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1
Jacobs, Wenette, Philip N. Stoop, and René Van Niekerk. "Fundamental Consumer Rights Under the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008: A Critical Overview and Analysis." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 3 (2017): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i3a2692.
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South Africa was in need of a comprehensive framework of legislation, policies and government authorities to regulate consumer-supplier interaction. The Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008, which was signed by the President of the Republic of South Africa on 29 April 2009 and published in the Government Gazette on 29 April 2009, now provides an extensive framework for consumer protection and aims to develop, enhance and protect the rights of consumers and to eliminate unethical suppliers and improper business practices. Certain areas of the common law regarding consumer rights have been codified by the Act and certain unfair business practices that were previously unregulated are now governed by the Act. The Act has a wide field of application. It applies to every transaction occurring within South Africa for the supply of goods or services or the promotion of goods or services and the goods or services themselves, unless the transaction is exempted from the application of the Act. The Act also specifically regulates aspects of franchise agreements. In terms of the Act, consumers obtain several new rights and some existing rights are broadened and reinforced. These rights are: the right to equality in the consumer market; privacy; choice; disclosure and information; fair and responsible marketing; fair and honest dealing; fair, just and reasonable terms and conditions; and fair value, good quality and safety. The last right in terms of the Act deals with a supplier's accountability to consumers. The authors critically analyse and discuss these rights. It is clear that the Act is written in favour of the consumer. Various provisions of the Act make inroads into the common-law position to strengthen the position of the consumer vis-à-vis the supplier and suppliers are undoubtedly facing an onerous task to prepare to comply, and eventually attempt to comply, with the Act. Although the Act has its own interpretation clause, which provides that it must be interpreted in a manner that gives effect to the purposes of the Act, the Act poses many uncertainties and interpretational and practical challenges. Many questions are therefore raised, some of which remain unanswered. These questions illustrate some of the uncertainties concerning the scope and possible interpretation of the fundamental consumer rights.
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Joosub, T., and D. Coldwell. "Factors driving the location investment decision of South African MNEs: Senior executives’ perceptions." Southern African Business Review 20, no. 1 (2019): 492–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6061.
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As trade barriers fell, South African enterprises faced new competition in their previously protected home market. With established markets becoming saturated, multinational enterprises (MNEs) steered towards emerging markets abroad. Geographically, South Africa is an intrinsic part of Africa, and psychic distance, defined as consisting of, inter alia, differences in language, culture and business practices, can disturb the flow of business between an enterprise and the world. Physical proximity to countries makes it easier for enterprises to understand the culture and business practices, and reduces the uncertainty and risk of the new market. Perceived distance into Africa and elsewhere is also influenced by the specific consumer attributes and behaviours. Enterprises perform best in foreign markets where consumer behaviour is most receptive to a company’s goods and services. The study empirically investigated perceptions of psychic distance and foreign consumer factors in FDI decision making by senior executives of South African MNEs. The findings suggest that psychic distance is relatively unimportant and foreign consumer factors relatively important in FDI decision making
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Brink, Sophia M., and Herman A. Viviers. "Inkomstebelastinghantering van kliëntelojaliteitsprogram: Transaksies in Suid-Afrika." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 2 (2012): 437–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i2.293.
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Client loyalty programmes are a common phenomenon in the South African market and, although prevalent in South Africa since the 1980s, the South African Revenue Service has issued no guidance on the income tax treatment of client loyalty programme transactions in the hands of the consumer. Benefits received in the form of goods, services or discounts from a client loyalty programme are currently not subject to normal South African income tax. The main objective of the research was to investigate whether the existing provisions in the Income Tax Act and related case law provide the basis for taxing client loyalty programmes in the hands of the consumer as natural person. In order to meet this objective local and international literature was analysed to determine the correct income tax treatment and it was found that points or miles received by a consumer meet all the requirements of the “gross income” definition and as a result should be taxable.
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David, Estelle M., and Krishna K. Govender. "Re-Branding Fast Moving Consumer Goods in an International Company in South Africa." Journal of Economics 5, no. 2 (2014): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09765239.2014.11884992.
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Marais, D. J., E. V. D. M. Smit, and W. J. Conradie. "Micro-level tests for rational expectations in South Africa." South African Journal of Business Management 28, no. 1 (1997): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v28i1.785.
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The article investigates entrepreneurial expectations formation along the lines of the rational expectations hypothesis. It utilizes micro-level business survey data from the Bureau for Economic Research and distinguishes between phases of the business cycle, consumer and capital goods industries and various degrees of sectoral economic concentration. Very little evidence of weak form rationality is present in the data which concurs with similar international evaluations.
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Oodith, Pravina Devpersadh, and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Brand Consciousness of BOP Consumers in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 3 (2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i3.1748.
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Bottom of the pyramid (BOP) consumers are not just basing their purchase decisions on price and affordability but on the value derived from good-quality brands. Hence, this study assesses the brand-consciousness of South African BOP consumers in terms of brand awareness, differentiation, recognition, loyalty, trust and preferences for leading brands. The aim is to understand the brand consciousness of the South African BOP market so that suitable brand management strategies may be formulated to profitably serve the needs of this market. The population (2 556 422 elements) included BOP consumers living in relative poverty within the rural areas of South Africa from which a sample of 600 subjects was drawn using area sampling. Data was collected using a self-development questionnaire whose psychometric properties were statistically assessed and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reflect that there is a high degree of brand awareness amongst BOP consumers, the majority of BOP consumers are able to easily differentiate between the various brands based on the brands’ logos, design and/or coloring, a significant segment displays brand loyalty which alters when price becomes a factor for consideration and BOP consumers lack trust where new brands are concerned and prefer good quality brands. Furthermore, BOP consumers’ brand consciousness and purchase decisions are influenced by education and income respectively. It can also be concluded that the majority of South African BOP consumers are brand-conscious; hence, brands play an influential role in their consumer decision-making process. Beneficial recommendations are presented for business organizations.
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Bendixen, Mike, Denis Cranson, and Russell Abratt. "Consumer perceptions of a perilous product: International tourism to South Africa." South African Journal of Business Management 27, no. 4 (1996): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v27i4.811.
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Tourism can make a significant contribution to the development of South Africa by providing employment, contributing to foreign exchange earnings and by increasing economic activity. The aim of this study was to establish current perceptions, attitudes and orientations of foreign tourists towards post-apartheid South Africa as a tourist destination. A sample of 250 tourists were interviewed at London's Heathrow Airport. The results show that the South African tourism industry is faced with a multidimensional problem. It is a good example of a perilous or high risk product. However, with sound market segmentation and targeting, and proper planning, South Africa can have a vibrant and sustainable tourism industry. A unique way of segmenting tourist markets is presented. Specific recommendations are discussed in detail, which could aid all those involved in marketing a high risk product.
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Oodith, Pravina Devpersadh, and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Brand Consciousness of BOP Consumers in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 3(J) (2017): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i3(j).1748.
