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Journal articles on the topic 'Consumer lifetime value'
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Emokiniovo, Aganbi Victor. "Building Consumer Lifetime Value through Brand Communications." Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies 5, no. 12 (2017): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0039978.
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Zhang, Jason Q., Ashutosh Dixit, and Roberto Friedmann. "Customer Loyalty and Lifetime Value: An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Packaged Goods." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 18, no. 2 (2010): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679180202.
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Sunder, Sarang, V. Kumar, and Yi Zhao. "Measuring the Lifetime Value of a Customer in the Consumer Packaged Goods Industry." Journal of Marketing Research 53, no. 6 (2016): 901–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0641.
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Johnson, Trent E., and Susan E. P. Bastian. "A fine wine instrument – an alternative for segmenting the Australian wine market." International Journal of Wine Business Research 27, no. 3 (2015): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2014-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of the study was to devise an instrument, labelled the Fine Wine Instrument (FWI), to measure the fine wine behaviour of respondents and then use that base to segment the consumer sample. The behaviour of those respondents who scored highly on the FWI was examined in detail. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey collected quantitative information from a convenience sample of Australian wine consumers (n = 1,017). Using the FWI as the segmentation base, cluster analysis identified three segments of consumers, denoted “Wine Enthusiasts”, “Aspirants” and “No Frills” wine drinkers, and their respective wine-related behaviours were examined. Findings – The Wine Enthusiasts’ segment consumed more wine, spent more money on wine and were more knowledgeable about wine than the other two segments. The demographics of the Wine Enthusiasts’ segment indicated that the members were not consistent with the conventional view of wine connoisseurs, as many were under the age of 35. Their lifetime value to the wine industry was highlighted along with potential targeting strategies. Some structural elements of the Australian domestic wine market were also noted. Practical implications – A segmentation base of a wine market is presented, which the authors argue provides a more sophisticated analysis than other commonly used segmentation bases. Originality/value – This study was the first to segment the Australian market using the recently developed FWI. The study provides the latest information on this market and deeper consumer insights that may permit better business-to-consumer engagement.
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Невоструев, П., P. Nevostruev, Ж. Мусатова, and Zh Musatova. "Managing the Lifelong Value of Customers Through Increased Satisfaction with Quality and Speed of Feedback." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 7, no. 1 (2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ad9e12cf3ea99.36883382.
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In the modern conditions of IT development marketers get an opportunity to thoroughly study the metrics of consumer behavior. There are new approaches to determining the effectiveness of marketing activities, including the evaluation of profitability. The modern analytical approach allows to define lifetime value of the client (LTV) and, compare it with expenses for attraction. One of the key tasks of marketing activities is managing the lifetime value, especially the desire to increase this metric.Despite the fact that not all factors influencing the lifetime value are manageable by the company, it is necessary to maximize the efficiency of work in this direction taking into account the already used tools, and the feedback is the most important one. Within the framework of this article, a research of the requirements that customers make for feedback is made, satisfaction of which is a necessary condition for increasing the lifetime value.
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Ghosh, Arundhati, and Srinath Naidu. "Customer Lifetime Value Prediction: A Study on Multiple Brands Purchase of Consumer Packaged Goods." International Journal of Innovative Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 8 (2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.29027/ijirase.v3.i8.2020.510-513.
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Yang, Hsiao-Pei, Dorothy Yen, and John M. T. Balmer. "Higher education: a once-in-a-lifetime purchase." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 23, no. 4 (2020): 865–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-12-2017-0169.
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Purpose Drawing on infrequent purchase and university selection literature, the purpose of this study is to make theoretical contributions to the identification and comprehension of the ‘once-in-a-lifetime purchase’ (OILP) phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach Data derived from in-depth interviews with 34 Taiwanese and 11 Chinese students over two phases suggest that an OILP qualitatively differs from other purchases. Findings The principal traits of OILP are quadripartite in character: zero-repurchase intention; permanency of purchase; high social pressure and extensive information search. The results contribute to the theoretical understanding of the higher education (HE) sector as one type of OILP provider, and managerial implications are discussed specifically for the HE institutions. Practical implications Marketing managers of HE institutions should be cognisant of the range of information collected by prospective OILP customers from a variety of different sources. Prospective students who are OILP customers perceive non-marketing information as more reliable than marketing promotional materials and will better assist them during their decision making. Originality/value The paper makes explicit theoretical and instrumental contributions to our identification and comprehension of the OILP phenomenon, thus shedding new light on studies of consumer purchase decision literature. It also extends previous understanding of HE marketing by showing that choosing an HE degree is, in fact, an OILP and, as such, requires a new way of approaching prospective students as consumers.
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Muranko, Żaneta, Catriona Tassell, Anouk Zeeuw van der Laan, and Marco Aurisicchio. "Characterisation and Environmental Value Proposition of Reuse Models for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods: Reusable Packaging and Products." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052609.
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Problem: Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) are products that are purchased and consumed frequently to satisfy continuous consumer demand. In a linear economy, FMCGs are typically offered as single-use and disposable products. Limitations in product design, insufficient collection systems, and inefficient recovery processes prevent high recycling rates. As a result, FMCGs often end up in landfill or the environment, contributing to waste accumulation, and pollution. Whilst recycling is the most common waste prevention strategy practiced by the industry, the process is limited to addressing only the final stage of the product life cycle, omitting the overproduction and consumption of materials typical of FMCGs. Instead, reuse is a strategy that is capable of extending the value of resources by slowing material flows. Novel reuse models that require the consumer to interact with durable primary packaging and products are emerging in the FMCG industry. However, the constituent elements and operation principles of such reuse models are not fully understood. The aim of this research is to develop a comprehensive characterisation of reuse models and to evaluate their potential to deliver environmental value. Method: Ninety-two reuse offerings were selected and analysed to identify their reuse system elements. The analysis led to the identification of a framework including five reuse models, which were also evaluated to establish their capability to deliver environmental value when compared to conventional single-use and disposable FMCGs. Results: Currently in the FMCG sector, reusable products are mostly durable packaging, such as bottles and containers for beverages, foods, personal and home care goods, and are infrequently durable products, such as personal and baby care goods, including razors and nappies. Three reuse models involve exclusive reuse, a behaviour by which a reusable product is used and kept by a single user throughout the product lifetime. In exclusive reuse models, users are provided with either a reusable product (model 1), a reusable product with preparation for reuse infrastructure (model 2), or access to preparation for reuse infrastructure (model 3). Two reuse models involve sequential reuse, a behaviour by which a reusable product is used by multiple users throughout the product lifetime and returned after each use to a provider. In sequential reuse models, users are provided with either a reusable product with preparation for reuse infrastructure and provider-operated recovery services (model 4), or a reusable product and provider-operated services for recovery and preparation for reuse (model 5). Whilst the five reuse models can operate standalone, some offerings were found to embed a multi-model approach. Both exclusive and sequential reuse models are capable of delivering environmental value by reducing the use of natural resources and retaining their value in the economy. In particular, sequential reuse models were found to have a greater capability to increase the share of recyclable resources by offering access to infrastructure for the closure of material loops. Conclusions: Consumers can currently access five reuse models and choose between exclusive and sequential reuse behaviours. When adopted in conjunction with recycling, reuse models can enable a more efficient consumption of FMCGs. Providing the infrastructure necessary to enable reuse and recycling is key to the successful and sustainable deployment of the reuse models.
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Jin, Lawrence, Don Kenkel, Feng Liu, and Hua Wang. "Retrospective and Prospective Benefit-Cost Analyses of U.S. Anti-Smoking Policies." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 6, no. 1 (2015): 154–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2014.1.
