainty description is offered, the general consumer choice problem in case of interval uncertainty is formulated, and some pr

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Melisa Yuana and Taudlikhul Afkar. "ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI." Journal of Sustainability Bussiness Research (JSBR) 1, no. 1 (2020): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jsbr.v1i1.2994.

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The purpose for this study to analyze also study the presence or absence of financial ratios that contribut to stock prices. The population in this study is the financial statements of consumer goods industry companies that are listed on the IDX. The study used 36 samples from 6 consumer goods companies with a reporting period of 6 years. Secondary data is a type of data in this study. The method or method used is the quantitative method, where data are analyzed with the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression, also the coefficient of determination. The research carried out resulte

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Kessner, Ekkehard, and Mattias K. Polborn. "A New Test of Price Dispersion." German Economic Review 1, no. 2 (2000): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00012.

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Abstract Economists have been concerned with price dispersion for apparently homogeneous goods for a long time. Many models have been developed which explain price dispersion by imperfect consumer information about prices in the market. There are few empirical tests of these models. Moreover, these tests at most show that the observed price dispersion is consistent with the models; however, an alternative explanation of price dispersion is always that the goods sold are not homogeneous from the consumers' point of view but that there are quality differences which cannot be observed by the empi

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Dhar, Ravi, and Klaus Wertenbroch. "Consumer Choice between Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods." Journal of Marketing Research 37, no. 1 (2000): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.37.1.60.18718.

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In this article, the authors examine how consumer choice between hedonic and utilitarian goods is influenced by the nature of the decision task. Building on research on elaboration, the authors propose that the relative salience of hedonic dimensions is greater when consumers decide which of several items to give up (forfeiture choices) than when they decide which item to acquire (acquisition choices). The resulting hypothesis that a hedonic item is relatively preferred over the same utilitarian item in forfeiture choices than in acquisition choices was supported in two choice experiments. In

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Liang, Rong-Da. "Predicting intentions to purchase organic food: the moderating effects of organic food prices." British Food Journal 118, no. 1 (2016): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2015-0215.

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Purpose – Organic food represents the fastest growing sector in the food market, with outstanding performance in both production and sales. However, existing studies on organic food have lacked a strong theoretical foundation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among purchase intention and the properties, certification mechanisms, retail channels, and prices of organic food from multiple theoretical perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – Using a rigorous sampling design, 507 valid questionnaires collected from consumers at four well-known organic food markets, a

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Gooding, Philip. "Consumer Prices Index and Retail Prices Index: the 2011 basket of goods and services." Economic & Labour Market Review 5, no. 4 (2011): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2011.44.

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Damay, Coralie, Nathalie Guichard, and Amélie Clauzel. "Children’s price knowledge." Young Consumers 15, no. 2 (2014): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2013-00374.

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Purpose – This research aims to evaluate young consumers’ knowledge of everyday product prices. Despite a large body of research on the child as consumer, few studies examine price. Design/methodology/approach – The study employs a quantitative methodology and administered questionnaires that target a sample of 224 primary school French children. Findings – The various employed measures help shed light on the pricing aspect of children’s consumption processes. In particular, the results show that although price recall is relatively weak, children become familiar with the order of price magnitu

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