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Bottom of the pyramid (BOP) consumers are not just basing their purchase decisions on price and affordability but on the value derived from good-quality brands. Hence, this study assesses the brand-consciousness of South African BOP consumers in terms of brand awareness, differentiation, recognition, loyalty, trust and preferences for leading brands. The aim is to understand the brand consciousness of the South African BOP market so that suitable brand management strategies may be formulated to profitably serve the needs of this market. The population (2 556 422 elements) included BOP consumers living in relative poverty within the rural areas of South Africa from which a sample of 600 subjects was drawn using area sampling. Data was collected using a self-development questionnaire whose psychometric properties were statistically assessed and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reflect that there is a high degree of brand awareness amongst BOP consumers, the majority of BOP consumers are able to easily differentiate between the various brands based on the brands’ logos, design and/or coloring, a significant segment displays brand loyalty which alters when price becomes a factor for consideration and BOP consumers lack trust where new brands are concerned and prefer good quality brands. Furthermore, BOP consumers’ brand consciousness and purchase decisions are influenced by education and income respectively. It can also be concluded that the majority of South African BOP consumers are brand-conscious; hence, brands play an influential role in their consumer decision-making process. Beneficial recommendations are presented for business organizations.
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Redda, Ephrem Habtemichael. "Positive and Negative Antecedents of Consumer Attitude towards Online Shopping." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6(J) (2018): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2612.
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The internet has enabled businesses to make a wide range of products available for consumers to shop online, conveniently, anytime from anywhere in the world. While online shopping has shown tremendous growth over the recent past, literature indicates that consumers do cite some serious risks in transacting through the internet, and show reluctance in engaging in such activities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify positive and negative antecedents of consumer attitudes towards online shopping in an emerging economy, South Africa. Primary data through a survey method was collected from a sample of 215 consumers in Gauteng, South Africa, in early 2018. The study utilized descriptive, correlation and multivariate regression analysis to achieve its stated objective. The study identifies convenience, better deals/competitive pricing, a wider selection of products and online atmospherics as positive antecedents of consumer attitudes towards online shopping, while trust/reliability issues, financial risk, product risk, non-delivery risk and return policy issues are identified as negative antecedents of consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Online retailers are therefore encouraged to building on the positive antecedents by offering value for money (i.e. competitive pricing), offering a wide range of goods and services in their web pages, providing valuable information to customers, and designing visually appealing websites. Similarly, online retailers should try as much as possible to reduce the real and/or perceived risks related to financial risk and product risk by building trust with their customers.
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Redda, Ephrem Habtemichael. "Positive and Negative Antecedents of Consumer Attitude towards Online Shopping." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6 (2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2612.
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The internet has enabled businesses to make a wide range of products available for consumers to shop online, conveniently, anytime from anywhere in the world. While online shopping has shown tremendous growth over the recent past, literature indicates that consumers do cite some serious risks in transacting through the internet, and show reluctance in engaging in such activities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify positive and negative antecedents of consumer attitudes towards online shopping in an emerging economy, South Africa. Primary data through a survey method was collected from a sample of 215 consumers in Gauteng, South Africa, in early 2018. The study utilized descriptive, correlation and multivariate regression analysis to achieve its stated objective. The study identifies convenience, better deals/competitive pricing, a wider selection of products and online atmospherics as positive antecedents of consumer attitudes towards online shopping, while trust/reliability issues, financial risk, product risk, non-delivery risk and return policy issues are identified as negative antecedents of consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Online retailers are therefore encouraged to building on the positive antecedents by offering value for money (i.e. competitive pricing), offering a wide range of goods and services in their web pages, providing valuable information to customers, and designing visually appealing websites. Similarly, online retailers should try as much as possible to reduce the real and/or perceived risks related to financial risk and product risk by building trust with their customers.
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Sharma, Rajesh, and Abhinanda Gautam. "Impact of Retail Formats on Consumer Buyer Behavior- A Study of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Market in South Africa." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 11, no. 3 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2016/21388.
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Inglesi-Lotz, Roula, and Rangan Gupta. "THE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSE PRICES AND INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN ARDL APPROACH." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 2 (2013): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2013.807400.
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This paper investigates whether house prices provide a suitable hedge against inflation in South Africa by analysing the long-run relationship between house prices and the prices of non-housing goods and services. Quarterly data series are collected for the luxury, large middle-segment, medium middle-segment, small middle-segment and the entire middle segment of house prices, as well as, the consumer price index excluding housing costs for the period 1970:Q1–2011:Q1. Based on autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models, the empirical results indicate long-run cointegration between the house prices of all the segments and the consumer price index excluding housing costs. Moreover, the long-run elasticity of house prices with respect to prices of non-housing goods and services, i.e., the Fisher coefficient is greater than one for the luxury segment, virtually equal to one for the small middle-segment, and less than one for the large and medium middle-segments, as well as the affordable segments. More importantly though, the estimated Fisher coefficients are not statistically different from unity – a result consistent with the proposed theoretical framework relating housing prices and consumer prices excluding housing expenditure. In general, we infer that house prices in South Africa provide a stable inflation hedge in the long-run.
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Simpson, Zane, Anneke De Bod, Jan Havenga, Esbeth Van Dyk, and Isabel Meyer. "Intermodal solutions for the South African fast-moving consumer goods sector." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 10, no. 3 (2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/writr.2021.117664.
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OMONONA,, Solomon, Olabanji ONI,, and Joseph OBAMEN. "Effects of Leadership Style on Employee Performance of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGS) in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 1(J) (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(j).2739.
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Abstract: The study seeks to assess the effects of leadership style on Employee performance (EP) of fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) companies in South Africa. The specific objectives are: to determine the effects of autocratic leadership style on EP; to evaluate the effect of participative/ democratic leadership style on EP; to ascertain the relationship between laissez faire leadership style and EP; to assess the relationship between transactional leadership style and EP in the FMCGs. Quantitative research survey design was adopted for the study; both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized during the investigation. The sample size of 233 was obtained from the estimated population using Rao soft online calculator at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Data was collected via questionnaires and analyzed utilizing Simple Linear Regression (SLR) and Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC). It was discovered that there is a significant relationship between the various leadership styles and the performance of organisations. However, transactional leadership style was found to account for more influence on employee performance than other styles of leadership. Therefore, the study recommends the transactional style of leadership for managers of FMCGs in order to increase employee performance, ensure profitability and sustainability of the organisation.
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Chakabva, Oscar, Robertson K. Tengeh, and Jobo Dubihlela. "A holistic assessment of the risks encountered by fast moving consumer goods SMEs in South Africa." Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 7, no. 4 (2020): 3321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.7.4(49).
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Mathu, Kenneth. "Supply Chain Management as a Competitive Advantage of Fast Moving Consumer Goods SMEs in South Africa." Journal of Energy and Natural Resources 10, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20211001.14.
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Mazambani, Last, and Emmanuel Mutambara. "Predicting FinTech innovation adoption in South Africa: the case of cryptocurrency." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 1 (2019): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-04-2019-0152.
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Purpose Financial technology innovation within the developed world is driving financial markets, yet its adoption is lagging among consumers in emerging markets. At the same time, most African economies continue to be at the tail end of global financial innovations adoption. Given lagging consumer adoption of cryptocurrency in South Africa, the purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict behavioural intention to adopt cryptocurrency. Design/methodology/approach A survey instrument based on the TPB was used to collect quantitative data for predicting adoption from adult distance students at the Mancosa, Cape Town campus. For data analysis, the two-step structural equation modelling approach was used. Findings The findings indicate that attitude and perceived behavioural control positively impact the intention to adopt cryptocurrency. Subjective norm showed a negative non-significant influence. Overall, the results of the study show that the model has a good model fit and can be used to explain the theory. Research limitations/implications The results of this study may not be generalisable to the wider population as it is only based on a cross-sectional study of a sample of adult students at a single institute in South Africa. Originality/value The contribution of this paper is threefold: it is one of a few studies on the behavioural intention to adopt cryptocurrency in South Africa using the TPB model, it contributes towards the use of predictive behavioural economics models in understanding consumer behaviour critical to accelerating the adoption of financial innovations, and the results of the study also inform behaviour change strategies that can be applied by practitioners or policymakers to improve adoption. Studies of this nature may lead to the development of financial innovation in emerging markets through a nuanced understanding of consumer behaviour.