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Regulatory policies designed to improve societal welfare by “nudging” consumers to make better choices are increasingly popular. The application of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) to this sort of regulation confronts difficult theoretical and applied issues. In this analysis we contribute a worked example of behavioral BCA of U.S. anti-smoking policies. Our conceptual framework extends the standard market-based approach to BCA to allow for individual failures to make lifetime-utility-maximizing choices of cigarette consumption. We discuss how our market-based approach compares to the health benefits approach and the “consumer surplus offset” controversy in recent BCAs of several health-related regulations. We use a dynamic population model to make counterfactual simulations of smoking prevalence rates and cigarette demand over time. In our retrospective BCA the simulation results imply that the overall impact of anti-smoking policies from 1964 to 2010 is to reduce the total cigarette consumption by 28%. At a discount rate of 3% the 1964–present value of the consumer benefits from anti-smoking policies through 2010 is estimated to be $573 billion ($2010). Although we are unable to develop a hard estimate of the policies’ costs, we discuss evidence that suggests the consumer benefits substantially outweigh the costs. We then turn to a prospective BCA of future anti-smoking Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. At a discount rate of 3%, the 2010–present value of the consumer benefits 30 years into the future from a simulated FDA tobacco regulation is estimated to be $100 billion. However, the nature of potential FDA tobacco regulations suggests that they might impose additional costs on consumers that make it less clear that the net benefits of the regulations will be positive.
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Arli, Denni, Fandy Tjiptono, and Warat Winit. "Consumer ethics among young consumers in developing countries: a cross national study." Social Responsibility Journal 11, no. 3 (2015): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-05-2013-0059.
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Purpose – The present study aims to examine the similarities and differences between young consumers in Indonesia and Thailand based on actionable and strategy-yielding marketing variables (e.g. Machiavellianism, ethical orientations, trust, opportunism and materialism) and, second, it examined the impact of these variables on consumer ethics. Design/methodology/approach – A convenience sample of university students from a large private university in Yogyakarta (Indonesia) and a large public university in Chiang Mai (Thailand) were asked to complete a survey that incorporated scales to measure consumers’ ethical beliefs, specifically, Machiavellianism, ethical orientation, opportunism, trust and materialism, as well as demographic classification questions. Findings – The findings showed that young Indonesian and Thai consumers display similarities on most of the constructs. Moreover, the study found that personal moral philosophies (i.e. idealism and relativism) and trust strongly influence their judgment in ethically intense situations in both countries. Research limitations/implications – The current study has several limitations, especially the use of convenience sampling that may limit the generalizability of the findings. Students in Indonesia and Thailand may behave differently from general consumers or other cohorts with regards to their ethical judgments. Practical implications – Because personal ethical positions are developed over a lifetime of experiences in dealing with and resolving moral issues, schools and universities should intervene and educate youth on acting in ways that are consistent with moral rules. Currently, universities and schools in Indonesia and Thailand and many other countries in developing countries do not promote this knowledge to students. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies exploring consumer ethics in Indonesia and Thailand.
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Hassan, Yusuf, and Jatin Pandey. "Examining the engagement of young consumers for religiously sanctioned food: the case of halal food in India." Young Consumers 21, no. 2 (2019): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-01-2019-0940.
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Purpose Religion plays an important role in promoting and inhibiting consumption of goods and services. Halal food, for instance, represents one such food permitted by Islam. Within a broader category of consumers for religiously sanctioned products such as halal food, young consumers represent an important segment, as they have a high lifetime value, thereby requiring special attention. This study aims to identify and examine individual and social factors that can foster young consumer’s engagement for halal products. Design/methodology/approach An inductive research approach using the Gioia method has been used to develop broader themes for discussion. The authors have also proposed a model for engaging young consumers for religiously sanctioned dietary products. Findings The paper provides empirical insights into the interplay of identities and value sources that encourages or forbids consumer engagement for halal products. Practical implications Globally, the halal food industry has been estimated to be worth $580bn, and it is growing at an average rate of 7 per cent annually. Marketers, thus, need to be aware of diverse consumers’ needs to provide a customized offering; they have to cater to adherent customers of these religiously sanctioned products by being sensitive to intricacies that make such food items consumable. The study will help marketers to better align their promotional strategies with the needs and requirement of young consumers. Originality/value In this paper, the authors have operationalized repeated interaction and associated consumption in the context of halal food to understand how religion and other factors play a role in strengthening or weakening consumer engagement. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has been done to understand young consumer’s engagement for halal food products in the Indian context. India being a land of multi-religion and multi-culture, such studies can provide rich insights.
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Brusselaers, Jan, Ellen Bracquene, Jef Peeters, and Yoko Dams. "Economic consequences of consumer repair strategies for electrical household devices." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 4 (2019): 747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-12-2018-0283.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent a consumer’s repair strategy impacts the annual costs of ownership of a washing machine and two types of vacuum cleaner. Design/methodology/approach The annual cost of ownership is determined by calculating the annual life cycle cost (LCC) for the respective devices. The annual LCCs of the different scenarios allow a comparison of the different repair strategy options. A Monte Carlo simulation is run to introduce parameter variability. The device’s failure rate is estimated by a combination of data sets on the devices’ performance. Findings Results demonstrate that the repair of the devices considered is a more favourable option over replacement. A consumer who aims for the lowest annual LCC should allow for a high number of repairs per device, without putting a maximum on the cost per repair. However, the consumer should become more cautious when a device approaches the end of its expected lifetime. Finally, the purchase of warranty can be interesting when the warranty covers a sufficiently long proportion of the device’s (expected) lifetime and when its cost does not exceed a threshold proportion of the initial purchase price. Research limitations/implications The costs for repair might be overestimated. Future research can focus on the reduction of repair costs following self-repair. Practical implications The results provide strong arguments in favour of repair instead of replacement of broken devices. Originality/value This is the first research to quantify the influence of consumer behaviour in the context of repair of devices on the ownership costs of these devices.
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Alakoski, Leena, and Irma Tikkanen. "End consumer’s value creation in a nature-based tourism service." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 2, no. 1 (2019): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-04-2018-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of end consumer’s value creation in the context of Finnish nature-based tourism from the viewpoint of the customer-dominant logic (CD logic) of service. Design/methodology/approach Existing research on the CD logic of service and value creation, consumer value and value creation as a hierarchical process is reviewed. The exploratory research design was applied. The data were constituted of 40 end consumers’ interviews. Based on the means-end chain model, a laddering interview was applied. Findings The findings indicated that end consumer’s value created in a nature-based tourism service included five final value categories. Those categories were related to emotions and feelings, enjoyment, fun and even lifetime memories. They indicated long-term characteristics of value, individually created value, collective experience and shared value. Practical implications The findings increased understanding of end consumer’s value creation as a process. The paper provided ideas for developing better nature-based tourism service offerings, value propositions and insights into end consumer’s value creation in terms of individual and shared value. The findings are valuable for nature-based tourism researchers and stakeholders. Originality/value New knowledge on end consumer’s value creation process was created by presenting the hierarchical value maps. The five final value categories indicated the value-in-use. The final value categories emphasised either individual or shared value, which included the end consumer’s life and previous experiences. The preliminary findings will help to develop hypotheses and research problems for future research.
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Nenonen, Suvi, and Kaj Storbacka. "Management of customer assets for increased value capture in business markets." Management Decision 52, no. 1 (2014): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2013-0213.
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Purpose – The last two decades have seen a surge of interest in the concept of value in business markets. Furthermore, extant literature suggests that value capture can be conceptualized as the return on the firm's customer assets. However, the existing customer asset management literature has a strong bias towards consumer markets. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual framework for managing customer assets for improved value capture in a business market context, and to illustrate the use of the framework empirically. Design/methodology/approach – The authors approach the topic with conceptual development and a longitudinal case illustration from a globally operating forestry product firm. Findings – The findings of the study indicate that B2B firms can increase their value capture by dividing their customer base into customer portfolios, which are managed with differentiated customer management concepts targeted to increase the economic profit contribution of each customer portfolio. Practical implications – The business practitioners in B2B contexts are likely to find the proposed customer portfolio approach to managing the customer assets more approachable than the prevailing customer lifetime models. In order to gain maximum value capture benefits from portfolio-specific customer management concepts, they should be approached cross-functionally instead of limiting them to the domains of marketing and sales. Originality/value – The study contributes to literature on value capture and customer asset management by providing a framework for managing customer assets for increased value capture that is applicable to business markets and circumvents the majority of challenges associated with the customer lifetime value models.
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Starcevic, Sladjana. "The importance of understanding the consumers’ extended self and how it changes under the influence of digital technologies." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 169 (2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1969059s.
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Extended self is an important psychological-marketing construct that explains the relation between a consumer?s self-concept and possessions, i.e. the importance consumers ascribe to possessions in their lives. Extended self does not comprise of material goods solely, but rather an individual?s body, their internal processes, ideas, locations, experiences, and other persons. Although this topic is of high importance for understanding the consumers? behaviour, it has not been covered in the domestic scientific literature. The aim of this paper is to critically analyse the concept of extended self and to unite the newer studies with studies that had been carried out before digital technologies were used intensively. Meta-analysis was used as a main method of research, for the purpose of integrating the findings of a large number of individual studies and making an objective synthesis of the results. The analysis has shown that the extended self consists of several layers, hierarchy of which differing between individuals, depending on the importance ascribed to certain forms of possessions. During a lifetime, the construct of extended self changes. Besides the individual self-concept, it is important to observe the group extended self. The introduction of digital technologies has significantly modified the construct of consumers? extended self. It has been influenced by dematerialisation of goods, mass communication and information sharing with many people, and with the possibility of completely masking one?s personal identity online. A good knowledge of the extended self can significantly help marketing researchers to conduct more detailed quantitative and qualitative research of the consumer?s behavior, which is the core value of this paper.
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Bauer, Johannes C., Marc Linzmajer, Liane Nagengast, Thomas Rudolph, and Elena D'Cruz. "Gamifying the digital shopping experience: games without monetary participation incentives increase customer satisfaction and loyalty." Journal of Service Management 31, no. 3 (2020): 563–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-10-2018-0347.
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PurposeMany marketplace examples suggest that using gamification in the online retail shopping context boosts sales and positively affects customer loyalty. Nevertheless, more research is needed to understand the effects of digital games on consumer behavior and their underlying psychological mechanisms. Therefore, this article explores how combining games and monetary rewards impacts customer satisfaction, loyalty and word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions.Design/methodology/approachTo test our hypotheses, we designed two online laboratory experiments to stimulate an online shopping situation, as gamification in online retailing has the potential to affect an important set of outcomes for service firms throughout the consumer decision process (Hofacker et al., 2016).FindingsThe results of two lab experiments demonstrate that playing a shopping-related game without monetary participation incentive positively influences all three relational outcomes because games enhance consumers' enjoyment of the overall shopping experience. However, our findings also show that monetary rewards used to incentivize game participation diminish these effects. Gamification loses its positive effects if games are combined with monetary rewards, as consumers no longer play games to derive inherent enjoyment, but rather the extrinsic motivation of receiving a discount. We draw managerial implications about how gamification effectively and profitably fosters strong customer relationships and thus increases customer lifetime value and equity.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is the first to investigate the combined effects of gamification and price discounts that require consumers to play the game in order to receive the discount. Focusing on an online shopping context, this article contributes to research on motivation by providing new and more nuanced insights into the psychological process underlying the gamification effects on consumer' long-term attitudes (i.e. satisfaction) and relational behaviors (i.e. positive WOM and loyalty) toward a retailer.Practical implicationsBased on our findings, we provide recommendations for marketers that explain how gamification can be a profitable and efficient tool to foster strong customer relationships. Retail managers should use gamification as a less costly alternative to typical price discounts.Originality/valueTwo laboratory experiments investigate how the separate and combined use of games and price discounts affects consumers' satisfaction, positive WOM intentions and loyalty. Playing a shopping-related game increases satisfaction with the retailer and positive WOM intentions as well as loyalty. Monetary rewards used to incentivize game participation eliminate the positive effects of gamification.
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Fullerton, Gordon. "Using latent commitment profile analysis to segment bank customers." International Journal of Bank Marketing 38, no. 3 (2019): 627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2019-0135.
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Purpose Allen and Meyer’s (1990) three component model of organizational commitment is now well accepted in the study of consumer–service provider relationships (Keiningham et al., 2015). Commitment profiling is a “person-centered approach” to commitment (Meyer et al., 2012) which examines groups of individuals who share similar commitment mindsets. The purpose of this paper is to apply commitment profile methodology to the analysis of customer–firm relationships in the context of financial services. Design/methodology/approach This method was applied with customer data collected as part of a nation-wide panel study of consumer financial service relationships in Canada. In total, 428 banking customers participated in this study. Findings This study identified five distinct bank customer commitment profiles (fully committed, affective commitment dominant, continuance commitment dominant, moderately committed and uncommitted) that varied in both size and behaviors and intentions. Research limitations/implications This is an exploration of commitment profiling as a technique to understand the ways in which consumers differ in terms of their commitment mindsets and behavior. It has application to a wide range of service relationships beyond financial services. Practical implications This has applications for market segmentation on the basis of customer commitment mindsets in many service sectors, but banking in particular. Since financial institutions have adopted various techniques to measure customer lifetime value (CLV), it would be appropriate to understand how various commitment profiles (segments) are linked to CLV. Originality/value While commitment profiling is a well-developed approach in understanding the nature of the firm–employee employment relationships, this is an early and exploratory attempt at applying this method in the context of a customer–financial service provider marketing relationship. This is a novel way of understanding bank customer segments in terms of their felt commitment to the financial institution with which they do business.
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Hasan, Towhid, Marjia Sultana, Lincon Chandra Shill, and Sara Sultana. "Consumption of energy drink and associated factors." Nutrition & Food Science 50, no. 1 (2019): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-02-2019-0042.
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Purpose Energy drink (ED) consumption has become a common trend, especially among the youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was undertaken to assess the ED consumption pattern among the university students and investigate the independent predictors for their preference of such drinks. Design/methodology/approach It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 323 students from various departments of Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Findings Among students, about 57 per cent were male, and mostly between 21-23 years. About 31 per cent of the students had never consumed ED, while 69 per cent had consumed such drinks at least once in their lifetime. Only 31.4 per cent of the ever consumer had knowledge of its components, and 14.3 per cent of them did not know the negative effects of ED. Bivariate analysis identified the variables that were significantly associated with students’ consumption of ED. Taking the significant factors into a multivariate model, the risks of ED consumption were male gender (OR = 3.82; 95 per cent CI = 2.24 − 6.52), longer study duration in university (OR = 1.02; 95 per cent CI = 1.00 − 1.03) and doing regular physical activity (OR = 1.69; 95 per cent CI = 1.04 − 2.75). Originality/value High consumption of ED among university students is evident, yet their perception regarding components and potential health hazards of such drinks is opaque. This study results suggest the necessity of formulating policy and intervention strategies concentrating on the predictors of ED consumption to promote consciousness about ingredients and related health effects of ED among students of all levels in Bangladesh and other countries as well.
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Wójcik-Augustyniak, Marzena, Marek Szajczyk, Alenka Ojstršek, and Marjan Leber. "LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF METALLISED TEXTILES. THE CASE STUDY OF MATUROLIFE PROJECT." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie 50, no. 50 (2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/zn.2019.50.01.
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This article provides an overview of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method which supports manufacturers’ environmental information needs by evaluation of the environmental aspects and potential influences throughout the lifetime of the product. In the article results are presented of the first phase of the life cycle assessment of metallised textiles and the context for the analysis is a new project: „Metallisation of Textiles to make Urban living for Older people more Independent & Fashionable – MATUROLIFE”, implemented under the HORIZON 2020 Programme – “Advanced materials & innovative design for improved functionality & aesthetics in high added value consumer goods”.The article presents the most important assumptions for assessing the environmental effects associated with the metallization of various textiles, including primarily electroless copper coating, by calculating the demand for materials and energy, and taking into account emissions to air, water and soil, and by assessing their impact on the environment. The use of LCA as a management tool with great potential for making decisions within strategic business planning was analyzed.