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Van Oordt, Marius Louis. "A nutritional goods and a complete consumer demand system estimation for South Africa using actual price data." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 4 (2016): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i4.1454.
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Empirical analysis of South African indirect tax policy reform and the welfare consequences of such reform has been limited by a lack of reliable consumer demand system estimations. One reason for potentially unreliable demand estimations is not using actual price data in estimation. In this paper, the results of a nutritional goods demand system estimation and a complete demand system estimation are reported. Both systems were estimated with the use of the quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) model incorporating demographic variables and using actual price and expenditure data. Subsequent to estimations, expenditure, own and cross-price elasticities of demand were calculated for both demand systems. The coefficients estimated provided largely statistical significant results and all elasticities calculated seem plausible in sign and magnitude.
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John, Anna V., and Malcolm P. Brady. "Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward South African consumables in Mozambique." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 2, no. 1 (2011): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20400701111110786.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: to validate the consumer ethnocentrism tendencies (CET) scale in Mozambique and to describe the profile of CET in that country; to describe the effects of consumer ethnocentrism through the moderator of product type; and to discuss implications of Mozambican consumer ethnocentrism and its effects and make recommendations for practitioners.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire‐based survey was carried out to collect data from 448 consumers in Southern Mozambique. The data were analyzed by using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe CET scale has satisfactory psychometric qualities and can be used as a two‐dimensional construct in Mozambique. Mozambican consumers were found to be moderately ethnocentric. Their ethnocentric tendencies underpinned negative attitudes toward South African consumables. The study demonstrates the moderating role of product type and concludes that importers of South African agricultural consumables into Mozambique are more susceptible to the effects of consumer ethnocentrism than are importers of processed goods.Research limitations/implicationsThe results cannot be generalized to countries and products which were not included into this study. The conclusions about the CET effects are valid only for the southern part of the country where the survey took place.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest that South African marketing managers should pay closer attention to the competitiveness of agricultural consumables in Mozambique. By contrast, processed consumables from South Africa represent a lower risk. As the employment issue plays a central role in Mozambican consumer ethnocentric tendencies, the national policy makers might incorporate it into the messages of buy‐local campaigns. In addition, the buy local campaigns should position growing national industry as a future large employer in the country. The national suppliers of agricultural consumables are at less risk. On the contrary, national producers of processed consumables are at a disadvantage because ethnocentricity does not result in strong support of these products. Advertising messages with patriotic appeals may be ineffective. Thus, instead of country of origin, other extrinsic cues (e.g. brand, package and price) may be used to enhance competitiveness on the national market.Social implicationsMozambican consumers are moderately ethnocentric. Consumer ethnocentricity and its effects in Mozambique are shaped by pragmatic motives originating from socio‐economic pressures such as the under‐development of the national production sector and high unemployment in the country.Originality/valueThe paper will be of interest to practitioners, e.g. foreign companies, exporters and Mozambican policy makers and producers. The findings suggest that foreign companies should not be overly cautious about selling their products in Mozambique because, being moderately ethnocentric, Mozambican consumers are open to purchasing foreign imports where there is good reason, for example, when locally made products are unavailable.
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Gupta, Pamila. "Consuming the Coast: mid-century communications of port tourism in the southern african Indian Ocean." Comunicação Mídia e Consumo 12, no. 35 (2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18568/1983-7070.1235149-170.
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<p>Throughout the early to mid-20<sup>th</sup> century, tourist passenger cruise liners moving along the Southern African coast were a popular leisure activity, undertaken by largely elite (white) Europeans (predominately British), Americans, and South Africans, with stopping off points including multiple Indian Ocean port cities such as Cape Town and Durban in South Africa and Lourenço Marques and Beira in Portuguese Mozambique. By considering the above twined port cities in relation to their entangled colonial and tourist pasts, and as operating within a distinct regional “cultural corridor”(NUTALL, 2009) of Southern Africa, this paper explores a series of leisured port spaces as inter-connected via the passenger cruise liner. The basis for my historical navigation is the tourism yearbooks produced by the <em>Union-Castle Line, </em>Round Africa service, those for 1939 and 1949 respectively. That these guidebooks serve as portholes into the cosmopolitan microcosmic world of cruise ships makes them invaluable for understanding the history of leisure (and its concomitant products, consumer goods and advertising) in Southern Africa.</p>
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Morris, Carla. "An industry analysis of the power of human capital for corporate performance: Evidence from South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 18, no. 4 (2015): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v18i4.1191.
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Even in industrialised emerging economies, the value-generating competencies of a workforce, known as its human capital efficiency, are a key resource for commercial success. The objective of this research is to empirically investigate the relationship between human capital efficiency (as measured by value-added human capital) and the financial and market performance of companies listed on the Main Board and Alternative Exchange (ALT-X) of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Return on assets, revenue growth and headline earnings per share were used as financial performance indicators; while market-to-book ratio and total share return were used to measure market performance. Multivariate regressions were performed, with panel data covering 390 companies in the financial, basic materials, consumer services, consumer goods, industrial and technology industries from 2001 to 2011. First, human capital efficiency was found to have no effect on the market performance of listed companies in South Africa. Secondly, higher human capital efficiency was found to result in the extraction of greater returns from both tangible and intangible assets in all industries. Thirdly, higher profitability was found to be associated with higher human capital efficiency in almost every industry in South Africa, with the exception of the technology industry, where human capital efficiency was found to be independent of headline earnings per share. Finally, higher revenue growth was found to be positively associated with human capital efficiency in those industries which are not consumer-driven. In the consumer-driven industries, human capital efficiency contributes to bottom line profitability even though it is not a driver for revenue growth. Overall, the results of this study confirm that human capital efficiency enhances a company’s financial performance, whether it be through a greater capacity for production and service delivery, tighter cost controls or better use of company resources. Management in all South African industries are encouraged to develop the value-creating abilities of their employees through employer-driven personnel enrichment and training programs and by incentivising workers to pursue further education.
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Banda, Felix, and Lorato Mokwena. "Commodification of African languages in linguistic landscapes of rural Northern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2019, no. 260 (2019): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2019-2054.
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Abstract English has been portrayed in linguistic landscape literature as the definitive language of commodification. However, using linguistic landscape images from two rural communities in the Northern Cape, South Africa, this article shows how indigenous African languages and localised English are entangled as commodities – whether used independently or in hybridised form – for the sale of various goods and services. We show that the commodification of the languages and hybridised forms speaks to semiotic choices of local authorship of signage and to the influence of local communities’ languaging practices. We propose that commodity status of languages or their linguistic features is variable, since commodified languages or linguistic features as modes derive meanings from the assembled multimodal resources, whose design features as languages or translanguaged “blends”, and their statuses as being in and out of favour, depend on communicative purposes, the kinds of goods and services being marketed and the intended consumers. We conclude that languages, or their linguistic features as modes in signage, should be valued as mobile socio-culturally given and multimodally shaped semiotic resources deployed for communicative impact on consumers in local contexts of use.