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Fewtrell, M. S. "Session 6: Infant nutrition: future research developments in Europe EARNEST, the early nutrition programming project: EARly Nutrition programming – long-term Efficacy and Safety Trials and integrated epidemiological, genetic, animal, consumer and economic research." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 66, no. 3 (2007): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665107005708.
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Increasing evidence from lifetime experimental studies in animals and observational and experimental studies in human subjects suggests that pre- and postnatal nutrition programme long-term health. However, key unanswered questions remain on the extent of early-life programming in contemporary European populations, relevant nutritional exposures, critical time periods, mechanisms and the effectiveness of interventions to prevent or reverse programming effects. The EARly Nutrition programming – long-term Efficacy and Safety Trials and integrated epidemiological, genetic, animal, consumer and economic research (EARNEST) consortium brings together a multi-disciplinary team of scientists from European research institutions in an integrated programme of work that includes experimental studies in human subjects, modern prospective observational studies and mechanistic animal work including physiological studies, cell-culture models and molecular techniques. Theme 1 tests early nutritional programming of disease in human subjects, measuring disease markers in childhood and early adulthood in nineteen randomised controlled trials of nutritional interventions in pregnancy and infancy. Theme 2 examines associations between early nutrition and later outcomes in large modern European population-based prospective studies, with detailed measures of diet in pregnancy and early life. Theme 3 uses animal, cellular and molecular techniques to study lifetime effects of early nutrition. Biomedical studies are complemented by studies of the social and economic importance of programming (themes 4 and 5), and themes encouraging integration, communication, training and wealth creation. The project aims to: help formulate policies on the composition and testing of infant foods; improve the nutritional value of infant formulas; identify interventions to prevent and reverse adverse early nutritional programming. In addition, it has the potential to develop new products through industrial partnerships, generate information on the social and economic cost of programming in Europe and help maintain Europe's lead in this critical area of research.
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Saxena, Paridhi, Abhishek Seth, Gangesh Chawla, and Ranganath Singari. "Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Processing of Health Insurance Claim." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 5, no. 2 (2020): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie202004241.
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The health insurance industry protects against financial losses resulting from various health conditions. Since a long, it has relied on statistics and data to calculate risks and thereby, centre attention more profoundly on a particular target audience for increasing the operational efficiency of the industry. Technologies like Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence prove to be an efficient tool for enabling insurance companies to predict the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). This can be done using customer lifestyle behaviour data allowing to assess the customer's potential profitability for insurance companies. This creates a more personalised marketing offer within the audience. The insurance industry and its components constitute a dynamic and competitive sector representing approximately 2.7 percent of the US Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As customers have become progressively scrupulous about narrowing down their specific requirements, insurers and insurance companies are scrutinizing techniques for improving business operations and consumer satisfaction. An attempt in this regard has been made to analyse the “sample insurance claim prediction dataset" using various machine learning models including Decision tree, Random Forest algorithms, Naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbour algorithm, Supper Vector machines and Neural Networks. A comparative analysis is performed to generate reports.
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Duman, Elifcan, and Can Altınelataman. "The effect of green tea extract on the quality of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets in cold storage conditions." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, no. 3 (2020): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.3.04.
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Despite its high nutritional value, antioxidants are used in aquaculture products that have a short lifetime, as in other foods, to maintain quality during preservation. The purpose of this study; It is to observe the oxidative stability of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets at 0-4 ℃ using green tea extract obtained by classical brewing method, which is a method that can be applied by the consumer with ease. Determined concentrations (0.4-0.8-1.2 g / ml) and immersion times (10-20 min) green tea extract is applied and the fillets stored at 0-4 Thiobarbituric acid reagents (TBARs) analysis, sensory analysis and color analysis were performed on days 0, 3, 6 and 9 of storage. Depending on the literature, although no significant effect is expected, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) analysis was also performed additionally. As a result of the analyzes, significant differences were found when the TBARs results of all samples with green tea extract applied were compared with the results of the control group after 9 days of storage (p <0.05). At the end of storage, the 4th group (0.8% g / ml-20min) gave the best results with 0.31 ± 0.009 μ mol MDA / g and there is a significant difference was found between the other groups (p <0.05). Green tea extract; As expected, it was determined that it did not have a significant antimicrobial and sensory effect. The color values caused a negative increase in the a * value, which expresses its green color as expected due to the color substances in its content, and a positive increase in the b * values, which express the yellow color. As a result of this study, it was found that green tea extract can be used as natural antioxidant in sea bass fillets.
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Kosker, Ali Rıza. "Evaluation of metal levels of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris): health risks estimation." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, no. 3 (2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.3.05.
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The levels of 13 different metals (Mg, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Al, Cr, As, Cd and Pb) in mantle and arm tissues of Octopus vulgaris species, which were caught from Mersin Bay in winter, spring and summer seasons, were determined. The results were compared between the tissues and seasons. Potential health risks of consumption of common octopus, which is an economically important species, were evaluated with the possibility that adult and child consumers will consume common octopus 1, 3 or 5 days a week. In this context, Estimated Weekly Intake Level (EWI), non-carcinogenic Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Lifetime Carcinogenic Risk (CR) were determined. Pb level was found to be above the limit level determined by FAO, EU and Turkish Food Codex. EWI values were found to be below the PTWI values determined by EFSA and FAO / WHO. THQ and ∑THQ values, which are indicative of non-cancer health risks for consumers, were determined as <1. In terms of carcinogenic risk, it was determined that these values (> 10-5) for As, Cr and Cd elements pose a carcinogenic risk to the consumer, but Pb values do not pose a risk.
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Nickell, David, and Wesley J. Johnston. "An attitudinal approach to determining Sponsorship ROI." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, no. 1 (2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-11-2018-0512.
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Purpose Using multi-wave survey data, the authors quantified the financial impact of a sponsorship. The purpose of this paper is to predict the number of new buyers based upon changed brand attitudes, consistent with a hierarchy of effects model. The authors then established the financial return on the sponsorship spending by estimating the customer lifetime value (CLV) of these new buyers. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected the data around a major college football bowl game. Six phases of data collection were used to determine purchasing behavior and brand attitudes of attendees before and after the sponsored event, in comparison to television viewers of the event and the general public. The authors applied Lavidge and Elrick’s (1961) attitudinal constructs as the independent variables in a logistic regression to predict future purchase. The final data collection was used to validate the model’s prediction. Findings The findings show that the model accurately predicted the number of new customers after one buying cycle for the sponsor’s products. The authors also quantified the positive impact of the sponsorship on the CLV of existing customers within the same time frame. Originality/value The managerial implications of this study are significant. Sponsorships are highly risky, with fixed outlays up front, and unclear benefits to be realized in the future. The authors provide a methodology that not only allows sponsors to measure the effectiveness of the sponsorship, but to determine the return on their sponsorship investment. The authors have taken consumer behavior theory from marketing communications research and combined it with CLV tools, thus allowing marketers to determine the number of new customers that a sponsorship generates, as well as how it influences the buying patterns that drive CLV.
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Lee, Seung Hwan (Shawn). "An Exploration of Initial Purchase Price Dispersion and Service-Subscription Duration." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (2019): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092481.