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Naude, Tjakie, and Elizabeth De Stadler. ""Innovative Orders" Under the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (April 25, 2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5108.
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This article considers section 4(2)(b) of the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (hereafter the CPA), which grants a power to courts and the National Consumer Tribunal to make "appropriate orders to give practical effect to the consumer's right of access to redress", including, but not limited to, "any innovative order that better advances, protects, promotes and assures the realisation by consumers of their rights" in terms of the CPA (in addition to any order provided for in the CPA). First, a brief overview of the provisions on interpretation of the CPA is given, to give context to the interpretation of the power of the courts to make innovative orders. Thereafter, instances are discussed where it is undoubtedly clear that innovative orders are needed, that is, where the CPA creates a right without a remedy. Examples are the consumer's right to receive delivery of the goods or performance of the services within a reasonable time where no time for performance was agreed upon, and the consumer's right to assume that "the supplier has the legal right, or the authority of the legal owner", to supply the goods. This part includes analysis and criticism of the only reported decision which discusses the delineation of the power to grant innovative orders, and which unjustifiably refused to grant such an order in respect of the consumer's right that the goods supplied "remain useable and durable for a reasonable time".
 The article then considers situations where there is no clear gap in the CPA such as a right without a remedy, but the CPA is nevertheless ambiguous and policy considerations call for an innovative order. This part gives an example of a case where the National Consumer Tribunal briefly referred to section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders in support of a new rule on the suspension of prescription (time limitation) not recognised in the text of the CPA. Part 5 of the article considers the types of orders that were probably envisaged by the legislature when drafting section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders, such as publicity and compliance programme orders, which serve to increase the effectiveness and preventative effect of orders on prohibited conduct. This part of the article considers legislation from the United Kingdom on such orders, which is referred to as "enhanced consumer measures".
 
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Stiehler, Beate Elizabeth. "Co-creating luxury brands in an emerging market." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 19, no. 4 (2016): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-02-2016-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore consumer meaning-making and brand co-creation and the role of brand value and the consumption context of luxury goods in the emerging South African market. Design/methodology/approach An extant segmentation approach that classifies luxury brand consumers into four different segments was used to guide the identification of a total of 16 luxury consumers with whom in-depth interviews were conducted. Findings The findings identify differences between four consumer segments’ levels of brand knowledge and indicate how these differing levels produce interesting meanings assigned to luxury brands which in turn co-create the brands. A framework is also proposed that maps each of the four luxury segments according to the value they derive from luxury brands and the context in which luxury consumption holds the most meaning for each segment. Practical implications Managerial recommendations concerning the implications of consumers assigning meaning and value to luxury brands and recommendations pertaining to the managing and positioning of luxury brands to each of the four luxury segments in this market are proposed. Originality/value The study provides interesting insights with regards to how consumers assign meaning and value to luxury brands in the emerging South African market. The proposed framework also uniquely demonstrates underlying behaviours within each of the four luxury segments and contributes to a better understanding of how and why these segments consume luxury brands.
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Pienaar, Wessel. "A proposed regulatory framework for road and rail freight transport in South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 26, no. 4 (2007): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v26i4.140.
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The increase in the number of freight vehicles on South Africa’s rural road network has received substantial attention. Insinuations persist that long-distance road freight haulage is of a somewhat unsavoury economic nature, and that strict economic re-regulation of the land freight transport is necessary. During the 1970s road transport replaced rail carriage as the dominant form of long-distance freight transport (excluding minerals and ore) in South Africa. On long hauls road freight carriers transport certain primary products of an organic nature (such as timber, fish and agricultural produce), some semi-finished goods, many finished goods and most consumer goods. Road freight carriers are continuously gaining market share on long-distance links where rail transport is the more cost efficient mode. The greater value added by road freight carriers in comparison with rail transport through service effectiveness is often more than the cost premium paid for utilising their service rather than making use of rail transport. Throughout history, governments have involved themselves in transport. A diverse range of arguments have been advanced for this involvement in transport, including the following:Control of excessive competition, co-ordination of transport, integration of transport with economic policy, maintenance of safety, security, and order, provision of costly infrastructure, provision of public goods, recovery of the true resource cost of transport inputs, regulation of harmful conduct and externalities, restraint of monopoly power, and social support. A set of nine instruments can be identified that governments apply to influence the performance of the freight transport industry: Legislation, direct supply, fiscal measures, monetary measures, moral appeal and persuasion, policies relating to strategic commodities, procurement policy, provision of information, and research and development. The best prospects for a sound development of land freight transport activity in South Africa will be offered within the framework of a free-functioning freight transport market.
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Dobler, Gregor. "From Scotch Whisky to Chinese Sneakers: International Commodity Flows and New Trade Networks in Oshikango, Namibia." Africa 78, no. 3 (2008): 410–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000259.
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After the end of the colonial period, international commodity flows into Africa at first continued to reproduce patterns of colonial domination. In the last ten years, however, important shifts have become visible. New commodity chains bypassing the old colonial powers have developed and are changing the way Africa is integrated into the global economy. This article looks at four trade networks that converge in Oshikango, a small trade boom town in northern Namibia. It describes how trade in Scotch whisky, Brazilian furniture, Japanese used cars and Chinese sneakers into Oshikango is organized. Whisky trade follows old colonial patterns; furniture trade relies on new South-South business contacts backed by political lobbying; in the used car trade, goods from the North are traded by networks of Southern migrant entrepreneurs; Chinese consumer goods are brought into Africa by Chinese migrants who bridge the cultural gap between the markets. Trade in Oshikango highlights the importance of new trade routes for Africa. Migrant entrepreneurs play an important role in these trade routes. A closer look at them shows, however, that their importance is largely due to opportunities arising from their place in the international system, not to a group's inherent cultural or social characteristics.
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Strachan, Daniel. "AN EVALUATION OF THE SELF-REGULATION OF PROMOTIONAL COMPETITIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 19 (June 8, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a730.
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Promotional competitions are competitions in which prizes are awarded by lot or chance in order to promote goods or services. In order to protect participants and consumers against abuse, these competitions are usually regulated by gambling or consumer protection legislation. However, the relevant legislation is often complemented by self-regulation, which is the focus of this contribution. Self-regulation entails the regulation or governing of an industry by the role players in that industry. This article commences by explaining the relevant terminology and exploring self-regulation in general, including the various forms of self-regulation and the binding force thereof. The nature of self-regulation is discussed together with the advantages and challenges associated with this form of regulation. This is followed by some examples of self-regulation on a global level in order to provide a comparative perspective on the topic. The provisions of the International Chamber of Commerce’s Consolidated Code of Advertising and Marketing Communications Practice are summarised and the European Advertising Standards Alliance’s role in self-regulation is considered. Attention is also given to the relevant industry codes in the United Kingdom in view of the comprehensive way in which promotional competitions are covered by the self-regulation in that country.The main part of the article centres on the self-regulatory position in South Africa. The brief overview of the role and function of the Advertising Standards Authority of South Africa (ASASA) is provided. The provisions of the ASASA’s Code of Advertising Practice are then examined and some ASASA rulings are discussed in order to illustrate the relevant principles. Thereafter, the focus shifts to the Code of Conduct of the Wireless Application Service Providers’ Association, which contains detailed provisions relating to promotional competitions. Some relevant rulings are also considered. In conclusion, comments are made regarding the current state of the self-regulation of promotional competitions in South Africa.
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Govender, Laurencia, Kirthee Pillay, Muthulisi Siwela, Albert Thembinkosi Modi, and Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "Consumer Perceptions and Acceptability of Traditional Dishes Prepared with Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (2019): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071577.
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is prevalent in South Africa, particularly among predominantly poor rural communities. Provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified crops could be used to address VAD; however, there are challenges of poor consumer acceptability. This study investigated the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP) with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), respectively, on consumer acceptability and perceptions of traditional dishes of rural communities in South Africa. Consumer acceptability of PVA-biofortified phutu (a crumbly maize porridge) served with either curried cabbage, chicken or bambara groundnut, separately, and boiled OFSP was evaluated by black South African adults (n = 120) using a five-point facial hedonic scale. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 56 subjects recruited from the consumer panel to assess consumer perceptions of the food samples. The majority of the participants rated the composite dishes containing PVA-biofortified phutu as “4 = good” and the acceptability of the composite dishes varied significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to other age groups, the 50–59-year age group showed higher preference for white phutu and chicken curry, whereas the 30–39-year age group showed higher preference for PVA-biofortified phutu and chicken curry. The acceptability of OFSP and CFSP was similar. The study participants showed positive perceptions of the OFSP, as well as PVA-biofortified phutu if served with either curried chicken or cabbage. The findings suggest that PVA-biofortified maize and OFSP can replace white maize and CFSP, respectively, in selected traditional dishes of the rural communities studied to alleviate VAD.
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K. Govender, Krishna. "Consumer Choice Behavior during a Social Disruption." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (2017): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.09.
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This paper explores the relationship between an external socio-disruptive factor and consumer product and brand decision-making behavior. The social disruption was physical relocation, which resulted in a radical change in the toilet system, which had implications for toilet cleaning product and brands used. By using a sample calculator, a probability sample of 384 households from Cosmo City, South Africa were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data from 332 respondents (86% response rate) were analyzed using various inferential statistical analysis techniques to test three hypotheses. Multiple regression path coefficients demonstrated positive and significant changes&amp;nbsp;β=1.709,&amp;nbsp; p&amp;lt;.0005 in the desired brand benefits following the social disruption, and that there were no significant differences&amp;nbsp;β=-0.601,&amp;nbsp; p&amp;lt;.027 between households that switched brands and those that did not. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing that consumers re-evaluate their brand choices, leading to significant brand switching in cases where the social change has a radical effect on brand usage. The results also indicate that ‘out-of-market’ changes such as a radical social change have the same impact on consumer brand behavior and brand choice, as “in-market” disruptions such as the introduction of an innovative brand. The findings have strategy implications for marketers of toilet cleaning products in particular and consumer goods in general.
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Anders, C., and MM Botha. "The awareness of HIV/AIDS in small enterprises in a sector of the fast moving consumer goods trade in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 7, no. 4 (2004): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i4.1290.
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This research sought to determine the level and nature of awareness of owners/managers of small enterprises in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) trade in the rural areas of the Limpopo Province, regarding the threat of HIV/AIDS to their businesses. The results indicated that information campaigns that target these businesses need to be intensified and that owners and managers of businesses should be trained to educate their employees and in developing and implementing business strategies to cope with the threat of HIV/AIDS. The government also needs to play a greater role in combating HIV/AIDS. The two major recommendations are that an appropriate information campaign specifically focused on the needs of this business sector be developed, as well as a model that could be used to manage HIV/AIDS.
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Hegner, Sabrina M., and Colin Jevons. "Brand trust: a cross-national validation in Germany, India, and South Africa." Journal of Product & Brand Management 25, no. 1 (2016): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-02-2015-0814.
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Purpose – Numerous studies have established the importance of brand trust for building long-term relationships with consumers. Nevertheless, there is confusion in the literature about how to measure trust in brands. Building on the studies of Li et al. (2008) and Li et al. (2015) who established brand trust as a second-order construct, this paper aims to demonstrate additional richness of the brand trust construct by adding further dimensions and extending the cultural background to Germany, India and South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Based on accepted scale development procedures, the authors have derived a parsimonious, reliable and valid scale to measure brand trust. Findings – The resulting cross-national scales of brand trust demonstrate validity by offering a good fit and invariant measures across countries. The results show that overall brand trust is influenced by competence, predictability and benevolence/integrity. Practical implications – Global communication technology means that brands are increasingly exposed internationally. To be successful in cross-cultural consumer-brand relationships, managers must build the skills to understand and deal with these cultural differences as well as understanding the fundamental aspects that do not differ across cultures. The model developed in this paper will be useful to both researchers and managers to get deeper insights into the trusting relationships their consumers have with their brand. Originality/value – This cross-national study builds on recently published work and contributes to enriching brand trust understanding. Additionally, this research offers a validated, easily applicable, scale for measuring brand trust.
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Tinonetsana, Faith, and Darry Penceliah. "The Influence of Packaging Elements on Buying Behaviour for Convenience Goods amongst Customers." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (2017): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1923.
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The role of packaging has changed with the move to self-service retail formats. Marketers have transformed packaging to become one of the major promoting tools to products. There was a necessity to explore packaging and its elements in order to understand which of these elements influence international university students purchase decisions. Thus, this paper seeks to determine the relationship between international university students’ buying behaviour and package elements through linear regression analysis. A quantitative, non-probability research approach was employed. A convenience sample was used to select study 400international students from two South African universities. Research findings reveal that international students’ perception of packaging elements influence their buying behaviour. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between consumer perception and students buying behaviour. Findings also reveal that there is a significant relationship between consumer buying behaviour and seven predictor variables; colour, graphics, packaging technology, label information, brand name, time pressure and level of involvement. It is thus imperative for the marketers to understand that packaging elements have various influences on the consumer depending on context and on product. If the package elements are properly combined, the package will be more attractive and attention grabbing.
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Sekakela, Kedibonye. "The impact of trading with China on Botswana’s economy." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 9, no. 1 (2016): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-09-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trading with China on Botswana’s domestic and third markets. The paper also assesses the structure and magnitude of Botswana–China bilateral trade. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used descriptive statistics such as graphic analysis to describe and summarize the basic features of the data. To reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone, the study applied Chenery Decomposition Approach and also applied the extension of Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis. Findings – Botswana mainly exports primary products to China and imports intermediate and capital goods, which are mainly used as inputs in the development of infrastructure in the country. Increased imports from China into Botswana’s domestic market has mainly replaced imports from other countries, and China’s textile, clothing and footwear (TCF) exports gained market share from Botswana’s TCF exports in the third markets, i.e. South Africa. Unlike Lesotho, the loss of market share by Botswana’s TCF exports in the South African market increased over the period under study. The Botswana Government needs to consider ways of enhancing Botswana’s TCF export competitiveness and learn lessons from China in relation to enhancing productivity in the TCF and other exporting industries. Research limitations/implications – Because of lack of data, this paper failed to estimate the impact of import penetration in the manufacturing subsectors and analyze the rapidly growing Botswana–China bilateral trade in services. There has been no estimate of the impact of intermediate and capital goods on production costs of Botswana’s productive sectors. Lastly, because of lack of data, there have been no estimates of Botswana’s consumer surplus generated from consuming relatively low-priced goods from China. Originality/value – This is the first study to carry out an empirical analysis of the Botswana–China trade relation. The study will be of value to academia and to policymakers who are interested in studying the China–Africa relation.