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Despite the readily available consumer price information, price dispersion persists for products and services and has been extensively researched. However, there is scant literature on the influence of price dispersion on consumer behavior. The present study uses actual consumer purchase data of software service subscriptions and applies range–frequency principles to investigate how a customer’s price and relative position along a distribution at initial subscription might impact their subscription lifetimes. The study findings reveal that, in general, consumers paying higher initial prices retain their subscriptions longer, confirming the relationship between a consumer’s service value expectation and search cost. However, the amount of a consumer’s paid prices relative to that of other consumers’ can be helpful in predicting subscription duration. Consumers paying a relatively high price compared with others with similar subscription beginning dates have shorter subscription durations, which raise a concern regarding use of individual customer’s price information. The study suggests that principles of range–frequency theory are useful for comprehensively integrating price dispersion information. One interesting and counterintuitive implication of our analysis is that advantaged-price inequities (where the focal customer’s paid price is lower compared to another customer’s paid price) can also raise concerns about unfairness.
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Lee, Yun Doo, M. Kabir Hassan, and Shari Lawrence. "Retirement preparation of men and women in their positive savings periods." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 3 (2018): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-12-2016-0266.
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Purpose This study analyzes financial preparation for retirement of American men and women, using the 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). The purpose of this paper is to research the adequacy of retirement preparation for men and women in their positive savings periods. Design/methodology/approach This research uses probit analysis and multiple regression models to observe the statistical significance of several independent variables on retirement savings. The specific variables of analysis are socio-demographic, work related, financial assets, and attitudes about saving and investing for a sub-sample of individuals aged 35–45, 46–59, and 60–67. Findings For retirement preparation, income is a significant factor for both men and women aged 35–45. Excellent health is significant for both men and women aged 46–59, whereas the number of weeks worked per year was significant for men and women aged 60–67. In addition, health has significant positive effects on the amount of financial wealth invested in stocks while age has significant negative effects. Research limitations/implications This research uses data from the 2013 SCF to analyze factors affecting retirement preparation for men and women in their positive savings periods. The findings from this study can aid policy makers in designing retirement saving programs that can effectively incentivize individuals for adequately prepare for retirement. Originality/value Previous studies have focused on the effect of factors such as age, health, marital status, work history, education, income, family/household composition, and occupation on retirement savings over an individual’s lifetime. This study focuses specifically on retirement preparation or adequacy for men and women who are in their positive savings periods.
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A.Y., Prasad, and Balakrishna Rayanki. "A generic algorithmic protocol approaches to improve network life time and energy efficient using combined genetic algorithm with simulated annealing in MANET." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 8, no. 1 (2019): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-02-2019-0011.
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Purpose In the present networking scenarios, MANETs mainly focus on reducing the consumed power of battery-operated devices. The transmission of huge data in MANETs is responsible for greater energy usage, thereby affecting the parameter metrics network performance, throughput, packet overhead, energy consumption in addition to end-to-end delay. The effective parameter metric measures are implemented and made to enhance the network lifetime and energy efficiency. The transmission of data for at any node should be more efficient and also the battery of sensor node battery usage should be proficiently applied to increase the network lifetime. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this research work for the MANETs, the improvement of energy-efficient algorithms in MANETs is necessary. The main aim of this research is to develop an efficient and accurate routing protocol for MANET that consumes less energy, with an increased network lifetime. Findings In this paper, the author has made an attempt to improve the genetic algorithm with simulated annealing (GASA) for MANET to minimize the energy consumption of 0.851 percent and to enhance the network lifetime of 61.35 percent. Originality/value In this paper, the author has made an attempt to improve the GASA for MANET to minimize the energy consumption of 0.851 percent and to enhance the network lifetime of 61.35 percent.
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Lee, Yujin, David Kim, Junxiu Liu, et al. "Health and Economic Impacts of a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Label in the US: A Micro-Simulation Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa051_012.
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Abstract Objectives Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is linked to weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Health warning labels on SSBs have been proposed in the US to discourage consumption. Yet, the potential health and economic impacts of SSB warning labels have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the health and economic impacts of a SSB warning label in the US. Methods We used the validated Tufts Diabetes-CVD Microsimulation Model to estimate the impact of implementing a national SSB warning label in the U.S., compared to current status quo, on incident diabetes and CVD. Model inputs included nationally representative demographic, clinical, and SSB intake data from NHANES 2015–2016; policy effects on consumer intakes and SSB-disease effects from meta-analyses; disease data from CDC wonder database; and policy implementation costs and healthcare costs from established sources. Findings were evaluated over 10 years and a lifetime horizon, and costs (in 2019 USD) discounted at 3% annually. NHANES sampling weights were used to translate model estimates to nationally representative population estimates; and alternative scenarios evaluated smaller policy effects on consumer consumption, derived from prior interventional studies testing effects of SSB warning labels. Results Among 138 million US adults aged 40–79 years at baseline, 56% were SSB consumers, with mean intake of 1.10 servings/day (95% CI, 0.97, 1.23). Over 10 years, the SSB warning label was estimated to prevent 254 thousand (145, 362) incident CVD events and 231 thousand (–45, 507) diabetes cases, with $30.6 billion (29.2, 32.0) savings in healthcare costs. Over lifetime, corresponding values were 708 thousand (328, 1087), 422 thousand (77, 767), and $78.3 billion (43.8, 112.8), respectively. In sensitivity analyses with a 40% smaller policy effect size, corresponding lifetime values were 348 thousand (38, 658), 246 thousand (–98, 590), and $40.8 billion (31.5, 50.0) over a lifetime, respectively. Conclusions Implementing a national SSB warning label could generate substantial health gains and cost savings for the US population. Funding Sources NIH, NHLBI.
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Bamuwamye, Michael, Patrick Ogwok, Vivian Tumuhairwe, Richard Eragu, Henriettah Nakisozi, and Patrick E. Ogwang. "Dietary Content and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Commercial Black Tea in Kampala (Uganda)." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 6 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n6p1.
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Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It is a rich source of essential dietary elements mainly potassium and manganese. Tea may also contain toxic metals such as cadmium and lead which pose a threat to human health because of their toxicity. Twenty samples of commercial black tea in Kampala city were randomly obtained and analysed for potassium, sodium, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Human health risks due to exposure to toxic elements from daily consumption of tea were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer hazard quotient. Metal contents of black tea sold in Kampala were below international regulatory limits. The estimated daily intake of the elements in two grams of black tea was below the recommended values. Hazard quotient and hazard index were within acceptable range. Total cancer risk levels for all the teas were also within United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable range. Daily consumption of one cup containing two grams of black tea over a lifetime will promote consumer overall health and wellbeing.
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NOTINGHER, Petru, Cristina STANCU, Ionuț DRĂGAN, and Maaya ISSEDOU BEI. "Environment Influence on Lifetimes of Power Transformers." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 2 (2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.2.1108004.
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This paper presents a study on the influence of the environmental factors (respectively, ambient temperature and solar radiation) on hot spot temperatures and the consumed and remaining lifetimes of power transformers. In this regard, 15 identical 105 MVA distribution transformers are considered, loaded with the same load, and operating in 15 areas of Romania (with different climatic characteristics). Using the equations recommended by IEC 60076-7 (modified in the case of the presence of solar radiation) the values of oil temperature, hot spot temperatures and consumed and remaining lifetimes in two days from July 2020 are calculated, both in the presence and in the absence of solar radiation. It is shown that the values of the hot spot temperature and of the consumed lifetimes differ from one locality to another and that they increase with the increase of the ambient temperature and the intensities of the solar radiation. Finally, it is shown that the results obtained can be used to develop more efficient maintenance programs for distribution power transformers.
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De Marco, Marco, Paolo Fantozzi, Claudio Fornaro, Luigi Laura, and Antonio Miloso. "Cognitive analytics management of the customer lifetime value: an artificial neural network approach." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 34, no. 2 (2021): 679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-01-2020-0029.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to show that the use of CAM (cognitive analytics management) methodology is a valid tool to describe new technology implementations for businesses.Design/methodology/approachStarting from a dataset of recipes, we were able to describe consumers through a variant of the RFM (recency, frequency and monetary value) model. It has been possible to categorize the customers into clusters and to measure their profitability thanks to the customer lifetime value (CLV).FindingsAfter comparing two machine learning algorithms, we found out that self-organizing map better classifies the customer base of the retailer. The algorithm was able to extract three clusters that were described as personas using the values of the customer lifetime value and the scores of the variant of the RFM model.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this methodology are strictly applicable to the retailer which provided the data.Practical implicationsEven though, this methodology can produce useful information for designing promotional strategies and improving the relationship between company and customers.Social implicationsCustomer segmentation is an essential part of the marketing process. Improving further segmentation methods allow even small and medium companies to effectively target customers to better deliver to society the value they offer.Originality/valueThis paper shows the application of CAM methodology to guide the implementation and the adoption of a new customer segmentation algorithm based on the CLV.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Helen Greiner, Serial Robotics Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of CyPhy Works, CoFounder iRobot Corporation." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 3 (2015): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2015-0035.