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Parumasur, Sanjana Brijball, and Nabendra Parumasur. "Scale Development, Validation and Use of Structural Equation Modelling to Test the Impact of Consumer Confidence and Persuasibility on Dissonance." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 1(J) (2016): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i1(j).1206.
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This study develops and validates a scale to assess the impact of consumer confidence and persuasibility on dissonance and applies the instrument to high-end consumers. It also assesses the relationship between consumer confidence and persuasibility as these constructs merge to influence dissonance. A sample of 200 new motor vehicle buyers who purchased from a leading and reputable motor vehicle company in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was drawn using stratified random sampling based on range of motor vehicle (bottom, middle, top). Initially, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to extract the factors. The reliability of the modified questionnaire was then assessed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Thereafter, confirmation factor analysis (CFA) was undertaken to develop and test the model structure in SEM, which generated a good model fit. Pearson r was computed to assess the relationship amongst the dimensions. Using structural equation modelling, the results support a significant relationship between consumer persuasibility and dissonance and a significant but inverse relationship between consumer confidence and dissonance, and confidence and persuasibility respectively.
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Barnard, Jacolien. "The Influence of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 on the Common Law Warranty Against Eviction: A Comparative Overview." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 5 (2017): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i5a2527.
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The implementation of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA) has great implications for the South African common law of sale. In this contribution the influence of the CPA on the seller’s common law duty to warrant the buyer against eviction is investigated. Upon evaluation of the relevant provisions of the CPA, the legal position in the United Kingdom – specifically the provisions of the Sales of Goods Act of 1979 – is investigated.
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Ntene, Tsoanelo, Samuel Azasu, and Anthony Owusu-Ansah. "Corporate real estate and corporate strategy alignment in South Africa." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 22, no. 3 (2020): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-05-2019-0025.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss whether alignment between corporate real estate strategy and corporate strategy exists for non-property companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange and what effects alignment has on the firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature, with a specific focus on non-property firms listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. The qualitative part of the study involved the analysis of the firms’ annual reports to determine the presence and use of corporate real estate strategies and their alignment to corporate strategy and the extraction of financial indicator data. The quantitative portion of the study involved the use of multivariate analysis, to distinguish and quantify the relationship, if any, between corporate real estate strategy and the identified financial performance indicators. The independent variables were the CRE strategies employed and the dependent variable was the share price. The methods used in this study have been applied before in European and Asian studies; this assisted in ensuring that validity and reliability was achieved. Findings The study finds that the most used strategy by firms (47%) is that which facilitates production, operation and service delivery. The Consumer Goods, Healthcare and Telecommunications sectors appear to demonstrate the highest level of alignment. Return on Shareholder Funds has a strong significant positive correlation with share price. Flexibility as a corporate real estate strategy also has a significant positive coefficient, which indicates a positive relationship with share price. Research limitations/implications Although consistent with results of studies conducted in Europe and Asia, the results of this research may not be applicable to privately held non-listed firms, state-owned enterprises, non-profits and educational institutions. This study also ignores the dynamic external environment in which firms operate and the necessity of firms adjusting their corporate real estate strategy to their changing business strategy. Practical implications These results suggest that the incorporation of corporate real estate strategy in the firms’ corporate strategy formulation has the potential to enhance shareholder value for South African firms. Real estate developers, landlords and owner occupiers would benefit from better understanding the strategic requirements of corporations to ensure that the solutions they provide increase the likelihood of maximizing shareholder return. Originality/value The role of corporate real estate strategy in the firms’ corporate strategy formulation has the ability to enhance shareholder value. This research adds to the scant literature on corporate real estate management in South Africa.
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Govender, Jeevarathnam. "Point-of-purchase displays in the FMCG sector: A retailer perspective." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c4_p2.
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Intense competition in the (fast-moving consumer goods) FMCG sector has prompted manufacturers and marketers to rely more heavily on point-of-purchase displays, an antecedent manipulation of the retail setting, to stimulate sales. Retailers, on the other hand, have become more discerning about the number and types of displays they will allow in their stores. There has been limited research on point-of-purchase displays in South Africa. This paper therefore examines retailers’ perceptions of point-of-purchase displays. Being an exploratory study, a survey was conducted among 100 supermarket owners and managers using a quantitative approach. It emerged that respondents believed that point-of-purchase displays drive in-store sales and contribute to retailers’ profits, as well as drive impulse purchases. It was found that point of purchase displays create an interactive retail experience, create brand loyalty and alone can drive sales without a price reduction. The results also indicate that point-of-purchase displays lead to clutter in stores and that marketers’ bargaining power influences point of purchase decisions in stores. Of concern was the perception that point-of-purchase displays did not cater for low literacy consumers.
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K.G., Bokana, and Kabongo W.N.S. "Modelling Real Private Consumption Expenditure in South Africa to Test the Absolute Income Hypothesis." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (2018): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2504.
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This paper explores, the hotly debated topic among economists and policymakers, whether fiscal and monetary policies impact on households by examining the relevance of the absolute income hypothesis in explaining private consumption expenditure and its relationship with household disposable income in South Africa. Worldwide, private consumption expenditure remains a big puzzle for leading consumption function theories. Friedman’s permanent income hypothesis posits that private consumption expenditure is not affected by how much consumers earn on a daily basis, but by what they expect to earn during their lifetime. Friedman’s permanent income hypothesis is at odds with Keynes’s absolute income hypothesis, that private consumption expenditure is affected by fiscal stimulus policies, which are effective for increasing economic activity and employment. Subscribing to the former underrates the potential power of fiscal stimulus policies and other monetary or trade policies that boost short-term income. The overarching objective of this paper is to ascertain whether patterns of private consumption expenditure in South Africa are determined by Friedman or Keynes’s theory. The paper specified econometric equations with quarterly seasonally adjusted data from the South African Reserve Bank for the sample period 1984 to 2015 and estimated them with cointegration techniques consisting of the Engle-Granger two-step approach. The importance of the paper and its scientific novelty are that it is more realistic since it specified models that take into account the reaction time of the dependent variable when the independent variable changes by imposing lags on the variables. The empirical results indicate that in South Africa, when household disposable income changes over time, private consumption expenditure depends more on a household’s previous disposable income than its current disposable income. The main empirical finding is that the absolute income hypothesis is not appropriate in explaining private consumption expenditure in this country. Even when the interest rate was included in a modified absolute income hypothesis, the overall estimates were not robust. Hence, estimates of the short- and long-run regression models were not consistent with the absolute income hypothesis. This is in line with arguments put forward in some extant studies using this model, that the fiscal stimulus policies might not generate the desired increased economic activity and employment. If households use money from the fiscal stimulus policies to bail themselves out of existing debts rather than consume additional goods and services which, would be the catalyzer to increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
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Teer-Tomaselli, Ruth, Keyan Tomaselli, and Mpumelelo Dludla. "Peripheral capital goes global: Naspers, globalisation and global media contraflow." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 8 (2019): 1142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719842072.