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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is innovator Helen Greiner, Founder and CEO of CyPhy Works. Ms Greiner describes her technical and business experiences delivering ground robots into the industrial, consumer and military markets, which led to her pioneering flying robot solutions. Findings Helen Greiner received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering and a master’s degree in computer science, both from MIT. She also holds an honorary doctor of engineering degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Greiner is one of the three co-founders of iRobot Corp (Nasdaq: IRBT) and served as iRobot’s Vice President of Engineering (1990-1994), President (1994-2008), and Chairman (2004-2008). She founded CyPhy Works in 2008. Greiner has also served as the President, Board Member for the Robotics Technology Consortium; a Trustee for MIT; and is currently a Trustee for the Boston Museum of Science. Originality/value Inspired as a child by the movie Star Wars, Greiner’s life goal has been to create robots. Greiner was one of three people that founded iRobot Corporation and developed a culture of innovation that led to the Roomba Autonomous Vacuuming Robot. There are now more than 12 million Roombas worldwide. She also led iRobot’s entry into the military marketplace with the creation and deployment of over 6,000 PackBot robots. Greiner has received many awards and honors for her contributions in technology innovation and business leadership. She was named by the Kennedy School at Harvard in conjunction with the US News and World Report as one of America’s Best Leaders and was honored by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International with the prestigious Pioneer Award. She has also been honored as a Technology Review Magazine “Innovator for the Next Century” and has been awarded the DEMO God Award and DEMO Lifetime Achievement Award. She was named one of the Ernst & Young New England Entrepreneurs of the Year, invited to the World Economic Forum as a Global Leader of Tomorrow and Young Global Leader and has been inducted in the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame.
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Saleh, Qutaiba M., Edward C. Hensel, Nathan C. Eddingsaas, and Risa J. Robinson. "Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and Initial Pod Mass on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084380.
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This work investigated the effects of manufacturing variations, including coil resistance and initial pod mass, on coil lifetime and aerosol generation of Vuse ALTO pods. Random samples of pods were used until failure (where e-liquid was consumed, and coil resistance increased to high value indicating a coil break). Initial coil resistance, initial pod mass, and e-liquid net mass ranged between 0.89 to 1.14 [Ω], 6.48 to 6.61 [g], and 1.88 to 2.00 [g] respectively. Coil lifetime was µ (mean) = 158, σ (standard deviation) = 21.5 puffs. Total mass of e-liquid consumed until coil failure was µ = 1.93, σ = 0.035 [g]. TPM yield per puff of all test pods for the first session (brand new pods) was µ = 0.0123, σ = 0.0003 [g]. Coil lifetime and TPM yield per puff were not correlated with either variation in initial coil resistance or variation in initial pod mass. The absence of e-liquid in the pod is an important factor in causing coil failure. Small bits of the degraded coil could be potentially introduced to the aerosol. This work suggests that further work is required to investigate the effect of e-liquid composition on coil lifetime and TPM yield per puff.
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Yan, Ai Jun, San Yang Liu, and Xiao Juan Dong. "A Variable Sampling Plan Based on CL for Exponentially Distributed Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 4309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4309.
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This paper attempts to develop a variable sampling plan based on the lifetime performance index CL for exponentially distributed products.Practitioners can use the proposed sampling plan to determine the required sample size and the corresponding critical acceptance value,to make reliable decisions in product acceptance.We also tabulate the required sample size and the corresponding critical acceptance value for various producers risk and the consumers risk.
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Yu, Xiaolei, and Chunlin Yuan. "How consumers’ brand experience in social media can improve brand perception and customer equity." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31, no. 5 (2019): 1233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2018-0034.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate factors driving consumers’ social media brand experience and its effect on customer equity and customer lifetime value (CLV). A conceptual model is proposed including the variables of product attributes, brand experience, brand attachment, brand trust, customer equity and CLV.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed research model is analyzed using a survey of 708 South Korean and Chinese consumers.FindingsThe results indicate that utilitarian and hedonic values influence brand experience, and that brand experience directly influences brand attachment, brand trust and customer equity drivers. There is a positive relationship between brand attachment and trust. As a customer equity driver, brand equity has a positive effect on CLV.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on how brand experience in social media can improve customer equity. It contributes to the theory of brand experience and customer equity as well as smartphone product marketing strategies. From a managerial perspective, guidelines are provided for firms to implement value communication activities using social media, and to maintain and increase their CLV.
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Cleary, Brittany M., Megan E. Romano, Celia Y. Chen, Wendy Heiger-Bernays, and Kathryn A. Crawford. "Comparison of Recreational Fish Consumption Advisories Across the USA." Current Environmental Health Reports 8, no. 2 (2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00312-w.
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Abstract Purpose of Review Our comparative analysis sought to understand the factors which drive differences in fish consumption advisories across the USA — including exposure scenarios (acute and chronic health risk, non-cancer and cancer health endpoints), toxicity values (reference dose, cancer slope factor, acute tolerance level), and meal size and bodyweight assumptions. Recent Findings Fish consumption provides essential nutrients but also results in exposure to contaminants such as PCBs and methylmercury. To protect consumers from the risks of fish contaminants, fish consumption advisories are established, most often by state jurisdictions, to estimate the amount of a certain fish species a person could consume throughout their lifetime without harm. However, inconsistencies in advisories across the USA confuse consumers and undermine the public health goals of fish advisory programs. To date, no rigorous comparison of state and national fish consumption advisories has been reported. Summary Our work identifies discrepancies in key assumptions used to derive risk-based advisories between US states, reflecting differences in the interpretation of toxicity science. We also address the implications for these differences by reviewing advisories issued by contiguous states bordering two waterbodies: Lake Michigan and the Lower Mississippi River. Our findings highlight the importance of regional collaboration when issuing advisories, so that consumers of self-caught fish are equipped with clear knowledge to make decisions to protect their health.
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Басенко, Т. В., О. В. Біла та Н. В. Садретдінова. "ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ШВЕЙНИХ ВИРОБІВ". Fashion Industry, № 1 (18 червня 2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2706-5898.2020.1.2.
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To conduct a benchmarking analysis of the physical wear out of clothes and their actual period of using for identify the impact of “Fast Fashion” on domestic consumer market as a factor of environmental pollution. Methods. A number of methods and means of scientifi c research have been used in work, such as analysis of information sources, sociological research, experimental research, statistical processing. Results and conclusions. In order to determine the average term of clothing use, a sociological survey of a target consumers group was conducted, which results analysis showed that the wardrobe of a modern woman of a younger age group is completely updated every two years. The duration of using has increased with age. Such trends are due to the "fast fashion" expansion, which leads to an increase environmental pollution. According to the results of experimental studies of clothes resistance for T-shirts and comparison of their values with normative, it was established that garments have a signifi cantly longer physical endurance resource. This was also confi rmed as a result of an analysis o f the wear out dynamics of clothing over the years. Therefore, to create the preconditions for the sustainable consumption of clothing, it is important to inform consumers about recommended lifetime for its. Scientifi c novelty. A benchmarking analysis of the physical wear out of clothes and their actual period of using, obtained by the results of a survey of the target consumer group. The obtained in this work results serve as a prerequisite for the development of methods for determining the durability of clothing based on the results of experimental research of wear resistance indicators. This work also makes a signifi cant contribution to the promotion of sustainable consumption of garment.
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Lin, Rong-Ho, Wei-Wei Chuang, Chun-Ling Chuang, and Wan-Sin Chang. "Applied Big Data Analysis to Build Customer Product Recommendation Model." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094985.
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With the development of the Internet environment, the trend of the retail industry in the future. It cannot be separated from the community, data and experience. Consumers’ lifestyles and purchasing behaviors are constantly changing and retailers must adopt policies to understand consumers. This research analyzes supermarkets most commonly touched by consumers in daily life. In order to find hidden information behind customer transaction data, it helps supermarkets to learn about the habits of customers to help them Formulate marketing strategies and improve the profitability of supermarkets and maintain long-term relationships with customers. Thus, the RFM model is used to convert customer transaction data into R, F, and M values and then clustering using the Ward’s method to combine with K-means, fuzzy C-means, and self-organizing maps. Using discriminant analysis find out the grouping method with the highest accuracy rate to calculate the customer lifetime value score. In terms of product recommendation, customers can be recommended to buy products in the top five categories or to use rules found in association rule to make recommendations. In terms of customers, we maintain long-term relationships with customers by recommending other related products, products for bundling sale, giving gifts or discount coupons, and regularly organizing promotional activities.
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Wu, Shu-Fei, Yi-Jun Xie, Mao-Feng Liao, and Wei-Tsung Chang. "Reliability Sampling Design for the Lifetime Performance Index of Gompertz Lifetime Distribution under Progressive Type I Interval Censoring." Mathematics 9, no. 17 (2021): 2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9172109.
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In this artificial intelligence era, the constantly changing technology makes production techniques become sophisticated and complicated. Therefore, manufacturers are dedicated to improving the quality of products by increasing the lifetime in order to achieve the quality standards demanded by consumers. For products with lifetime following a Gompertz distribution, the lifetime performance index was used to measure the performance of manufacturing process under progressive type I interval censoring. The sampling design is investigated to reach the given level of significance and power level. When inspection interval length is fixed and the number of inspection intervals is not fixed, the required number of inspection intervals and sample size with minimum total cost are determined and tabulated. When the termination time is not fixed, the required number of inspection intervals, sample size, and equal interval length reaching the minimum total cost are determined and tabulated. The optimal parameter values are tabulated for the practical use of users. Finally, one practical example is given for the illustrative aim to show the implementation of this sampling design to collect data and the collected data are used to conduct the testing procedure to see if the process is capable.
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Yu, Lang, Guangwen Feng, Qian Liu, et al. "Assessment of natural radioactivity and consequent radiological hazard in different brands of commercialized bottled mineral water produced in China." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 4 (2020): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.038.
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Abstract As one of the drinking water quality parameters, natural radioactivity parameters are recommended to prevent a potential health threat to the public. In this study, the gross-α and gross-β activity concentrations in 15 different brands of commercial bottled mineral water consumed in China were analyzed to evaluate the quality and corresponding health impact on the population. The activity concentrations of gross-α and gross-β in different samples varied from 4.4 to 130.6 and 17.3–320.3 mBq L–1, respectively. The values of the annual effective dose equivalent rate (AED) for infants, children and adults ranged from 1.3 to 21.6, 2.9–52.5 and 5.5–97.8 μSv y–1, respectively. The average excess lifetime cancer risk caused by the consumption of bottled mineral water samples was estimated as 6.0 × 10–5. These results show that all the measured gross-α and gross-β are found to be obviously less than the guidance level by WHO and the domestic standard. The values of AED are below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of 0.1 mSv y–1. Combined with the lifetime cancer risk assessment, it is concluded that there is no significant risk for consumption of the observed brands of bottled mineral water and it can be consumed safely.
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Kwak, Seung Soo, Yun Chan Im, and Yong Sin Kim. "Long-Lifetime Event-Driven Wireless Monitoring System for Pole-Mounted Transformers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167313.
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As smart grids develop rapidly, low-cost monitoring systems for pole-mounted transformers increase in demand. Even though battery-powered wireless monitoring systems appear to provide optimal solutions, they consume large amounts of energy for continuous sampling and data transmission. Operation and maintenance costs then increase owing to reduced battery lifetime and battery replacement. To overcome this problem, this paper presents an event-driven battery-powered wireless monitoring system that monitors abnormalities of a transformer and transmits data only if an abnormality occurs. When the proposed event controller detects an abnormality, it enables a root mean square (RMS) converter and a peak detector for sampling and transmitting the maximum RMS value of the abnormal signal and then falls into sleep mode until the next event to save energy. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed system enhances battery lifetime by up to two orders of magnitude compared to a conventional battery-powered wireless monitoring system.
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Sowole, O., O. E. Olaniyi, and F. R. Amodu. "Evaluation of Primordial Radionuclides in Ocimum gratissimum and health Risk to the Consumers at Ewekoro Southwest of Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 2 (2020): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i2.24.
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Primordial radionuclides are transported in to the plants through the leaves and roots. Medicinal plants are widely used in Africa for prevention and treatment of diseases. Ocimum Gratissimum is medicinal plant that is so used in southwest of Nigeria due to its multifunctional traditional medicinal health uses and as spice in cooking. The research is to determine the radiological health risk of these primordial radionuclides to the consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum in the study area. Fresh leaves of the medicinal plant were plucked from ten (10) different locations at Ewekoro where mining of limestone had been taking place in Ogun State, southwest of Nigeria, been the part of the plant that was commonly used. The concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the fresh leaves were determined using gamma spectrometry method, and average annual committed effective dose to the adult consumers was determined. No artificial radionuclide was detected. The highest annual committed effective doses of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum were obtained to be 0.00133mSvy-1, 0.00147mSvy-1 and 0.00336mSvy-1 respectively. The highest excess lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0211 x 10-3, 0.0136 x 10-3 and 0.1434 x 10-3 respectively. The average annual committed effective dose and average excess lifetime cancer risk of the radionuclides to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0109mSvy-1 and 0.0379 x 10-3 respectively. The values were below the limits of 0.3mSvy-1 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively, recommended globally. The consumers of the medicinal plant do not have significant radiological health risk. Furthermore, the results obtained can serve as reference data for future studies in the study area and its environs.
 Keywords: Primordial Radionuclide, Medicinal plant, Dose, Cancer
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Lyons, Paul, and Louis Brennan. "Assessing Value From Business-to-Business Services Relationships: Temporality, Tangibility, Temperament, and Trade-Offs." Journal of Service Research 22, no. 1 (2018): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670518805569.
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Theoretical contributions exploring service value in business-to-business (B2B) settings have significantly lagged those that consider goods markets and business-to-consumer (B2C) contexts. To address this gap, this article focuses on the interfirm relationship as the fulcrum through which service value is created and exchanged. Specifically, we analyze how relationship value is assessed by actors and their organizations over the lifetimes of service engagements. Through in-depth interviews with 38 executives representing customer and provider firms, we study three cases with durations ranging between 9 and 11 years. We develop a model demonstrating value assessment to be a dynamic, socially constructed, and multilevel phenomenon, in which structured institutional bodies and unstructured collectives within firms display different priorities in their assessments. The model also demonstrates the critical role of relationship leaders in influencing these positions and negotiating consensus. Our analysis reveals value assessments to be both a sustenance for, and an output from, B2B service relationships. We contribute to knowledge and theory of relationship value and offer managerial actions to promote improvement in assessments of this value in B2B services settings.
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Dutra, Mauricio Cabral, Luisa Zanolli Moreno, Ricardo Augusto Dias, and Andrea Micke Moreno. "Antimicrobial Use in Brazilian Swine Herds: Assessment of Use and Reduction Examples." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040881.