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Naspers, a South African media conglomerate worth US$64 billion in 2016, operates across a range of media and information platforms in 120 countries, including many ‘emerging markets’. Naspers is an exemplar of media markets’ contraflow, conceptualised as the movement of information, media content, consumer goods and capital from the ‘developing world’ into more developed markets. This study examines (a) how Naspers has diversified its core media holdings (print and satellite) into digital information service providers and e-commerce; (b) how this was achieved both globally and domestically; and (c) how this diversification allowed Naspers to maintain its pre-eminent position in the South African media market. South African financial magazine articles, between 2010 and 2014, reporting on Naspers’ globalisation are thematically examined with regard to globalisation, diversification, ownership and control and collaboration. These themes frame a political economy analysis of how Naspers penetrated, expanded and solidified its e-commerce business operations nationally and globally.
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Bruwer, Juan-Pierré, Philna Coetzee, and Jacolize Meiring. "Can internal control activities and managerial conduct influence business sustainability? A South African SMME perspective." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 5 (2018): 710–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-11-2016-0188.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the empirical relationships that exist between two of the elements of a sound internal control system, namely internal control activities and managerial conduct, and the perceived sustainability of South African small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from management and employees of 100 South African SMMEs operating in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods industry. All participants were interviewed by means of face-to-face structured interviews due to the complexity of the questions posed. Findings Only general management competencies have a relationship with the economic sustainability of these business entities. The rejection of three of the four hypotheses supports the current poor sustainability rate with approximately 75 per cent of South African SMMEs having to close their doors after being in operation for only three years. Originality/value As this study is the first of its kind for SMMEs, and although limited relationships were identified, it is crucial for management of SMMEs as well as government bodies that have an influence sphere over these entities, to ensure that SMME management incorporate crucial internal control activities and appropriate management conduct in their businesses.
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Phiri, Maxwell Agabu, and Degracia Khumalo. "Evaluation of social marketing objectives: A case study of the effectiveness of operation gcin’amanzi in soweto, South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c5p1.
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This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the social marketing goal in the implementation of Operation Gcin’amanzi (OGM) in Mofolo North, Soweto, South Africa. The paper is based on a quantitative in nature, although qualitative data was collected to confirm and clarify issues identified in the survey questionnaire. A process-based research approach was pursued in order to measure the impact of social marketing as a phenomenon that has been explored in changing consumer behaviour for the public good. Due to unsuccessful telephone calls to the Johannesburg Water’s communication centre (JW) there is a lack of information from them on specific studies or surveys conducted specifically on OGM since its inception. It is anticipated that the findings from this study will add value to the knowledge in the public sector by elevating the significant role of social marketing in the delivery of basic services projects. These projects are complex in nature as issues of equity, access and the impact on development have to be considered, unlike in traditional marketing approaches where it is the benefit and satisfaction of an individual consumer that is key.
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Petersen, Leif, and Andrew Charman. "The role of family in the township informal economy of food and drink in KwaMashu, South Africa." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 7-8 (2018): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2017-0068.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a qualitative investigation of family employment dynamics in the KwaMashu township economy. Design/methodology/approach Using a small area census research method, the researchers identified 1,556 businesses located in a settlement of 2 km2. Of these enterprises, 694 (45 percent) traded in fast moving consumer goods, notably food and/or drink. The main retailers were small shops (spaza shops) and liquor outlets (bars or shebeens), greengrocers, sellers of meat and poultry products, house shops, restaurants, takeaways and tuckshops. Firm surveys were conducted with 270 businesses in four predominant sectors: liquor retail, grocery retail, early childhood educators and hair care businesses. Findings The research found that 40 percent of the surveyed firms in these sectors employ family members on a full-time basis, whereas merely 26 percent of firms employ family members on a part-time basis. In the grocery retail sector, about half of family employees are remunerated on a wage basis, the other half are paid in-kind (40 paper of the total) or on a profit share arrangement. In liquor retail and educare sectors, the majority of family members are paid wages. Female-run enterprises employ less family members on a full-time basis (except in the grocery sector), yet employ more family members on a part-time basis with a higher portion of wages paid in-kind. Research limitations/implications Family plays an important role in township enterprises. Beyond direct employment, township enterprises fulfill an important social protection and neighborhood relationship function for business operators and their families. The familial relationship to micro-enterprises should be seen through the lens of bricolage (Gras and Nason, 2015). Originality/value In this respect, the authors confirm three benefits of family firms: the creation of social protection though family beneficiation, the provision of employment and work experience and the strategic use of family resources.
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Thlesenhusen, William C. "Have Agricultural Economists Neglected Poverty Issues? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4I (1991): 551–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4ipp.551-578.
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In the short term one can be pessimistic about the collective progress of the Third World and its interactions with industrial countries. There is plenty of bad news. With one-quarter of the world's population, industrialized countries consume about 80 percent of the world's goods. With three-quarters of the world's population, developing countries command less than one-quarter of the world's resources. And the imbalance is growing worse.! Of the 2.7 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions outside of China, 40 percent live in poverty; more than 14 million of their children under 5 years of age starve to death or die of disease each year? Furthermore, at the same time as an increasing proportion of the population of Africa is composed of young people (65 percent of its population is now under age 25), education budgets are being cut - from $ 10.8 billion in 1980 to $ 5.8 billion in 1986.3 In an article assessing the globalization of economies, Richard J. Barnet writes: "Poverty, population pressures, civil war, and repression are turning Sub-Saharan Africa - black Africa minus South Africa and Namibia - into a giant disaster zone, and in countries in South America, such as Colombia and Peru, the civil society is dissolving. In the Philippines more than seventy percent of the population is poor by any human standard. With the end of the Cold War, the increasing marginalization of the Third World appears likely."4 The predictions are ominous. Barnet concludes his article, written before the crisis in Iraq, by speaking to an industrial-country audience: "There is no real north-south dialogue, and politicians in the industrial world feel little pressure to begin one.
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Mpofu, Raphael Tabani. "Money supply, interest rate, exchange rate and oil price influence on inflation in South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 3 (2011): 594–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3c6p3.
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Price stability is critical for South Africa’s economic development strategy, and, based on previous studies, to effectively achieve this, requires a good understanding of the relationship between inflation and selected macroeconomic variables of broad money supply, interest rate, exchange rate and oil price. Monthly data are employed from January, 1999 through September, 2010. To determine this relationship, the independent variables were tested for multicollinearity, and thereafter a multiple regression model was developed. The findings from the study show that approximately 97% of the consumer price index movement is explained by the four macroeconomic variables. The study confirms that money supply and exchange rates have a strong positive relationship with inflation and have to be managed. Interest rates and oil price, on the other hand, have a significant negative relationship with inflation and should be part of a macroeconomic policy framework. This requires managing the delicate balance between a desirable level of inflation in support of economic growth and development and an unacceptable level of inflation that leads to price instability.
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Paganini, Nicole, Kustiwa Adinata, Nomonde Buthelezi, et al. "Growing and Eating Food during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Farmers’ Perspectives on Local Food System Resilience to Shocks in Southern Africa and Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208556.