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Brazil, as a major pig producer, is currently experiencing the widespread use of antimicrobials as a serious issue to be addressed. For measures to be taken in this direction, the extent of the problem must be known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of antimicrobials in 25 Brazilian swine herds. Antimicrobial use from birth to slaughter was correlated with biosecurity and productivity. After the first assessment (2016; M0), 13 herds implemented good practices to reduce antimicrobial use. Four years after the implementation of these measures (2020; M1), data about antimicrobial usage from these herds were collected. The results of the first assessment (M0) demonstrated a troublesome scenario: the mean value of antimicrobials used was 358.4 mg/kg of pig produced; the median of the pig’s lifetime exposure to antimicrobials was 73.7%, and the median number of drugs used was seven. A positive correlation between the antimicrobials consumed and the pig’s antimicrobial exposure time was detected. Nevertheless, these data did not correlate with biosecurity score or productivity. A significant difference was detected in M1, where a median 30% reduction in antimicrobials consumed was detected. There was also a 44.3% reduction of the pig’s lifetime exposure to antimicrobials. The median number of drugs used was reduced from seven to five. Antimicrobial use did not always reflect the sanitary condition or the real therapeutic needs, easily leading to overuse.
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Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, Marco Del Prete, and Giovanni Belingardi. "Battery High Temperature Sensitive Optimization-Based Calibration of Energy and Thermal Management for a Parallel-through-the-Road Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188593.
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Preserving high-voltage battery pack lifetime represents a key issue in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Temperature has remarkably major impacts on battery lifetime and implementing HEV thermal and energy management approaches to enhance fuel economy while preserving battery lifetime at various temperatures still represents an open challenge. This paper introduces an optimization driven methodology to tune the parameters of thermal and energy on-board rule-based control approaches of a parallel through-the-road plug-in HEV. Particle swarm optimization is implemented to this end and the calibration objective involves minimizing HEV operative costs concerning energy consumption and battery degradation over the entire vehicle lifetime for various ambient temperatures, driving conditions, payload conditions, and cabin conditioning system states. Numerical models are implemented that can estimate the evolution over time of the state of charge, state of health, and temperature of HEV high-voltage battery packs. Obtained results suggest that the calibrated thermal and energy management strategy tends to reduce pure electric operation as the ambient temperature progressively increases beyond 30 °C. The consequent longer internal combustion engine operation entails a gradual increase in the overall vehicle energy demand. At a 36 °C ambient temperature, the HEV consumes 2.3 times more energy compared with the 15 °C reference value. Moreover, activating the cabin conditioning system seems beneficial for overall plug-in HEV energy consumption at high ambient temperatures. The presented methodology can contribute to easing and accelerating the development process for energy and thermal management systems of HEVs.
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Tyagi, Vishakha, Sindhu Hak Gupta, and Monica Kaushik. "Energy Optimization in a Multihop Sensor Network for a WBAN Application." Electronics ETF 25, no. 1 (2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53314/els2125003t.
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Movement and posture change of human body plays a crucial role in energy consumption while data transmission between strategically deployed nodes in wireless body area networks (WBANs). The majority of energy is used in transmission rather than processing of the data. Nodes within body are there for long time and need to be energy efficient so that the network lifetime is increased. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient data transmission for multi-hop network that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) for optimizing the parameters on which energy consumption relies. An energy efficient data transmission and reception takes place by altering the parameters like node to node distance and packet size of data. The obtained results show a significant reduction of energy consumed by reducing the packet size and keeping the node-to-sink distance a constant value. The total energy consumed per hop per bit length of data packet Emh/L shows 75% optimization. The energy consumed in data transmission per bit length of data E tx /L and the energy consumed for data received per bit length of data packet E rx /L is optimized by approximately 70% and 50% respectively for hope count 2 to 5.
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Thompson, Debora Viana, Rebecca W. Hamilton, and Roland T. Rust. "Feature Fatigue: When Product Capabilities Become Too Much of a Good Thing." Journal of Marketing Research 42, no. 4 (2005): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.4.431.
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As technology advances, it becomes more feasible to load products with a large number of features, each of which individually might be perceived as useful. However, too many features can make a product overwhelming for consumers and difficult to use. Three studies examine how consumers balance their desires for capability and usability when they evaluate products and how these desires shift over time. Because consumers give more weight to capability and less weight to usability before use than after use, they tend to choose overly complex products that do not maximize their satisfaction when they use them, resulting in ”feature fatigue.” An analytical model based on these results provides additional insights into the feature fatigue effect. This model shows that choosing the number of features that maximizes initial choice results in the inclusion of too many features, potentially decreasing customer lifetime value. As the emphasis on future sales increases, the optimal number of features decreases. The results suggest that firms should consider having a larger number of more specialized products, each with a limited number of features, rather than loading all possible features into one product.
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Hacioglu, Gungor, and Osman Gök. "MARKETING PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: MARKETING METRICS IN TURKISH FIRMS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, Supplement_1 (2013): S413—S432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.729156.
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This study explores which metrics are considered important in measuring marketing performance in Turkish firms. In addition, the study examines the effects of sectoral differences and market dynamism, and the relationship between the importance attached to metrics and firm performance. The data collected from a sample of 145 Turkish firms via a structured questionnaire derived from the literature reveals that the most importance is attached to consumers’ attitudes metrics. Economic value added and customer lifetime value are the least important metrics in performance evaluation. No significant relationship occurs between the importance that executives attach to metrics and firm performance. Managerial implications and future research opportunities will be presented at the end. The study is, as far as is known, the first attempt at aiming to explore marketing metrics in Turkey, and one of a limited number of studies in emerging economies.
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Männistö, Satu, Mikko Virtanen, Vesa Kataja, Matti Uusitupa, and Pirjo Pietinen. "Lifetime alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a case–control study in Finland." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 1 (2000): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000033.
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AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer.Design and settingA case–control study carried out in eastern Finland. Information about alcohol consumption was obtained by two methods: a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including alcohol consumption during the previous 12 months, and a lifetime alcohol consumption questionnaire (AQ) which was administered by the study nurse.SubjectsThe study consisted of 301 breast cancer cases (25–75 years old) and 443 population controls.ResultsThe subjects reported higher current alcohol consumption in the AQ compared to the FFQ. According to the AQ, premenopausal cases consumed on average 28 g and controls 24 g alcohol week−1; in postmenopausal women the values were 15 and 14 g, respectively. About 30% of premenopausal and 60% of postmenopausal women were classified as non-drinkers. The correlation for current alcohol consumption between the FFQ and the AQ was 0.80 in premenopausal women but only 0.40 in postmenopausal women. Current alcohol consumption seemed to influence the reporting of total lifetime alcohol consumption. Current alcohol consumption was not associated with the risk of breast cancer either in premenopausal or postmenopausal women; neither were associations found between alcohol consumption at age of first use, use before the age of 30, or total lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer.ConclusionsOn average, one to three drinks per week did not increase the risk of breast cancer in this study. Consumption levels were, however, too low to exclude increased risk with high regular consumption. Further research is necessary on lifetime alcohol consumption.
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Wang, Jin, Yu Gao, Xiang Yin, Feng Li, and Hye-Jin Kim. "An Enhanced PEGASIS Algorithm with Mobile Sink Support for Wireless Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9472075.
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Energy efficiency has been a hot research topic for many years and many routing algorithms have been proposed to improve energy efficiency and to prolong lifetime for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Since nodes close to the sink usually need to consume more energy to forward data of its neighbours to sink, they will exhaust energy more quickly. These nodes are called hot spot nodes and we call this phenomenon hot spot problem. In this paper, an Enhanced Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (EPEGASIS) algorithm is proposed to alleviate the hot spots problem from four aspects. Firstly, optimal communication distance is determined to reduce the energy consumption during transmission. Then threshold value is set to protect the dying nodes and mobile sink technology is used to balance the energy consumption among nodes. Next, the node can adjust its communication range according to its distance to the sink node. Finally, extensive experiments have been performed to show that our proposed EPEGASIS performs better in terms of lifetime, energy consumption, and network latency.