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The COVID-19 outbreak forced governments to make decisions that had adverse effects on local food systems and supply chains. As a result, many small-scale food producers faced difficulties growing, harvesting, and selling their goods. This participatory research examines local small-scale farmers’ challenges as farmers but also as consumers and their coping strategies during the month of April and one week in June 2020. The study was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with small-scale farmer members of an existing research network in selected urban and rural areas in South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Indonesia. Participants co-designed the research, collected and uploaded data through digital survey tools, and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. A common observation across regions is that the measures imposed in response to COVID-19 highlighted and partly exacerbated existing socio-economic inequalities among food system actors. Strict lockdowns in Cape Town, South Africa, and Masvingo, Zimbabwe, significantly restricted the production capacity of small-scale farmers in the informal economy and created more food insecurity for them. In Maputo, Mozambique, and Toraja and Java, Indonesia, local food systems continued to operate and were even strengthened by higher social capital and adaptive capacities.
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Depren, Ozer, Mustafa Tevfik Kartal, and Serpil Kilig Depren. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Interest Rates in Bricst, Mint, and Fragile Five Countries: Evidence from Quantile Regression Analysis." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 1 (2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0005.
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Abstract As a substantially important indicator for economies, interest rates are influenced by a variety of macroeconomic factors. Considering this fact, the study aims to determine the influential macroeconomic determinants on deposit interest rates in emerging countries by using 12 independent macroeconomic determinants, yearly data between 1980 and 2018, and quantile regression method, which is applied for the first time to analyze interest rates. The empirical results show that influential determinants and their effects on the interest rate are differentiating for countries. The findings reveal that the most important factor in the interest rate is the consumer price index (CPI) in Turkey and Mexico; unemployment in Russia and China; total reserves in Nigeria; GDP in Indonesia; imports of goods and services in Brazil and South Africa. The results of the analysis emphasize the importance of macroeconomic indicators on the interest rates in each quantile. Taking measures by considering the findings of the study, which shows the role and importance of each macroeconomic indicator in quantiles, is essential to promote economic growth via ensuring low-level deposit interest rates and hence providing credit growth in emerging countries.
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Scheepers, Caren, and Melissa Reddy. "Influence Of Organisational Culture On Strategy Execution In A South African Organisation." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 35, no. 4 (2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v35i4.10305.
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Purpose: This study examines the effects of nine dimensions of organisational culture (uncertainty avoidance; gender egalitarianism; assertiveness; institutional collectivism; in-group collectivism; humane, future and achievement orientation; and power distance) on the dimensions of strategy execution (information sharing, leadership, rewards, performance, structure, employee commitment and coordination) within a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company.Design: A survey questionnaire covering demographics, organisational culture and strategy execution was distributed electronically. Following assessment of reliability and validity of the 281 completed questionnaires, Pearson correlation and a canonical correlation analyses were conducted using the nine dimensions of culture as predictors of strategy execution variables, to evaluate the multivariate shared relationship between the two variable sets.Findings: The findings indicate that the dimensions of organisational culture have a variation of strong, medium and weak associations with the dimensions of strategy execution. Achievement orientation was found to have the highest effect on strategy execution dimensions and the future planning orientation the second highest.Research limitations/implications: The major limitation was that the population was represented by one large organisation in the South African FMCG industry, thereby excluding other companies in this country and the results may not necessarily be generalised to other populations. Future studies could include more industries and countries.Practical implications: This study provides evidence that company management must place considerable emphasis on developing organisational culture dimensions that have a positive impact on strategy execution.Originality/value: The study reveals that achievement and future planning orientated cultures have a significant influence on strategy execution.
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Rogozhin, A. A. "Southeast Asia and Africa – Trade and Investment Relations in the XXIst Century." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (2018): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-200-218.
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In the twenty-first century African countries have not only taken a significant step forward in their economic development as a whole, but have also strengthened their positions in the world economy. One manifestation of this is the emergence of new foreign economic partners for African countries. African countries have become more interesting, not only for Asian giants – China and India, but also for Southeast Asia countries, which have just recently started their outward expansion. The main purpose of this study is to create an initial, most general panorama of how trade and investment relations between the Southeast Asian and African countries developed in the new century. As regard for trade, we used a quite complete statistical database under the auspices of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Southeast Asia was represented by all 10 of ASEAN member-countries. The African continent was portrayed by 47 countries. A comprehensive analysis of the statistical data showed that the trade operations of Southeast Asian countries with their African partners were profitable for them: in 2010–2016 they had a permanent surplus on these operations. It was found that in 2010–2016. the main partners of African countries were Thailand (with turnover of 69 billion dollars.). Singapore ($64 billion)) and Malaysia ($48 billion).). Companies from Southeast Asian countries expect to expand on the African continent, taking into account, in particular, the following factors: the need to enlarge and diversify their imports of oil and gas. as well as some types of industrial raw materials that are not available in Southeast Asia; constantly growing opportunities to expand exports of their goods, in order to meet growing consumer demand in African countries; Southeast Asian exporters expect a significant expansion of their exports following the entry into force of the African Continental Free Trade Area) in 2022. As for investment links, we were forced to gather by trifles everything concerned about Southeast Asian investments on African continent. Reliable generalizing statistics on this segment of economic relations either do not exist, or it is not available to research community. As a result of monitoring of investment contacts, it was possible to collect the final material giving a short overview of this process.
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Tshishonga, Ndwakhulu. "THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF SKHOTHANE ON YOUTH’S (UNDER)DEVELOPMENT AT EKURHULENI’S TO WNSHIP(S) OF SOUTH AFRICA." Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, no. 2 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1143.
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This article examines the socio-economic implications that the controversial sub-culture of skhothane has on the development or underdevelopment of youth at Ekurhuleni and surrounding townships. It interrogates skhothane within the post-modern expressive youth culture. In the township(s) of Ekurhuleni, skhothane is regarded not only as a controversial sub-culture but also as a lifestyle whereby young people compete in acquiring material goods with the ultimate purpose of destroying them. This practice co-exists alongside youth unemployment and underdevelopment which is exacerbated by poverty, rising unemployment and gross inequalities. The author argues that the practice of skhothane sub-culture does not only undermine the policies and programmes aimed at the socio-economic upliftment of young people, but turns the youth into materialistic consumers. In this article, young people are viewed as victims of post-modern lifestyles who are socialised under an intergenerational culture of poverty and underdevelopment. It uses primary data from selected interviews with skhothane members and general members of local communities and secondary sources from books, accredited journals and newspapers.
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Cant, Michael Colin, and Catherine Mpolokeng Sephapo. "Consumers’ expenditure patterns and shopping preferences in underdeveloped urban areas: The critical case of Tshwane." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 1 (2012): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c4art6.
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This paper investigates the household expenditure patterns and shopping preferences of consumers residing in underdeveloped blackurban areas in the Tshwane area. Black households are already by far the largest group in the middle-income (LSM 5-8) market, where their numbers continue to grow steadily (Chase, Legoete& van Wamelen, 2010:2). Past research provides oddments of general spending patterns in South Africa among the population at large; however, this study focuses specifically on the area of Tshwane. Although the sample size was not representative of the entire population, the results provide a picture of what and how black consumers residing in this area spend their household income. A quantitative approach was used for this study where a survey questionnaire was used as a method for collecting data. The results showed that although the income of the sample population was not high, basic needs were fulfilled and the concept of keeping costs low did not come at the expense of the quality of goods and services.